A monostable multivibrator (MMV) often called a one-shot multivibrator, is a pulse generator circuit in which the duration of the pulse

is determined by the R-C network,connected externally to the 555 timer. In such a vibrator, one state of output is stable while the other is quasi-stable (unstable). For auto-triggering of output from quasi-stable state to stable state energy is stored by an externally connected capacitor C to a reference level. The time taken in storage determines the pulse width. The transition of output from stable state to quasi-stable state is accomplished by external triggering.

Monostable multivibrator often called a one shot multivibrator is a pulse generating circuit in which the duration of this pulse is determined by the RC network connected externally to the 555 timer. In a stable or standby state, the output of the circuit is approximately zero or a logic-low level. When external trigger pulse is applied (See circuit diagram) output is forced to go high ( VCC). The time for which output remains high is determined by the external RC network connected to the timer. At the end of the timing interval, the output automatically reverts back to its logic-low stable state. The output stays low until trigger pulse is again applied. Then the cycle repeats. The monostable circuit has only one stable state (output low) hence the name monostable.

NOTE:

1. Design a monostable multivibrator for a pulse of 1.1 ms:

a) Connect the circuit as shown in figure. b) Using a wire connect trigger input to ground momentarily to trigger the circuit. Since T is high enough, you should be able to see the single pulse on the scope screen connected to the output. Try a few times until you see the whole pulse and measure the width. c) Compare this width (period) with the time period you calculated. d) Alternatively disconnect the output from the scope and connect to a series circuit consisting of an LED and a 150 ohm resistor. e) Using a wire connect trigger input to ground momentarily to trigger the circuit. You should observe LED blink for a short period of time set by the period. Alternatively disconnect the output from the scope and connect to a series circuit consisting of an LED and a 150 ohm resistor.

1. In monostable multivibrator, the output returns back to

stable state from quasi-stable state. 2. The left part of which shows how to generate negative a trigger pulse from a square wave signal.

Monostable Multivibrator 1. Configure the circuit as per the circuit diagram. 2. Use R1 = 1 k, RA = 2.7 k, RL = 1 k and CT = 1 F, CD = 0.047 F, C = 0.01 F. Using the power supply set VCC = 10 V. 3. Compute the expected value of pulse duration. 4. Apply a square wave input of frequency 1 kHz at terminal N of the circuit diagram. 5. Connect the output terminal (pin 3) to the oscilloscope. Also feed the voltage

across capacitor to channel 2. 6. Power on your circuit and observe the output. Determine the value of pulse duration from your observations and compare with the theoretical values. Save the data. 7. When you are done, turn off the power to your experimental circuit.

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Monostabel Triggering

To change the monostble multivibrator state from the stable to quasi-state the external trigger pulses are to be applied. In general the negative triggering has grater sensitivity, because here the negative pulse amplitude should be enough, so as to bring the operating point from saturation to active region. Secondly when the base emitter voltage of a junction changes from forward bias to reverse bias, its input impedance is continuously rising, which avoids the loading of the triggering source. It should be further noted that the monostable period is affected by this method. The positive pulse triggering has sensitivity, because to turn of the transistor from the OFF state, it is necessary to feed the excess stored charge in the base such that the amplitude of triggering pulse is enough and is derived from a low impedance source, which can supply a peak demand current to turn on.

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