CHEMISTRY (Class 11)

Index
Chapters 1. 2. . #. %. 6. ,. /. -. 10. 11. 12. 1 . 1#. Some Basic concepts of chemistry Structure of Atom Classification of !lements and "eriodicity in "roperties Chemical Bondin$ and molecular Structure States of &atter' (ases and )i*uids +hermodynamics !*uili.rium 0edox 0eactions 1ydro$en S2Bloc3 !lements Some "2Bloc3 !lements page 01 16 # #6 66 ,11# 12% 1 / 1%0

4r$anic Chemistry' some .asic "rinciples and +echni*ues 161 1ydrocar.ons !n5ironmental Chemistry 1/2 220

CBSE TEST PAPER-01 CLASS - XI CHEMISTRY (Basic Concepts of Chemist !"

Topic# - Matte an$ it s c%assification

Marks: 20

1. 2. ". %. *. +.

What is chemistry? How has chemistry contributed towards nations deve o!ment? How can we say that su#ar is so id and water is i$uid? &i''erentiate so ids( i$uids ) #ases in terms o' vo ume ) sha!es. How is matter c assi'ied at macrosco!ic eve ? , assi'y 'o owin# substances as e ement( com!ounds and mi-tures . water( tea( si ver( stee ( carbondio-ide and ! atinum

[1] [1] [2] [1] [2]

[2]

/.

0ame the di''erent methods that can be used 'or se!aration o' com!onents o' a mi-ture. [1]

1.

, assi'y 'o owin# as !ure substances and mi-tures . 2ir( # ucose( #o d( sodium and mi k. [1]

3.

What is the di''erence between mo ecu es and com!ounds? 4ive e-am! es o' each. [1] [1]

10. How can we se!arate the com!onents o' a com!ound?

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CBSE TEST PAPER-01 CLASS - XI CHEMISTRY (Basic Concepts of Chemist !"

Topic# - Matte an$ it s c%assification &A'S(ERS)

2ns1:

,hemistry is the branch o' science that studies the com!osition( !ro!erties and interaction o' matter.

2ns2:

chemica !rinci! es are im!ortant in diverse areas such as weather !atterns( 'unctionin# o' brain( o!eration o' a com!uter( chemica industries( manu'acturin# ( 'erti i5ers( a ka is( acids( sa ts( dyes( !o ymers( dru#s( soa!s( deter#ents( meta s( a oys( contribute in a bi# way to nationa economy.

2ns":

6u#ar has c ose !ackin# o' constituent !artic es( have its own vo ume and sha!e there'ore( it can be said to be so id whereas in water the constituent !artic es are not as c ose y !acked as in so id. 7t has de'inite vo ume but not de'inite sha!e. 8here'ore it is a i$uid.

2ns%: P ope t! 1. 9o ume 2. 6ha!e So%i$s &e'inite :i-ed Li*+i$s &e'inite ,ases 0ot de'inite

0ot 'i-ed( take the 0ot 'i-ed( takes sha!e o' container( the sha!e o' the container

2ns*:

Macrosco!ic c assi'ication o' matter .

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2ns+:

,om!ounds Water ,arbondio-ide

; ements 6i ver < atinum

Mi-tures 8ea 6tee

2ns/

8he com!onents o' a mi-ture can be se!arated by !hysica methods ike hand!ickin#( 'i trations( crysta i5ation( disti ation etc.

2ns1:

<ure 6ubstances 4 ucose 4o d 6odium

Mi-tures 2ir Mi k

2ns3:

Mo ecu es consist o' di''erent atoms or same atoms. e.#. mo ecu e o' hydro#en contains two atoms o' hydro#en where as mo ecu e o' water contain two atoms o' hydro#en and one o' o-y#en. ,om!ound is 'ormed when two or more than two di''erent atoms combine in 'ire !ro!o e.#. water .rtion carbondio-ide( su#ar etc.

2ns10: 8he constituents o' a com!ound can not be se!arated by !hysica methods. 8hey can on y be se!arate by chemica methods.

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CBSE TEST PAPER-02 CLASS - XI CHEMISTRY (Basic Concepts of Chemist !"

