TEST 2 PART A

Surname Name

American Academy Larnaca Year 5 Physics

Semester 1 Unit P2 Topic 3 Topic 4 Test 2 Physics for your future Motions and forces Momentum, energy, work and power

Wednesday 21 November 2012 Part A Time: 20 minutes

The total marks for this part is 20. The total marks for the paper is 40. The marks for each question are shown in square brackets. Use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written communication will be assessed. You should take particular care with your spelling and grammar, as well as the clarity of expression, on these questions. Answer the questions in the spaces provided. There may be more space than you need.

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TEST 2 PART A FORMULAE You may find theses formulae useful charge = current time potential difference = current resistance electrical power = current potential difference energy transferred = current potential difference time Q=It V=IR P=IV E=IVt

force = mass acceleration weight = mass gravitational field strength momentum = mass velocity

F=ma W=mg p=mv

work done = force distance moved in the direction of the force

E=Fd

GPE = m g h

Do not forget to include units in all your answers.

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TEST 2 PART A _______________________________________________________________________________________ 1. (a) Physical quantities may be scalars or vectors. (i) Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the correct answer. [1 mark] Which of the quantities below is a vector? A B C D Distance Time Weight Work (ii) Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the correct answer. [1 mark] Which of the values below corresponds to velocity? A B C D 65 km/h 20 m/s to the East 15 m/s2 9 m/s2 to the North

(b)

A TV set of mass 15 kg is placed on a small table. Draw a free-body diagram for the TV set. Write in the magnitudes of the forces that you draw. [3 marks]

[Total for Question 1 = 5 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

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TEST 2 PART A _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. John is driving his car along the road. At some point he sees an emergency incident on the road and steps on the brakes. The graph below shows his speed during the final part of the trip.
15

Speed (m/s)

10

0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Time (sec)

(a)

(i)

Calculate the acceleration of the car between t = 0 and t = 5 sec. [2 marks]

A (ii) The car has a mass of 900 kg. At t = 0 sec the resistive forces on the car are equal to 1100 N. Calculate the forward force from the engine on the car at t = 0 sec.

[3 marks]

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TEST 2 PART A (b) (i) Use the graph to calculate the braking distance J . [2 marks]

B (ii)

The braking distance you calculated in (i) is actually larger than the accepted value for a car of 900 kg moving at 15 m/s. Give a reason why the braking distance for this car is larger than expected. [1 mark]

[Total for Question 2 = 8 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

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TEST 2 PART A _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. An aircraft needs to develop a certain speed in order to take-off. Its engines need to produce enough thrust to accelerate the aircraft to the desired speed.

(a)

The following sentence describes the action force by the engine. The aircraft exerts a force of 100 000 N backwards on the gases. Write a similar description for the reaction force. [1 mark]

(b)

The take-off speed for an aircraft is 70 m/s. It can develop an acceleration equal to 1.2 m/s2. Calculate the time needed for the aircraft to acquire its take-off speed. [2 marks]

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TEST 2 PART A * (c) The actual time needed to acquire the necessary speed is larger than the one you calculated in (b). By considering the forces acting on the aircraft explain why the time will be larger. Explain why, the aircraft cannot accelerate for ever, i.e. even at full thrust (maximum engine force), the aircraft will reach a maximum speed that it cannot exceed. [4 marks] [Total for Question 3 = 7 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL FOR PART A = 20 MARKS _______________________________________________________________________________________ END TOTAL FOR PAPER = 40 MARKS

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TEST 2 PART B
Surname Name

American Academy Larnaca Year 5 Physics

Semester 1 Unit P2 Topic 3 Topic 4 Test 1 Physics for your future Motions and forces Momentum, energy, work and power

Wednesday 21 November 2012 Part B Time: 20 minutes

The total marks for this part is 20. The total marks for the paper is 40. The marks for each question are shown in square brackets. Use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Questions labeled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written communication will be assessed. You should take particular care with your spelling and grammar, as well as the clarity of expression, on these questions. Answer the questions in the spaces provided. There may be more space than you need.

