Welding Handbook

WELDING WIRE AND ELECTRODES
DIRECTORY
CERTIFICATIONS ......................................................................................................3 NICKEL ALLOY FILLER METAL .................................................................................5 Nickel and High Nickel Alloy Welding Wires ......................................................... 5 Recommended Welding Parameters............................................................... 8 Typical Chemical Composition ........................................................................ 8 Nickel and High Nickel Alloy Electrodes ............................................................... 9 Typical Electrode Sizes & Currents ............................................................... 12 Typical Chemical Composition ...................................................................... 12 Suggestions for Welding Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ...................................... 13 STAINLESS STEEL FILLER METAL ..........................................................................14 Stainless Steel Welding Wires ............................................................................ 14 Recommended Welding Parameters............................................................. 18 Typical Chemical Composition ...................................................................... 19 Stainless Steel Electrodes .................................................................................. 20 Typical Chemical Composition ...................................................................... 23 Typical Electrode Sizes & Currents ............................................................... 23 Suggestions for Welding Stainless Steels .......................................................... 24 LOW ALLOY STEEL FILLER METAL .........................................................................28 Low Alloy Steel Wires ......................................................................................... 28 Typical Chemical Composition ...................................................................... 30 Recommended Welding Parameters............................................................. 30 Suggestions for Welding Low Alloy Steels .......................................................... 31 PACKAGING OPTIONS ...........................................................................................32 TABLES AND CHARTS ............................................................................................33
www.techalloy.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products
WELDING WIRE AND ELECTRODES
WELDING WIRE
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory
QUALITY ITS WHAT WERE ALL ABOUT.

The company that is today known as Techalloy Welding Products was founded in 1919 and is devoted to the manufacture and sale of welding consumables for shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), submerged arc welding (SAW), tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) and gas metal arc welding (MIG). The product range consists of welding wires and coated electrodes in stainless steel, nickel and nickel-based alloys, special purpose types together with a number of low alloy steels. The original company, Reid Avery, stood for great craftsmanship and expertise. Since adopting the Techalloy name, a pledge has been made to continue the fine legacy established by Reid Avery and to pursue innovative product developments. As part of this effort, Techalloy became the first company in the United States to produce imprinted TIG rods, saving welders hours of wasted time with traditional tags. New production equipment and technological advancements in the last few years have focused on ensuring the manufacture of premium quality welding consumables. The company has received ISO 9001 and 14001 certification to complement its existing significant number of certifications and registrations.
www.techalloy.com / 1-800-638-1458 / 2007 / Techalloy Welding Products
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND
ELECTRODES
TECHALLOY AND CENTRAL WIRE GROUP
Techalloy is a member of the Central Wire Group, one of North Americas largest and most highly regarded drawers of specialty wire. This affords Techalloy significant advantages in terms of financial, technical, and operational resources on a global basis.
Techalloy produces its welding consumables in Baltimore, Maryland and Perth, Ontario, and supports its sales and marketing activities with strategically located warehouse locations throughout North America.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
Techalloy Welding Products sells all of its products subject to the Terms and Conditions of Sale which are issued by Techalloy Welding Products and are available for review upon request. These Terms and Conditions of Sale are incorporated for all purposes as if fully set forth in this handbook. There are no warranties whatsoever, whether written, oral, implied, express, or statutory, other than those specified in these Terms and Conditions of Sale. There is no warrant of merchantability of fitness for a particular purpose. The data contained in this handbook is intended for general information only, and not for specification purposes. Applications suggested for these alloys are made to permit you to make your own evaluation and decision, and are not to be construed as either express or implied warranties of fitness for these or other applications. All analyses should be considered as typical or average values, and are minimum or maximum only where indicated. They are not intended for specification purposes.
WELDING WIRE
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory
CERTIFICATIONS
Certifications are important to a company because they represent the hard work and diligence that has gone into creating a quality product. Certifications are important to you, the buyer, because they represent quality, dependability, and peace of mind.
TECHALLOY HOLDS CERTIFICATIONS OF ISO 9001, 14001 ASME Section III Certication American Bureau of Shipping Canadian Welding Bureau Military Qualied Products TUV (Germany) Brazil Welding Foundation (FTBS) DHV (Norway)
ISO 9001:14001 CERTIFIED
AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING

308 308L 309 309L 310 316 316L 347
CANADIAN WELDING BUREAU

308 308L 308LHS 309 309L 309LHS 310 312 316 316L 316LHS 317L 347 385 409CB 2209 625FE EN606 HC276 622 410NiMo Weld A 502 505 630 208 413 418 617 718 Techrod 112 Techrod 276 Techrod 122 Techrod 182
MILITARY QUALIFIED PRODUCT LIST

308 308L 309 309L 310 316 316L 347 410 307-15 308-15 308L-15 308-16 308L-16 308MOT-16 308MOT-15 309-15 309-16 310-15 310-16 316L-15 347-15 410-15 Techalloy 418 Techalloy 413 Techalloy 606 Techalloy 625 Tech-Rod 182 Tech-Rod 190
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND
ELECTRODES
CONTENTS
CERTIFICATIONS .............................................................................................................................3 NICKEL ALLOY FILLER METAL ........................................................................................................5 Nickel and High Nickel Alloy Welding Wires ........................................................................... 5 Recommended Welding Parameters................................................................................. 8 Typical Chemical Composition .......................................................................................... 8 Nickel and High Nickel Alloy Electrodes ................................................................................. 9 Typical Electrode Sizes & Currents ................................................................................. 12 Typical Chemical Composition ........................................................................................ 12 Suggestions for Welding Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ........................................................ 13 STAINLESS STEEL FILLER METAL .................................................................................................14 Stainless Steel Welding Wires .............................................................................................. 14 Recommended Welding Parameters............................................................................... 18 Typical Chemical Composition ........................................................................................ 19 Stainless Steel Electrodes .................................................................................................... 20 Typical Chemical Composition ........................................................................................ 23 Typical Electrode Sizes & Currents ................................................................................. 23 Suggestions for Welding Stainless Steels ............................................................................ 24 LOW ALLOY STEEL FILLER METAL ................................................................................................28 Low Alloy Steel Wires ........................................................................................................... 28 Typical Chemical Composition ........................................................................................ 30 Recommended Welding Parameters............................................................................... 30 Suggestions for Welding Low Alloy Steels ............................................................................ 31 PACKAGING OPTIONS ..................................................................................................................32 TABLES AND CHARTS ...................................................................................................................33
WELDING WIRE
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory
NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL ALLOY WELDING WIRES
PRODUCT
USES
Techalloy 55 is used for TIG and MIG welding of cast iron. This filler metal is extensively employed to overlay cast iron rolls. It is also used to repair castings. The weld metal of Techalloy 55 is harder than that of Techalloy 99. However, machining can be accomplished by using carbide tipped tools. A preheat and interpass temperature of 350F (175C) minimum is recommended during welding, without which the weld and heat affected zones could develop cracks.
TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WIRE

Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Nickel .05 .25 .15 43.6 55.9
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED)

Tensile Strength 89,500 PSI Yield Strength 62,000 PSI Elongation
TECHALLOY 55
No AWS Specification
620 MPA
430 MPA 35%
TECHALLOY 72
AWS A5.14 ERNiCr-4
High Chromium Nickel alloy used for joining, repair and overlay cladding of Ni-Cr and Ni-Fe-Cr components. Material is resistant to high temperature corrosion including fuel-ash corrosion and erosion in atmospheres containing sulpher. This material is primarily used for boiler tube overlay in coal fired boiler systems. Techalloy 99 is used for TIG and MIG welding of cast iron. This wire is extensively employed to repair gray iron casting. It can also be used for overlay and buildup. Dilution from the casting influences the mechanical properties of the metal. The welds are easily machinable. A preheat and interpass temperature of 350F (175C) minimum is recommended during welding.
Carbon Titanium Chromium Nickel
.03 0.50 43.6 Balance
Tensile Strength 107,000 PSI Elongation
740 MPA 30%
TECHALLOY 99
AWS A5.15 ERNiCl
Carbon Manganese Silicon Nickel
.05 .22 .05 99.6
460 MPA
250 MPA 40%
TECHALLOY 208
FM 61 AWS A5.14 ERNi-1
Techalloy 208 is used for TIG, MIG, and SAW welding of nickel 200 or 201. This filler metal is also employed for overlaying on steel as well as repairing cast iron castings. It can also be used for dissimilar joints between nickel or nickel alloys to stainless or ferritic steels. Techalloy 276 is used for welding of materials of similar chemical composition (UNS Number N10276), as well as dissimilar materials of nickel base alloys, steels and stainless steels. This wire also can be used for cladding steel with nickel-chromium-molybdenum weld metal. This alloy, due to its high molybdenum content, offers excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking, pitting, and crevice corrosion.
Carbon Manganese Silicon Aluminum Titanium Nickel Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Tungsten Vanadium Nickel Iron
.06 .30 .40 .5 3.0 95.5 .01 .55 .04 15.55 16.1 3.65 .15 Balance 5.5
460 MPA
260 MPA 28% 720 MPA
TECHALLOY 276
AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-4
560 MPA 40%
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND
ELECTRODES
PRODUCT
USES
Techalloy 413 is used for TIG, MIG, and oxyfuel welding of 70/30, 80/20 and 90/10 copper-nickel alloys. This filler metal can be used for MIG overlay on steel after a first layer with Nickel 208 (Filler Metal 61). Dissimilar-welding applications include joining copper-nickel alloys to Nickel 200 or nickel-copper alloys. Techalloy 418 is used for TIG or MIG welding of nickel copper alloys (ASTM B127, B163, B164, and B165 UNS Number N04400). This filler metal can be used for MIG overlay on steel after a first layer with nickel 208 (Filler Metal 61). Dissimilar welding applications include joining nickel-copper alloys to Nickel 200 copper-nickel alloys. Techalloy 606 is used for TIG, MIG and SAW welding of base metals such as ASTM B163, B166, B167 and B168 alloys which have UNS Number N06600. It is one of the most used nickel alloys whose applications range from cryogenic to high temperatures. This filler metal can also be used for dissimilar welding applications between various nickel alloys and stainless or carbon steels, as well as for overlaying. Techalloy 617 is used for TIG, MIG, and SAW welding of nickel-chrome-cobalt-molybdenum alloys as well as between themselves and dissimilar metals, such as stainless, carbon or low alloy steels. This filler wire also can be used to overlay welding where similar chemical composition is desired. The weld metal provides optimum strength and oxidation resistance from 1500F (815C) up to 2100F (1150C).

