UNIVERSITY OF RAJSHAHI

Faculty of Life and Earth Science

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
Syllabus for the M.Sc. Final Examination, 2004
Session 2003-2004
There shall be three groups in the M.Sc. Final Examination in Zoology, i.e., General groups comprising Group-A and
Group-B and a Thesis group comprising Group-C. A student can choose any of the groups subject to the approval of the
Academic Committee of the Department. In addition to a compulsory course (Course 601) the students of any groups
shall take courses of any of the following Special Branches:

Group-A Group-B
Ecology Crop Protection
Fisheries Entomology
Genetics and Molecular Biology Sericulture

The students of Group-C shall take courses of any of the Special Branches from the Group-A or B with the compulsory
course. There shall be of 800 marks for each group. Each theoretical course is of 100 marks and the examination shall
be of 4 hours duration. For groups A and B there shall be a practical examination of 150 marks (6 hours x 4 days = 24
hours duration) at the end of the academic year and a research project of 50 marks. There shall be a viva-voce
examination of 50 marks, a tutorial of 25 marks and class records and collection (if any) of 25 marks. For Group-C,
200 marks will be allotted for a thesis (Research) and 100 marks for viva-voce (50 marks), tutorial (25 marks),
laboratory/field preparations/collections (10 marks) and seminar presentation on dissertation (15 marks).

COMPULSORY COURSE

ZOOLOGY 601 : Advanced Biology

COURSES OF SPECIAL BRANCHES

(For group-A and C)
ZOOLOGY 611 : Ecology-I
ZOOLOGY 612 : Ecology-II
ZOOLOGY 613 : Ecology-III
ZOOLOGY 614 : Ecology-IV
ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL 615 : Ecology (Group-A only)

ZOOLOGY 621 : Fisheries-I

ZOOLOGY 622 : Fisheries-II
ZOOLOGY 623 : Fisheries-III
ZOOLOGY 624 : Fisheries-IV
ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL 625 : Fisheries ( Group-A only)

ZOOLOGY 631 : Genetics and Molecular Biology-I

ZOOLOGY 632 : Genetics and Molecular Biology -II
ZOOLOGY 633 : Genetics and Molecular Biology-III
ZOOLOGY 634 : Genetics and Molecular Biology-IV
ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL 635 : Genetics and Molecular Biology (Group-A only)
(For Groups - B and C )
ZOOLOGY 651 : Crop Protection-I
ZOOLOGY 652 : Crop Protection-II
ZOOLOGY 653 : Crop Protection-III
ZOOLOGY 654 : Crop Protection-IV
ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL 655 : Crop Protection (Group-B only)

ZOOLOGY 661 : Entomology-I

ZOOLOGY 662 : Entomology-II
ZOOLOGY 663 : Entomology-III
ZOOLOGY 664 : Entomology-IV
ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL 665 : Entomology (Group-B only)

ZOOLOGY 671 : Sericulture-I

ZOOLOGY 672 : Sericulture-II
ZOOLOGY 673 : Sericulture-III
ZOOLOGY 674 : Sericulture-IV
ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL 675 : Sericulture (Group-B only)
ZOOLOGY 691 : Research Project (Group A & B only)
ZOOLOGY 692 : Viva-voce (Groups A & B)
ZOOLOGY 693 : Viva-voce (Group C)
ZOOLOGY 699 : Thesis (Research) (Group C only)

DETAILED COURSES
Compulsory Course (For Groups A, B & C)
 2

ZOOLOGY 601
(Advanced Biology)
Full Marks - 100
Time-4 hours
Biophysics: Concept, scope and classification; mechanical, osmotic, electrical and generalized forces in animal bodies;
Matter waves  properties, sensitivity of a detector, body’s detector, physiological effects of intense matter
waves; Speed of some processes in biological systems; The control of biological systems.
Radiation biology: Kinds of radiations and their properties; Source of radiation; units and measurements of radiation;
radio-isotopes and their use in biological and agricultural researches; Use of radiation in food preservation and
stored grain protection; Health hazards from environmental radiation; Fall out problem and fate of
radionucleotides in the environment.
Environment and Applied microbiology: The microbial production of chemotherapeutic agents; Antibiotics
(discovery, production, mode of action, resistance); Viable but non-culturable microbes, The degradation of
synthetic chemicals (pesticides and aromatic compounds) in soil and water.
Modern Techniques in biology: Electron Microscopy, X-ray defraction; Electrophoresis; Spectophotometry;
Chromatography, Remote sensing and GIS.
Exobiology: Concept; pre-biotic earth; life formation in earth and environment of life in solar system.
Genetically Modified Organisms: History; Methods for genetically engineering an organism; Genetically modified
food and medicine; Nutritional and safety aspects of genetically modified organisms; Advantages, challenges,
potential benefits and risks of genetically modified organisms.
Human Ecology: History of human distribution; human types and their distribution; Ecological impact on man’s
physical features, social and cultural life; Impact of population explosion and developmental activities on
environment.

Special Courses (For Groups - A and C)

ZOOLOGY - 611
Ecology - I
(Ecological Concept and Theories)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
a. History and Scope of Ecology: Histrical development of ecology, Relation to other sciences and human
civilization; subdivisions of ecology; the order of the natural world.
b. Principles pertaining to limiting factors: Leibig’s ‘Law’ of the minimum; Shelford’s ‘Law’ of tolerance;
combined concept of limiting factors; ecological indicators.
c. Concept of environment-weather
i.Temperature: The influence of temperature on speed of development; the lethal influence of temperature; the
limits of tolerance; behavior in a gradient of temperature; adaptation to temperature.
ii.Moisture: Behavior in relation to moisture; physiological modifications for conserving water; conservation of
water in terrestrial insects, ticks snails and mammals.
iii.Light: The influence of life light on life cycle of animal.
d. Concept of environment – predator, pathogen and melantities: The biological control of insect pest by
predator and pathogen; predators of vertebrate; the activity of pathogen; melantities.
e. Population theories: Important theories in population ecology; Nicholson’s, Andrewartha and Birch, Milne,
Chitty and Pimental’s theories.
f. Population dynamics: The innate capacity for increase in number; the logistic theory of population growth; the
construction of life table; the construction of stockistic model of population growth.
g. Ecology and evolution: Natural selection by genetic variation; fitness and evolution of natural population; the
evolution of population characteristics; spciation.

