RFID PATENT ANALYSIS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PROJECT

Shilpa Govada | Shirish Kandekar | Rachana Pejaver | John Wahlman

WHO DID WHAT

Task Data Collection Data Parsing Database Loading Query writing Bibliometric Analysis Citation Network Analysis Shilpa Shirish Rachana John

Co-word and co-author analysis

Literature Review Final Report and Presentation
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INTRODUCTION
The technology behind RFID has been around since the early 1920s. The first patent to be associated with the abbreviation RFID was granted to Charles Walton in 1983 Since 1983 there have been 3,952 patents that used the term RFID* The RFID market has grown rapidly and reached $5 billion in sales in 2007 according to research firm IDTechEx

The RFID business is expected to reach $25 billion by 2017

* As of 19 Feb 2008

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

The goal of this project is to conduct original knowledge management research related to RFID patents.

This research will result in competitive intelligence that may be useful to organizations investing in RFID.

Study and analyze the process of technology innovations by local and international enterprises

LITERATURE REVIEW

Yen-Chun Wu and Tzu-Chin Yen, RFID technology innovations: the use of patent data. International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management Vol. 10 No. 1 (2007): 106-120 H Dou,V Leveille, S Manullang, and JM Dou Jr., Patent analysis for competitive technical intelligence and innovative thinking. Data Science JournalVol. 4 (2005): 209-236 Chen-Yuan Liu, James Chingyu Yang, "Decoding Patent Information Using Patent Maps." Data Science Journal Vol. 7 (2008): 14-22 Leydesdorff, Loet, The University-Industry Knowledge Relationship: Analyzing Patents and the Science Base of Technologies. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology Vol. 55 No. 11 (2004): 991-1001 Leydesdorff, Loet, and Lina Hellsten, Metaphors and Diaphors in Science Communication: Mapping the Case of Stem-Cell Research. Science Communication Vol. 27 No. 1 (2005): 64-99
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RESEARCH DESIGN
Data acquisition > Patent parsing > Research status analysis
Research Status Analysis
USPTO database

Collected by Keywords Data Acquisition

Patent Publication

Number of Patents

Patent Importance/ Strength

Average number of cites

Patent Parsing

Knowledge Diffusion

Citation Network

Loading in the DB

CoOccurrence Analysis

Co - Author Analysis

DATA ACQUISITION

United States Patent and Trademark Office

All patents since 1976 available in full-text First patent using RFID term was in 1983 Searched Issued Patents database Pulled all 3,952 patents using the term RFID with a Perl program

DATA PARSING

Parsed 3,935 patents with a Java program Loaded full dataset into MS SQL database Can join any table to any other table through PatentID
Table Assignee ForeignPatentRef IntlClass Inventor OtherRef Patent Attributes 6 4 7 8 3 9 Tuples 3,651 16,145 11,511 10,916 24,314 3,935

PatentContent
PatentRef UsClass
8

7
5 4

3,935
126,359 16,724

DATA ATTRIBUTES
Assignee
PatentID AssigneeName

ForeignPatentRef
PatentID CitedPatentID

IntlClass
PatentID SectionName

Inventor
PatentID LastName

OtherRef
PatentID Reference

Patent
PatentID IssueDate

PatentContent
PatentID Abstract

PatentRef
PatentID CitedPatentID

UsClass
PatentID ClassName

City
State Country Rank

CitedPatentDate
Rank

ClassName
SubClass MainGroup SubGroup Rank

MiddleName
FirstName City State Country Rank

Rank

Title
ApplicationNo FileDate ApplicationType Attorney PrimaryExaminer AssistantExaminer

Claim
Description Title FileDate IssueDate

CitedPatentDate
CitedAuthor Rank

SubClass
Rank

Bolded attributes were used in this research No processing of attributes was necessary

RESEARCH STATUS ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

Patent publication Number of patents by country in each year Number of patents by continent in each year

Number of patents by assignee in each year

Number of patents by technology field in each year Inventors with most patents Patents most cited