Nickel Manganese Silicon Iron Titanium Copper Carbon Manganese Silicon Titanium Nickel Copper 31.0 .75 .10 .55 .35 Balance .05 3.45 .77 2.25 65.2 Balance

Tensile Strength 53,000 PSI Yield Strength 21,000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 76,500 PSI Yield Strength 52,500 PSI Elongation
TECHALLOY 413
FM 67 AWS A5.7 ERCuNi
360 MPA
140 MPA 32% 530 MPA
TECHALLOY 418
FM 60 AWS A5.14 ERNiCu-7
360 MPA 34% 590 MPA
TECHALLOY 606
FM 82 AWS A5.14 ERNiCr-3
Carbon .03 Manganese 2.85 Silicon .22 Chromium 20.4 Columbium + Tantalum 2.5 Nickel 72.9
360 MPA 38%
TECHALLOY 617
AWS A5.14 ERNiCrCoMo-1
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Cobalt Molybdenum Aluminum Titanium Nickel Carbon Manganese Iron Chromium Molybdenum Tungsten Nickel
.06 .20 .11 21.8 12.45 9.05 1.25 .25 Balance .008 .20 3.1 21.5 13.5 3.5 Balance
770 MPA
610 MPA 28%
TECHALLOY 622
Techalloy 622 is an alloy of nickel with chromium, molybdenum and tungsten as principal alloying elements. It is used to weld alloys of similar composition as well as dissimilar joints between nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys and stainless or carbon or low alloy steels. It can also be used for cladded overlay as well as spraying applications. Techalloy 622 offers excellent corrosion resistance in oxidizing as well as reducing media in a wide variety of chemical process environments. It offers an outstanding resistance to stress corrosion cracking, pitting, and crevice corrosion.
790 MPA
570 MPA 38%
WELDING WIRE
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory
PRODUCT
USES
Techalloy 625 is used for TIG, MIG, and SAW welding of nickel-chrome-molybdenum alloys. This filler metal is very versatile in its applications. It can be used for welding of dissimilar joints between nickel-chrome-molybdenum alloys and stainless or carbon or low alloy steels. It can also be used for cladding as well as for spraying applications. Techalloy 625 with low iron (less than 0.8%) is preferred in various applications where dilution of iron must be controlled to the minimum. The high alloy content of Techalloy 625 enables it to withstand highly corrosive environments. The combination of nickel and chromium provides the resistance to oxidizing conditions and the combination of nickel and molybdenum provides resistance to reducing conditions. Due to its molybdenum content, this alloy offers resistance to stress corrosion cracking, pitting, and crevice corrosion. Techalloy 625HWT is engineered to work with the standard Gas Tungsten Arc process with an AC power source to preheat the welding wire before introduction to the GTA heat source. This enables automated systems with continuous wire feed to achieve a high quality, high deposition rate overlay.

Carbon .009 Manganese .05 Silicon .12 Chromium 21.9 Molybdenum 8.65 Columbium + Tantalum 3.7 Nickel Balance Iron .62

Tensile Strength 114,500 Yield Strength 85,000 PSI Elongation
TECHALLOY 625/ 625HWT

790 MPA
590 MPA 27%
TECHALLOY 625 FCA

AWS A5.34 ENiCrMo3T1
Techalloy 625FCA is a gas shielded, all position flux cored wire that provides a final weld chemistry equivalent to the compostion requirements of AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMoT-3 solid wire. Used for dissimilar welding of NiCrMo Alloys to Steel, for surfacing Carbon & Low Alloy Steels, and for joining Ni-Cr-Mo alloys. Techalloy 718 is used for TIG welding alloys 718, 706, and X-750. It is mainly used for welding high-strength aircraft components, and liquid rocket components involving cryogenic temperatures. This alloy can be age hardened to higher strengths.
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Columbium Molybdenum Nickel
.04 .35 .30 21.5 3.5 9.0 59
Tensile Strength 110 PSI Yield Strength 80 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 125,000 PSI Yield Strength 91,000 PSI Elongation
786 MPA
550 MPA 30% 860 MPA
TECHALLOY 718
AWS A5.14 ERNiFeCr-2
Carbon .04 Manganese .25 Silicon .2 Chromium 19.0 Molybdenum 3.1 Columbium + Tantalum 5.05 Titanium .9 Aluminum .4 Nickel Balance Iron 17.55 Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Chromium Molybdenum Copper Nickel Titanium .01 .45 .25 29.0 21.5 3.1 2.0 42.6 1.0
630 MPA 27%
TECHALLOY 825
AWS A5.14 ERNiFeCr-1
Techalloy 825 is used for TIG, MIG, and SAW welding of nickel-iron-chromium-molybdenum-copper alloys. This can also be used to overlay cladding where similar chemical composition is required.
610 MPA
420 MPA 34%
Techalloy is a registered trademark of Techalloy Welding Products
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND
ELECTRODES
RECOMMENDED WELDING PARAMETERS FOR TIG, MIG, & SAW WELDING OF NICKEL ALLOYS
Process
TIG
Diameter of Wire
.035 inches .045 inches 1/16 inches 3/32 inches 1/8 inches (0.9 mm) (1.2 mm) (1.6 mm) (2.4 mm) (3.2 mm) (0.9 mm) (1.2 mm) (1.6 mm) (2.4 mm) (3.2 mm) (4.0 mm)
Voltage (V)
12-15 13-16 14-18 15-20 15-20 26-29 28-32 29-33 28-30 29-32 30-33
Amperage (A)
60-90 80-110 90-130 120-175 150-220 150-190 180-220 200-250 275-350 350-450 400-550
Gas
100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 75% Argon + 25% Helium 75% Argon + 25% Helium 75% Argon + 25% Helium Suitable Flux may be used Suitable Flux may be used Suitable Flux may be used
MIG
.035 inches .045 inches 1/16 inches
SAW
3/32 inches 1/8 inches 5/32 inches
TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL WIRES

Product
Techalloy 55 Techalloy 72 Techalloy 99 Techalloy 208 (FM 61) Techalloy 276 Techalloy 413 (FM 67) Techalloy 418 (FM 60) Techalloy 606 (FM 82)
Specication AWS A5.14

None ERNiCr-4 ERNiCl (AWS A5.15) ERNi-1 ERNiCrMo-4 ERCuNi (AWS A5.7) ERNiCu-7 ERNiCr-3
C
.05 .03 .05 .06 .01
Mn
Si
Fe
Cr
Mo
Ni
55.9
Cb +Ta
Al
Ti
Cu
.25 .15 43.6 43.6 .22 .05 .30 .40 .55 .04 .75 .10 .10 5.5 .55 .40 1.1 20.4 9.05 13.5 15.55 16.10
Bal 99.6 95.5 BAL 31.0 65.2 72.9 BAL BAL 3.7 3.5 5.05 3.5 2.5 .003 .008 3.65 .002 .009 .006 .002 .009 .001 .003 .001 .005 1.25 .002 .005 .002 .006 .015 .020 .004 .001 .001 .015 .40 .10 .17 .1 .5
0.50
3.00
0.02
.35 2.25
BAL BAL
.05 .03 .06 .008 .009 .04 .04 .01
3.45 .77 2.85 .22 .20 .11 .20 .04 .05 .12 .35 .30
Techalloy 617 (FM 617) ERNiCrCoMo-1 Techalloy 622 Techalloy 625/625HWT (FM 625) Techalloy 625FCA* ERNiCrMo-10 ERNiCrMo-3 ENiCrMo3T1
.75 21.8 3.1 21.5
.25
12.45 Co
.62 21.9 .62 21.5
8.65 64.5 9.0 59
.19
Techalloy 718 (FM 718) ERNiFeCr-2 Techalloy 825 (FM 65) ERNiFeCr-1
.25 .20 17.55 19.0 .45 .25 29.0 21.5
3.10 53.3 3.1 42.6
.90 1.0 2.0
*Specification: AWS A5.34
WELDING WIRE
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory
NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL ALLOY ELECTRODES

Techalloys extensive line of nickel alloy coated electrodes blends weld-appeal with proper metallurgy for optimum performance.
PRODUCT
USES
Tech-Rod 55 is used for welding of cast irons to themselves as well as for joining cast irons to mild steels. It is also employed for the repair of castings. The welds are moderately hard and require carbide tipped tools for machining. A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 350F (175C) is required during welding. Tech-Rod 99 is designed for welding of gray iron castings to themselves as well as joining them to mild steels or stainless steels. It is also used extensively to repair castings. The welds are quite machinable. A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 350F is recommended during welding. Tech-Rod 112 is a covered electrode which is used to weld nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys. It is also used extensively in overlay cladding where similar chemical composition is required on the clad side. Its applications include dissimilar joints between nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys to either stainless steels, carbon, or low alloy steels. These electrodes are used in applications where the temperature ranges from cryogenic up to 1800F.
TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE DEPOSIT

Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Copper Nickel Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Copper Nickel .9 .74 2.09 40.2 1.9 54.5 .85 .25 1.73 4.2 1.45 91.50

TECH-ROD 55
AWS A5.15 ENiFe-Cl
580 MPA
410 MPA 8% 500 MPA
TECH-ROD 99
AWS A5.15 ENi-Cl
390 MPA 5% 790 MPA
TECH-ROD 112
AWS A5.11 ENiCrMo-3
Carbon .03 Manganese .35 Silicon .34 Iron 1.5 Chromium 21.5 Molybdenum 9.2 Columbium + Tantalum 3.55 Nickel Balance
620 MPA 34%
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND
E L E C T R O D E S 10
PRODUCT
USES
Tech-Rod 117 is a covered electrode which is used for welding of nickel-chromium-cobaltmolybdenum alloys (UNS number N06617). This electrode can also be used for overlay cladding where similar alloy is required. Weld metal provides optimum strength and oxidation resistance above 1500F up to 2100F, especially when welding on base metals of nickel-iron-chromium alloys.

Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Chromium Molybdenum Cobalt Aluminum Nickel .06 .45 .35 1.5 21.65 8.8 11.85 .65 Balance

Tensile Strength 110,000 PSI Yield Strength 87,000 PSI Elongation Impact Strength 600 ft. lbs. at Room Temperature Tensile Strength 114,000 PSI Yield Strength 78,500 PSI Elongation Impact Strength 60 ft. lbs at Room Temperature 790 MPA
TECH-ROD 117
AWS A5.11 ENiCrCoMo-1
760 MPA
600 MPA 26%
TECH-ROD 122
AWS A5.11 ENiCrMo-10
Tech-Rod 122 electrodes are used for welding of nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys as well as for overlay cladding on carbon, low alloy, or stainless steels. They are also used for dissimilar joints between nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys and stainless, carbon, or low alloy steels. Typical specifications for the nickel-chromium-molybdenum base metals are ASTM, F574, B619, B622, and B626 all of which have UNS Number N06022. Tech-Rod 122 offers excellent corrosion resistance in oxidizing as well as reducing media in a wide variety of chemical process environments. It offers an outstanding resistance to stress corrosion cracking, pitting, and crevice corrosion. Tech-Rod 135 is a covered electrode which is used for nickel-iron-chromium-molybdenum-copper alloys. This can also be used for overlay cladding where similar chemical composition is required.
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Tungsten Nickel Iron
.014 .35 .16 21.2 13.1 3.3 Balance 3.9
540 MPA 36%
TECH-ROD 135
No AWS Specification
Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Chromium Molybdenum Copper Nickel Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Titanium Nickel
.02 2.1 .40 27.4 29.3 3.2 1.8 35.2 .04 .45 .50 .35 1.05 97.6
600 MPA
490 MPA 33%
TECH-ROD 141
AWS A5.11 ENi-1
Tech-Rod 141 is used for welding of cast and wrought forms of commercially pure nickel. These electrodes can also be used for surfacing as well as dissimilar welding between nickel and steel or stainless steel.
500 MPA
400 MPA 26% 580 MPA
TECH-ROD 182
AWS A5.11 ENiCrFe-3
Tech-Rod 182 electrodes are used for welding of nickel-chromium-iron alloys to themselves, and for dissimilar welding between nickel-chromium-iron alloys and steels or stainless steels. The applications include surfacing as well as clad-side welding. High manganese of this weld deposit reduces the possibility of micro fissures. High manganese reduces creep strength, which limits its usage up to 900F.
Carbon .03 Manganese 6.5 Silicon .42 Iron 7.4 Chromium 15.25 Columbium + Tantalum 1.75 Nickel 68.60
370 MPA 36%
11 W E L D I N G W I R E
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory
PRODUCT
USES
Tech-Rod 187 is a copper-nickel, all-position electrode for shielded metal arc welding of wrought or cast alloys of similar composition as well as 80 Cu + 20 Ni and 90 Cu + 10 Ni alloys. It is also used for the clad side of copper-nickel clad steels. This filler metal is widely used in marine applications because of its good resistance to the corrosive elements of sea water. Tech-Rod 190 is used for welding materials of nickel-copper-alloys to themselves (such as ASTM, B127, B163, B164, B165 all of which have UNS Number N04400). They also can be used for overlay welding as well as for welding of clad steels where nickel-copper surfacing is required. Dissimilar welding applications including joining nickel 200 and copper-nickel alloys. Tech-Rod 276 is used for welding materials of similar composition. This low carbon nickelchromium-molybdenum filler metal can also be used for dissimilar welding between nickel base alloys and stainless steels, as well as for surfacing and cladding. Due to high molybdenum content this alloy offers excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking and pitting and crevice corrosion.

