Globalization and Transnational Crime

Camosa Roquelito C. Camosaroquelito@yahoo.com LEA-6 Comparati e !olice "ytem#Colle$e %& Criminal 'ustice "ancian$(o "treet#Cebu City )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) *ntroduction + Globalization is the process o& international inte$ration arisin$ &rom the interchan$e o& ,orld ie,s# products# ideas# and other aspects o& culture.Ad ances in transportation and telecommunications in&rastructure# includin$ the rise o& the tele$raph and its posterity the *nternet# are ma-or &actors in $lobalization# $eneratin$ &urther interdependence o& economic and cultural acti ities. Though scholars place the origins of globalization in modern times, others trace its history long before the European age of discovery and voyages to the New World. Some even trace the origins to the third millennium B E.!n the late "#th century and early $%th century, the connectedness of the world&s economies and cultures grew very 'uic(ly. The term globalization has been increasingly used since the mid)"#*%s and especially since the mid)"##%s. !n $%%%, the !nternational +onetary ,und -!+,. identified four basic aspects of globalization/ trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people, and the dissemination of (nowledge. ,urther, environmental challenges such as climate change, cross)boundary water, air pollution, and over)fishing of the ocean are lin(ed with globalization.0lobalizing processes affect and are affected by business and wor( organization, economics, socio)cultural resources, and the natural environment.0lobalization is the process by ,hich the e.perience o& e eryday li&e# mar(ed by the di&&usion o& commodities and ideas# is becomin$ standardized around the ,orld. /actors that ha e contributed to $lobalization include increasin$ly sophisticated communications and transportation technolo$ies and ser ices# mass mi$ration and the mo ement o& peoples# a le el o& economic acti ity that has out$ro,n national mar(ets throu$h industrial combinations and commercial $roupin$s that cross national &rontiers# and international a$reements that reduce the cost o& doin$ business in &orei$n countries. Globalization o&&ers hu$e potential pro&its to companies and nations but has been complicated by ,idely di&&erin$ e.pectations# standards o& li in$# cultures and alues# and le$al systems as ,ell as une.pected $lobal cause-and-e&&ect lin(a$es.

The concept o& 0transnational crime1# &rom a criminolo$ical perspecti e# ori$inates &rom the mid-2345s ,hen the 6nited 7ations used the term in order to identi&y certain criminal acti ities ,hich transcend national -urisdictions. *n 2338# the 6nited 7ations identi&ied ei$hteen cate$ories o& transnational 9 and mostly or$anized 9 criminality. Transnational crime ,as then de&ined as 0o&&ences ,hose inception# pre ention and:or direct or indirect e&&ects in ol ed more than one country.1 ;67 <oc. A.C%7/. 263:28:Add.2 ;2338==. The crimes listed included# amon$ others# money launderin$# terrorist acti ities# the&t o& art and cultural ob-ects# the&t o& intellectual property# illicit arms tra&&ic(in$# aircra&t hi-ac(in$# sea piracy# insurance &raud# computer crime# en ironmental crime# traffic(ing in persons# trade in human body parts# illicit dru$ tra&&ic(in$# &raudulent ban(ruptcy# in&iltration o& le$al business# corruption and bribery o& public or party o&&icials. Transnational crime has spread e.ponentially ,ith the de elopment o& $lobalization and it is only relati ely recent that some pro$ress has been made by states and international or$anizations in de elopin$ measures to combat this type o& criminality.The suppression o& cross-border criminal acti ity has become a ma-or $lobal concern. An Introduction to Transnational Criminal Law e.amines ho, states# actin$ to$ether# are respondin$ to these &orms o& criminality throu$h a combination o& international treaty obli$ations and national criminal la,s. >ultilateral ?suppression con entions? obli$e states parties to criminalize a broad ran$e o& acti ities includin$ dru$ tra&&ic(in$# terrorism# transnational or$anized crime# corruption# and money launderin$# and to pro ide &or di&&erent types o& international procedural cooperation li(e e.tradition and mutual le$al assistance in re$ard to these o&&ences. 6sually re$arded as a sub-set o& international criminal .

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