ZOOLOGY - 612
Ecology - II
(Ecological Energetics and Ecosystem Ecology)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
a. Ecological energetics: Concept of ecosystem ; energy flow in ecosystem; concept of productivity and
measuring method; ecological efficiencies.
b. Concepts pertaining to organization at population level : Population group properties; natality and motality ;
population age distribution, population growth forms; population dispersal, population structure.
c. Interaction between two species: Negative interactions and positive interactions.
d. Concept pertaining to organization at the community level: Community concept; concepts of ecological
dominance, community analysis, species diversity in community; ecotones and the concept of edge effect.
e. Fresh water ecology: Limiting factor in fresh water environment; ecological classification of fresh water
organisms; zonation of fresh water habitat; adaptation of lotic animals, classification of lakes.
f. Marine ecology: Importance of marine habitat; zonation of sea, communities of the continental shelf region,
communities of the oceanic region.
g. Estuarine ecology: Definition and types, biota and productivity; food production potential.
h. Terrestrial ecology: The terrestrial biota and biogeographic regions; general structure of terrestrial communities;
distribution of major terrestrial communities - the biomes.
 3

ZOOLOGY - 613
Ecology - III
(Environmental Biology)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
a. Microbial ecology: Viable counts, biomass measurement and microscopy; the question of recognition; the
question of performance; importance of microorganisms in environment.
b. The system approach and mathematical models in ecology: The nature of mathematical models; the goals of
model handling; anatomy of mathematical models; basic mathematical tools in model handling; analysis of model
properties; approaches to the development of models.
c. Radiation ecology: Nuclear concepts; comparative radio sensitivity; radiation effects at ecosystem level;
contamination of radio-isotopes, waste management.
d. Pollution: The cost of pollution; the kind of pollution; the phases of waste treatment; the strategy of waste
management and control; monitoring pollution.
e. Environmental health: Principles and methods of epidemiology; detection of outbreaks; environmental
mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.
f. Ecology of space travel: Types of space support system in long space flight; physiological effects of space flight.
g. Conservation of natural resources: Agriculture and forestry; wildlife management; aquaculture; range
management; desalination and weather modification.

ZOOLOGY - 614
Ecology - IV
(Pest Ecology and Vermitechnology)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
a. Pest concept: Definition of the term pest; salient features of different groups of pests; ecology and pest control;
agro-ecosystems affect pest population; Development of pest status.
b. Pest economics: Pest damage – direct and indirect effects; economics of pest attack and control; forecasting of
pest attack.
c. Ecology of crop pests: Important pests of rice and wheat; life history (at least one from each); pest damage and
their control.
d. Ecology of vegetable pest: Important pests of eggplant, tomato and bean; life history (at least one from each),
damage and control of stem borer of eggplant, spider mite of bean and russet mite of tomato.
e. Stored product protection: Important stored pests of rice, wheat and cereals; life history, damage and control of
them (at least one from each).
f. Integrated management of pest (IPM): Definition of IPM; problems and hazards of chemical control;
advantages of IPM over chemical control; importance of biological control and its role in friendly environment.
g. Organic farming and sustainable management: Vermicomposting and vermiculture; use of vermicomposting in
agriculture; management of biological resources

ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL - 615

Ecology (Group - A only)
Full Marks - 150 Time- 24 hours (6x4
days)
a. Comparison of the relative densities of two populations.
b. Estimation of sex ratio of different samples of animals by applying Chi-square test.
c. Comparison of the animal population in different localities by randomized block design.
d. Ecological survey of different groups of animals in different habitat with behaviour in relation to moisture,
vegetation, food and other animals.
e. Detection of the effect of mutagens and carcinogens.
f. Model test of prey - predator relationship.
g. Collection and identification of crop and vegetable pests.
h. Physico-chemical analysis of water- conductivity, total alkalinity, acidity, CO 2, disolved O2 ammonia, N2,
hardness.
i. Analysis of soil and aquatic sediments- sampling, handling, transport and storage.
j. Species diversity indices
k. Collection and survey report should be submitted along with practical note book at the time of examination.

Books Recommended :
Allee, W C et al. : Animal Ecology.
Andrewartha, H G and Birch, L C. : The Distribution and Abundance of Animals.
Andrewartha, H G : The Study of Animal Population.
Begau, M Z and Mortiner, M : Population Ecology.
Brock, T : Principles of Microbial Ecology.
Browing, T O : Animal Population.
Brown A W A : Ecology of Pesticides.
Chhatwal, G. R. : Encyclopedia of Environmental Biology vol. I &II
 4

Clapha, W B : Human Ecosystem

Clarke et al. : The Study of Animal Population in Theory and Practice.
Elton, C. : Animal Ecology.
Hill, D. S. 1987 : Agriculture insect pests of the tropics and their control.
Hutchinson, G E : An Introduction to Population Ecology.
Kormondy, E J : Concepts of Ecology.
Kormondy, E.I : Readings in Ecology.
Leith, H and Whittaker, R H : The Primary Productivity of the Biosphere.
Margalef, R : Perspective in Ecological Theory.
Michael, P. : Ecological Methods for Field and Laboratory Investigations
Nebel, B J : Environmental Science.
Odum, E P : Fundamentals of Ecology.
Philliopson, J : Ecological Energetics.
Quick, H.F : Population Ecology.
Robert, E. R : Ecology
Rutna, F : Fundamentals in Limnology.
Southwood, T. R. E. : Ecological Methods
Whitton, D A : River Ecology