Nickel Manganese Silicon Iron Titanium Copper 30.5 1.8 .35 .62 .2 Balance

TECH-ROD 187
AWS A5.6 ECuNi
380 MPA
260 MPA 28%
TECH-ROD 190
AWS A5.11 ENiCu-7
Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Titanium Copper Nickel Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Molybdenum Tungsten Chromium Nickel
.03 3.2 .9 .95 .65 28.2 67.6 .015 .4 .14 5.5 16.1 3.25 15.5 59.1
520 MPA
360 MPA 39%
TECH-ROD 276
AWS A5.11 ENiCrMo-4
730 MPA
540 MPA 39%
TECH-ROD WELD A
AWS A5.11 ENiCrFe-2
Tech-Rod Weld A electrodes are used for welding of nickel-chromium-iron alloys to themselves as well as for dissimilar welding between various nickel alloys and carbon or stainless steels. These electrodes can also be used for overlay cladding where similar alloy is needed. These electrodes have wide applications ranging from cryogenic temperatures up to 1500F.
Carbon .04 Manganese 1.75 Silicon .32 Chromium 15.5 Molybdenum 1.5 Columbium + Tantalum 1.25 Iron 8.5 Nickel 71.15
610 MPA
500 MPA 36%
Techalloy , Tech-Rod is a registered trademark of Techalloy Welding Products.
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND
TYPICAL ELECTRODE SIZES & CURRENTS FOR SMAW WELDING OF NICKEL ALLOYS
Amperage (A) Process
SMAW
Diameter of Wire
3/32 inches 1/8 inches 5/32 inches 3/16 inches (2.4 mm) (3.2 mm) (4.0 mm) (4.8 mm)
Voltage (V)
24-28 26-30 28-32 28-32
Flat
70-85 85-110 110-140 120-160
Vertical & Overhead

65-75 80-90 100-120 110-130
TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL COVERED ELECTRODES

Product
Tech-Rod 55 Tech-Rod 99 Tech-Rod 112 Tech-Rod 117 Tech-Rod 122 Tech Rod 135 Tech-Rod 141 Tech-Rod182 Tech-Rod 187 Tech-Rod 190 Tech-Rod 276
Specication AWS A5.11
Mn
.74 .25 .35 .45 .35 2.1 .45 6.50 1.80
Si
Fe
Cr
Mo
Ni
54.5 91.5
Cb +Ta
S
.006 .005 .005 .005
P
.012 .015 .009 .012 .012 .009 .01 .012 .009 .009 .012 .009
Ti
Al
Other
1.9 Cu 1.45 Cu
ENiFe-Cl (AWS A5.15) .9 ENiCl (AWS A5.15) ENiCrMo-3 ENiCrCoMo-1 ENiCrMo-10 None ENi-1 ENiCrFe-3 ECuNi (AWS A5.6) ENiCu-7 ENiCrMo-4 .03 .015 .04 .85 .03 .06 .014 .02 .04 .03
2.09 40.2 1.73 .34 .35 .16 4.2 1.50 21.5 1.50 21.65 9.20 8.80
63.15 3.55 BAL BAL 35.2 97.6
.09 .10
.10 .65 11.85 Co
3.90 21.20 13.1 29.3 3.20
3.30 .005 .005 .005 1.75 .007 .004 .006 3.25 .004 .006
.40 27.4 .50 .42 .35 .90 .14 .32 .35 7.4 .62 .95 5.5
1.8 Cu 1.05
15.25
68.6 30.5 67.6
.20 .65 .05
Bal Cu 28.2 Cu
3.20 .40 1.75
15.50 16.10 1.50
59.1 71.15 1.25
Tech-Rod WELD A ENiCrFe-2
8.50 15.50
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory
SUGGESTIONS FOR WELDING NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL ALLOYS

Nickel and High Nickel Alloys are used in fabrication of equipment which has to withstand highly corrosive environments. Often the corrosion is enhanced by the operating conditions of high pressure and temperature. Various high nickel alloys are developed and are being developed to meet these demanding conditions. In some cases the mild and low alloy steel equipment and vessels are clad by nickel alloys to combat corrosion. Techalloy Welding Products manufactures nickel and nickel alloy welding consumables for TIG, MIG, SAW and SMAW processes. The products and process parameters are provided in the tables on pages 8 and 12 for easy reference. Welding of nickel is different from welding other metals and alloys. Two characteristics contribute to this difference: Nickel could form a tenacious viscous oxide during welding which restricts the wettability and flow of the weld metal. Nickel is highly susceptible to embrittlement by sulfur, phosphorus, lead and other lowmelting substances. The weld metal flow problem can be reduced by: Selecting an appropriate joint design. Choosing the correct type of gas and gas flow rate to ensure proper protection from atmospheric oxygen. Clean welding consumables which do not contain any lubricants or oxides or contaminants. Selecting a superior formulated covered electrode to ensure proper flow and cleanliness. The weld area on both sides of the weld joint must be lightly ground to remove oxide from the surface. Interpass cleaning is essential to ensure complete slag removal as well as fusion between the weld beads. Weld joint designs used for nickel alloy welding should be different from those used for welding steels. The sluggish nature of the weld metal calls for more open joint, which will provide better accessibility to the welder. Another characteristic of nickel alloy weld metal is the lower penetration. This necessitates the use of a smaller land at the root of the joint. For joining tubes and pipes, they should be purged and filled with inert gas before welding to avoid oxidation at the root. For manual welding, appropriate current ranges should be used to avoid overheating. Overheating of the electrode could result in loss of deoxidizers and breakdown of the binder of the flux, leading to defective welding. MIG welding calls for helium additions to argon to improve the wetting of the weld metal. For TIG welding, argon or argon-helium mixtures are generally used. Gas flow rates of 30 to 50 CFH are required to obtain high quality welds. With submerged arc welding, the flux may need to be pre-baked before welding to reduce the chances of weld defects due to moisture. A procedure test is generally required to assure that the proposed welding parameters and filler metals result in sound and acceptable chemical and mechanical properties of the welds. As the cleanliness of the welding consumables is of paramount importance, Techalloy Welding Products has incorporated in-line cleaning systems to ensure the requisite degree of cleanliness. Should you need to have more information or discuss applications or welding parameters, do not hesitate to call us at 1-800-638-1458.
Electrode Storage & Reconditioning

Coated electrodes just removed from sealed containers are intended for use as is out of the container. Electrodes from open containers should be stored in a holding oven at 215F 240F. Open cans of electrodes exposed to a high humidity atmosphere for more than four hours or low humidity for more than eight hours should be reconditioned before using by baking in a drying oven for 1-2 hours at 400F 500F.
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND
STAINLESS STEEL WELDING WIRES
PRODUCT
USES
A popular European grade 1.4370 used for automotive exhaust applications and dissimilar stainless grades.

Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel WRC FN .07 6.6 .90 18.7 8.9 5 .05 1.65 .46 20.45 9.85 8 .019 1.72 .46 20.8 10.1 8 .016 1.65 .85 20.65 10.00 8 .021 1.75 .51 23.40 12.70 12 .019 1.85 .84 23.50 12.95 10 .11 1.90 .40 27.10 20.95 0
TECHALLOY 307
TECHALLOY 308/308H
AWS A5.9 ER308H AWS A5.9 ER308
Techalloy 308/308H is used for TIG, MIG, and submerged arc welding of unstabilized stainless steels such as Types 301, 302, 304, 305, 308. This filler metal is the most popular grade among stainless steels, used for general-purpose applications where corrosion conditions are moderate. Can also be certified as ER308H. Techalloy 308/308L has the same analysis as type 308 except the carbon content has been held to a maximum of .03% to reduce the possibility of intergranular carbide precipitation. Ideal for welding Types 304L, 321, and 347 stainless steels. This is a suitable wire for applications at cryogenic temperatures. Techalloy 308LHS is a stainless steel welding wire for MIG welding. This wire is used to weld equipment made with 304 and 308 stainless grades. Welding speed is higher than 308 or 308L due to improved wettability of weld metal.
Tensile Strength 88,500 PSI Yield Strength 59,500 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 85,000 PSI Yield Strength 57,000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 86,500 PSI Yield Strength 59,000 PSI Elongation
610 MPA
410 MPA 39% 590 MPA
TECHALLOY 308/308L
AWS A5.9 ER308L AWS A5.9 ER308
390 MPA 40% 600 MPA
TECHALLOY 308LHS
AWS A5.9 ER308LSi
410 MPA 39% 590 MPA
TECHALLOY 309/309L
Techalloy 309/309L is of similar composition as Techalloy 309 except for the carbon content being lower than .03%. The lower carbon content reduces the possibility of intergranular corrosion. Techalloy 309L is preferred over 309 for cladding over carbon or low alloy steels, as well as for dissimilar joints that undergo heat treatment. Techalloy 309LHS is of the same chemical composition as 309L, with higher silicon content to improve the bead appearance and increase welding ease. The weld beads are exceptionally smooth due to good wetting.
400 MPA 36% 620 MPA
TECHALLOY 309LHS
AWS A5.9 ER309LSi
420 MPA 34% 620 MPA
TECHALLOY 310
AWS A5.9 ER310
Techalloy 310 is used for the welding of stainless steels of similar composition in wrought or cast form. The weld deposit is fully austenitic and calls for low heat during welding. This filler metal can also be used for dissimilar welding.
420 MPA 34%
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory
PRODUCT
USES
Techalloy 312 is used to weld cast alloys of similar composition and is used to weld dissimilar metals and weld overlays. This alloy has very high ferrite. When welding similar cast alloys, limit welding to two or three layers only.

Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum WRC Ferrite Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum WRC FN .11 1.64 .44 29.6 8.9 .08 30 min .016 1.87 .48 19.32 13.2 2.25 6 .022 1.80 .85 19.25 12.60 2.45 8 .017 1.66 .44 19.4 13.85 3.25 6 .025 1.6 .05 19.6 34.1 2.5 .25 .001 .007 3.4 0

Tensile Strength 109,500 PSI Yield Strength 78,500 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 86,000 PSI Yield Strength 58,000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 86,500 PSI Yield Strength 58,500 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 84,500 Yield Strength 58,000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 86,000 PSI Yield Strength 57,500 PSI Elongation
TECHALLOY 312
AWS A5.9 ER312
760 MPA
540 MPA 45% 590 MPA
TECHALLOY 316/316L
Techalloy 316/316L has the same analysis as ER316, except that the carbon content is limited to a maximum of 0.03% in order to reduce the possibility of formation of intergranular carbide precipitation. This filler metal is primarily used for welding low carbon molybdenum-bearing austenitic alloys. This low carbon alloy is not as strong at elevated temperatures as ER316H. Techalloy 316LHS is similar to 316L, with higher silicon content for optimum ease in welding and smooth bead appearance. Higher productivity could be realized in MIG welding.
400 MPA 36%
TECHALLOY 316LHS
AWS A5.9 ER316LSi
600 MPA
400 MPA 36% 580 MPA
TECHALLOY 317L
AWS A5.9 ER317L
Techalloy 317L is used for welding stainless steels with similar composition. Due to its higher molybdenum content, this alloy offers high resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. Lower carbon makes the weld metal less susceptible to intergranular corrosion. Techalloy 320LR has a composition similar to Techalloy 320, except that carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur levels are kept at lower levels as well as the columbium and manganese being specified at a narrower range. The low melting residuals are limited in this alloy to reduce the possibility of microfissuring. It is for this reason that this alloy is often used for welding Type 320 stainless steels.
400 MPA 35% 590 MPA
TECHALLOY 320LR
AWS A5.9 ER320LR
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Columbium + Tantalum Sulfur Phosphorus Copper WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Columbium WRC FN
400 MPA 35%
TECHALLOY 330
AWS A5.9 ER330
Techalloy 330 is used to weld cast and wrought material of similar chemical composition. The weld metal provides excellent heat and scale resistance up to 1800F. However, high sulfur environments may adversely affect elevated temperature performance. This being a fully austenitic alloy, heat input is necessary. Techalloy 347 is a columbium-stabilized stainless steel welding wire used to weld Types 321 and 347. Addition of columbium reduces the possibility of chromium carbide precipitation and consequent intergranular corrosion.
.23 1.95 .42 15.95 35.2 0 .04 1.65 .52 19.9 9.75 .72 10
580 MPA
390 MPA 29% 600 MPA
TECHALLOY 347
AWS A5.9 ER347
390 MPA 35%
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND
PRODUCT
USES
Techalloy 385 is used for welding materials of similar chemical composition which are used for fabrication of equipment and vessels for handling of sulfuric acid and many chloride containing media. This filler metal may also find applications for joining Type 317L material where improved corrosion resistance in specific media is needed. In order to reduce the propensity for fissuring and hot cracking, the low melting constituents such as carbon, silicon and phosphorus are controlled to lower levels in this alloy. Techalloy 409Cb is a ferritic stainless steel welding wire which is used to weld type 409 and 409Ti base materials. Addition of columbium leads to a preferential reaction with carbon, saving chromium from forming carbides. This improves corrosion resistance, increases strength at high temperatures, and promotes ferritic micro-structure. Techalloy 410 is used to weld Types 403, 405, 410, and 416. It is also used for welding overlay on carbon steels to resist corrosion, erosion, or abrasion. This material, being an air hardening type, calls for preheating of the joint to 350F before welding. NOTE: Mechanical properties listed to the right reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1350F and 1400F for one hour.

Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Copper Molybdenum WRC FN .019 2.05 .35 20.5 25.1 1.6 4.6 0

TECHALLOY 385
AWS A5.9 ER385 (904L)
600 MPA
410 MPA 36%
TECHALLOY 409Cb
AWS A5.9 ER409Cb
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Columbium
.05 .62 .48 11.5 .35
460 MPA
350 MPA 26%
TECHALLOY 410
AWS A5.9 ER410
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium
.11 .45 .39 12.5
620 MPA
540 MPA 24%
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory
PRODUCT
USES
Techalloy 410NiMo is used primarily to weld cast and wrought material of similar chemical composition. Preheating and interpass temperature of not less than 300F are required. NOTE: Mechanical properties listed to the right reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1100F and 1150F for one hour.

Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum .02 .45 .4 11.8 4.50 .55

TECHALLOY 410NiMo
AWS A5.9 ER410NiMo
820 MPA
630 MPA 20%
TECHALLOY 420
AWS A5.9 ER420
Techalloy 420 has a higher carbon content than Techalloy 410. This alloy is often used for surfacing applications which call for superior resistance to abrasion. It requires preheat and interpass temperatures of not less than 400F, followed by slow cooling. Post weld heat treatment is used to temper the weld deposit. NOTE: Mechanical properties are greatly influenced by changes in welding parameters such as preheat and interpass temperatures.
.29 .45 .35 13.2
Tensile Strength 145,000 PSI 1000 MPA Yield Strength 120,000 PSI
830 MPA
TECHALLOY 430
AWS A5.9 ER430
Techalloy 430 is a ferritic stainless steel which offers good ductility in heat treated condition. In addition to the applications of welding similar alloys, it is also used for overlays and thermal spraying. NOTE: Mechanical properties listed to the right reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1400F and 1450F for two hours.
.07 .44 .36 16.5
530 MPA
410 MPA 25%
TECHALLOY 430LCb
Techalloy 430LCb is stabilized ferritic steel, which offers superior mechanical properties to 430 grade. In addition its fatigue resistance is also higher, the fact that lead to its spontaneous popularity in the automotive industry. This product is also used for overlay cladding as well as in thermal spray applications. Preheating of the joint to a minimum of 300F is recommended. Welding must be done with very low heat input. NOTE: Mechanical properties reflect the heattreated specimen at 1400F to 1450F for two hours.
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Columbium
.01 .51 .40 18.20 .40
510 MPA
40 MPA 25%
TECHALLOY 630
AWS A5.9 ER630 (17-4PH)
Techalloy 630 is a precipitation hardening stainless steel used for welding of materials of similar chemical composition. Mechanical properties of this alloy are greatly influenced by the heat treatment. NOTE: Mechanical properties listed to the right reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1875F and 1925F for one hour, followed by precipitation hardening between 1135F and 1165F for four hours.
Carbon .03 Manganese .54 Silicon .43 Chromium 16.49 Nickel 4.78 Copper 3.6 Columbium + Tantalum .22
Tensile Strength 150,000 PSI 1030 MPA Yield Strength 135,000 PSI Elongation
930 MPA 10%
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND
PRODUCT
USES
Techalloy 2209 is a filler material designed to weld duplex stainless steels such as UNS Number N31803. The welds are characterized by high tensile strength and improved resistance to stress corrosion cracking and pitting. The wire is lower in ferrite compared to that of base metal in order to obtain improved weldability. Techalloy 2594 provides matching chemistry and mechanical property characteristics to wrought superduplex alloys such as 2507and Zeron 100, as well as to superduplex casting alloys (ASTM A890). The welding wire is overalloyed 2-3 percent in Nickel to provide the optimum ferrite/austenite ratio in the finished weld. This structure results in high tensile/yield strength and superior resistance to SCC and pitting corrosion.

Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Nitrogen WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Copper Molybdenum Nitrogen .016 1.4 .45 22.4 8.5 3.2 .18 40 min. 0.02 1.00 1.00 25.50 9.25 0.50 3.90 0.250

Tensile Strength 105,000 PSI Yield Strength 80,500 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 123.0 PSI Yield Strength 94.0 PSI Elongation
TECHALLOY 2209
AWS A5.9 ER2209 (Duplex Grade)
720 MPA
560 MPA 26%
TECHALLOY 2594
AWS A5.9 ER2594 (Super Duplex Grade)
850 MPA
650 MPA 28%
RECOMMENDED WELDING PARAMETERS FOR STAINLESS STEELS

Process
TIG
Diameter of Wire
.035 inches .045 inches 1/16 inches 3/32 inches 1/8 inches (0.9 mm) (1.1 mm) (1.6 mm) (2.4 mm) (3.2 mm) (0.8 mm) (0.9 mm) (1.1 mm) (1.6 mm) (2.4 mm) (3.2 mm) (4.0 mm)
Voltage (V)
12-15 13-16 14-18 15-20 15-20 24-28 26-29 28-32 29-33 28-30 29-32 30-33
Amperage (A)
60-90 80-110 90-130 120-175 150-220 140-180 160-210 180-250 200-280 275-350 350-450 400-550
Gas
100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 99% Argon + 1% Oxygen or 97% Argon + 3% CO2 99% Argon + 1% Oxygen or 97% Argon + 3% CO2 99% Argon + 1% Oxygen or 97% Argon + 3% CO2 99% Argon + 1% Oxygen or 97% Argon + 3% CO2 Suitable Flux must be used Suitable Flux must be used Suitable Flux must be used
MIG
.030 inches .035 inches .045 inches .0625 inches
SAW
3/32 inches 1/8 inches 5/32 inches
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory
TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF STAINLESS STEEL WIRES

