International Journal of Engineering Innovation & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, ISSN : 2277 5668

Knowledge Warehouse Framework

Mir Sajjad Hussain Talpur
Information Technology Centre, Sindh Agriculture University mirsajjadhussain@sau.edu.pk

Hina Shafi Chandio

Information Technology Centre, Sindh Agriculture University hunnyshafi@gmail.com

Sher Muhammad Chandio

Information Technology Centre, Sindh Agriculture University hussanichandio@yahoo.com

Hira Sajjad Talpur

Information Technology Centre, Sindh Agriculture University drhirasajjad@gmail.com

Abstract - Decision Support Systems (DSS) helps the management in making accurate and timely decisions for successful business operations. Data Warehouse (DW) is one of the solutions for decision-making process in a business organization. But it only store data for managerial purpose and has no intelligent mechanism for decision making. This raises the issue of knowledge storage in organization for high capability decision support. Problem also arises during accessing of knowledge from different sources and comprehensively integration of knowledge. So a new generation knowledge enabled system is needed to store the knowledge along with data and information. A framework of knowledge warehouse is introduced, which is enhanced form of data warehouse to provide a platform/ infrastructure to capture, refine and store consistent and adequate knowledge along with data to improve decision making in an organization. A common storage format based on objects is also proposed to store the knowledge. The proposed architecture of knowledge warehouse would be new direction towards the decision support system for executive managers based on knowledge. Keywords Warehouse, Data, Literature, DSS.

mining and make this knowledge explicit and available in public domain for intellectual consumption. Information repositories, such as knowledge centered libraries have begun to appreciate the power of the knowledge management systems and are investing their critical resources in terms of manpower and technologies to make them technology driven. The functions of information professionals are undergoing drastic changes in terms of moving beyond cataloguing and sorting to include providing customized information to individual requirements. Therefore, information professionals, today, need to be intellectually equipped to leverage knowledge management systems to provide required customized services efficiently [2].

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

It is observed from the above that still number of problems exists in the knowledge creation, management, storage, transfer, etc. So there is lot of scope to explore and research in the area of knowledge management. Modern computer technologies cannot replace humans, but can support them in their efforts to better understand situations and codify knowledge. A number of technologies support the knowledge management process. It includes Decision Support Systems (DSS), Information Technology (IT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Expert Systems [3]. Other technologies that support the knowledge management are audio conferences, document management system, online databases, collaborative work support tools, corporate yellow pages and experts, data mining tool, email, help desk applications, video conference, portals, information retrieval engines [4]. Usually intelligent search agents and case-based reasoning are used for knowledge base sophisticated systems and neural networks used for data mining. Business Intelligence (BI) is a technical process of innovation in the data warehousing and business intelligence space.BI involves acquiring data, information and / or knowledge from variety of sources and utilizes these in decisions making [5]. Data mining or Knowledge mining is finding of unknown pattern or knowledge in databases respectively. It is the process that uses statistical, mathematical, artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to extract and identify useful information and subsequent knowledge from large databases. Major area of Artificial Intelligence (AI) include expert systems, natural language processing, neural networks, case base reasoning, genetic algorithms, speech understanding, intelligent robotics, computer vision, fuzzy logics, intelligent agent,

I. INTRODUCTION
Management Information System leads to Decision Support System (DSS) and uses data, models and possible knowledge for solution of semi structured and unstructured problems. DSS are a specific class of computerized information system that support business and organization decision making activates. DSS help the management in making accurate and timely decisions, which leads to successful business that not only increase the productivity but also increase the profit of the business. Data Warehouse (DW)is the best solution for decision-making process in a business organization. Top level management of an organization requires historical, summarized and consolidated data for efficient decision-making process provided by data warehouse. Data warehousing is up to date architectures for strategic decision making.It gives tools for executives of business to methodically organize, understand, and use data to make advanced decisions.It has been analyzed that data warehouse is an infrastructure used to extract, cleanse and store large amount of business data from different operational systems into a common storage format. Then different tool are used to produce efficient and accurate response to user query[1]. A technology-driven organization needs to leverage knowledge management process efficiently to be effective and competitive. Such organizations tend to capture tacit knowledge using various IT-based technologies like data