Topic# - P ope ties of matte an$ thei meas% ement Marks: 20

1. 2. . $.

How are physical properties different from chemical properties? What are the two different system of measurement? Write se!en fundamental "uantities # their units. What is the difference %etween mass # wei&ht? How is mass measured in la%oratory?

[1] [1] [2]

[2]

'.

How is !olume measured in la%oratory? (on!ent 0.') into ml and 0cm to dm [2] [1] [2] [1]

*. -. 0. 1.

What is the +, unit of density? (on!ert '0( to o. # /. What are the reference points in thermometer with (elsius scale? What is the +, unit of !olume? What is the other common unit which in not an +, unit of !olume.

[1] [2]

10. What does the followin& prefi2es stand for 3 4a5 pico 4%5 nano 4c5 centi 4d5 deci

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CBSE TEST PAPER-02 CLASS - XI CHEMISTRY &A'S(ERS) Topic# - P ope ties of matte an$ thei meas% ement

6ns1:

7hysical properties are those properties which can %e measured or o%ser!ed without chan&in& the identity or the composition of the su%stance whereas the measurement of chemical properties re"uire a chemical chan&e to occur e.&. colour8 odour etc are physical properties and com%ustion8 %asicity etc are chemical properties.

6ns2:

9he different system of measurement are :n&lish system and the metric system.

6ns :

7hysical ;uantity 1. )en&th 4l5 2. Mass 4m5 . 9ime 4t5 $. :lectric (urrent 4,5 '. 9hermodynamic 9emperature 495 *. 6mount of su%stance 4n5 -. )uminous ,ntensity 4, 5

+, unit Metre 4m5 /ilo&ram 4k&5 +econd 4s5 6mpere 465 /el!in 4/5 Mole 4mol5 (andela 4(d5

6ns$:

Mass of a su%stance is the amount of matter present in it while wei&ht is the force e2erted %y &ra!ity on an o%<ect the mass of a su%stance is determined with the help of an analytical %alance in la%oratory.

6ns':

,n the la%oratory !olume of a li"uid can %e measured %y usin& &raduated cylinder8 %urette8 pipette etc. 1) = 1000 ml 0.') = '00 ml 1000cm = 1dm 0cm = 1 3 0 dm 3 100 0

= 0.0 dm
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6ns*:

9he +, >nit of density is /& m? or k&@m

6nso

o.

/
K =o C + 273.15
= 35 + 273.15 = 308.15K

9 F = (o C ) + 32 5

F=

9 ( 35) + 32 5

= 63 + 32 = 95o F

6ns0:

9he thermometers with (elsius scale are cali%rated form 0o to 100o where there two temperatures are the freeAin& and %oilin& of water.

6ns1: 9he +, unit of !olume is m whereas litre 4)5 is the common unit which is not an +, unit.

6ns10: 7ico = 10?12 nano = 10?1 centi = 10?2 deci = 10?1

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CBSE TEST PAPER-03 CLASS - XI CHEMISTRY (Basic Concepts of Chemist !"

Topic# - $nce taint! in meas% ement Marks: 20 1. 2. 3. What is the difference between precision and accuracy? What do you understand by significant figures? ow !any significant figures are present in "a# $.01 102 "b# %.2&' "c# 100 $. &. '. /. %. 2. (tate )aw of definite proportions. *+p)ain )aw of !u)tip)e proportions with an e+a!p)e. (tate ,-ogadro.s )aw. Write 0ostu)ates of 1a)ton.s ato!ic theory. 1efine one ato!ic !ass unit "a!u#. 3a)cu)ate !o)ecu)ar !ass of 4 32
'5

[1] [1] [3]

[1] [2] [1] [2] [1] [2]

312

226115

2(6$5

306$

10. What is for!u)a !ass?

[1]

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CBSE TEST PAPER-03 CLASS - XI CHEMISTRY &A'S(ERS)

Topic# - $nce taint! in meas% ement

,ns1:

0recision !eans the c)oseness of -arious !easure!ents for the sa!e 7uantity. ,ccuracy is the agree!ent of a particu)ar -a)ue to the true -a)ue of the resu)t.