Patent importance and strength

Average number of cites by country

Average number of cites by assignee Average number of cites by technology fields

Knowledge diffusion Country citation network analysis

Institution citation network analysis

Technology citation network analysis Co-author analysis Co-occurrence analysis
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Findings: Patent Publication

Number of patents by country in each year Number of patents by continent in each year Number of patents by assignee in each year Number of patents by technology field in each year Inventors with most patents Patents most cited

BASIC STATISTICS

3,935 RFID patents were submitted by: 1,209 assignees 5,843 inventors 2,391 primary inventors 32 countries

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TOP 20 COUNTRIES BY PATENTS ISSUED

US is dominant with 78.3% of all RFID patents issued in last decade

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TOP 20 COUNTRIES BY PATENTS ISSUED

US dominance has accelerated in recent years

Zoom in on all countries except US

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TOP 20 COUNTRIES BY PATENTS ISSUED

Excluding the US, Japan is the leader with nearly three times as many patents as Germany

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PATENTS ISSUED BY CONTINENT

North America leads

Asia overtook Europe in 2007

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PATENTS ISSUED BY ASSIGNEE

Micron Technology Inc is leading followed by IBM Corporation and Symbol Technolgies

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PATENTS ISSUED BY ASSIGNEE

Micron Technology Incs dropped off dramatically after 2001 IBM, Symbol Technologies, and HP have become leaders in recent years

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PATENTS ISSUED BY TECHNOLOGY FIELD

Communications, Electrical and Registers are leading technology fields for RFID patents Communications, Electrical has more patents than all other fields in the top 10

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PATENTS ISSUED BY TECHNOLOGY FIELD

Communications, Electrical has lead significantly since 1997, but Registers has grown rapidly since 2002

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INVENTORS WITH MOST PATENTS

John R. Tuttle and Mark E. Tuttle John works at Micron Mark used to work at Micron John cited Mark 39 times Mark has never cited John Brothers???
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PATENTS MOST CITED

Patent 5649296 is the most cited RFID patent, yet its inventor and assignee are not among the top 20

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Findings: Patent Importance and Strength

Average number of cites by country Average number of cites by assignee Average number of cites by technology fields

BASIC STATISTICS

126,359 citations
12,442 to RFID patents 113,917 to non-RFID patents

Citations from 3,926 distinct RFID patents

Citations to 43,820 distinct patents

1,502 distinct RFID patents 42,318 distinct non-RFID patents
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AVERAGE NUMBER OF CITES BY COUNTRY

Top 10 countries by patent count Ranked by the average number of cites

United States has the most cited patents

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AVERAGE NUMBER OF CITES BY ASSIGNEE

Top 10 assignees by patent count Ranked by the average number of cites

Motorola has the most cited patents

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AVERAGE NUMBER OF CITES BY TECHNOLOGY FIELD

Top 10 technology fields by patent count Ranked by average number of cites

Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices has the highest average number of cites

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Findings: Knowledge Diffusion

Country citation network analysis Institution citation network analysis Technology citation network analysis

COUNTRY CITATION NETWORK ANALYSIS

All 32 countries citing all other countries Nodes sized proportionally to citation count Diagram created in NetDraw

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COUNTRY CITATION NETWORK ANALYSIS

All 32 countries citing all other countries Diagram created in GraphViz

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COUNTRY CITATION NETWORK ANALYSIS

Showing only links of 10 or greater

20 countries
Nodes sized proportionally to citation count Diagram created in NetDraw

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COUNTRY CITATION NETWORK ANALYSIS

Showing only links of 10 or greater Diagram created in GraphViz

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INSTITUTION CITATION NETWORK ANALYSIS

All assignees with links of 15 or greater Nodes sized proportionally to citation count Node labels sized proportionally to citation count Diagram created in NetDraw

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INSTITUTION CITATION NETWORK ANALYSIS

Micron

Institutions with links of 15 or greater Diagram created in GraphViz

IBM

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TECHNOLOGY FIELD CITATION NETWORK ANALYSIS

Technology Fields with links of 15 or greater Nodes sized proportionally to citation count Diagram created in NetDraw