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intelligent computer aided instruction and neural stored in computer systems is known as explicit computation [3].Expert system is concerned with the knowledge. It can be distributed to others independently problem solving aspects of human expertise. It is a [3]. Tacit knowledge is the form of knowledge difficult to computer application which aims to replicate the reasoning store and codify. It involves trade skill and secrets, mental of an expert in solving fairly complex real-world problems maps, insights, wisdom, expertise, knowhow of people and where lessons learnt from experience play an important process in organization through present and past part [6]. Knowledge representation and management is the experiences [3].It has been analyzed that data warehouse is sub area of Artificial Intelligence. It relates to design and an infrastructure used to extract, cleanse and store large implement different representing information from various amount of business data from different operational systems sources. Frame is a data structure used to store knowledge into a common storage format. Then different tool are used of a particular object. A special hierarchical structure is to produce efficient and accurate response to user query used to organize knowledge in it. It can be said that frame [1]. is special type of directed graph. It is widely used in The existing architecture of the Knowledge Warehouse applications of objects oriented programming for Artificial (KW) by Nemtai in [10] has various limitations.The Intelligent and Expert System [3]. Object Oriented (OO) exiting architecture of KW is basic and at abstract level, paradigm is built on the foundation laid by the structured the knowledge captured, codified and cataloged from programming concept and data abstraction.Main features diverse representations sources like frames, semantic nets, of OO representation include object, classes, abstraction, decision table, knowledge refinement, maintenance and encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism,new data type knowledge transformation, and knowledge storage issues. andreusability [7]. Semantic network depicts knowledge graphically using nodes and links (arcs or arrows) between III. PROBLEM STATEMENT nodes. Nodes represent concepts or object, while links are used to represent the relationship between the nodes. Some Data warehouse is basically used to provide information of the common relationships used by arcs are "is-a" or to knowledge workers for efficient decision making based "has-a" to show inheritance and composition respectively on solid foundation of facts. The current state of data [3].Decision tables or logic tables are used to store data warehousing raises the issue of knowledge storage for high and knowledge in tabular form using rows and columns capability decision support. Problems also arise during [8]. They are the best choice to represent the data and access of knowledge from different sources like frame, knowledge as they are quick and easy to understand and semantic network, decision table, decision tree, scripts etc. program [3]. Decision tree is hierarchical representation of and comprehensively integration of knowledge. In this knowledge relationships composed of nodes and links. research, efforts are made to sketch the architecture of Nodes represent goals while links are used for decisions. Knowledge Warehouse to store data, information and In [3], decision trees can simplify the knowledge knowledge as well. It can capture knowledge from two acquisition process and are more natural than frames and sources i.e. frames, semantic network; other sources can be rule knowledge representation techniques. In production added in future work. This acquire knowledge will be rules, knowledge is represented in condition- action pairs transformed into Meta knowledge using transformation [3]. Whenever, if condition occurs then some action will algorithm. This transformed Meta knowledge is called be performed. Script is useful knowledge representation knowledge warehouse. To store the data and knowledge in structure design to represent activities rather than objects knowledge warehouse, a knowledge storage format (i.e. [9]. It is particularly help full in stereotypical situations object base) is also proposed. and daily base event that people face every day in their lives and describes the sequences of events [3]. A IV. PROPOSED SOLUTION relational database store huge data organized and arranged in sequence in described tables from which data can be In this research work, Knowledge Warehouse retrieved or reassembled in many different ways without architecture is proposed for the solution of research having to reorganize the database tables. OAV triplet is the problem. The proposed knowledge warehouse can provide knowledge representation used to represent Object, the intelligent mechanism for the decision making based Attributes, and Values. Knowledge map is the visual on knowledge in the knowledge warehouse. Organizations representation of tacit and explicit knowledge such as have the information, data & knowledge in different forms experiences, methods, and process, judgments within the coming from different sources such as semantic networks, organization. It includes circle or images connected by frames, knowledge map, production rules, decision table, lines, each labeled, to form the hierarchical view of decision trees, scripts, use cases etc. Theses knowledge knowledge[3].Knowledge management provides structure representation techniques have advantage and knowledge that enables effective and efficient problem disadvantages. Problem also arises during access of solving, dynamic learning, strategic planning and decision- knowledge from different sources like frame, semantic making [3]. Prepare knowledge for usage, utilization of network, decision table, decision tree, scripts etc. and knowledge and knowledge protection are the three basic knowledge warehouse can make possible to three elements involve in knowledge management. comprehensively integrate of diverse knowledge sources Knowledge generally exists in two types i.e. explicit and into a common format. Some of the important issues are tacit. The form of knowledge that can be codified and Copyright 2012 IJEIR, All right reserved 263