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TEST 2 PART B FORMULAE You may find theses formulae useful charge = current time potential difference = current resistance electrical power = current potential difference energy transferred = current potential difference time Q=It V=IR P=IV E=IVt

force = mass acceleration weight = mass gravitational field strength momentum = mass velocity

F=ma W=mg p=mv

work done = force distance moved in the direction of the force

E=Fd

GPE = m g h

Do not forget to include units in all your answers.

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TEST 2 PART B _______________________________________________________________________________________ 1. (a) Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the correct answer. [1 mark] In which of the situations described below is the resultant force not equal to zero? A B C D A bicycle moves forward at constant velocity A car moves backwards at constant speed in a straight line A motorcycle remains stationary An aircraft slows down after landing

(b)

Put a cross (

) in the box below to the correct answer.

[1 mark] Which of the graphs below shows the correct relationship between speed and kinetic energy?

kinetic energy

kinetic energy

kinetic energy

kinetic energy

speed

speed

speed

speed

(c)

During acceleration 250 000 J of chemical energy are transferred into kinetic energy. It takes 80 m for the car to accelerate. (i) S b . [1 mark]

(ii) C b 80 . [2 marks]

[Total for Question 1 = 5 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

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TEST 2 PART B _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Industrial hammers are used to drive metal piles (rods) into the earth for extra support.

hammer head

metal pile

They use a heavy hammer head that falls by gravity onto the pile.

1.5 m

The hammer head has a mass of 1.8 tonnes (1 tonne = 1 000 kg). It is raised by 1.5 m before dropping on the pile. (a) Calculate the increase in GPE when the hammer head is raised. [2 marks]

GP

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TEST 2 PART B (b) Calculate the speed with which the hammer head hits the pile. [2 marks]

(c)

State one assumption you have made in your calculations in (b). [1 mark]

(d)

The company is planning to produce a hammer with a hammer head that has twice the mass of this hammer head (i.e. 3.6 tonnes). The new hammer head will still drop from the same height of 1.5 m. Explain whether you expect the speed of the new hammer head to be smaller, the same or larger than the one you found in (b). [2 marks]

[Total for Question 2 = 7 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

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TEST 2 PART B _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Accidents can cost the lives of the passengers so safety measures are important in car manufacturing. (a) Two cars have a head on collision. Car A has a mass of 800 kg with a velocity of 6 m/s to the right. Car B has a mass of 900 kg with a velocity of 10 m/s to the left. After collision the two cars move together. mass = 900 kg speed = 10 m/s

mass = 800 kg speed = 6 m/s

common velocity = v

before collision

after collision [2 marks]

Calculate their common velocity (speed and direction) after collision.

S D (b)

In a crash test, a car of mass 1100 kg crashes onto a wall with a speed of 20 m/s and comes to a halt. The crash lasts for 0.8 sec. speed = 20 m/s t=0 speed = 0 t = 0.8 sec

Calculate the force on the car. [2 marks]

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TEST 2 PART B * (c) Name the feature that causes the collapse of the car during a collision. Name at least one more safety feature in the car and describe briefly what it does. Explain the physical principles behind these features that protect the driver during a crash. [4 marks]

[Total for Question 3 = 8 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL FOR PART B = 20 MARKS _______________________________________________________________________________________ END TOTAL FOR PAPER = 40 MARKS

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TEST 2 MARK SCHEME PART A MARK SCHEME PART A p. 3 1. (a) (i) (ii) (b) C [1 mark] B [1 mark]

Calculating Weight W = m g = 15 10 formula &/V substitution [1/2 mark] W = 150 N calculation & unit [1/2 mark] 150 N Value for Normal Reaction [1/2 mark] 150 N Vertical arrow for Normal vector [1/2 mark] Same size as Weight (by eye) [1/2 mark] Vertical arrow for Weight vector [1/2 mark]

