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Marketing:
Targeting Consumers in a
Diverse Media Landscape
Local Search Study — Media Usage Trends
White Paper General Findings
September 2009
Not only do consumers have more media choices than ever, they are finding ways to block
out marketing messages and can selectively control how they receive your advertising. This
means that empowered consumers today are seeking out relevant business information
when they need it or, more importantly, when they are ready to buy. This is causing
marketers to change their approach of outbound marketing, or the process of reaching out
to unsolicited audiences — often via mass advertising — with the hope of resonating with a
few people. The focus today is shifting heavily toward consumer searches. Rather than take
costly chances by marketing to uninterested consumers, companies are adopting marketing
strategies that help them get found by searching consumers who have highly relevant,
product- or service-specific needs. Marketers use consumer-initiated media channels to
provide consumers with the information or direction they need — at the critical moment of
purchase selection — to perform specific actions such as contact local businesses or make
purchase decisions. The power has shifted to consumers, who now have the freedom to seek
out businesses on their terms and through the media channels they feel most comfortable
using.
This marketing shift has created a booming, constantly evolving industry of consumer
search among print, online and mobile platforms. In fact, total U.S. searches grew by 31
percent across all platforms between June 2008 and June 2009 (21.9 billion total searches
in June 2009), spurred primarily by a growing base of 202 million searchers. But as
consumers migrate to the Internet and other digital communication platforms, media usage
is constantly changing, often leaving traditional methods in the wake of innovation. The
good news for marketers is that consumers are searching for business information, but the
question is, “How are they searching?”
To help you arrive upon the best ways of getting found, we analyzed the latest media trends
and developments so you can better understand the constantly evolving search landscape
and its effects on consumer behavior. Our study findings provide the data necessary to help
you develop search marketing strategies that apply a better use of a balanced, integrated
media mix for connecting with your target audience across multiple platforms. As soon
as you understand consumer media selection, you can begin to more effectively engage
potential customers, yield measurable results, and meet your specific advertising and
marketing objectives of growing your brand awareness and sales.
Survey Results
Survey results were collected in Q2 and Q3 of 2009. All behavioral data is from Q2 2009,
while our survey was fielded and completed in July 2009. For survey purposes, local
business search is defined as follows: “Local business information includes details such
as the business name, phone number, address, hours of operation, specials, promotions,
products carried, payment types accepted, etc.”
Surveys were administered to actual online users of local business search platforms.
Our survey sample was based on comScore’s proprietary panel of two million online
consumers. Panelists were e-mailed an invitation to participate in the survey, which required
approximately 15 minutes to complete. Survey results are based on 4,000 completed
responses, which we collected and grouped into three major site categories (see Table 1).
IYP: Internet Yellow Pages (+/-2.8) Local Search Sites (+/-2.9) General Search Sites (+/-2.4)
Superpages Google Local/Maps Google
YELLOWPAGES Yahoo! Local Yahoo!
DexKnows MSN Local (Live.com/Bing) Bing
Yellowbook Citysearch AOL
Local.com Ask
City.Ask.com/Maps.Ask.com
MapQuest
Margin of error: all respondents (+/-1.6).
*These three groups, which are referenced throughout our study, have been identified to show that consumers search
differently online, depending on their search needs.
Table 1. Local Search Site Categorization.
»» Yellow Pages usage may be down by three percent, but Internet Yellow Pages (IYP)
are experiencing significant growth, perhaps a spillover effect from loyal print Yellow
Pages users transitioning to digital. For example, Yellowbook Network increased
its share of IYP/local searches by six points compared to 2008. This shows that
consumers are still using the Yellow Pages, just in different ways.
»» Google, which started as a general search site, has developed applications that have
overtaken online business directories in both IYP/local and local portal searches, with
market shares of 26 and 45 percent respectively. In fact, IYP and local sites split share
of IYP/local searches, with local searches growing from 40 to 51 percent over 2008,
attributed mostly to Google Maps’ growth.
While a sizeable portion of local business searchers use print as their second-most
referenced source, offline media continued to decrease in popularity compared to last year.
Despite popularity, usage of print directories remains consistent among those people who
do own Yellow Pages. In fact, of print directory owners, many had multiple directories in
their homes for the purpose of covering different geographic regions. Furthermore, nine out
of 10 print directory users believe that the Yellow Pages are a valuable source of shopping
information.
Our study also revealed that search engines comprise a significant portion of search traffic
for local business information, although the percentage remains unchanged from 31 percent
in 2008. On the other hand, local search sites have grown by one percentage point over
last year’s 11 percent, and IYP sites have increased in usage from 19 percent in 2008 to 21
percent in 2009.