ZOOLOGY - 621
Fisheries - I
(Fisheries Biology)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
1. Structure and function
a. General concept of fish biology
b. External and internal anatomy of fishes (scales, fins, skeletal system, muscular system)
2. Respiration
a. Respiratory organs (regular and accessory respiratory organs)
b. Respiratory mechanisms and patterns
c. Physiology of respiration and transport of gases
d. Air-breathing fishes
3.Blood and its circulation
a. Components and circulation of blood
b. Regulation of heart beat and pressure
4. Excretion and hydromineral balance
a. Physiology of excretion
c. Osmo-regulation, Ionic regulation, Stress response and effects, freezing resistance
c. Acid-base balance, Salt-water balance of freshwater and marine water fishes
5. Food and Feeding
a. Feeding, Nutrition, Digestion, Absorption, assimilation and Excretion
b. Adaptation for feeding
6. Growth of Fishes
a. Factor affecting growth
b. Growth regulation
c. Growth rate measurements and models
7. Reproduction
a. Reproductive anatomy
b. Types of reproduction
c. Breeding behaviour of freshwater, estuarine and marine water fishes
d. Developmental adaptations, Physiological adaptations and Energetic adaptations
e. Alternative reproductive strategies
f. Sex changes in fishes
g. Fecundity estimation and parental care
8. Behaviour and communication
a. Feeding behaviour, Breeding behaviour, Migratory behaviour, and Social behaviour,
b. Communication mechanisms ( visual, auditory, chemical and electrical signals)

ZOOLOGY - 622
Fisheries - II
 5

(Capture, Culture and Management)

Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
I. Capture Fisheries
a) Inland, estuarine and marine capture fisheries.
b) Ecology of freshwater, estuary and sea in relation to fisheries; Mangrove fisheries and effect of deforestation.
c) Commercially important fisheries species of the inland open water, estuary and the Bay of Bengal.
d) Fishing equipments: crafts and gears, their operation and preservation.
e) Principles of fishing: under fishing, optimum fishing and over fishing.
II. Culture Fisheries
a) Criteria for culturable species (fin fish and non-fin fish).
b) Freshwater and coastal aquaculture in Bangladesh, its scope and importance.
c) Freshwater culture: site selection, soil and water condition, preparation of culturable water body, selection of
species and control of aquatic weeds, stocking density, supplemental feeding, culture management.
d) Fish culture methods: extensive, semi-intensive, intensive, mono, poly, mixed, composite fish cultures. Integrated
fish farming: paddy-cum-fish culture, poultry-cum-fish culture, livestock-cum-fish culture, fish-cum-sericulture,
prawn-cum-fish culture, swamp culture, sewage water fish culture, Community Based Fisheries Management
(CBFM).
e) Coastal aquaculture: culturable water, various farming techniques (inter-tidal, sub-tidal, pens, floating cages,
bhericulture).
f) Culture techniques: marine fishes, shrimps and crabs, mussels, clams and oysters, brine shrimp, pearl culture.
III. Fisheries Management
a) Open water fisheries management: riverine, estuarine, marine and flood plain.
b) Fishery reconnaissance: location and detection of fin and non-fin fish, plankton monitoring, eco-sounding, infra-red
photography, fish finder, low-light television, laser ray application, satellite investigation.
c) Fish population dynamics: definition of stock and population, stock abundance, indicators of fluctuating
populations, population structure (age, sex, size), theory of fishing, recruitment parameters (reproduction, stocking,
immigration), mortality and causes of mortality (fishing and natural), fecundity, rates of survival and mortality,
estimation of population size, prey-predator relationships, forage and carnivore fish (F/C) ratio, length-weight
relationship and condition factor, software packages for analysis of population dynamics and stock assessment.
d) Landing and post-harvest management: handling of fresh fish and fisheries species on board and on shore;
characteristics of freshness of fish: physical test (appearance, eyes, colour, odour, flesh, skin, gills), organoleptic.
e) Objectives and principles of fish preservation, preservation methods, products (frozen fin fish and shrimp), and by
products (fish roe, fillets, fish oil, fish meal), value added products (minced fish, surimi based products, fish
protein concentrates-FPC).
f) Quality control of fisheries products: HACCP-based freezing factory (sanitation, inspection and quality control).
g) Fisheries regulations and conservations, protection against hazards and habitat improvement, effective minimum
legal size, regulation of fishing effort, protection of broods and spawns, survival of various age groups (up to first
maturity and first spawning), Wild Life Ordinance of Bangladesh and regulatory authority, open water fisheries
policy of Bangladesh (Jalmohal policy, exclusive economic zone- EEZ of bay of Bengal, International Convention
on Sea).

ZOOLOGY - 623
Fisheries-III
(Fish Pathology and Immunology)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
A. Fish pathology
I. Introduction to fish diseases: Symptom, isolation and diagnosis of fish diseases
II. Factors affecting fish diseases: Water quality, aquatic vegetation, environmental factors (pollution,
contamination, aquatic insects, fertilizer and pesticides used in agriculture, stress and handling and
malnutrition, animal association)
III. Virulence and infection mechanism of fish diseases
IV. Different types of diseases in fish (infectious and non-infectious diseases)
a) Protozoan and metazoan diseases
b) Parasitic diseases (Chilodonella, Trichodina, Costia, Myxobolus, Dactylogyrus)
c) Fungal diseases (Saprolegniasis, Brachimycosis, Ichthyophonus)
d) Viral diseases (Iridovirus, Node virus, Baculovirus, Hypodermal necrosis virus, DNA virus)
e) Bacterial diseases (Motile aeromonad septicaemia/EUS, Columnaris diseases, Furunculosis,
Pseudomonadaceae, Vibrionaceae, Cytophagaceae (Bacterial cold water/ Gill disease), Edwardsiella
septicaemia, Pasteurellaceae, Mycobacteriosis (Gram positive), Bacterial kidney diseases,
Streptococcal infection)
f) Diseases for stress, handling and malnutrition
V. Diseases in important commercial species
a) Prawn and shrimp diseases
b) Shellfish diseases
c) Aquarium fish diseases
VI. Treatment of fish diseases: Disinfect method and chemotherapy
 6