International Journal of Engineering Innovation & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, ISSN : 2277 5668

the comprehensive architecture of Knowledge Warehouse, knowledge capturing, codifying and catalog from difference sources, knowledge storage format, knowledge transformation into a common format from various sources and knowledge enhancement. The proposed infrastructure can not only store data but also knowledge and is capable of providing a data warehouse services for data as well to facilitate the decision maker(s) to enhance decision making. This acquired knowledge is transformed into common format using the transformation algorithm into an object text file. There is a transformation algorithm for each of the representation source. Then, generated object text file, in this case there are two files; one from frame and second from semantic network, will be integrated and merged into a single object text file by using another algorithm. Then this transformed Meta knowledge will be called knowledge warehouse and can be accessed by developing tools in future. The storage format of knowledge in the knowledge warehouse also has been proposed.
Frame Knowledge Representation Input Knowledge Transformation Function

V. PROPOSED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

In this research work, proposed architecture of knowledge warehouse can provide the infrastructure to store knowledge along with data and information. It is capable to provide the same services for knowledge which data warehouse provides for data. It can facilitate the decision maker(s), in access of knowledge from different sources like decision trees/ tables, frames, logics, semantic networks and use cases and it's comprehensively integration with storage support, to improve decision making. Here, two different sources of knowledge i.e. semantic networks and frames are selected. The basic knowledge warehouse has five main components 1) Knowledge acquisition module 2) Transformation algorithm / function 3) Knowledge refinement and integration module 4) Knowledge storage module and 5) User interface module. An algorithm has been developed to extract knowledge from these sources which is defined in the proposed knowledge warehouse, shown in fig. 1.
Knowledge Integration / Representation Objects

Different forms of knowledge representation

Decision Tree / Table Knowledge Representation Use Case Knowledge Representation Script Knowledge Representation Semantic Network Knowledge Representation Production Rules Knowledge Representation O-A-V Triplet Knowledge Representation

Different forms of knowledge representation

Meta Knowledge

User Interface
Rules

Knowledge Loading

End User

Knowledge base storage using expert system

Fig.1. Proposed knowledge warehouse architecture Transformation algorithm or function is the process of A. Knowledge Acquisition Module Fig: 1 Proposed knowledgetransforming warehouse architecture knowledge from different sources to Knowledge acquisition is the process of extracting, structuring and organizing knowledge from one or more desirable object oriented form. In this research, sources such as frames, semantic nets, knowledge map, transformation algorithms / functions are required to scripts, use case etc. The knowledge acquired from the extract knowledge from the sources like decision table / above sources can further be used as facts or rules and tree, knowledge map, production rules, semantic network, heuristics for a decision support system i.e. expert system. script etc. and converted it into a common desirable An algorithm has been written that can capture the knowledge format, which is object base. Detail of the knowledge from the above mentioned sources and store it algorithm is as under. into an object text file. In most of the cases, separate 1) Algorithm 1: Frames_Semanticto_Object_Text_File This algorithm will convert a knowledge structure transformation function has to write for each of the (semantic networks or frame) into an object text file knowledge sources. having object name, attribute, procedures, generalization B. Transformation Function / Algorithm Knowledge loaded from different sources must be (super classes and subclasses), composition, aggregation, homogenous. This is where transformation is required. association and relationship.

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International Journal of Engineering Innovation & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, ISSN : 2277 5668