These numbers prove that while offline media is declining in popularity, online search is
a legitimate source of local business information. In fact, Google, Yahoo!, Ask and Bing
searches grew over the previous year, and even non-search engines such as Craigslist and
eBay show strong yearly growth from June 2008. But Yellow Pages providers are adapting to
the burgeoning sector of Internet solutions by implementing IYP. By adapting to the world of
online search, the Yellow Pages are proving to be a competitive and effective cross-platform
reference: IYP sites (21 percent) and print White/Yellow Pages (28 percent) combine for a
total of 49 percent of searches for local business information, not counting other printed
directories.
100%
13% 11% 12% Social networking sites
80% Cell phone/wireless device
17% 19% 21%
Directory assistance (phone)
Holding true to last year’s study, findings for 2009 show that online search is used earlier
in the purchase process, with four out of 10 consumers using it for research about the best
brands to buy. According to our results, 39 percent of respondents, compared to 42 percent
in 2008, rely on online search for research purposes to aid in purchase selection. Only 17
percent of consumers go offline to conduct research to help in the decision-making process,
yet this number is up by one percent over 2008.
Furthermore, our study once again indicates that offline search is used overwhelmingly when
brands have been researched and businesses that carry those brands have been identified.
In fact, 40 percent of consumers — down by just one percent from 2008 — engage in offline
search behavior to get information about the local businesses they have selected/identified
for completing their purchase transactions. Only 19 percent of consumers — the same as
2008 results — went online to find details about the identified businesses that carry the
brands they need.
Online Offline
100
19% 19%
25%
80 41% 40%
44%
17% 17%
21%
60
23%
25% 21% 18% Researching to help decide
18% which P/S will fulfill my needs.
22%
40 Looking for info about a
specific P/S that I have already
decided fulfills my needs.
23% 24%
23% Comparing businesses that
42% provide the P/S that I have
20 39% already researched/identified.
32% Looking for a particular business
from which to buy the P/S that
15% 16% 17%
I have already researched
and identified.
2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009
Table 3. Local Business Search Behavior.
View Table 4 to see how search engines and local search sites are used more frequently
on both a weekly and daily basis. As local search sites such as Google Maps continue to
increase in usage, particularly for driving directions, expect these numbers to grow over the
next year. And businesses should pay close attention to the trends in media usage toward
online social networking, as social media usage has changed to be an almost daily event.
Nearly 26 percent of our respondents use social media on a daily basis, 34 percent use it
weekly and only 24 percent less than once per week.
After asking study participants about their primary online search goals, we concluded that
consumers have expectations over the type of search results they will find when researching
brands and searching for business information. To meet their expectations, searchers are
likely to refer to certain sites to access specific information. In other words, consumers’
expectations shape the decision to use certain sites over others during the purchase cycle.
Online users reference IYP, local search and general search sites in different ways, plus they
expect different results when going to these search portals for ratings and reviews, hours
of operation, driving directions, phone numbers and more. According to our annual local
search study, one-third of IYP searchers visit with the primary goal of getting phone numbers
for businesses. Consumers also expect to find local business information such as addresses
and hours of operation (second and third, respectively) on IYP sites. In contrast, general
searchers are more likely than IYP searchers to conduct research about products or services
of interest. Local searchers (Google Maps, for example) are more likely than IYP searchers to
go to the sites specifically to get driving directions.
How consumers use these sites for local search is an interesting occurrence worth noting, as
our study findings show that, for the first time, general search market share leader Google
(more specifically, Google Maps) has leaped ahead of the major IYP and local search sites as
the local search category leader.
15%
Google (Maps)
So what is driving Google 26%
Maps’ growth? At quick 16%
Yahoo! (Local, Maps, YP)
glance, the growth of 17%
In its quest to become a one-stop resource, Google set out to change consumer behavior. In
early 2008, Google expanded its local business results, which typically appear when a geo-
designated search is conducted in the area at the top of the search page (commonly referred
to as the OneBox), from three local business listings to 10 listings. This change essentially
allowed Google’s local listings to dominate more real estate on the first page of search
results, while pushing all other results farther down the page.
If the aforementioned change did not ensure an increase in Google Maps traffic, the latest
change certainly sealed it. In March 2009, Google started using Internet Protocol (IP) geo
targeting to show local results for search queries that expressed local intent — even when
no geo designator was specified. In other words, Google Maps’ local business results are
now appearing for searches that do not specify exact locations. For example, the search
query “dentist in Seattle” on Google will show relevant, local Google Maps business results
on the search page. But when a user searches for a general term such as “dentist” without
specifying location (“dentist in Seattle”), Google’s 10 Pack now appears in the middle of
the results page. This development coincides with the surge in Google Maps traffic seen in
our latest report. Meanwhile, IYP sites are experiencing a decrease in organic clicks and an
increase in sponsored clicks, averaging to a steady number of clicks overall. With Google’s
recent change to include local information in results where local is implied and not stated
(for example, “pizza”), Google Maps has created new possibilities for local searchers and has
redefined how consumers use sites to meet their demands.