,ns2:

(ignificant figures are !eaningfu) digits which are known with certainty. 8he uncertainty in e+peri!enta) or the ca)cu)ated -a)ue is indicated by !entioning the nu!ber of significant figures. "a# $.01 102 4 8hree "b# %.2&' 4 9our "c# 100 4 6ne

,ns3:

,ns$:

:aw of definite proportions states that a gi-en co!pound a)ways contains e+act)y the sa!e proportion of e)e!ents by weight.

,ns&:

8he )aw of !u)tip)e proportions rays that if two e)e!ents can co!bine to for! !ore than one co!pound5 the !asses of one e)e!ent that co!bine with a fi+ed !ass of other e)e!ent are in a ratio of s!a)) who)e nu!bers. e.g. hydrogen and o+ygen can co!bine to for! water as we)) as hydrogen pero+ide. ere5 the !asses of o+ygen "1'g ; 32g# which co!bine with a fi+ed !ass of hydrogen "2g# bear a si!p)e ratio i.e.5 1':32 < 1:2.

,ns':

,ccording to ,-ogadro.s )aw5 e7ua) -o)u!es of gases at the sa!e te!perature and pressure shou)d contain e7ua) nu!ber of !o)ecu)es.

,ns/

0ostu)ates of 1a)ton.s ato!ic theory 4

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1. Matter consists of indi-isib)e ato!s. 2. ,)) the ato!s of a gi-en e)e!ent ha-e identica) properties inc)uding ato!ic !ass. ,to!s of different e)e!ent differ in !ass. 3. 3o!pounds are for!ed when ato!s of different e)e!ents co!bine in a fi+ed ratio. $. 3he!ica) reaction in-o)-es reorgani=ation of ato!s. 8hese are neither created nor destroyed

,ns%:

6ne ato!ic !ass unit "a!u# is defined as a !ass e+act)y e7ua) to one 4 twe)fth the !ass of one carbon 4 12 ato!. C2 H 6 = (2 12) + (6 1) = 30 C12 H 22O11 = (12 12) + (22 1) + (11 16) = 342 H 2 SO4 = (2 1) + 32 + (4 16) = 98 H 3 PO4 = (1 3) + 31 + (4 16) = 98

,ns2:

,ns10: When a substance does not contain discrete !o)ecu)es as their constituent units and ha-e a three di!ensiona) structure5 for!u)a !ass is used to ca)cu)ate !o)ecu)ar !ass which is su! of a)) the ato!ic !asses of ato! present in the for!u)a.

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CBSE TEST PAPER-04 CLASS - XI CHEMISTRY (Basic Concepts of Chemist !"

Topic# - Mo$e concept% pe centa&e composition Marks: 20 1. 2. $. ). What is the value of one mole? At NTP, hat ill !e the volume of mole"ules of 6.022 1023 #2? %al"ulate the num!er of mole"ules &resent in 0.' moles of %(2? *ive one e+am&le ea"h of a mole"ule in hi"h em&iri"al formula an, mole"ular formula are -i. same -ii. /ifferent. '. 5. 10 of a 1as at 2TP ei1hs 1.341. What is mole"ular mass? Write em&iri"al formula of follo in1 6 %(, Na2%($, 7%l, %5#12, #2(2, #$P(), 8e2($, N2(). 4. %al"ulate the num!er of moles in the follo in1 masses 6 -i. 4.9'1 of 8e -ii. 4.3m1 of %a 9. :itamin % is essential for the &revention of s"urv;. %om!ustion of 0.20001 of vitamin % 1ives 0.23391 of %(2 an, 0.9131 of #2(. What is the em&iri"al formula of vitamin %? [$] [2] [2] [1] [)] [1] [1] [1]

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CBSE TEST PAPER-04 CLASS - XI CHEMISTRY 'A(S)ERS*

Topic# - Mo$e concept% pe centa&e composition 1mole < 6.022 1023 atoms= ions = entities

Ans1:

Ans2:

22.) 0itres.

Ans$:

The

num!er

of

mole"ules

&resent

in

0.'

moles

of

%02

is

6.022 1023 0.5 = 3.011 1023.

Ans):

-i.