Product
Techalloy 307 Techalloy 308/308H Techalloy 308/308L Techalloy 308LHS Techalloy 309/309L Techalloy 309LHS Techalloy 310 Techalloy 312 Techalloy 316/316L Techalloy 316LHS Techalloy 317L Techalloy 320LR Techalloy 330 Techalloy 347 Techalloy 385 Techalloy 409Cb Techalloy 410 Techalloy 410NiMo Techalloy 420 Techalloy 430 Techalloy 430LCb Techalloy 630 Techalloy 2209 Techalloy 2594 AWS A5.9 ER630 AWS A5.9 ER2209 AWS A5.9 ER2594
Specication
1.4370 AWS A5.9 ER308H AWS A5.9 ER308L AWS A5.9 ER308LSi AWS A5.9 ER309L AWS A5.9 ER309LSi AWS A5.9 ER310 AWS A5.9 ER312 AWS A5.9 ER316L AWS A5.9 ER316LSi AWS A5.9 ER317L AWS A5.9 ER320LR AWS A5.9 ER330 AWS A5.9 ER347 AWS A5.9 ER385 AWS A5.9 ER409Cb AWS A5.9 ER410 AWS A5.9 ER410NiMo AWS A5.9 ER420 AWS A5.9 ER430
C
.07 .05 .019 .016 .021 .019 .11 .11 .016 .022 .017 .025 .23 .04 .019 .05 .11 .02 .29 .07 .01 .03 .016 .02
Mn
6.6 1.65 1.72 1.65 1.75 1.85 1.90 1.64 1.87 1.80 1.66 1.6 1.95 1.65 2.05 .62 .45 .45 .45 .44 .51 .54 1.4 1.00
Si
.90 .46 .46 .85 .51 .84 .40 .44 .48 .85 .44 .05 .42 .52 .35 .48 .39 .40 .35 .36 .40 .43 .45 1.00
Fe
BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL
Cr
18.7 20.45 20.80 20.65 23.40 23.50 27.10 29.60 19.32 19.25 19.40 19.6 15.95 19.9 20.50 11.50 12.5 11.8 13.20 16.50 18.2 16.49 22.40 25.50
Mo
Ni
8.9 9.85 10.10 10.00 12.70 12.95 20.95 8.90
Cb +Ta
S
.007 .005 .003 .008 .006 .004 .003 .012 .010 .004 .006
P
.015 .016 .013 .016 .014 .012 .012 .017 .019 .013 .012 .007 .014 .014 .014 .018 .014 .012 .014 0.14 .020 .017 .014 .025
Cu
FN
5 8 8 8 12 10 0 30 min 6 8 6
2.25 2.45 3.25 2.5
13.2 12.6 13.85 34.1 35.20 9.75 .72 .25
.001 .005 .005 .015
3.4
0 0 10
4.6
25.10 .35
1.6
.016 .010
.55
4.50
.009 .008 .010 .40 .008 .021 .18 .25 .017 .010
.2 3.20 3.95
4.78 8.50 9.25
.22
3.6 40 min 0.50 40 min
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND
STAINLESS STEEL ELECTRODES
PRODUCT
USES
Tech-Rod 308/308L is a low carbon electrode used to weld Types 304L and 347. The weld deposit contains a maximum of .04% carbon, which minimizes the formation of chromium carbides, and consequent susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. The weld deposit, with controlled ferrite, gives excellent notch toughness at -320F (-196C). Tech-Rod 309/309L gives a weld deposit similar to 309, with reduced carbon levels (0.04% maximum) that offer increased resistance to intergranular corrosion. Type 309/309L is ideal for joining stainless steel to themselves or to carbon or low alloy steels. Tech-Rod 309L is preferred to Tech-Rod 309 for cladding over carbon or low alloy steels, as well as for dissimilar joints which undergo heat treatment. Tech-Rod 310 electrodes are used to weld stainless steels of similar composition in wrought and cast form. The weld deposit is fully austenitic, and as such calls for minimum heat input during welding.

Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Iron WRC FN .03 1.65 .43 19.4 9.3 Balance 7 .035 1.58 .53 23.45 12.6 Balance 8 .11 1.90 .52 26.2 20.95 Balance 0 .12 1.80 .56 29.3 9.4 Balance 30 min .035 1.75 .52 18.7 12.65 2.30 Balance 7 .035 1.65 .55 18.75 13.0 3.4 Balance 7

Tensile Strength 84,500 PSI Yield Strength 55,000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 88,500 PSI Yield Strength 59,000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 90,500 PSI Yield Strength 61,500 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 109,000 PAS Yield Strength 78,000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 85,800 PSI Yield Strength 58,000 PSI Elongation
TECH-ROD 308/308L
AWS A5.4 E308L-16 AWS A5.4 E308L-17
580 MPA
380 MPA 40% 555 MPA
TECH-ROD 309/309L
AWS A5.4 E309L-16 AWS A5.4 E309L-17
410 MPA 36%
TECH-ROD 310
AWS A5.4 E310-16
625 MPA
425 MPA 34% 750 MPA
TECH-ROD 312
AWS A5.4 E312-16
Tech-Rod 312 electrodes are used for welding wrought and cast alloys of similar composition as well as for welding dissimilar metals. The weld deposits exhibit high tensile strength and offer good resistance to abrasion.
540 MPA 23% 590 MPA
TECH-ROD 316/316L
AWS A5.4 E316L-16 AWS A5.4 E316L-17
The weld deposit of Tech-Rod 316L electrodes is similar to that of Type 316, except the carbon is limited to a maximum of 0.04%. Precise control of the carbon content in Tech-Rod 316/316L electrodes provides a weld deposit matching the corrosion resistant qualities of Type 316/16L stainless steel. The extra low carbon content reduces the possibility of carbide precipitation and consequent intergranular corrosion. The weld deposit of Tech-Rod 317L is similar to that of Type 317, except the carbon is limited to a maximum of 0.04%. In addition to the resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, this consumable offers good resistance to intergranular corrosion.
400 MPA 36%
TECH-ROD 317L
AWS A5.4 E317L-16
570 MPA
400 MPA 38%
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory
PRODUCT
USES
Tech-Rod 320LR is similar in composition to Tech-Rod 320, with carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur controlled to lower limits and columbium and manganese kept to a narrower range. This composition is designed to reduce the possibility of microfissuring; however, low heat input is advisable for welding.

Carbon .024 Manganese 2.05 Silicon .24 Chromium 19.8 Nickel 33.9 Molybdenum 2.4 Columbium + Tantalum .27 Copper 3.55 Sulfur .011 Iron Balance WRC FN 0 Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Columbium Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Copper Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Iron .21 1.9 .48 15.45 34.4 Balance 0 .050 1.65 .52 19.15 10.15 .6 Balance 7 .015 2.1 .45 20.5 25.2 4.6 1.75 Balance 0 .12 .68 .52 12.1 Balance

TECH-ROD 320LR
AWS A5.4 E320LR-16
590 MPA
390 MPA 34%
TECH-ROD 330
AWS A5.4 E330-16
Tech-Rod 330 electrodes are used to weld wrought and cast forms of stainless steel of similar chemical composition, which offer good heat and scale resistance above 1800F (980 C). However, high sulfur environments adversely affect the high temperature performance. The heat input has to be kept to a minimum during welding to avoid the possibility of microfissuring. Tech-Rod 347 electrodes are columbium stabilized stainless steel electrodes used for welding Types 347 and 321 stainless and stainless clad steels. The columbium content is approximately ten times the carbon content, and when this product is used to weld stabilized Type 347 or 321 parent metal, it precludes intergranular corrosion under severe operating conditions. Tech-Rod 385 is used for welding materials of similar chemical composition (UNS Number N08904). These materials are used in fabrication of equipment and vessels for handling and storing sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. The weld metal is fully austenitic and, as such, the low melting constituents such as carbon, silicon, and phosphorus should be kept low. Welding must be done with low heat input, using stringer bead technique. Tech-Rod 410 is designed to weld stainless steels of similar chemical composition as well as to overlay carbon steels to impart corrosion, erosion, and abrasion resistance. This material, being an airhardening type, calls for a preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 400F (200C) during welding. NOTE: Mechanical properties listed to the right reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1550F and 1650 F for two hours.
Tensile Strength 84,500 PSI Yield Strength 57,000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 86,000 PSI Yield Strength 57,000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 88,000 PSI Yield Strength 65,500 PSI Elongation
580 MPA
390 MPA 26%
TECH-ROD 347
AWS A5.4 E347-16
590 MPA
390 MPA 35%
TECH-ROD 385
AWS A5.4 E385-16 (904L)
610 MPA
450 MPA 32%
TECH-ROD 410
AWS A5.4 E410-16
540 MPA
430 MPA 23%
TECH-ROD 410NiMo
AWS A5.4 E410NiMo-16
Tech-Rod 410NiMo is designed to weld materials of similar chemical composition in cast and wrought forms. Preheat and interpass temperatures of not less than 300F (150C) are recommended during welding. NOTE: Mechanical properties listed to the right reflect utilization of a post-weld treatment between 1100F and 1150F for one hour.
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Iron
.03 .52 .45 12.1 4.55 .52 Balance
800 MPA
630 MPA 17%
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND
PRODUCT
USES
Tech-Rod 430 is designed to weld materials of similar chemical composition as well as overlay on carbon steels. The undiluted weld metal is ferritic, but with the dilution from mild or low alloy steel, it could become martensitic. Therefore, preheating and interpass temperatures of 300F (150C) during welding are recommended. Tech-Rod 2209 is used to weld duplex stainless steels such as UNS Number N31803. The welds offer excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking, and pitting. The micro-structure of the weld metal consists of austenite and ferrite. The ferrite of weld metal will be lower than the ferrite of Type 2205 base metal. Welding of duplex stainless steels calls for controlled parameters to achieve specified mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. Tech-Rod 2594-16 is a superduplex grade electrode that provides matching chemistry and mechanical property characteristics to wrought superduplex alloys such as 2507 and Zeron 100, as well as to superduplex casting alloys (ASTM A890). The electrode is overalloyed 2% to 3% in nickel to provide the optimum ferrite/austenite ratio in the finished weld. This structure results in high tensile and yield strengths and superior resistance to SCC and pitting corrosion. This electrode is used for joining and overlaying a variety of steels such as carbon and spring steels, tool and die grades, stainless steels and dissimilar steels. Deposits are of high strength with satisfactory elongation and resistance to wear, corrosion, and impact. Not heat treatable. WELDING PROCEDURES: Clean weld area and bevel heavy sections. Hold a short arc and run stringer beads for high alloy tool steels. Preheat to 400F. Peen to relieve stresses. Weld AC or DC.

Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Iron .05 .65 .42 16.4 Balance

TECH-ROD 430
AWS A5.4 E430-16
530 MPA
400 MPA 23% 700 MPA
TECH-ROD 2209
AWS A5.4 E2209-16 (Duplex Grade)
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Nitrogen Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Copper Molybdenum Nitrogen Iron WRC FN
.02 1.65 .52 22.4 8.9 3.3 .16 Balance 35 min 0.02 1.00 1.00 25.50 9.25 0.50 3.90 0.25 Balance 40 min
600 MPA 22%
TECH-ROD 2594-16
AWS A5.4 E2594 (Super Duplex Grade)
Tensile Strength 130.0 PSI Yield Strength 101.0 PSI Elongation
900 MPA
695 MPA 31%
TECH-ROD WELD-ALL
Tensile Strength 120,000 PSI Yield Strength 65,000 PSI Elongation is 2 Hardness
830 MPA
450 MPA 15 - 25%
200-300 BHN
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory
TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF STAINLESS STEEL ELECTRODES

Product
Tech-Rod 308/308L Tech-Rod 309/309L Tech-Rod 310 Tech-Rod 312 Tech-Rod 316 Tech-Rod 316/316L Tech-Rod 317L Tech-Rod 320LR Tech-Rod 330 Tech-Rod 347 Tech-Rod 385 Tech-Rod 410 Tech-Rod 410NiMo Tech-Rod 430 Tech-Rod 2209 Tech-Rod 2594-16 Tech-Rod Weld-All
Specication
AWS A5.4 E308L-16 AWS A5.4 E308L-17 AWS A5.4 E309L-16 AWS A5.4 E309L-17 AWS A5.4 E310-16 AWS A5.4 E312-16 AWS A5.4 E316-16 AWS A5.4 E316L-16 AWS A5.4 E316L-17 AWS A5.4 E317L-16 AWS A5.4 E320LR-16 AWS A5.4 E330-16 AWS A5.4 E347-16 AWS A5.4 E385-16 AWS A5.4 E410-16 AWS A5.4 E410NiMo-16 AWS A5.4 E430-16 AWS A5.4 E2209-16 AWS A5.4 E2594
C
.03 .035 .11 .12 .055 .035 .035 .024 .21 .050 .015 .12 .03 .05 .02 .02
Mn
1.65 1.58 1.9 1.80 1.70 1.75 1.65 2.05 1.90 1.65 2.10 .68 .52 .65 1.65 1.00
Si
.43 .53 .52 .56 .56 .52 .55 .24 .48 .52 .45 .52 .45 .42 .52 1.00
Fe
BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL
Cr
19.40 23.45 26.2 29.3 18.85 18.70 18.75 19.80 15.45 19.15 20.50 12.10 12.10 16.40 22.4 25.50
Mo
Ni
9.3 12.6 20.95 9.4
Cb +Ta
N
* * * * * * *
S
.020 .021 .012 .021 .024 .022 .019 .011 .023 .017 .009 .021 .019 .024 .012 .01
P
.021 .024 .016 .022 .025 .024 .022 .014 .021 .024 .018 .022 .018 .023 .016 .025
Cu
7 8 0
FN
30 min 4 7 7 3.5 0 0 7 1.7 0
2.35 2.30 3.40 2.40
12.90 12.65 13.00 33.90 34.4 10.15 .60 .27
* * * * *
4.60
25.20
.52
4.55
* *
3.3 3.90
8.9 9.25
.16 .25
35 min 0.50 40 min
* Nitrogen in these weld deposits is usually between .04% and .08%
TYPICAL ELECTRODE SIZES & CURRENTS FOR SMAW WELDING OF STAINLESS STEELS
Amperage (A) Process
SMAW
Diameter of Wire
3/32 inches 1/8 inches 5/32 inches 3/16 inches (2.4 mm) (3.2 mm) (4.0 mm) (4.8 mm)
Voltage (V)
24-28 26-30 28-32 28-32
Flat
70-85 85-110 110-140 120-160
Vertical & Overhead

