Swedish College of Engineering and Technology Rahim Yar Khan

1 TEMPERATURE CONTROL BY PLC

TEMPERATURE CONTROL BY PLC
IT-5102
EXPERIMENT MANUAL





















Swedish College of Engineering and Technology Rahim Yar Khan
2 TEMPERATURE CONTROL BY PLC
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction03
Control loops..03
Energy balance...03
Scale of temperature..03
Ideal Gas scale...04
International temperature scale of 199004
Celsius scale..04
Experiment 1.05




















Swedish College of Engineering and Technology Rahim Yar Khan
3 TEMPERATURE CONTROL BY PLC
Temperature Control by PLC
Introduction
Temperature control is a process in which change of temperature of a space I measured or
otherwise detected, and passage of heat energy into or out of the space is adjusted to
achieve a desired average temperature.
Control Loops
A home thermostat is an example of closed control loop: it constantly assesses the current
room temperature and controls a heater and/or air conditioner to increase or decrease the
temperature according to user defined setting(s).
Energy Balance
An objects or spaces temperature increases when heat energy move into it, increasing the
average kinetic energy of its atoms, e.g. of things and air in the room. Heat energy leaving
an object or space lovers its temperature. Heat flows from one place to another (always
from a higher temperature to lower) by one or more of three processes: conduction,
convection and radiation. In conduction, energy is passed from one atom to another, by
direct contact. In convection, heat energy moves by conduction into some moveable fluids
(such as air or water) and the fluid moves from one place to another, carrying the heat into
it. In radiation the heated atoms make electromagnetic emission absorbed by remote other
atoms, whether nearby or at astronomical distance. For example, sun radiates heat as both
visible and invisible electromagnetic energy.
Scale of temperature
Scale of temperature is a way to measure temperature quantitatively.
According to zeroth law of thermodynamics, being in thermal equilibrium is an
equivalence relation. Thus all thermal system may be divided into a quotient set by this
equivalence relation, denoted below as M. assume that set M has the cardinality of c, than
one can construct an injective function f : MR, by which every thermal system will have
a number associated with it such that one and only when two thermal system have same
such value, they will be in thermal equilibrium.
The second law of thermodynamics provide a fundamental, natural definition of
thermodynamic temperature starting with a null point of absolute zero. A scale for
thermodynamic temperature is established similarly to the empirical temperature scales,
however, needing only one additional fixing point.
Empirical Scale
Empirical scales are based on the measurement of physical parameters that express the
property of interest to be measured through some formula, most commonly a simple linear,
functional relationship. For the measurement of temperature, the formal definition of

Swedish College of Engineering and Technology Rahim Yar Khan
4 TEMPERATURE CONTROL BY PLC
thermal equilibrium in terms of the thermodynamic coordinate spaces of thermodynamic
systems, expressed in the zeroth law of thermodynamics, provide the framework to
measure the temperature.
Ideal Gas Scale
When pressure approaches zero, all real gas will behave like ideal gas, that is, pV of a mole
of gas relying only on temperature. Therefore we can design a scale with pV as its
argument. Of course any bijective function will do, but for conveniences sake linear
function is best. Therefore we define it as
I =
1
nR
lim
p0
p I
International Temperature scale of 1990
ITS-90 is designed to present thermodynamic temperature scale (referencing absolute zero)
as closely as possible throughout its range. Many different thermometer designs are
required to cover the entire range. These include helium vapor pressure thermometers,
helium gas thermometers, standard platinum resistance thermometers (known as SPRTs,
PRTs or Platinum RTDs) and monochromatic radiation thermometers.
Celsius Scale
Celsius is a temperature scale that is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius
1701-1744) who developed a similar temperature scale two years before his death. The
degree Celsius can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to
indicate a temperature interval.













Swedish College of Engineering and Technology Rahim Yar Khan
5 TEMPERATURE CONTROL BY PLC
EXPERIMENT 1
There is need for engineers and technicians to be familiar with PLCs and to be able to program.
The need to be connected to a physical system and be programmed correctively if they are to
provide the quality of monitoring and control required.
The experience and skill to be able to achieve this can best be obtained through practical hands on
use of a PLC connected to a real system.
The object is to connect and program an external programmable logic controller to monitor and
control the Elevator system.
There are two types of temperature control in this module. Voltage; which gives voltage output
with respect to temperature and Current; which gives current output with respect to temperature.


Swedish College of Engineering and Technology Rahim Yar Khan
6 TEMPERATURE CONTROL BY PLC
Specifications:
Interface : 40 pin FRC cable needed with PLC.
Input pin voltage : Analog input when particular input is activated.
Output pin voltage : 12VDC when particular O/P is activated from PLC.
Power supply : From PLC trainer.
Pin Connections:






Note: Since Siemens PLC cannot take analog current as input therefore current
section cannot be control by PLC.
Working Procedure:
The ladder program given with this has to be first downloaded in the PLC (for downloading
procedure of ladder program please prefer operating manual of PLC trainer) and then run the
apparatus is connected with inputs and outputs of PLC through 40 pin FRC cable.
S/N MODULE PLC TRAINER
1 Heat of voltage section Q0.0
2 Fan of voltage section Q0.1
3 Analog output of voltage section A+
4 Heater of current section Q0.3
5 Fan of current section Q0.4
6 Analog output of current section NON