100% Other
6% 6% 5%
8%
Read ratings 9% 8%
12% and reviews
80% Get hours of 17%
9% operation 21%
for a business
31% 6%
Research
60% 21% products/services
14% 17%
Get driving
directions
Phone number
40% 21% 19% 19%
26%
Address/Location
These findings show that local search cannot be looked at as a one-size-fits-all strategy.
Consumers are becoming savvier searchers, and they know where to go for the information
they need. As a result, marketers need to ensure that their advertising strategies align with
consumer intent and expectations across the different search sites.
100%
2008 28%
40% 36%
80% 47%
General 54% 58% 51%
65% 70%
60% 80% 19%
Local 86% 91%
17% 23%
13%
40% 8%
IYP 19% 31%
11%
53%
20% 43% 41% 40% 38% 20%
8% 25% 23% 5%
18% 3%
0% 12% 11% 9% 6%
100%
2009 30% 31% 29%
80% 45%
60% 54% 58%
61% 66%
60% 76%
25% 31% 86%
95%
33% 46%
40% 13%
10% 8%
45% 20% 34%
20% 39% 33%
32% 29% 32% 19% 5% 25%
3%
14% 8% 4% 8% 2%
0%
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Our market study not only looks at the consumer search cycle and how consumers arrive
at the information they’re looking for, but it also analyzes the determining factors shoppers
consider when selecting the businesses to contact and/or make purchases. While consumer
search behavior and intent vary across the different types of online search platforms — IYP,
local and general sites — one factor remains consistent in shaping consumer purchase
selection: business location.
According to 2009 results, business location is the most important selection criterion
consumers consider when making a decision to contact or purchase at a specific business.
In addition to topping the list for consumer search criteria, business location consistently
ranks high across the three site categories, proving that consumers search online, but they
prefer to shop locally offline. Table 8 proves that consumers search with a local focus, with
an average of 35 percent choosing a business based on location across all search sites (the
greatest differential is only two percent when comparing each type of search site side by
side).
40%
36% 36%
35%
34%
35% All IYP Local General
32%
30% 30%
30%
26%
25%
20%
15%
12%
11% 11%
10%10%
9% 9%
10%
7%
6%
5% 5% 5%
4% 4% 4% 4%
5%
(+1) (+3) (+1) (0) (+2) (0) (+3) (+2) (0) (+1) (+1) (0) (-1) (-2) (-4) (0) (0) (+1) (-2) (0) (0) (+1) (0) (0)
Business(es) Most familiar First business in Consumer ratings/ Business(es) with Bolded/highlighted
location business(es) results list reviews YP print ads business(es)
As search continues to advance with technology and interactivity, consumers expect more
relevance in their searches. Among all local searchers, more consumers than last year expect
the businesses in their local search results to be within a closer proximity of their physical
location. In 2008, 36 percent of searchers were looking for businesses within six to 15 miles
of their home or place of work. According to 2009 results (see Table 9), 42 percent of users
want a business within that same distance.
The second factor that consumers weigh in the selection process is familiarity with the
business being considered. In fact, familiarity is more important to IYP searchers (32 percent)
than local searchers (26 percent). For a consecutive year, only 11 percent (average across
all three search site categories) of consumers select a business based on its placement
within search results, yet this selection criterion is a valuable and powerful factor when
attempting to reach local consumers. Although placement is not the top factor consumers
consider when selecting a business, the position of your listing often makes the difference
in attracting any consideration in the first place. Why? Approximately seven out of 10 search
engine users do not look past the first page of search results.
57%
proactively
interacting with
consumers to not 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Table 9. Importance of Consumer Reviews.
only build their
brand and brand awareness but also to monitor their brand perception. In the past 3 years,
consumer-generated ratings and reviews have continued to increase in importance among
consumers looking to make
purchase decisions.
As the online social media phenomenon continues to gain momentum, we stay at the
forefront of consumer-generated content by monitoring its usage and any recent trends or
developments that may affect the future of search marketing. We anticipate growth in the
usage of consumer ratings and reviews, which will continue to impact the consumer selection
process in the near future as such information becomes more conveniently accessible across
various search sites.
35% 32%
30% 27%
28%
27%
26%
25%
24% 24%
25% 22% 22% 22%
20%
16%
15%
2007
10% 2008
5% 2009
According to our 2009 study, younger generations (grouped into two categories: 18–24
and 25–34) are more likely to use interactive media such as cellular phones, mobile devices
(PDAs), Internet search engines such as Google and Yahoo!, as well as local search, IYP and
social networking sites. In a study of local business searchers, 71 percent of those using
social networking sites indicated they are more likely to make purchases after searching.