65-75 80-90 100-120 110-130
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND
SUGGESTIONS FOR WELDING STAINLESS STEELS

Stainless steels were primarily developed to render corrosion resistance. There are certain other requirements that must be met in every stainless application. They may include corrosion resistance in a particular medium, avoidance of contamination of product, resistance to oxidation and carburization at elevated temperatures as well as the ability to provide requisite mechanical strength. There are several grades of stainless steels which can be broadly grouped into 300 Series, 400 Series and others. 300 Series stainless steels contain iron, chromium, nickel and carbon as principal ingredients. 400 Series stainless steels contain iron, chromium, and carbon as principal ingredients. Not all 400 Series are weldable. Weldable 400 Series stainless steels are also called straight chromium steels, since their major alloying element is chromium. The 400 Series can be divided into ferritic grades and martensitic grades. Each grade calls for different preheat and interpass welding temperatures. The martensitic grades contain chromium from 11-14% and are air hardenable unless modified with an addition of aluminum, titanium, columbium, or carbon levels below 0.1%. These modified grades and the higher chromium grades up to 30% have markedly decreased hardenability and are called ferritic stainless steels. The second group of stainless steels is the 300 Series. These grades are very popular in the fabrication industry, as they can withstand a variety of corrosion media. The chromium content of these steels ranges from 16% to 30%, and the nickel content from 5% to 35%. These are called austenitic steels, as the microstructure of these grades is predominantly austenite. Nonetheless, there is some ferrite in several grades. The other grades which do not contain any ferrite are called fully austenitic grades. A small amount of ferrite is necessary to stop cracking during solidification of welds. However, in certain media, ferrite reduces corrosion resistance, and the only choice for such media is to opt for fully austenitic grades. Fully austenitic grades give rise to micro-fissuring during welding, which could be eliminated by choosing low heat input processes along with restricted low melting constituents in the weld metal. Welding Requirements To weld stainless steels, three factors are to be considered: The type of stainless steel material that is to be welded. The process of welding. The distortion caused by welding.
Welding 300 Series Stainless Steels

The 300 Series consists of two types of material: those which contain ferrite and austenite, and those which contain only austenite. None of the above requires any preheat or interpass temperature or post weld heat treatment. However, heating up to 150F before welding is advisable to evaporate any condensed moisture in the joint. The stainless steels which do not contain any ferrite are called fully austenitic steels. These materials are prone to develop micro-fissures during welding. Formation of micro-fissures could be avoided by selecting the low heat input process of welding such as TIG or shielded metal arc with up to 1/8 diameter electrodes. The consumables selected for welding these materials should be able to deposit weld metal with low levels of impurities and low melting constituents. Welding of austenitic stainless steels with more than 10% ferrite should be done with low interpass temperature in order to avoid temper embrittlement, which could occur between 800F and 1100F. Some grades such as 309L, 309LSi and 312, which contain higher ferrite are used for welding dissimilar metals, in which case the resulting ferrite in the weld deposit, after dilution from the base materials, should be taken into consideration. If the ferrite after dilution is too low say, 2FN or less there could be a problem of microfissuring in the welds. If the resulting ferrite is too high, such welds undergo faster embrittlement and it is advisable to limit such welds to one or two layers.
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory

Welding 400 Series Stainless Steels
Welding most of the 400 Series stainless steels calls for maintaining preheat and interpass temperatures, and in some cases post-weld heating to avoid formation of brittle structure called martensite. Techalloy 409Cb, 430 and 430LCb grades which are ferritic do not require preheat, but it is advisable to heat to 200F to avoid condensation in the joint. Techalloy 410 calls for a preheat and interpass temperature of 400F to avoid possible formation of martensite. Techalloy 420 is a martensitic grade, and is extremely sensitive to air hardening, and should be preheated and welded above 600F and subjected to post-weld heating at 500F for one hour.
Welding Processes
Influence of welding processes and parameters also are to be considered for welding stainless steels. The major welding processes are: Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) Submerged arc welding (SAW) TIG welding MIG welding FCAW
SMAW Welding
In shielded metal arc welding, the consumable used for welding is a coated electrode. The coating flux contains various minerals in order to impart different characteristics to welding. Some principal functions of the flux are: To ionize the arc atmosphere and improve metal transfer To generate shielding gases, and thus protect the molten weld metal from atmospheric oxidation To provide slag coverage to the molten weld metal To provide deoxidants to react with dissolved oxygen in the weld metal and protect alloying elements To provide alloying elements to the weld To make a clean slag-metal separation on solidification. The electrodes should be transferred to a holding oven when the package is opened to stop them from absorbing moisture from the atmosphere.
Welding Duplex and Super Duplex Stainless Steels

Duplex and super duplex stainless steels were developed to combine the best properties of austenitic and ferritic steels. They have higher yield strength, 65 Ksi (450 N/ mm2), and higher tensile strength, 100 Ksi (69 N/mm2), compared to 300 Series stainless steels. These steels are resistant to corrosion as well as to stress corrosion cracking and pitting from hydrocarbon compounds. Filler metals to weld duplex and super duplex stainless steels will have similar chemical composition to that of the parent metal except that the nickel is higher by 3% to 4%. Higher nickel is required to reduce ferrite in order to obtain optimum mechanical properties. Duplex and super duplex stainless steels are sensitive to embrittlement around 900F and could rapidly form brittle inter-metallic phases (such as CHI and SIGMA) between 1300F and 1500F. Control of heat input during welding is essential to avoid formation of intermetallic phases. Heat input in the range of 15-60 KJ/inch is recommended for welding. Duplex stainless steels typically have a pitting index between 35 and 38, and super duplexes typically have a pitting index above 40. Pitting index is calculated with the following formula: PITTING INDEX = %Cr +3.3 (%Mo) +16(%N)
Electrode Storage & Reconditioning

Coated electrodes just removed from sealed containers are intended to be used as is from the container. Electrodes from open containers should be stored in a holding oven at 215F 240F. Open cans of electrodes exposed to a high humidity atmosphere for more than four hours or low humidity for more than eight hours should be reconditioned before using by baking in a drying oven for 1-2 hours at 400F 500F.
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND

SAW Welding
In submerged arc welding, the flux is separately fed into the joint where the consumable wire establishes an arc beneath the flux. In the heat generated from the arc, the wire as well as some part of the flux melts. As the welding head moves along the joint, slag and metal separate by virtue of the difference in their specific gravities, and on solidification, the weld metal makes the joint, and the slag will be chipped off. The functions of the flux are similar to those in shielded metal arc welding. Heat input is high in SAW leading to higher productivity. assume an important role. Shielding gases are chosen taking quality, cost and operability into consideration.
Control of Distortion Due to Welding

Two factors contribute to distortion: The thermal coefficient of expansion of austenitic stainless steels is very high compared to that of mild steels. The conductivity of heat of stainless steels is much less than that of mild steels. Due to the combination of the above factors, stainless steels undergo distortion, which must be controlled by using suitable jigs, fixtures, and balanced heat input during welding.
TIG Welding
In TIG welding, the arc is struck between the workpiece and a non-consumable electrode like thoriated tungsten for welding ferrous materials, and zirconiated tungsten for aluminum. The consumable wire is melted in the arc atmosphere and the inert gases like argon or helium or their mixture are used as shielding gases. TIG is extremely suitable for joining thin sheets and tubes, and for making root pass welding in pipes, since the heat input in this process is minimal. TIG welds do not cause any undercuts or excessive penetration, and the distortion is the lowest of any welding process. TIG welds provide superior quality weld metal, but the productivity is low.
Estimation of Delta Ferrite in Austenetic Stainless Steel

There are three methods of estimating ferrite in stainless steels: By measuring with instruments like MagnaGauge, which work on the principle of measuring the magnetic strength. By calculating from the chemical composition with the help of diagrams developed by Schaeffler, DeLong, and Welding Research Council. By metallographic methods. Of the above, the first two items are popular, while the third approach is laborious and time-consuming. Ferrite can be measured from an undiluted weld metal employing a calibrated instrument. Ferrite can also be estimated from the chemical composition of undiluted weld metal using multiple regression charts. Measured ferrite and estimated ferrite could differ to a certain extent. The welding parameters, thermal experience, and the size, shape, and orientation of ferrite could influence the accuracy of measurements.
MIG Welding
Gas-Metal-Arc welding is generally called MIG (metal inert gas) welding. In this process, the consumable travels through a nozzle and a tip before it strikes an arc with the workpiece. The arc atmosphere is shielded by gases like: 100% argon 99% argon with 1% oxygen 97% argon with 3% carbon dioxide MIG welding is a high-productivity process. MIG welding doesnt need expensive machinery, and the welding machines are easily transportable, making this process very popular on construction sites. In MIG welding, shielding gas, welding parameters, and the consumable
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory
WRC-1992 DIAGRAM FOR STAINLESS STEEL WELD METAL 18

18 20 22 24 26 28 30 18
Nieq = Ni + 35C + 20N+ 0.25Cu
16
16
12
14
AF
20
16
24
14
28
10
18
35
14
45
22
30
55
26
40
12
FA
50
65
60
75
70
85
80
95
12
90
10
0 10
10
18
20
26 24 22 Creq = Cr + Mo + 0.7 Cb
28
30
DELONG (FN) DIAGRAM FOR STAINLESS STEEL WELD METAL

NICKEL EQUIVALENT = % Ni + 30 X % C + 30 X % N + 0.5 X % Mn
21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 CHROMIUM EQUIVALENT = %Cr + %Mo + 1.5 x %Si + 0.5 x %Cb

SCH A A + EFFL ER M LIN E
WRC FERRITE NUMBER AUSTENITE
0
2
4
6
PRIOR MAGNETIC PERCENT FERRITE
0%
2%
4% 6% 6% 7. % 2 9. .7% 10 .3% 12 .8% 13
10 12 14 16 18
AUSTENITE PLUS FERRITE
DELONG DIAGRAM: Calculate the nickel and chromium equivalents from the weld metal analysis. If nitrogen analysis of the weld metal is not available, assume 0.06% for GTA and covered electrode, or 0.08% for GMA weld metals. The DeLong diagram predicts the WRC Ferrite Number within plus or minus 3 in approximately 90% of the tests for the 308, 309, 316, and 317 families.
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND
LOW ALLOY STEEL WIRES

A strong tradition has helped position Techalloy as a leading supplier of Low Alloy solid wires for critical fabrications.
Tensile Strength 85,000 PSI Yield Strength 71,500 PSI Elongation Impact Strength @ 32F (0C) 60 ft-lbs Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Molybdenum .07 .44 .36 5.45 .55 Tensile Strength 78,500 PSI Yield Strength 60,500 PSI Elongation
PRODUCT
USES
Techalloy 80S-B2 is designed for the gas metal arc welding of 1-1/4 Cr / 1/2 Mo steels, which are used for high temperature service. Preheating and interpass temperatures of not less than 300F must be used during welding. NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed to the right) reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1125F and 1175F for one hour.

Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Molybdenum .09 .55 .48 1.35 .55
TECHALLOY 80S-B2
AWS A5.28 ER80S-B2
590 MPA
490 MPA 21%
80 Joules 540 MPA
TECHALLOY 80S-B6
(Techalloy 502) AWS A5.2 ER80S-B6
Techalloy 80S-B6 is designed to weld materials of similar chemical composition, for high temperature service applications. This is an air-hardening material and as such calls for preheat and interpass temperatures of 350F minimum during welding. NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed to the right) reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1550F and 1600F for two hours.
420 MPA 32%
TECHALLOY 80S-B8
(Techalloy 505) AWS A5.28 ER80S-B8
Techalloy 80S-B8 is designed for welding materials of similar composition. This alloy, being an air-hardening type, calls for preheat and interpass temperatures of not less than 350F during welding. NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed to the right) reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1550F and 1600F for two hours.
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Molybdenum
.08 .45 .34 9.15 1.05
550 MPA
430 MPA 30%
TECHALLOY 90S-B3
AWS A5.28 ER90S-B3
Techalloy 90S-B3 is designed for gas metal arc welding of 2-1/4 Cr / 1 Mo steels, which are used for high temperature applications. A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 350F should be maintained during welding. NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed to the right) reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1250F and 1300F for one hour.
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Molybdenum
.10 .62 .48 2.55 1.08
650 MPA
550 MPA 19%
Impact Strength @ 68F (20C) 80 ft-lbs 105 Joules Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Vanadium Columbium Iron .11 .60 .19 9.0 .5 .95 .18 .07 Balance Tensile Strength 112,000 PSI Yield Strength 100,000 PSI Elongation Impact Strength 40 ft-lbs at room temp. 54 Joules 772 MPA
TECHALLOY 90S-B9
AWS A5.28 ER90S-B9
For welding 9 CrMo P91 grade steels. Requires controlled preheat, interpass and post weld heat treatment. NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed to the right) reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment of 1400F for two hours.
690 MPA 17%
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory
PRODUCT
USES
Techalloy 110S-1 is intended for applications where high strength, combined with low temperature ductility are prime considerations. Applications include welding of HY100 and other high strength, low alloy steels. A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 300F is required during welding. NOTE: Mechanical properties of welds (listed to the right) are greatly influenced by the preheat, interpass temperature, the heat input, and the postweld heat treatment.

Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Iron .07 1.55 .45 .30 2.30 .42 Balance

Tensile Strength 114,500 PSI Yield Strength 98,000 PSI Elongation Impact Strength @ -60F / -51C 60 ft-lbs
TECHALLOY 110S-1
AWS A5.28 ER110S-1
790 MPA
680 MPA 17%
87 Joules 860 MPA
TECHALLOY 120S-1
AWS A5.28 ER120S-1
Techalloy 120S-1 is a high strength, low alloy steel welding wire developed for welding HY100 and other high strength steels. The weld deposits also give adequate low temperature toughness down to -60F. A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 300F is recommended during welding. NOTE: Mechanical properties of welds (listed to the right) are greatly influenced by the preheat, interpass temperature, the heat input, and the postweld heat treatment.
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Iron
.08 1.55 .48 .35 2.55 .50 Balance
Tensile Strength 124,000 PSI Yield Strength 106,500 PSI Elongation Impact Strength @ -60F / -51C 60 ft-lbs
730 MPA 15%
80 Joules 580 MPA
TECHALLOY 515
AWS A5.23 EB2
Techalloy 515 is a 1-1/4 Cr / .5 Mo wire for submerged arc welding applications of steels with similar chemical composition. A preheat and interpass temperature of not les than 300F should be maintained during welding. NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed to the right) of welds are greatly influenced by the flux used as well as the heat input and the post-weld heat treatment. Mechanical properties listed to the right reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment of 1125F to 1175F for one hour.
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Iron
.10 .65 .25 1.45 .54 Balance
490 MPA 22%
TECHALLOY 521
AWS A5.23 EB3
Techalloy 521 is a 2-1/2 Cr / 1 Mo wire for submerged arc welding applications of steels with similar chemical composition. A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 350F should be maintained during welding. NOTE: Mechanical properties of welds (listed to the right) are greatly influenced by the flux used as well as the heat input and the post-weld heat treatment. Mechanical properties reflect utilization of a postweld heat treatment of 1250F to 1300F for one hour.
.09 .69 .22 2.55 1.02 Balance
650 MPA
560 MPA 19%
TECHALLOY 4130
Techalloy 4130 is a high strength, low alloy welding wire for joining steels of similar chemical composition, as well as for overlays where moderate hardness is required. This wire can be used for TIG, MIG and submerged arc welding applications. A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 400F is required during welding. NOTE: Mechanical properties of welds (listed to the right) are governed by the heat treatment undergone by the weld metal. Mechanical properties are for weld metal oil quenched from 1550F and tempered at 1050F.
.31 .52 .28 .93 .20 Balance
Tensile Strength 145,000 PSI 1,000 MPA Yield Strength 130,000 PSI Elongation
900 MPA 11%
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND
PRODUCT
USES
Techalloy AK-10 is a low alloy steel welding wire developed for welding of high strength steels with adequate ductility at low temperatures. The hardness of the undiluted weld will be less than 235 BHN. The requirement of preheat and interpass temperatures should be determined taking the base plate chemistry and thickness into consideration. NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed to the right) of welds are greatly influenced by the preheat, interpass temperature, the heat input, and the post- weld heat treatment.

Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Iron .12 1.45 .60 .30 .95 .40 Balance

Tensile Strength 104,000 PSI Yield Strength 88,000 PSI Elongation Impact Strength @ -75F/-59C 50 ft-lbs
TECHALLOY AK-10*
AWS A5.28 ER100S-G *This grade can also be used for submerged arc welding, where its relevant classifications is AWS A5.23 EG
720 MPA
610 MPA 25%
67 Joules
TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LOW ALLOY WIRES

Product
Techalloy 80S-B2 Techalloy 80S-B6 Techalloy 80S-B8 Techalloy 90S-B3 Techalloy 90S-B9 Techalloy 110S-1 Techalloy 120S-1 Techalloy 515 Techalloy 521 Techalloy 4130 Techalloy AK-10 AWS A5.28 ER100S-G
Specication
AWS A5.28 ER80S-B2 AWS A5.2 ER80S-B6 AWS A5.28 ER80S-B8 AWS A5.28 ER90S-B3 AWS A5.28 ER90S-B9 AWS A5.28 ER110S-1 AWS A5.28 ER120S-1 AWS A5.23 EB2 AWS A5.23 EB3
C
.09 .07 .08 .10 .11 .07 .08 .10 .09 .31 .12
Mn
.55 .44 .45 .62 .60 1.55 1.5 .65 .69 .52 1.45
Si
.48 .36 .34 .48 .19 .45 .45 .25 .22 .28 .60
Fe
BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL
Cr
1.35 5.45 9.15 2.55 9.0 .30 .35 1.45 2.55 .93 .30
Mo
.55 .55 1.05 1.08 .95 .42 .50 .54 1.02 .20 .40
Ni
.5 2.30 2.55
.18
.95
RECOMMENDED WELDING PARAMETERS FOR TIG AND MIG WELDING OF LOW ALLOY STEELS
Process
TIG
Diameter of Wire
.035 inches .045 inches 1/16 inches 3/32 inches 1/8 inches
Voltage (V)
10-12 10-12 12-15 15-20 15-20 28-32 30-34 30-34 22-25 23-26
Amperage (A)
50-70 70-100 100-125 125-175 175-250 165-200 180-220 230-260 100-140 120-150
Gas
100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 98% Argon + 2% Oxygen 75% Argon + 25% CO2 100% CO2 100% CO2* 75% Argon + 25% CO2
MIG Spray Transfer
.035 inches .045 inches 1/16 inches
MIG Short Circuiting Transfer
.035 inches .045 inches
*With 100% CO2 gas shielding, weld metal undergoes globular transfer.
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory
SUGGESTIONS FOR WELDING LOW ALLOY STEELS