B. Immunology
I. Principal immunology in fish
II. Mechanism of immune system
a) Non-specific immune response
b) Specific immune response
c) Preparation and application of vaccine
d) Methods for assessing and optimizing factors for fish vaccines
e) Methods for vaccination in fish
f) Rules and regulations for use of vaccines and licensing

ZOOLOGY - 624
Fisheries-IV
(Fisheries Extension, Economics and Socio-economy)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
Fisheries Extension
Objectives & principles, extension methods like – mass-media, printed media (News papers, wall news papers and
posters, blackboard news and notice board, books, magazines, news letters, folders and pamphlets), Audio-visual media
(Radio, Television, Theatre), individual extension methods (informal contacts, formal visits of the client), group
extension methods (PAL-participatory appraisal learning, PRA- participatory rural appraisal, RRA- rapid rural
appraisal, demonstrations, Excursions) and other extension methods. Use SWOT- (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities,
threats) methods for planning extension programmes.
Fisheries Economics (Two parts; Farm and Marketing Economics)
Cost involve in fish farming, land/water areas and its rent or lease value, investment for machines, fertilizers (bio-and
chemicals) feeds, seed-fishes and fish seeds, crafts and gears, their preservation and repairing, expenditure for persons
involve (officers, clark, guards, labours etc.), Bank interest for the total invested money etc. Income from total
production of fish, other incomes from farm yard horticulture and animal husbandry if available in the farming area.
Evaluation of net gross investment and return, then net balance. Comparative study on the private and public farms and
their importance in supplying fish in the markets.
Fish marketing
Types of fish landing centres according to physical structures (BFDC-whole sale market Khulna, Chittagong, Barisal,
Pagla, capital city retailing whole sale markets, Divisional, districts, municipal town, village market, door to door
hawker markets). Demand and supply of fishes according to consumer’s choice. Marketing channel (grower to
consumers) price analysis at different levels, cost for transportation and packaging etc. Marketing margin, marketing
margin ratios during in season and off-season. Price index, index number, moving average, price estimation etc.
Socio-economy
Family type, family size, age and sex pyramid, source of income, land holding, house hold status, education, earner
dependency ratio, health (hygiene and sanitation), living standard etc.
ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL - 625
Fisheries (Group - A only)
Full Marks - 150 Time- 24 hours (6x4
days)
I. Taxonomy, morphometrics and biology: (40 marks)
a. Taxonomic study: Species identification
b. Morphomatric and meristic analysis: Mean, Co-variance and Variance, Standard deviation, Coefficient of
correlation, Regression analysis (Y= a+bx), Length-weight relationship (W= aL n/ Y=aXn), Condition factors (K,
Kn), Application of t-test etc.
c. Age determination
d. Accessory respiratory organs
e. Reproductive system (male and female)
f. Fecundity estimation, Sex ratios and application of Chi-square test, GLI and GSI.
g. Feeding adaptations, modification of mouth parts and alimentary canals
II. Capture, culture and management: (35 marks)
a. Identification of culturable fisheries species and brood fish selection.
b. Identification of developmental stages of fin and non-fin fish.
c. Identification of different types of gears.
d. Determination of productivity of a pond from physical parameters.
e. Determination of breeding period of a given species from a 12 month data on condition factor (supplied data).
f. Determination of freshness of fish using visual parameters.
Collection: Freshwater fisheries species, crafts and gears.
Class record:
Field visit and report: Local fish farm, fish seed multiplication farm, prawn seed farm.
III. Fish pathology and immunology: (40 marks)
a. Water management for disease control
b. Ecology of waters of ponds, swamps and paddy field
c. Isolation and identification of pathogen from diseased fish
d. Culture and stock preservation of pathogen
e. Determination of virulence of pathogen
 7