Accept unit anywhere in diagram if missing in Weight answer Ignore absence of unit in diagram if present in Weight answer Ignore absence of calculation for Weight if value present on diagram

p. 4 & 5 2. (a) (i) Indication of using gradient (e.g. triangle on graph etc.) [1/2 mark] OR a = (v u) / t using formula [1/2 mark] a = (15 5) / 5 substitution [1/2 mark] award [1 mark] for correct substitution even if first step wrong or missing a = 2 m/s2 calculation [1/2 mark] unit [1/2 mark] FResult = m a = 900 2 formula &/V substitution (ecf from (i)) [1 mark] FResult = 1800 (N) calculation [1/2 mark] FResult = FForw FResist => 1800 = FForw 1100 formula &/V substitution (ecf) [1/2 mark] FForw = 1800 + 1100 rearrangement [1/2 mark] FForw = 2900 (N) calculation [1/2 mark] Indication of calculating area [1/2 mark] of correct triangle [1/2 mark] Area = (base height) / 2 = (5 15) / 2 formula &/V substitution [1/2 mark] Area = Distance = 37.5 calculation & unit [1/2 mark] Any factor affecting the car from [1 mark] Condition of tyres / brakes (or similar) Road condition (rain / ice / gravel / oil spills etc.) (or similar) Aerodynamic car (or similar)

(ii)

(b)

(i)

(ii)

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TEST 2 MARK SCHEME PART A p. 6 & 7 3. (a) The gases exert a force of 100 000 N forward on the aircraft gases & aircraft [1/2 mark] 100 000 N (accept equal) & forward (accept opposite) [1/2 mark] a = (v u) / t => 1.2 = (70 0) / t formula &/V substitution [1/2 mark] t = 70 / 1.2 rearrangement [1/2 mark] I = 58.3 s = 58 s calculation [1/2 mark] unit [1/2 mark] There are resistive forces Resultant force smaller => acceleration smaller => time increases One of the resistive forces = Air resistance As speed increases => Air resistance increases Until Forward thrust = Resistive forces => a = 0 => v = const Level Marks 1 1 2 Mentions resistive forces, perhaps names friction or air resistance Mentions balance of forces at terminal velocity 2 3 4 Mentions air resistance as a resistive force Identifies dependence of air resistance on speed Refers to balanced forces and a = 0 at terminal velocity

(b)

* (c)

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TEST 2 MARK SCHEME PART B MARK SCHEME PART B p. 3 1. (a) (b) (c) D [1 mark] B [1 mark] (i) (ii) 250 000 (J) (ignore absence of unit) [1 mark] Work = F s => 250000 = F 80 formula &/V substitution [1/2 mark] F = 250000 / 80 rearrangement [1/2 mark] F = 3125 N calculation [1/2 mark] unit [1/2 mark]

p. 4 & 5 2. (a) m = 1.8 1000 = 1800 kg conversion [1/2 mark] GPE = m g h = 1800 10 1.5 formula &/V substitution [1/2 mark] GPE = 27 000 J calculation [1/2 mark] unit [1/2 mark] KE = (1/2) m v2 => 27000 = (1/2) 1800 v2 formula &/V substitution [1/2 mark] v2 = 2 27000 / 1800 rearrangement [1/2 mark] v2 = 30 => v = (30) = 5.48 m/s = 5.5 m/s = 6 m/s calculation [1/2 mark] unit [1/2 mark] Any one from [1 mark] No energy losses (in the form of heat / sound etc.) Energy is conserved / Law of Conservation of Energy All GPE converted to KE (or similar) Same [1 mark] AND Any one from [1 mark] Mass cancels out in calculations All objects fall freely with the same acceleration etc.

(b)

(c)

(d)

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TEST 2 MARK SCHEME PART B p. 6 & 7 3. (a) mA uA + mB uB = (mA + mB) v > 800 6 + 900 0 700 v formula &/V substitution [1 mark] award only [1/2 mark] if both velocities have the same sign v 4 00 / 700 .47 / calculation [1/2 mark] sign / left (as direction) [1/2 mark] allow ecf in direction F = (m v m u) / t formula [1/2 mark] F = (1100 20 0) / 0.8 substitution [1/2 mark] F = 27 500 N calculation [1/2 mark] unit [1/2 mark] Feature = Crumple zones Additional feature = air bags / safety belts Increase time of impact / to come to a halt Resultant force decreases Level Marks 1 1 2 Refers to at least two of the following Mentions crumple zones Mentions at least one of the additional features May refer to safety features b b / 2 3 4 Relates at least three of the following Refers to a larger impact time May quote formula or refer to part (b) Refers to relationship between time and force Refers to how safety features affect impact time

(b)

* (c)

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