Low alloy steels are used for higher strengths and service environments of high and low temperatures. They contain carbon, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, and nickel and in some specific types vanadium and copper appear as alloying elements. Low alloy steels with chromium and molybdenum are designed for moderately high temperature applications, since they have high creep resistance. For still higher temperatures, ferritic and martensitic stainless steels are used. by gases such as 100% argon, 98% argon with 2% oxygen, 75% argon with 25% carbon dioxide, and 100% carbon dioxide. The smooth functioning of MIG welding depends on welding parameters, shielding gases, and the consumables. The welding parameters are amperage, voltage, feed of the wire, speed of welding, and flow rate of the shielding gas. The feed of the wire has to be adjusted to suit the voltage and amperage. Voltage, amperage, and speed determine the heat input. If these parameters are not synchronized, the welding does not perform well. There could be burnback fusing the tips, or there could be insufficient melting of the wire, resulting in improper fusion. If the gas pressure is insufficient, the metal gets oxidized, leaving inclusions and porosity in weld metal. There are two different techniques in MIG welding Spray transfer Droplet transfer/short-circuit type In spray type, the liquid weld metal travels from the tip of the consumable in the form of tiny globules to the workpiece. Spray transfer is achieved with higher current densities. In droplet transfer, the liquid metal travels in the form of droplets, and operates at lower current densities. Usually the droplet or short-circuiting technique is used in root pass welding, followed by spray transfer for the rest of the welding.
TIG WELDING
In TIG welding, the arc is struck between the workpiece and the non-consumable electrode like thoriated tungsten for welding of ferrous materials and zirconiated tungsten for aluminum. The consumable wire is melted in the arc atmosphere and the inert gases like argon or helium or their mixture are used as shielding gases. TIG is extremely suitable for joining thin sheets and tubes, and for making root pass welding in pipes, since the heat input in this process is minimal. TIG welds do not cause any undercuts or excessive penetration, and the distortion is the lowest of any welding process. TIG welds provide superior quality weld metal, but the productivity is low.
MIG WELDING
Gas-Metal-Arc welding is generally called MIG (metal inert gas) welding. In this process, the consumable travels through a nozzle and a tip before it strikes an arc with the workpiece. The arc atmosphere is shielded
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND
PACKAGING OPTIONS
Unless a customer specifies that exact metric size is required, standard imperial size will be substituted. For example, .045 standard will be supplied instead of 1.2 mm wire unless otherwise specified at the time of the order.
GMAW (MIG) GTAW (TIG) SAW (Sub-Arc) SMAW (Electrodes)
STANDARD DIAMETERS
.030 1/16 1/16 3/32 .035 3/32 3/32 1/8 .045 1/8 1/8 5/32 1/16 5/32 5/32 3/16
PACKAGING OPTIONS
Item
2# Spool 10# Spool 33# Plastic Spool 33# Wire Spool 60# Spool 60# Coil 10# Tubes (36) 50# Bulk (36) 250# Reel 500# Reel 250# Tech Pak 500# Tech Pak 500# Pay-off Pak 700# Pay-off Pak 8# Poly Tube (3/32 x 12) 10# Poly Tube (3/32 x 14) S Standard Packaging (may vary by alloy)
Standard Package
20 spools 40#/box 4 spools 40# /box 1 spool 33#/box 1 spool 33#/box 1 spool 60#/box 1 coil 60#/box 3 tubes-30#/box 60 cartons/skid 3 reels/skid 3 reels/skid 2 paks/skid 2 paks/skid 4 paks/skid 4 paks/skid 3 tubes - 24#/box 3 tubes 30#/box A Available upon request
GMAW
A A S S A
GTAW
SAW
SMAW
S S S A A A A A A S S # Pounds
AND
ELECTRODES
Back to Directory
TABLES AND CHARTS
LINEAR MEASUREMENTS
Linear Measures
1 centimeter 1 inch 1 decimeter 1 foot 1 meter 1 yard 1 dekameter 1 rod 1 kilometer 1 mile
WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS
Weight Measures
1 gram 1 ounce 1 kilogram 1 pound 1 metric ton 1 English ton
Metric Equivalents
0.3937 inches 2.54 centimeters 3.937 inches / 0.328 foot 3.048 decimeters 39.37 inches / 1.09.36 yards 0.9144 meter 1.9884 rods 0.5029 dekameter 0.621.37 mile 1.609.3 kilometers
Metric Equivalents
0.03527 ounce 28.35 grams 2.2046 pounds 0.4536 kilogram 0.98421 English ton 1.016 metric ton
TEMPERATURE CONVERSIONS
Fahrenheit Celsius
100C 50C 45C 40C 37C 35C 30C 25C 20C
Fahrenheit
59F 50F 41F 32F 23F 14F 5F -4F -13F
Celsius
15C 10C 5C 0C -5C -10C -15C -20C -25C
SQUARE MEASUREMENTS
Square Measures
1square centimeter 1 square inch 1 square decimeter 1 square foot 1 square meter 1 square yard 1 acre 1 square rod 1 hectare 1 acre 1 square kilometer 1 square mile
212F 122F 113F 104F 98.6F 95F 86F 77F 68F
Metric Equivalents
0.1550 square inches 6.452 square centimeters 0.1076 square foot 9.2903 square decimeter 1.196 square yards 0.8361 square meter 160 square rods 0.00625 acre 2.47 acres 0.4047 hectare 0.386 square mile 2.59 square kilometers
FRACTION/DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS
Fraction
1/64 1/32 3/64 1/16 5/64 3/32 7/64 1/8 9/64 5/32 11/64 3/16 13/64 7/32 15/64 1/4 17/64 9/32 19/64 5/16 21/64 11/32 23/64
Decimal
.01563 .03125 .04688 .0625 .07913 .09375 .10938 .125 .14063 .15625 .17188 .1875 .20313 .21875 .23438 .25 .26563 .28125 .29688 .3125 .32813 .34375 .35938
Fraction
3/8 25/64 13/32 27/64 7/16 29/64 15/32 31/64 1/2 33/64 17/32 35/64 9/16 37/64 19/23 39/64 5/8 41/64 21/32 43/64 11/16 45/64 23/32
Decimal
.375 .39063 .40625 .42188 .4375 .45313 .46875 .48438 .50 .51563 .53125 .54688 .5625 .57813 .59375 .60938 .6250 .6406 .6563 .6719 .6875 .7031 .7188
Fraction
47/64 3/4 49/64 25/32 51/64 13/16 53/64 27/32 55/64 7/8 57/64 29/32 59/64 15/16 61/64 31/32 63/64 1
Decimal
.7344 .7500 .7656 .7813 .7969 .8125 .8281 .8438 .8594 .8750 .8906 .9063 .9219 .9375 .9531 .9688 .9844 1.0000
MEASURE OF VOLUME
Volume Measures
1 cubic centimeter 1 cubic inch 1 cubic centimeter 1 cubic foot 1 cubic yard 1 stere 1 cord 1 liter 1 quart dry 1 quart liquid 1 dekaliter 1 gallon 1 peck 1 hektoliter 1 bushel
Metric Equivalents
0.061 cubic inch 16.39 cubic centimeter 0.0353 cubic foot 28.371 cubic decimeters 0.7646 cubic meter 0.2759 cord 3.264 steres 0.908 quart dry / 1.0567 quarts liq. 1.101 liters 0.9463 liter 2.6417 gallons / 1.135 pecks 0.3785 dekaliter 0.881 dekaliter 2.8375 bushels 0.3524 hektoliter
Back to Directory
WELDING WIRE
AND
TABLES AND CHARTS
WIRE GAUGE TABLE

Gauge
0000 000 00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Inches
.46000 .40964 .36480 .32486 .28930 .25763 .22942 .20431 .18194 .16202 .14428 .12849 .11443 .10189 .09074 .08081 .07196 .06408 .05706 .05082 .04525 .04030 .03589 .03196 .02846 .02535 .02257 .02010 .01790 .01594 .01420 .01264
Millimeters
11.6840 10.4049 9.2659 8.2514 7.34814 6.54371 5.82734 5.18940 4.62129 4.11538 3.66485 3.26364 2.90636 2.58819 2.30485 2.05253 1.82783 1.62773 1.44953 1.29085 1.14953 1.02369 0.91162 0.81182 0.72295 0.64380 0.57332 0.51056 0.45467 0.40489 0.36057 0.32109
Gauge
29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Inches
.01126 .01003 .00893 .00795 .00708 .00630 .00561 .00500 .00445 .00397 .00353 .00314 .002800 .002494 .002221 .001978 .001761 .001568 .001397 .001244 .001108 .000986 .000878 .000782 .000697 .000620 .000552 .000492 .000438 .000390 .000347 .000309
Millimeters
0.28594 0.25464 0.22676 0.20194 0.17983 0.16014 0.14261 0.12700 0.11310 0.10072 0.08969 0.07987 0.07113 0.06334 0.05641 0.05023 0.04473 0.03984 0.03547 0.03159 0.02813 0.02505 0.02231 0.01987 0.01769 0.01576 0.01403 0.01249 0.01113 0.00991 0.00882 0.00786
OTHER USEFUL CONVERSIONS

Measurements
Temperature Coating Weight Draw Speed Stainless Steel Metric Distance
Conversions
F = 1.8 x C + 32 1 oz./ft. 2 = 305.5g/m 2 Feet per minute / 196.8 = meters per second Diameter 2 x 2.7 = pound per lineal foot 1 Foot x .3048 = 1 meter 1 inch / 25.4 = 1 millimeter 1 Micron = .001 millimeter = .0000394 inches
Tensile Strength Weight
PSI = mPa / .006895 1 kg = 2.2 pounds
Techalloy Welding Products is part of a worldwide metals group owned by Central Wire. This alliance provides Techalloy an international reach, with advantages in financial, technical and operational resources.
Those advantages go straight to you, the customer, through faster turnaround times, more stock on hand, and better pricing.
Techalloy Welding Products 2310 Chesapeake Avenue Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 21222 Phone: (800) 638-1458 Fax: (410) 633-2033
7402 Neuhaus Houston, Texas, USA, 77061 Phone: (800) 231-0539 Fax: (713) 466-7425 2500 A Street
Techalloy Welding Products 2044 Rogers Road Perth, Ontario, Canada K7H 1P9 Phone: (888) 267-3761 Fax: (613) 264-5551
Perris, California, USA, 92570 Phone: (800) 233-3418 Fax: (951) 943-6061 Warehousing and distribution to open in Dubai, UAE (early 2008)
WORLDWIDE A NAME
TO
RELY ON
NORTH AMERICA'S LEADER

Printed in USA
IN
STAINLESS STEEL
AND
NICKEL ALLOY WIRES

(XXXXXX)

Welding Handbook

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Welding Handbook

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

WELDING WIRE AND ELECTRODES

www.techalloy.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products

WELDING WIRE AND ELECTRODES

QUALITY ITS WHAT WERE ALL ABOUT.

www.techalloy.com / 1-800-638-1458 / 2007 / Techalloy Welding Products

TECHALLOY AND CENTRAL WIRE GROUP

www.techalloy.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products

ISO 9001:14001 CERTIFIED

AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING

CANADIAN WELDING BUREAU

MILITARY QUALIFIED PRODUCT LIST

www.techalloy.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products

www.techalloy.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products

NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL ALLOY WELDING WIRES

TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WIRE

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED)

430 MPA 35%

Carbon Titanium Chromium Nickel

.03 0.50 43.6 Balance

Tensile Strength 107,000 PSI Elongation

740 MPA 30%

Carbon Manganese Silicon Nickel

.05 .22 .05 99.6

Tensile Strength 66,500 PSI Yield Strength 36,000 PSI Elongation

250 MPA 40%

Tensile Strength 66,500 PSI Yield Strength 38,000 PSI Elongation

260 MPA 28% 720 MPA

Tensile Strength 105,000 PSI Yield Strength 81,000 PSI Elongation

560 MPA 40%

www.techalloy.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products

NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL ALLOY WELDING WIRES

TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WIRE

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED)

140 MPA 32% 530 MPA

360 MPA 34% 590 MPA

Tensile Strength 86,000 PSI Yield Strength 52,000 PSI Elongation

360 MPA 38%

Tensile Strength 112,000 PSI Yield Strength 88,000 PSI Elongation

610 MPA 28%

Tensile Strength 115,000 PSI Yield Strength 82,000 PSI Elongation

570 MPA 38%

www.techalloy.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products

NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL ALLOY WELDING WIRES

TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WIRE

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED)

TECHALLOY 625/ 625HWT

590 MPA 27%

TECHALLOY 625 FCA

Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Columbium Molybdenum Nickel

.04 .35 .30 21.5 3.5 9.0 59

550 MPA 30% 860 MPA

630 MPA 27%

Tensile Strength 88,500 PSI Yield Strength 61,000 PSI Elongation

420 MPA 34%

Techalloy is a registered trademark of Techalloy Welding Products

www.techalloy.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products

NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL ALLOY WELDING WIRES

.035 inches .045 inches 1/16 inches

3/32 inches 1/8 inches 5/32 inches

TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL WIRES

Specication AWS A5.14

.05 .03 .06 .008 .009 .04 .04 .01

.75 21.8 3.1 21.5

.62 21.9 .62 21.5