f. Preparation of vaccine and mode of vaccination

g. Detection of antibody
h. Potency test of fish vaccines
i. Water quality test
IV. Fisheries extension, economics and socioeconomy: (35 marks)
a. Field visit and working with the fisher groups, marginal fish farmers, working principles of CBFM program
study, working principle of PRA.
b. Evaluation system of investment and return ratio of some farms or fish cultivators.
c. Preparation of budget for fish farming and hatchery.
d. Practical work for private and public farms and problem and prospect.
e. Calculation of price index number of fisheries community, moving average, price estimation, intra- and extra-
polation.
Books Recommended :
Adiyodi and Adiyodi : Fertilization, Development and Parental Care (Vol. IV)
BOBP – Fisheries Development – 1990. : Country papers from the consultationon fisheries extension,
January 18-20, 1990. Medan, Indonesia.
Bradfield, D.J. 1966. : Guide to Extension Training. FAO Economic and Social
Development Series No. 6. FAO – UN, Rome, Italy.
CBFM Project report, 1996. : DOF – Bangladesh, ICLARM, CARITAS, PROSHIKA –
Funded by The Ford Foundation.
Directorate of Agriculture. Agriculture Extension Manual (in Bengali).Ian Chaston, 1991. : Marketing in
Fisheries and Aquaculture, Blackwell Science.
IFREMER : Advances in Tropical Aquaculture.
J.J. Connel and the staff of the Torry Research Stations. Advances in Fish Science and Technology, Pub. Fishing
News Books Ltd. England, Farnham, Surrey.
Jiggins, J. and Rolling, N. 1982. : The Role of Extension in People’s Participation in Rural
Development, A Technical Report of Human Resources,
Institutions, and Agrarian Reform Division. FAO – UN, Rome,
Italy.
John Kurien : Development of Small-scale Fisheries. Fisheries Co-operatives
in Kerala. A critique. BOBP/MIS/I.
Jungeling, Inge. 1993 : Guidelines on Fisheries extension. BOBP – For Fisheries
Development. Madras, India. P. 1–10.
Lagler et al. : Icthyology
Lagler : Freshwater Fishery Biology
Love : The Chemical Biology of Fishes
Malcolm Beveridge : Cage Aquaculture, Fishing News Books.
Marshal : The Life of Fishes
Moyle and Cech : Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology
Nelson : Fishes of the World
Proceeding of a workshop on Farming System Development. NRDP/DANIDA, Noakhali, 1985. 1 – 89.
Robert R. Stickney (Editor), 2000 : Encyclopedia of Aquaculture, John Wiley and Sons.
Stephen Spotte : Fish and Invertebrate Culture, Pub. – A Wiley Interscience
Publication.
Townsley, Philip. 1996 : Rapid rural appraisal, participatory rural appraisal and
aquaculture, FAO – UN. (358). Rome, Italy.
Tsai, Chu-fa. 1990. : The Five year research master plan for the Bangladesh Inland
and open water capture Fisheries Management. BARC, P. 1 –
108.
ZOOLOGY - 631
Genetics and Molecular Biology – I
(Chromosomal and Extra-Chromosomal Inheritance)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
1. Chromosomal basis of heredity: Inheritance of XY-linked genes, inheritance of X-linked genes, inheritance of
Y-linked genes, inheritance of Z-linked genes, inheritance of automosomal genes in Drosophila and Man, sex-
influenced and sex-limitted characters.
2. Genetic mapping of chromosomes: Construction of genetic mapping, determination of linkage groups,
determination of map distance and gene order, combining map segments, interference and coincidence.
3. Multiple alleles: Characters of multiple allele, Multiple allelism in Drosophila, rabbits and mice; Blood group
alleles in man. Pseudoallele.
4. Mutation: Classification of mutation, molecular mechanism of mutation, kinds of mutagens, detection of sex-
linked recessive and dominant mutations, sex-linked recessive lethal mutation, autosomal recessive and dominant
mutations, and autosomal recessive lethal mutations, practical application of mutations.
5. Extra-Chromosomal inheritance: Cytoplasmic inheritance in Paramacium, extra-chromosomal inheritance in
Drosophila and milk factor in mice.
6. Determination of sex: Mechanism of sex-determination, Chromosomal theory of sex determination, balance
concept of sex determination, Y-chromosome in sex determination, hormonal theory of sex determination,
external environment and sex-determination, Gynandromorph, sex-differentiation, dosage compensation.
ZOOLOGY - 632
Genetics and Molecular Biology – II
 8

(Qualitative and Quantitative Genetics)

Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
1. Quantitative Genetics: Polygenic inheritance and its estimate; Variations, their sources and significance;
estimate of heritability and their application in genetic studies.
2. Population and ecological genetics: Hardy–Weinberg law, Changes in allelic frequencies due to selection
(selection against recessive homozygotes, selection against recessives, selection against dominants and selection
favouring heterozygotes), mutation, migration and genetic drift; estimates of genetic variation in natural
populations; genetic differentiation during speciation; polymorphism in Drosophila and Snail.
3. Human Genetics: Human chromosome complement, sex- chromosomal and autosomal anomalies and human
disorders. Family pedigree studies, sex-linked and autosomal dominant and recessive characters and their
inheritance; polygenic disorder and multifactorial inheritance; Genetics of human metabolic diseases (defects in
amino acid, lipid, sugar, purin and sulfur metabolism); Genetics of haemoglobin; Human twins; Eugenics and
Euphenics.
4. Animal breeding: Inbreeding, Outbreeding and Cross breeding; Breeding plan for farm (poultry, cattle, buffalo,
goat, sheep); laboratory and Zoo animals for improvement of economic traits and diseases resistance; artificial
selection (directional, disruptive and stabilizing) and their response; genetic control of insect pests.

ZOOLOGY - 633
Genetics and Molecular Biology - III
(Recombinant DNA Technology)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
1. Nucleic acids:
DNA: Physical and chemical structure of DNA, Requirements and mechanism of renaturation and denaturation of
DNA, Mechanism of DNA damage and repair
DNA replication: The basic rule for DNA replication, Semiconservative replication double stranded DNA,
Mechanism of action of DNA gyrase and enzymology of DNA replication, DNA purification by buoyant density
centrifugation,
RNA: Classes of RNA molecules, Structure of RNA molecules, Basic features of RNA synthesis, RNA
polymerase.
RNA processing and transport: Molecular basis of post transcriptional modifications of mRNA, rRNA and
tRNA, removal of intron sequence by RNA splicing processes.
2. Genetic Code: Basis of cryptoanalysis, Involvement of amino acids in protein synthesis, the genetic code is a triplet
code, the code is non-overlapping, and commaless, the code has polarity, codons and anticodons, initiation codons
and termination codons, the code is degenerate, the Wobble hypothesis, the code is universal.
3. Biosynthesis of Protein: Central dogma and central dogma reverse, Components of protein synthetic machinery,
Mechanism of protein synthesis (Initiation, elongation, and termination)
4. Gene: Fine structure of gene (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes) recombination test, cis-tran test, complementation test,
intragenic complementation, the changing concept of gene, the T4RII locus, transposition or movable genes.
5. Regulation of gene expression: Regulation of gene action in Prokaryotes, enzyme regulation of gene action, gene
regulation of gene action, operon hypothesis, induction and repression in Prokaryotes, regulation of gene
expression in Eukaryotes, regulation of transcription by translation, regulation of transcription by site specific
inversion.
6. Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering:
Plasmids: Characterstics, types, Isolation of plasmid DNA, Curing of plasmid DNA by physical and chemical
methods, Plasmid replication, Role of plasmid in molecular biology, Physical methods of identifying a plasmid
containing foreign DNA
Cosmids: Characterstis
Gene cloning: Importance of gene cloning, Specialized tools and techniques for gene cloning, The impact of
cloning in biotechnology, Types, function and importance of Restriction enzymes
7. Biological Nitrogen fixation: The range of nitrogen fixing organism, Genetics of nitrogen fixation, Regulation of nif
and nod gene expression
8. Reporter Gene:
Monitoring genetically engineered microbes in the environment (Green fluorescent protein (GFP)/ Lux/ xylE
/LacZy.