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TECHNOLOGY FIELD CITATION NETWORK ANALYSIS

Technology Fields with links of 15 or greater Diagram created in GraphViz

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Findings: Co-Author Analysis

CO-AUTHOR ANALYSIS

5,843 authors 26 authors have 20 or more patents 81 authors have between 10 and 20 patents

1,576 authors have less than 10 patents

4,157 authors have only one patent

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CO-AUTHOR ANALYSIS

Removed authors with less than 20 patents Applied Springembedding layout Results in five distinct groupings of co-authors

Diagram created in NetDraw

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CO-AUTHOR ANALYSIS

Same as previous; diagram created in GraphViz

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Findings: Co-Occurrence Analysis

Analysis Procedure Patent Titles Patent Abstracts

CO-OCCURRENCE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

Step Description Tools

1
2 3 4 5 6 7

Query desired text for analysis

Build word frequency list Remove stop words such as at, be, of, the Remove very common words such as RFID Remove words occurring less than 50 times Generate co-occurrence matrix Generate diagram

MS SQL
TextSTAT-2.exe Stopword.exe Manual Manual Fulltext.exe Pajek.exe

Filter to remove weaker correlations

Pajex.exe

Procedure from Loet Leydesdorff of the University of Amsterdam: http://users.fmg.uva.nl/lleydesdorff/software/fulltext/ 42

PATENT TITLES CO-OCCURRENCE NETWORK

Titles contain 3,756 distinct words 3,658 unique words after removing stop words Diagram created in Pajek using the Kamada-Kawai layout

(N Patents = 3,935; Word frequency > 49; 50 words connected at the threshold level of cosine 0.000).
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PATENT TITLES CO-OCCURRENCE NETWORK

Transformed to remove lines with values < .975 Can really start to see relationships between words Diagram created in Pajek using the Kamada-Kawai layout

(N Patents = 3,935; Word frequency > 49; 50 words connected at the threshold level of cosine 0.975).
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PATENT ABSTRACTS CO-OCCURRENCE NETWORK

Abstracts contain 12,321 distinct words 11,680 distinct words after removing stop words Diagram created in Pajek using the Kamada-Kawai layout

(N Patents = 3,935; Word frequency > 598; 50 words connected at the threshold level of cosine 0.000).
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PATENT ABSTRACTS CO-OCCURRENCE NETWORK

Transformed to remove lines with values < .85

Diagram created in Pajek using the Kamada-Kawai layout

(N Patents = 3,935; Word frequency > 598; 50 words connected at the threshold level of cosine 0.85).
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CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Conclusions
RFID is used in many different fields United States is the leader in this field Identified invisible college of scholars among inventors

Future Work
Very hot field with high activity Update this type of research annually
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REFERENCES

Yen-Chun Wu and Tzu-Chin Yen, RFID technology innovations: the use of patent data. International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management Vol. 10 No. 1 (2007): 106-120 H Dou,V Leveille, S Manullang, and JM Dou Jr., Patent analysis for competitive technical intelligence and innovative thinking. Data Science JournalVol. 4 (2005): 209-236 Chen-Yuan Liu, James Chingyu Yang, "Decoding Patent Information Using Patent Maps." Data Science Journal Vol. 7 (2008): 14-22 Leydesdorff, Loet, The University-Industry Knowledge Relationship: Analyzing Patents and the Science Base of Technologies. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology Vol. 55 No. 11 (2004): 991-1001 Leydesdorff, Loet, and Lina Hellsten, Metaphors and Diaphors in Science Communication: Mapping the Case of Stem-Cell Research. Science Communication Vol. 27 No. 1 (2005): 64-99
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REFERENCES

Websites:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID http://www.idtechex.com/products/en/view.asp?productcategoryid=93 http://users.fmg.uva.nl/lleydesdorff/software/fulltext/ http://users.fmg.uva.nl/lleydesdorff/indicators/lesson1.htm http://users.fmg.uva.nl/lleydesdorff/indicators/lesson2.htm http://users.fmg.uva.nl/lleydesdorff/indicators/lesson5.htm

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