Input: A Semantic network or Frame Knowledge structure KS. Output: An Object text file OTF. BEGIN 1. Get a node from KS and store into node1.Write node1 under heading "object name" in OTF. 2. Get attributes and procedures of node1 If found Write attribute(s) under heading "attribute(s)" and procedure under procedure heading in OTF. End if 3. If the node1 is linked with the other node node2 then A. Report relationship found B. If label between node1 and node2 is is a then[Generalization / is-a / a kind of] a. Report inheritance found b. If node1 is to node2 then i. Superclass =node2 ii. Relationship = node1-node2 iii. Write node2 under heading super class(s) and node1 -node2 under heading relationship(s) if not listed in OTF. Else [node1 is from node2] i. Subclass =node2 ii. Relationship = node1-node2 iii. write node2 under heading "sub classes(s)" and node1-node2 (1 n) under heading relationship(s) if not listed in OTF End if Else if label between node1 and node 2 is a -part-of or has-a then[Aggregation / a-part-of / part-whole] a. Report aggregation found b. If node1 is to node2 then i. Relationship = node1-node2 ii. Write node 2 under heading aggregation and node1 -node2 under heading relationships(s) if not listed in OTF. Else [node1 is from node2] i. Relationship = node1-node2 ii. Write node2 under heading aggregation and node1 -node2 under heading relationships(s) if not listed in OTF. End if Else if label between node1 and node 2 is owns/belong-to/others then[Association / owns] a. Report association found b. Relationship = node1-node2(1 n) c. Write node2 under heading association and node1 -node2 under heading relationships(s) if not listed in OTF. End if [End of main if] 4. Repeat step 3 for all the nodes connected with node1 [End of process for one knowledge node] 5. Do step 1- 4 for all the nodes in KS END

C. Knowledge Refinement and Integration Module

When knowledge is acquired from the different sources using the transformation function, then the acquired knowledge should be merge and integrate before storing into knowledge warehouse storage module. The purpose of this step is knowledge coming from different sources using transformation functions has to be verified against inconsistencies and redundancies. In this research, an

algorithm is written which will merge and integrate the knowledge from two object text file to a single object text file. 1) Algorithm 2: Merge_Integrate_SemanticNet_Frames This algorithm will merge and integrate two object text file giving third one. TEMP is a variable to store the value temporally.

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International Journal of Engineering Innovation & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, ISSN : 2277 5668

Input: Semantic networks file in source object text file1 "OTF1", Frames file in source object text file2 "OTF2" Output: An object text file "OTF3" having merged and integrated contents of OTF1 and OTF2. BEGIN 1. Open OTF1 and OTF2 for input, OTF3 for output 2. Read heading "object name" and its contents into TEMP from OTF1 and write TEMP under the heading "object name" in OTF3 3. Read all head heading "attribute(s)", "procedure(s)", "subclass(es)", "super class(es)", "composition", "association", "aggregation" and respective contents of object TEMP from OTF1 and write into OTF3 4. Search TEMP in OTF2 5. If found then A. Report object found in other file also B. Write contents of TEMP into OTF3 under respective heading if missing End if 6. Do step 2-5 for all the objects in OTF1 7. Read heading "object name" and its contents into TEMP from OTF2 8. Search TEMP in OTF3 9. If found then A. Report contents of object already written in OTF3. Else A. Read all heading and respective contents of TEMP and write into OTF3. End if 10. Do step 7-9 for all the objects in OTF2. END The storage of knowledge in knowledge warehouse will be the combination of objects and rules applied to the objects. merge acquired knowledge into a single object text file3 using the algorithm2:Merge_Integrate_ SemanticNet_ Frames. Now Meta knowledge is in the form of object. In future work this file will be loaded into the knowledge warehouse storage based on expert system, combination of objects and production rule, and this stored knowledge will be accessed by the user interface.

VI. IMPLEMENTATION
Knowledge warehouses can be used in many fields for decision-making such as decision-making in government departments, in business organizations or even in universities. As a case example, the focus is to develop knowledge warehouse architecture for a virtual university campus which has distance learning mode of education via internet and virtual television network. The purpose is to help and guide students in choosing the best degree program for them. It will improve the performance of the student and identifies unfavorable conditions for success to the student and suggests remedial activities to enhance the students success. University campus has knowledge available in different form i.e. semantic net, knowledge map, decision trees, frames, production rules etc. According to this research scope, knowledge sources are frames and semantic networks, other sources can be added later. First step is a manual process of acquiring knowledge from the above mentioned sources using the transformation algorithm1:Frames_Semantic_to_Object_TextFile, which is same for both of the sources. The knowledge acquired from semantic network and frames will be stored into to object files object text file1 and object text file2 respectively. Second step will be the knowledge refinement and integration that will refine, integrate and

VII. CASE EXAMPLE

In this research, a virtual university campus has been taken as test case of our knowledge warehouse. The model of university is based on three major components i.e. university campuses, internet and virtual television network. University teachers deliver the lectures through using own four virtual TV channels. This enthusiasm in web-based education is primarily driven by cost savings and bottom line net profits to student and institutions as well.In university web-based masters, bachelor and diploma level courses are being offered. Regardless of all the benefits reported, difficulties are still encountered by students. In fact, past experience since 2000 university campuses show that the web environment for learning is not appropriate for everyone. Normally students take admission without knowing the basic knowledge of university and study mode. There is no mechanism which guides the students to choose best degree program according to their qualification and background. So result leads to disconnection of studies from students even in first semester. It wastes the time and money of the student and effect the reputation of campus and university as well.

