According to Austin, there are three types of acts that can be performed by every utterance, given the right

circumstances. According to Austin, there are three types of acts that can be performed by every utterance, given the right circumstances: Locutionary is the act of actually uttering. Illocutionary is the act performed in saying something. The illocutionary act is not in one-to-one correspondence with the locution from which it is derived. There are different locutions that express the same illocution and vice-versa. For example, there are indirect speech acts, that is acts with a different force than the obviously deducible one. A typical example is the locution of the utterance ``Could you pass the salt?'' uttered at a dinner table. For a speaker of English in the particular situation this means ``Pass the salt, please'' and no one would assume that the speaker is indeed interested in whether the addressee would be able to pass the salt. Perlocutionary is the act performed by saying something in a particular context. It represents the change achieved each time, in a particular context. Depending on the kind of perlocution, different conditions have to hold in order for it to be achieved. For example, the addressee in the salt example has to realise that the speaker's intention is to ultimately get hold of the salt. Verbs that name the speech act that they intend to effect are called Performatives . A performative uttered by the right person under the right circumstances has as a result a change in the world. For example, ``I pronounce you husband and wife'' uttered by a priest, in the church with all the legal and traditional aspects being settled, will have the actual effect of the couple referred to being husband and wife after the performative has taken place.

Analisis tipe speech act dari ujaran yang ada di iklan itu. Searle suggests the following classification of speech acts: (Theory Searle) Assertives : They commit the speaker to something being the case. The different kinds are: suggesting, putting forward, swearing, boasting, and concluding. Example: No one makes a better cake than me. Directives : They try to make the addressee perform an action. The different kinds are: asking, ordering, requesting, inviting, advising, and begging. Example: Could you close the window?. Commissives : They commit the speaker to doing something in the future. The different kinds are: promising, planning, vowing, betting, opposing. Example: I'm going to Paris tomorrow. Expressives : They express how the speaker feels about the situation. The different kinds are: thanking, apologizing, welcoming, deploring. Example: I am sorry that I lied to you. Declarations : They change the state of the world in an immediate way. Examples: You are fired, I swear, I beg you''. Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Speaker(s) Participant (P) 1 P2 P3 P2 P4 P1 Utterances Eh, entar pemilu kamu pilih partai apa? Ehmm, nggak milih partai apa-apa. (Declaration) Golput? Iya. (Declaration) Ya, aku juga. (Declaration) Aku juga awalnya golput. Aku pikir semua partai sama aja, semua orang partai bermasalah. Tapi setelah aku ngobrol sama Inka, aku berubah pikiran. (Expressive) Nah supaya semua orang bermasalah itu nggak menang, kita harus memilih orang-orang atau partai yang bias kita percaya. (Assertive, putting forward) Memangnya ada? Pasti ada. (Assertive, concluding) Makanya kita harus aktif. Kita harus cari tau informasi apa dan bagaimana partai yang bakal kita dukung. Siapa dan bagaimana orang yang bakal kita pilih. (Directive, advising) Aduh, males banget deh. (Expressive) Kamu nggak boleh kayak gitu. Pilihan kita itu nentuin masa depan kita, masa depan bangsa kita dan masa depan negara kita. (Directive, ordering) Yeee. Ye apaan?

7.

P3

8. 9.

P2 P1 P3

10. 11.

P4 P1

12. 13.

P4 P1

14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

P4 P3 P5 All P5 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1

25.

P3

26. 27.

P2 P1

Tau. Marni benar. (Declarative) Hai. Hai. (Expressive, welcoming) Jadi? Jadi dong. (Declarative) Mau ke mana? Ke bioskop, nonton. (Declarative) Katanya golput, kok nonton sih? Emang apa hubungannya? Bisa atau enggaknya film itu diputar di bioskop itu tergantung pada kebijakan pemerintah. Soal kesenian, pendidikan, hiburan, pokoknya semuanya deh. Itu semua tergantung pada kebijakan pemerintah. Siapa yang akan ada di pemerintahan nanti dan siapa yang akan mengatur kebijakan itu semua tergantung hasil pemilu. (Assertive, putting forward) Nah, kalau kamu kepingin pemerintah yang kebijakannya sesuai sama aspirasi kamu berarti kamu harus ikut pemilu, harus nyoblos. (Assertive, suggesting) Hmm, jadi kamu mau pilih partai apa? PKS dong. (Assertive, boasting)

Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN) No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Speaker(s) Amien Rais (AR) Taufik Kurniawan (TR) Dradjad Wibowo (DW) Zulkifli Hasan (ZH) Alvin Lie (AL) Hatta Rajasa (HR) All Utterance Kita semua terlahir bersahabat. Sahabat yang setia, .. ..mendampingi kerja keras setiap manusia Indonesia. (Assertive, concluding) Sahabat yang adil membagi cahayanya tanpa membedabedakan. (Assertive, concluding) Sahabat yang membangunkan raga, .. ..dan pikiran tanpa mengenal pamrih. (Assertive, concluding) Matahari, sahabat kerja nyata seluruh rakyat Indonesia. (Assertive, concluding) Pilihlah PAN, coblos PAN. Coblos delapan. (Directive, inviting)