This has been helped by recent partnerships between social and local sites in an effort to
add relevance and geo targeting to the consumer search experience, a trend we expect to
continue well into the future. For example, consider the recent implementation of Facebook
Connect functionality on the Citysearch website, as well as a partnership between MySpace
Local and Citysearch. In terms of Facebook, visitors can easily switch from Citysearch to
Facebook and vice versa. This functionality has led to an increase in cross visitation that
can be attributed to site promotion by both platforms. In fact, the partnership has led to
a substantial increase in the number of Facebook users who visit Citysearch’s site, plus the
number of monthly visitors to both Citysearch and Facebook websites has increased by 67
percent since June 2008.
Meanwhile, older local business searchers tend to utilize offline channels, primarily print
Yellow/White Pages directories and other print directories. Zero percent of consumers, ages
55 or more, use social media as a primary source of local business information.
It appears that youthful consumers are more likely to adopt the diverse mix of digital media,
including online ratings and reviews, in their quest for local business information. As today’s
youth and seniors continue to age, the consumer search process and how consumers
access local business information will continue to shift heavily toward digital media. In the
meantime, digital marketers need to adopt a balanced, diverse media mix to reach intended
audiences, both young and old.
4% Via website
29% 6% Via website
71%
No No
54%
28%
Yes 15% Yes
Among local business searchers with Web-ready mobile devices, 32 percent conducted local
business searches from the mobile Internet, an 11 percent increase from 2008. Smartphone
owners are three times more likely to conduct this type of search.
80%
67%
70% 64% I have not conducted
a local business search 60%
60% 54%
from my mobile phone.
Across all the different search sites studied, the majority of consumers choose to contact
businesses offline via an in-person visit or phone call following their online searches.
According to our study, local business searchers in 2009 are more likely to visit businesses
in person and contact the businesses over the phone than they were in 2008. In fact, the
number of local search site users willing to make an in-store visit increased from 34 percent
in 2008 to 46 percent in 2009, representing the highest jump in post-search activity among
consumers. Another notable increase is among general search site users, as 33 percent
followed up their searches via the telephone in 2008 and improving to 44 percent in 2009.
The majority of local business searchers only contacted one business, while IYP users are
more likely than local and general users to contact at least one business.
60% 56%
50% 46%
44%
46%
38%
40% 37%
34% 34%
30% All
IYP
20% 14% 14%14%
15%
14%
12% 13%
12% Local
10%11% 11%
8%
10% 6% 7% 7% 6% General
Performed additional Performed additional Planned to contact Contacted Contacted business Visited the business
research offline research online business in the future business online owner over telephone (in-store visit)
While the Internet is the most satisfactory source of local business information among
consumers, traditional media and burgeoning mobile solutions hold relevance in today’s
search landscape, demonstrating the need for businesses to integrate cross-platform
strategies. Based on our findings, companies should allocate marketing dollars to the
distribution of different media channels because consumers today use a variety of sources
for local business information, sometimes several sources for single purchase decisions. As
both innovative and traditional sources continue competing for consumer search traffic,
businesses need to focus on developing a complete search presence. The idea is to diversify
your search marketing to help consumers find you, regardless of how they’re searching.
About Us
TMP Directional Marketing | 15miles
From the first Yellow Pages advertisement to comprehensive local search marketing
strategies, we are an experienced leader in the industry. In 1967, our agency was the first
to recognize the potential of Yellow Pages advertising. In the 1990s, we were the first to
develop interactive advertising solutions, due to our affiliation with Monster Worldwide.
Today, we are the largest local search agency, working in tandem with our interactive division
15miles to offer online, offline and mobile search solutions. Our clientele consists of top
national brands and more than 100 of the Fortune 500 companies, who rely on us to position
their brands at the forefront of consumer searches through print advertising, Internet Yellow
Pages listings, social media, and mobile and search engine marketing.
With headquarters in New York City and more than 15 offices in the United States and
Canada, we apply the advantage of national scope and the personalization of local
perspective to our integrated marketing campaigns. Over the years, we’ve built an industry,
understanding local search marketing better than any other agency.
comScore, Inc.
comScore, Inc. (NASDAQ: SCOR) is a global leader in measuring the digital world.
Its capabilities are based on a massive, global cross section of more than two million
consumers who have given comScore permission to confidentially capture their browsing
and transaction behavior, including online and offline purchasing. Panelists also participate
in survey research that captures and integrates their attitudes and intentions. Through
its proprietary technology, comScore measures what matters across a broad spectrum of
behavior and attitudes. Its analysts apply this deep knowledge of customers and competitors
to help clients design powerful marketing strategies and tactics that deliver superior returns
on investment. For more information, visit comscore.com.
Citation
When referencing this study, please cite as the following: “TMP Directional Marketing &
comScore Local Search Usage Study, Q2 2009.”
Contact
For more information on this study or our offline and interactive marketing services, please
contact us at 866-738-4127 or visit us online at tmpdm.com or 15miles.com.