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International Journal of Engineering Innovation & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, ISSN : 2277 5668

Human Managerial Staff

is a
is a

Student Name instance of Student has instance of

has r registe register

Internet instance of

is a is a is a Staff get admission Degree get admission composed of Program is a composed of Bachelor Programis a instance of is a Master is a Program instance of MS (CS) instance of is a

Skill instance of

Academics Staff teaches Courses

teaches

is a
is a

Registration Department Examination Department

is a
is a

Department

is a
is a

instance of instance of Java

BCS instance of

Fig.2. Semantic network representation of a virtual university campus

In the fig. 2 above, the semantic network is shown for Object name: Academics Staff, Superclass: Staff, Fig 2 : Semantic network representation of Virtual University of Pakistan Campus Virtual University campus. It shows nodes and links which Association: Courses, Relationship: Academics Staff-Staff, is in ambiguous form because it is difficult to retrieve Academics Staff-Course knowledge from semantic networks for inferring and Object name: Student, Superclass: Human, Association: querying process. A knowledge warehouse is proposed for Registration Department, Degree Program, Aggregation: virtual university campus to guide and help the students in Skills, Relationship: Student-Human, Student-Registration taking best decisions their careers by introducing the Department, Student-Skills, Student-Degree Program mentioned sources into a middleware object text file, Object name: Skills, Aggregation: Student, Relationship: which could easily be implemented. This knowledge Skill-Student warehouse identifies unfavorable conditions for success to Object name: Department, Subclass: Registration the student and suggests remedial activities to enhance the Department, Examination Department, Relationship: students success.There is university knowledge available Department-Registration Department, Departmentfrom different sources like semantic network, frames, Examination Department script, decision tree etc. According to the scope, the Object name: Examination Department, Superclass: acquire knowledge is acquired from two of the source i.e. Department, Relationship: Examination Departmentsemantic network and frame representation.Use the Department proposed algorithm to acquire knowledge from the Object name: Registration Department, Superclass: mentioned sources and will convert it to the object.Now Department, Relationship: Registration Departmentapply algorithm1 to extractknowledge from semantic Department network. This algorithm will generates object list with all Object name: Courses, Aggregation: Degree Program, attributes, procedures, generalization (super classes and Association: Academics Staff, Relationship: Coursesubclasses), composition, aggregation, association and Academics Staff, Course- Degree Program (0 n) relationship and save all output in the form of a text file Object name: Degree Program, Subclass: Bachelor named as object text file. Degree Program, Master Degree Program, Association: Student, Aggregation: Courses, Relationship: Degree A. Object Text File1of Semantic Network using Program- Bachelor Degree Program, Degree ProgramAlgorithm1 Object name: Human, Subclass: Staff, Student, Master Degree Program, Degree Program-Student, Degree Program-Course Relationship: Human-Staff, Human-Student Object name: Bachelor Degree Program, Superclass: Object name: Staff, Subclass: Academics Staff, Managerial Staff, Relationship: Staff-Academics Staff, Degree Program, Relationship: Bachelor Degree Program Degree Program Staff-Managerial Staff Object name: Master Degree Program, Superclass: Object name: Managerial Staff, Superclass: Staff, Degree Program, Relationship: Master Degree ProgramRelationship: Managerial Staff-Staff Degree Program

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International Journal of Engineering Innovation & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, ISSN : 2277 5668

Staff Sid Name Designation .. is a is a Managerial Staff Academics Staff is a Department Hour NoOfPub is a Rate NoOfBooks Did . . Name Add_duty_Insent() Add_wages() Location .. . . . . Courses CCode CTitle Chour .... has is a

Student RegNo Name Qualification .. register is a

Department Did Name Location . is a Registration is a Department Admission_Elig( ) SchlorShip_Elig( ) Deficency_Chk() Courses CCode CTitle Chour .... is a Examination is a Department Final_Term_Elig() .. ..

has is a Department

get admission Did Degree Program Name Location Dname. Duration . DType. .