2ame mole"ular formula an, em&iri"al formula. %ar!on ,io+i,e, !oth is %(2.

-ii. When mole"ular formula an, em&iri"al formula are ,ifferent 6 #;,ro1en &ero+i,e: mole"ular formula is #2(2 an, em&iri"al formula is #(

Ans':

22.) 0 of the 1as at 2TP ill ei1h

= 1.97 22.4 = 44.1g

i.e. mole"ular mass < )).1

Ans5: Mo$ec+$a fo m+$a %( Na2%($ 7%l %5#12 #2(2 #$P() 8e2($ N2() Empi ica$ fo m+$a %( Na2%($ 7%l %#2 #( #$P() 8e2($ N(2

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Ans4

-i. 4.9'1 of 8e '51 of 8e "ontains 6.022 1023 atoms < 1mole '51 of 8e < 1mole 4.9'1 of 8e <
1 7.85 < 0.1)moles 56

-ii. )01 of %a < 40 103 m1 of %a )01 of %a < 1mole (r 4 104 m1 of %a < 1mole 4.3m1 of %a <
7.9 4 104

= 1.97 104 moles

Ans9:

Per"enta1e of "ar!on <

12 100 0.02998 = 47.69 44 0.2 2 100 0.0819 = 4.55 18 0.2

Per"enta1e of #;,ro1en =

Per"enta1e of o+;1en = 100 ( 47.69 + 4.55) = 47.76

E$ement

Atomic Mass

Re$ati-e no. of atoms

Simp$est Ratio
3.97 = 1.33 2.98 4.55 = 1.5 2.98 2.98 =1 2.98

% # (

)4.53 ).'' )4.45

12 1 15

47.69 = 3.97 12 4.55 = 4.55 1 47.76 = 2.98 15

>m&iri"al formula < %1.$$ #1.' (, < %9#3(5

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CBSE TEST PAPER-05 CLASS - XI CHEMISTRY (Basic Concepts of Chemist !" Topic# - Stoichiomet ! an$ Stoichiomet ic ca%c&%ations Marks: 20 1. 2. What is stoichiometry? How much potassium chlorate should be heated to produce 2.24 o! o"y#e$ at %&'? (. 4. Write a$ e"pressio$ !or molarity a$d molality o! a solutio$. )alculate the wei#ht o! lime *)a+, obtai$ed by heati$# 2000k# o! -./ pure lime sto$e *)a)+(, .. 1. 2. &he substa$ce which #ets used up i$ a$y reactio$ is called 00000000000000 What is 1molal solutio$? 4 litres o! water are added to 2 o! 1 molar H)l solutio$s. What is the molarity o! resulti$# solutio$? 3. What 4olume o! 10M H)l a$d (M H)l should be mi"ed to obtai$ 1 o! 1M H)l solutio$? [2] [2] [2] [1] [1] [2] [2] [1]

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CBSE TEST PAPER-05 CLASS - XI CHEMISTRY 'A(S)ERS* Topic# - Stoichiomet ! an$ Stoichiomet ic ca%c&%ation

5$s1:

6toichimetry deals with the calculatio$s o! masses o! reacta$ts a$d products i$4ol4ed i$ a chemical reactio$s.

5$s2:

27)l+( 2moles 2*(- 8 (... 8 ( 11, 9 24.#

27)l 8 (+2 (moles 22.4 ( 9 12.2

12.2 o! o"y#e$ is produced !rom 24.# o! 7)l+( 2.24 o! o"y#e$ is produced !rom 9
245 2.24 67.2

9 3.12# o! 7)l+(

5$s(:

Molarity = Molality =

number of moles of solute Volume of solution in Litres

number of moles of solute Mass of solvent in kg

5$s4:

100k# impure sample has pure )a)+( 9 -. 9 -.k# 200k# impure sample has pure )a)+( 9
95 200 100

9 1-0k# )a)+( )a+ 8 )+2

56 190 100

6i$ce 100k# )a)+( #i4es )a+ 9 .1k# 1-0k# )a)+( will #i4e )a+ 9

9 101.4k#

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5$s.:

&he substa$ce that #ets used up i$ a$y reactio$ is called limiti$# rea#e$t.