ZOOLOGY - 634
Genetics and Molecular Biology - IV
(Immunogenetics and Microbiology)
Full Marks - 100 Time- 4 hours
1. Immunogenetics: Introduction of immune system, Regulation of the immune response, Genetic control of immune
response, Evolution of immunity, Invertebrate immunity, Vertebrate immunity, Lymph myeloid tissues in lower
vertebrates, Immunity to viruses, Bacteria, Fungi and Protozoa.
Vaccination: Immune response to vaccination, Live and killed conventional vaccination, efficiency and safety of
vaccination, Biotechnology design vaccination, modern diagnostic methods.
2. Bacterial Genetics:
Recombination: Transformation; Conjugation and Transduction
Control of Microorganisms:
 9

Physical: Flame, Hot air oven, Boiling water, Autoclave, Pasteurization, Filtration; Ultraviolet light
Chemical: selection and evaluation of antiseptic and disinfection, halogen, phenol and phenolic compound, heavy
metals, formaldehyde
Antibiotics: Concept of antibiotics and classification
3. Microbiology and Public health:
(i) Basic concepts of Microbiology:
(ii) Microbiology of Food: Food spoilage: The condition of spoilage; meats and fish; poultry and eggs; breads
and bakery products; milk and dairy products
Food preservation: Heat; low temperature; drying; chemical; radiation; preventing food borne diseases.
(iii) Environmental and Industrial Microbiology:
Environment: Types of water pollution, Diseases transmitted by water, purification of water
Industry: Production of organic compounds; Enzyme; Beer; Wine; Spirits and Insecticides
4. Diseases of Human:
Epidemiology of infectious diseases: Principles and control of infectious diseases. Bacterial diseases (air borne,
food borne, water borne and sexually transmitted diseases), Viral diseases, Fungal diseases, Rickettsial diseases,
Protozoal diseases.
5. Application of Recombinant DNA technology: Pharmaceuticals, Agriculture and Industry
6. Pathological aspect of cell: Changes of cell and cell structure under pathological conditions.

ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL - 635

Genetics and Molecular Biology (Group - A only)
Full Marks - 150
Time- 24 hours (6 x 4 days)
1. Preparation and observation of giant chromosome from the salivary gland of Drosophila
2. Preparation and observation of different stages of meiosis from testis of Grasshopper
3. Study of the simple Mendelian inheritance and sex linked inheritance in Drosophila.Study of Drosophila
mutants.
4. Detection of autosomal and allosomal mutations in Drosophila
5. Preparation of chromosome map in Drosophila
6. Study of the effect of mutagens and aging on the genotypes and phenotype of Drosophila and methods of
estimating such effects.
7. Studies and estimation of quantitative traits in Drosophila and Silkworm
8. Separation and identification of amino acids by paper chromatography
9. 9. Culturing, Isolation and purification of bacteria
10. Antibiotic sensivity test of bacteria
11. 11. Extruction of plasmid DNA from E.coli and to demonstrate by gel electrophoresis

Books recommended
Adams, R.L. et al. : The biochemistry of nuclic acids.
Ahlusalia, K.B. : Genetics
Alberts et al. : Molecular biology of the cell.
Alcamo, I.E. : Fundamentals of Microbiology
Altenberg, E. : Genetics
Ananthanarayan, R. & Paniker, J.C.K. : Text book of Microbiology
Auerbach, C. : Mutation Research
Ayala, F.J & Kiger, Jr. : Modern Genetics
Benjamin, H. : Gene VI
Benstey, R.R. : Hand book of histological and cytological techniques.
Biswas, S.B. & Biswas, A : An introduction to virus.
Boyed, W. : A Text book of Pathology
Brown, T.A. : Gene Cloning
Burns, G.W. : The Science of Genetics
Carpenter, P.Z. : Microbiology
Chowdhury, M.R. : Modern Medical Microbiology
Crick, F.H.C. : Nucleic Acid
Darke, J.W. : The molecular basis of mutation
Darlington, C.D. & Lacour, L.F. : The handling of chromosomes
Davidson, J.F. : The biochemistry of the nucleic acid.
Desmond, S.T.N. : An Introduction to genetic Engineering
Dupraw, T.E.J. : DNA and chromosome
Eckles, H.C. & Combs, B.W. : Milk and Milk products
Falconer, D.S. : Introduction of quantitative Genetics
Freifelder, D. : Molecular Biology
Frobisher, M. : Fundamentals of Microbiology
Geise, A.C. : Cell Physiology
Gloner, D.M. : Principles of gene cloning
Jay, J.M. : Modern Food Microbiology
Kingsman, S.M. & Kingsman, A.J. : Genetic Engineering.
Klung, S.W. & Cummings, R.M. : Essentials of Genetics
Kumar, S.D. : Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Lowey, A.C. & Siekevitz, P. : Cell Structure and Function.
Meynell, G.E. : Bacterial plasmid.
Novitski, E. : Human genetics
 10

Prave, P. et al. : Basic Biotechnology.