Department

Department is a is a BachelorProgram MasterProgram Department Department Did Department is a is a Name Bio_Major() Did Credit_Transfer() Did Did Location Dual_Degree() Name Name Name . . Location Location Location . . . . . Fig.3: Frame Representation of a virtual university campus . . . . . Department Department . Department of Virtual Now apply Fig 3: Frame the algorithm1: Object University name: Examination Department, Procedure(s): Representation Did Did Frames_semanticto_Object_Text_File to extracting Final_Term_Elig(), Superclass: Department, Relationship: of Pakistan Campus. Name Did Name knowledgeLocation from Frame. This algorithm will generates Examination DepartmentDepartment Name Location Department object list . with all attributes, procedures, generalization Object name: Location . Registration Department, Procedure(s): . . . ), SchlorShip_Elig( ), Deficency_Chk(), (super classes and subclasses), composition, aggregation, Admission_Elig( Did Department association. and relationship and save all output. in the formName Superclass:. Department, Relationship: Registration . of a text file named as object text Department- Department Didfile "OTF2". A fileLocation Name . containing all the information is given below. Object name: Courses, Attribute(s): CCode, CTitle, Location . Chour, Aggregation: Degree Program, Association: B. Object Text File2 of Frames using Algorithm1 : . . Academics Staff, Relationship: Course-Academics Staff, Frames_semanticto_Object_Text_File . . Object name: Staff, Attribute(s): Sid, Name, Course-Degree Program (0 n)

Did Name Location . . .

Designation, Scale, Salary, Address, Subclass: Academics Staff, Managerial Staff, Relationship: Staff-Academics Staff, Staff-Managerial Staff Object name: Managerial Staff, Attribute(s): Hour, Rate, Procedure(s): Add_duty_Insent(), Superclass: Staff, Relationship: Managerial Staff-Staff Object name: Academics Staff, Attribute(s): NoOfPub, NoOfBooks, Procedure(s): Add_wages(), Superclass: Staff, Association: Courses, Relationship: Academics Staff-Staff, Academics Staff-Course Object name: Student, Attribute(s): RegNo, Name, Qualification, Marks, Address, Association: Registration Department, Degree Program, Aggregation: Skills, Relationship: Student-Registration Department, StudentDegree Program, Student-Skills Object name: Skills, Attribute(s): Sid, Name, Level, Procedure(s): Skill_Credb(), Aggregation: Student, Relationship: Skills-Student (0 n) Object name: Department, Attribute(s): Did, Name, Location, Subclass: Registration Department, Examination Department, Relationship: Department-Registration Department, Department-Examination Department

Object name: Degree Program, Attribute(s): Dname, Duration, DType, Subclass: Bachelor Degree Program, Master Degree Program, Association: Student, Aggregation: Courses, Relationship: Degree ProgramBachelor Degree Program, Degree Program- Master Degree Program, Degree Program-Student, Degree Program-Course Object name: Bachelor Degree Program, Procedure(s): Credit_Transfer(), Dual_Degree(), Superclass: Degree Program, Relationship: Bachelor Degree Program-Degree Program Object name: Master Degree Program, Procedure(s): Bio_Major(), Superclass: Degree Program, Relationship: Master Degree Program-Degree Program Now apply the algorithm2:Merge_Integrate_SemanticNet_Frames to refine, merge and integrate contents of files containing semantic network object text file "OTF1 and frames object text file "OTF2" giving a third object text file "OTF3". A file containing all the information is given below.

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C. Object Text File3"OTF3" of Frame and Semantic