5$s1: o$e molal solutio$ is solutio$ i$ which o$e mole o! solute is prese$t i$ 1000# o! sol4e$t.

5$s2

:$itial 4olume; <1 9 2 =i$al 4olume; <2 9 4 8 2 9 1 :$itial molarity; M1 9 1M =i$al molarity 9 M2 M1<1 9 M2<2
6M 2 L = M 2 6L M2 = 6M 2 L = 2M 6L

&hus the resulti$# solutio$ is 2M H)l.

5$s3:

et the re>uired 4olume o! 10M H)l be < liters. &he$; the re>uired 4olume o! (M H)l be *1 ? <, iters. M1<1 8 M2<2 9 M(<(
10 V + 3 (1 V ) = 6 1 10V + 3 3V = 6 7V = 3 3 = 0.428 L = 428mL. 7

V=

&he$ the 4olume o! 10M H)l re>uired 9 423m @ 4olume o! (M H)l re>uired 9 1000m ? 423m 9 .22m

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CBSE TEST PAPER-01 CLASS - XI CHEMISTRY (Structure of Atom) Topic:- i!co"er# of Su$ % Atomic P&rtic'e! Marks: 20 1. 2. 3. #. '. (. Name the sub atomic particles of an atom. Name the scientist who first formulated the atomic structure. hat is the e!m ratio of an electron" hat is the char$e %e& of an electron" hat is the mass %m& of an electron" %i& %ii& ). %i& %ii& *. .. hat is the mass of a proton" hat is the char$e of a proton" hat is the mass of a neutron" hat is the char$e of a neutron" [1] [1] [1] [1] [2] [1] [1] [1] [1] [2] [2]

hich e+periment led to the disco,er- of electrons and how" /i,e the main properties of canal ra- e+periment.

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CBSE TEST PAPER-01 CLASS - XI CHEMISTRY (A)S*ERS+ Topic: - i!co"er# of Su$ % Atomic P&rtic'e!

0ns1:

1lectron2 proton and neutron.

0ns2:

3ohn 4alton2 a 5ritish teacher in 1*0* first proposed a firm scientific basis known as 4alton6s atomic theor-.

0ns3: 0ccordin$ to 7homson6s e+periment2 e!m ratio for an electron is 1.76 108 cg 1

0ns#:

8rom Millikan6s e+periment2 the char$e of an electron %e& is 1.602 1019 C.

0ns':

mass of an electron %m& 9

( )

e e m

1.602 1019 C 1.76 108 Cg 1

= 9.10 1028 g = 9.1 10 31 kg

th of the mass of a h-dro$en :o2 the mass of an electron is = 9.1 10 31 kg or 1 1837 atom. %i& 7he mass of a proton is 1.676 10 27 kg or 1.676 1024

0ns(:

%ii& 7he char$e of a proton is +1.602 1019 C %i& 7he mass of a neutron is 1.676 1024 g

0ns):

%ii& Neutron is electricall- neutral i.e. it has no char$e as an electron or a proton has.

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0ns*:

7he cathode ra- dischar$e tube e+periment performed b- 3.3. 7homson led to the disco,er- of ne$ati,el- char$ed particles called electron. 0 cathode ra- tube consists of two thin pieces of metals called electrodes sealed inside a $lass tube with sealed ends. 7he $lass tube is attached to a ,acuum pump and the pressure inside the tube is reduced to 0.01mm. hen fairl- hi$h

,olta$e %102 000;& is applied across the electrodes2 in,isible ra-s are emitted from the cathode called cathode ra-s. 0nal-sis of this ra-s led to the disco,er- electrons.

0ns.:

7he canal ra- e+periment led to the disco,er- of %i& 7he anode ra-s2 tra,el in strai$ht line

%ii& 7he- are positi,el- char$ed as the- $et deflected towards the ,e end when sub<ected to an electric and ma$netic field. %iii& 7he- depend upon the nature of $as present in the cathode tube. %i,& 7he char$e to mass ration %e!m& of the particle is found to depend on the $as from which the- ori$inate. %,& 7he- are also material particles 7he anal-sis of these proportions led to the disco,er- of positi,el- char$ed proton.

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