Network using Algorithm 2:
Merge_Integrate_SemanticNet_Frames Object name: Human, Subclass: Staff, Student, Relationship: Human-Staff, Human-Student Object name: Staff, Attribute(s): Sid, Name, Designation, Scale, Salary, Address, Subclass: Academics Staff, Managerial Staff, Superclass: Human, Relationship: Staff-Academics Staff, Staff-Managerial Staff, StaffHuman Object name: Managerial Staff, Attribute(s): Hour, Rate, Procedure(s): Add_duty_Insent(), Superclass: Staff, Relationship: Managerial Staff-Staff, Object name: Academics Staff, Attribute(s): NoOfPub, NoOfBooks, Procedure(s): Add_wages(), Superclass: Staff, Association: Courses, Relationship: Academics StaffStaff, Academics Staff-Course Object name: Student, Attribute(s): RegNo, Name, Qualification, Marks, Address, Superclass: Human, Association: Registration Department, Degree Program, Aggregation: Skills, Relationship: Student-Registration Department, Student-Degree Program, Student-Skills, Student-Human Object name: Skills, Attribute(s): Sid, Name, Level, Procedure(s): Skill_Credb(), Aggregation: Student, Relationship: Skills-Student (0 n) Object name: Department, Attribute(s): Did, Name, Location, Subclass: Registration Department, Examination Department, Relationship: DepartmentRegistration Department, Department-Examination Department Object name: Examination Department, Procedure(s): Final_Term_Elig(), Superclass: Department, Relationship: Examination Department-Department Object name: Registration Department, Procedure(s): Admission_Elig( ), SchlorShip_Elig( ), Deficency_Chk(), Superclass: Department, Relationship: Registration Department-Department Object name: Courses, Attribute(s): CCode, CTitle, Chour, Aggregation: Degree Program, Association: Academics Staff, Relationship: Course-Academics Staff, Course- Degree Program (0 n) Object name: Degree Program, Attribute(s): Dname, Duration, DType, Subclass: Bachelor Degree Program, Master Degree Program, Association: Student, Courses, Relationship: Degree Program- Bachelor Degree Program, Degree Program- Master Degree Program, Degree Program-Student, Degree Program-Course Object name: Bachelor Degree Program, Procedure(s): Credit_Transfer(), Dual_Degree(), Superclass: Degree Program, Relationship: Bachelor Degree Program- Degree Program Object name: Master Degree Program, Procedure(s): Bio_Major(), Superclass: Degree Program, Relationship: Master Degree Program- Degree Program

VIII. CONCLUSIONS
Knowledge warehouse provides the infrastructure needed to capture, cleanse, store, organize, leverage, and disseminate not only data and information but also knowledge. The basic goal of knowledge warehouse is to provide a platform to obtain consistent and adequate knowledge for efficient decision making. However in this research paper, the focus is on the explicit knowledge. Tacit and remaining sources of knowledge can be part of future work. Explicit knowledge can be captured from different sources like sources decision trees/ tables, frames, logics, semantic networks and use cases etc. Access of knowledge from different sources and its comprehensive integration with storage support is very important for efficient decision making. In this research work, two algorithms are proposed; one is used to capture knowledge from above mentioned sources and covert the acquired knowledge into common desired format of object base; Second algorithm is use to merge and integrate the acquired knowledge in two files into a single object text file. Knowledge storage mechanism of knowledge warehouse is also shown. There are various issues and challenges which should be taken in account in future such as tacit and explicit knowledge can be added and integrated from more sources, so more algorithms are required to write for different knowledge structures, automation tool to covert knowledge into object text file, security and maintenance issues and storage structure can be improved.

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AUTHORS PROFILE
Mir Sajjad Hussain Talpur
(2nd November, 1979), has earned master`s degree in Information Technology from Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur mirs, Pakistan in 2003 and another master`s degree in Science & Technology Policy Development from Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan. He is currently working toward the PhD degree in Central South University, Changsha Hunan China. Since 2004, he has been with the Information Technology Centre, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan, where he is currently an Lecturer. His research interests include Privacy in Internet of Things, Network Security, Software Engineering, Semantic web, Computer networks & Intelligent Systems. Mr. Talpur research works have been published in various International journals & conferences of IACSIT & IEEE. Mr. Talpur is an member of IEEE, IACSIT, IJIET, and IJRRAMCS

Hina Shafi Chandio

(13th April, 1986), has earned BS in Information Technology and got Highest GPA, from Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan. On the bases of her academic record Higher Education Commission awarded her Internee under HEC Project Support to Scientific Talent, Program of President of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. During her internship period she teaches various courses to undergraduate students of information technology centre. Her research interests include Semantic web, database system, software engineering & Internet of things.

Sher Muhammad Chandio

(24th Jan, 1990), has received BS(IT) from Information Technology Centre, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan. Currently he is working in Astaa Technologies as a network engineer. His research interests include Network security, Information security, RFID technology.

Dr. Hira Sajjad Talpur

(13th May, 1985), has earned Masters in Animal Nutrition, from Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan. She has a vast experience in research of Animal Nutrition and their Health related issues.

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