Primrose, S.B. : Modern Biochemistry.
Primrose, S.B. : Principles of gene manipulation.
Rashid, K. M. et al. : Text book of community medicine and public health.
Scaife, J. et al. : Genetics of bacteria
Schiegel, H.G. : General Microbiology.
Singleton, W.R. : Elementary Genetics
Sinnott, et al. : Principles of Genetics
Smith, J.B. : Biotechnology Principles.
Snyder, A.L. et al. : General Genetics
Stern, E. : Principles of human Genetics
Strickberger, M.W. : Genetics
Sutton, H.E. : An introduction to human Genetics
Suzuki, D.T. & Griffiths, A.J.F. : An introduction to Genetic analysis
Swanson, C.P. : The cell Structure.
Szkeley, M. : From DNA to protein
Verma, P.S. & Agarwala, V.K. : Genetics / Cytology
Walker, J.M. & Gingold, E.B. : Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Watson, et al. : Recombinant of gene cloning
Watson, J. et al. : Modern biology of the gene
Watson, J.D. et al. : Molecular Biology of the Gene.
Watson, J.D. : The molecular biology of the gene
Winchester, A.M. : Genetics

Special Courses (For Groups - B and C)

ZOOLOGY - 651
Crop Protection - I
(Pest Biology and Weeds)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
Insect Structure and Life Process: General organization: The head ( Mouth parts and Antennae), The Thorax (Wings
and legs), The abdomen, Circulation of blood, Respiration, Nervous system, Sense organs, Reproduction and
embryonic development.
Insect Taxonomy: Classification of insects with special reference to pest and entomophagous insects; insect
preservation; shipment and identification.
Major Tropical Crop Pests: Description, biology, extent of damage and control of the important tropical crop and
storage pests of the following groups:
I. Insects: Orthroptera, Isoptera, Homoptera, Heteroptera, Thysanoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera,
Hymenoptera, Coleoptera.
II. Mites: Tetranychids and Eriophyids
III. Nematodes: Meloidogyne spp. ( Root knot nematodes); Pratylenchidae (migratory endoparasites);
Rotylenchus reniformes, Tylenchulus semipenetrans (semi endoparasite nematodes); Aphelechida;
Ditylenchus spp.; Longidorus; Paralongidorus; Xiphinema; Trichoridae (endoparasitic nematodes)
IV. Mollusca: Snails and Slugs
V. Vertebrate Pests: Birds and Mammals;
Major Weeds of Tropical Crops : Grass weeds, Sedges and Broad leaf weeds.

ZOOLOGY - 652
Crop Protection - II
(Pest and Weed Control)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
Principles of Pest Control : Definition of the term pest; History of pest control; Pest management practice
( preventive practice, Therapeutic practice, selection of tactics, integration of tactics); agroecosystem pollination;
insect pheromones and hormones in relation to pest control; development of pest status, pest damage, economics
of the pest attack and control.
Methods of Pest Control : Natural Control (Climatic factors, Natural barriers, Natural enemies, Diseases); Applied
Control (Legislative methods; physical methods; cultural methods; Plant Resistance; Biological control; Genetic
control; Chemical control; Integrated Pest management; Radioactive isotopes and ionising radiations in pest
 11

control).
Weed Control : Short comings of mechanical control; weedicides; biological control of weeds.
Pesticides : Chemistry and toxicology of inorganic and organic (natural and synthetic) pesticides; Mode of action of
pesticides (Classification of pesticides according to mode of action, Insecticide-induced symptoms, Mode of
action of neuroactive and respiratory poisons); pesticide formulations; Chemicals used with pesticides: synergists,
solvents, diluents, surfactants, stickers and deodorants; pesticides in current use, IGR; Repellants; Attractants;
Antifeedants; Chemosterilants.
Crop Protection Equipments: Necessity of appliances, Types and description of appliances; Spray lance rig and
boom, agricultural aircrafts, Maintenanced of appliances.

ZOOLOGY - 653
Crop Protection - III
(Crop Loss and Toxicology )
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
Pest Damage to Crop Plants : Pest damage assessment and crop yields; types of pest damage to crop plants.
Crop Loss: Economic threshold, Assessment of levels of infestation, Reasons and methods of assessing crop losses,
Use of cost/potential benefit ratio, Relation between pest intensity and crop loss.
Environmental Toxicology : Principles of ecotoxicology; chemical ecology; tropical environmental aspects of
formulation and application; Pesticide movement in water, air and soil; pathway of pesticide degradation,
activation and biomagnification in the environment.
Pesticide Residue Analysis : Residual action and residues; Techniques of pesticide residue analysis in plants, soils and
animal tissues, Pesticide residues monitoring.
Safety and Precautions : Hazards of insecticides; Precautions to reduce hazards, Safety and precautions of application
of insecticides and weedicides; Clinical symptoms and treatment of pesticide poisoning; Antidotes for organic,
botanical, pentachlorophenol and inorganic pesticides.
Resistance and Metabolism : Resistance to Pesticides (Definition, history, mechanism of resistance, difference
between R strain and S strains, genetics of resistance); Metabolism of insecticides (reactions involved,
detoxification enzymes and metabolism of organochlorine, organophosphates and botanical insecticides).
Toxicological Statistics : Bioassay experiments and Probit analysis of correlated data: Topical application (choice of
solvent, droplet size and insecticide concentration, size of application), Residual exposure methods (dipping and
spraying, painting, application in volatile solvents, exposure to treated grains), Direct Spraying on test insects,
Evaluation methods, The median effective dose, Median residual life, Fiducial limits, heterogeneity, Pesticide
dilution Stoke’s law, Importance of quantal response assessment, Obtaining date for quantal response, Statistical
procedures, correction for control mortality.
ZOOLOGY - 654
Crop Protection - IV
(Pest Sampling, Crop-Pest Interactions and Pest Ecology)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
Surveillance and Sampling: Common sampling techniques in insect pest management (In Situ counts, Knockdown,
Netting, Trapping, Extraction from soil, Indirect techniques, Auxiliary Survey equipments); The sampling programmes(
Kinds of estimates, Descriptive Statistics, Criteria of estimates, Programmes dimensions, Pest management scouts and
scouting records, sequential sampling); Forecasting and Protective Monitoring (Necessity of forecasting and monitoring
pest attack, Practice of forecasting and monitoring of pest attack, Examples of pest forecasts for soil and air-borne
pests).
Ecological Management of Crop Environment: Ecological role of insect pests; Dynamics of insect life systems,
Effects of environment on insect development; regulation of insect population; Reducing average favorability of the
ecosystem; disrupting continuity of pest requites; diverting pest populations away from crop; Reducing the impact of
insect injury.
Crop-Pest Interaction: Insects, weeds and crop interactions; Tritrophic interactions among plants herbivores and their
natural enemies, Gall, rust and malformation of leaves, roots and fruits due to pest attack.
Economic Decision levels for pest populations: Concept of economic levels; Dynamics of economic Injury levels,
calculation of economic decision levels using economic levels.
Insecticide Law and Regulations: International and national Laws of insecticide regulation, pesticide Lebel regulation
Applicator Certification, Regulating pesticides.

ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL - 655

(Crop Protection Group-B only)
Full Marks - 150 Time- 24 hours (6 x 4
days)
a. Identification of major crop pests and weed.
b. Pinning, setting, preservation, shipment and duration of insect pests.
c. Preparation of permanent slides of insect pest; measurement and drawings.
d. Handling of manually operated, pre-pressurized and motorized sprayers and selection nozzles; determination of
sprayers parameters and calibration of sprayers.
e. Determination of LD50 and LD90 in bioassay experiments.
f. Sampling of insect and weed pests in different crop fields

Books Recommended :
 12

Ananthakrishnan, T. N. 1992 : Dimensions of Insect-Plant Interactions

Attwood, P. J. 1975 : Crop Protection
Atwal, A. S. 1993 : Agricultural Pests of India and South-East Asia
Boardman, R., 1986 : Pesticides in World Agriculture
Brent, K. J. and Athi, R. K. 1987 : Rational Pesticide use
Coats, J. R. 1982 : Insecticide mode of action
Coulson, R. N and Witter J. A. 1984 : Forest Entomology
Ghosh, M. R. 1989 : Concepts of Insect Control
Green, M. B., Hartley, G. S. and West, T. T. 1987. : Chemical for crop improvement & Pest Management.
Hill, D. S. 1987 : Agriculture insect pests of the tropics and their control.
Kumar, R. 1986 : Insect Pest Control
Martin, H. and Woodcock. D. 1987 : The Scientific Principles of Crop Protection.
Matthews, G. A. 1984. : Pest Management.
Olive, J. A. 1979. : Forensic Toxicology.
Oudejaus, J. H. 1982. : Agro-pesticides their Management and application.
Pedigo, L.P. 1996 : Entomology and Pest Management
Saha, L.R., 1992 : Handbook of Plant Protection
Sanders, C. L. 1986. : Toxicological aspects of Energy Production.
Smith, F. H. and Pimental, D. 1975 : Pest Control Strategies
Srivastava, K. P.1993 : A Text Book of Applied Entomology
Waage, J. and Greathead, D. 1986 : Insect Parasitiods
Worthius, C R. 1987. : The pesticide Manual.
Youdeowei, A. and Service, M.W. 1983 : Pest and vector management in the tropics.

ZOOLOGY - 661
Entomology - I
(Insect Taxonomy and Morphology)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
I. Insect Taxonomy : Classification upto family with particular reference to those having biological and economic
importance
II. Morphology :
a. Head : Segmentation, sutures and their interpretation, mouthparts, basic homology with crustaceans and their
adaptation to various modes of feeding.
b.Thorax : Sclerites - comparison with abdominal sclerites; wing-venation with modifications, movement, flight
muscles,wing articulation.
c.Legs : Attachment, structure, musculature and adaptations in different habitats, mode of locomotion.
d. Abdomen and genitalia : Endoskeleton and musculature.
e. Integument : Structure, chemistry and function.

ZOOLOGY - 662
Entomology - II
(Anatomy, Physiology, Embryology and Ecology)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
I. Anatomy and physiology of : Digestive system and nutrition; circulatory system; reproductive system; nervous
system; excretory system; respiratory system; light and sound producing systems; endocrine system (hormone and
hormonal control); pheromone.
II. Embryonic and postembryonic development.
III. Water and temperature relations.
IV. Diapause : its important.
V. Insect distribution and population abundance.

ZOOLOGY - 663
Entomology - III
(Applied Entomology-I)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
I. Introduction to Apiculture:
a. Bee products: honey; its components and usefulness, extraction of honey, bottling, marketing. Bees wax; its
secretion, usefulness. Propolis and its components, preserving royal jelly. Pollen; collection of pollen,
preservation, marketing.
b. Bee hive: Natural hives of different honey bee species. Artificial hives. Longs troth hives. National hives. WBC
hives. Nakka hives. Different components of hives. Tools of bee keeping; hive tools, smoker, bee suit, gloves,
queen cage, nuclear hive.
c. Propagation: Artificial queen rearing, dividing colonies, insemination, developing strains, artificial feeding,
carrying hives to foraging grounds.
 13

d. Pollination: Bee plants, crops, plantation of bee favoured crops, incentives for such crop growing, collection of
pollen and nectar, floral chart.
e. Apiary management: establishment, manipulation, propagation, bee keepers’ association, social awareness,
arrangement of hives, poverty alleviation, women empowerment.
f. Making of hives: Dimension, measurement and tools necessary for hive making, multiple storey hive, storey,
super, roof, bottom, ceiling, dividing grid, flight entrance plug, frame, hive stand.
g. Honey bee diseases & their control: American foul brood, European foul brood, varroasis, nosema, chalk brood,
sac brood.
II. Medical Entomology: History and scope; biology and control of the following groups
a. Insecta: Mosquitoes, Blackflies, Tsetse-flies, House-flies, Fleas (Siphonaptera), Lice (Anoplura), Bedbugs
(Hemiptera), Triatomine bugs (Hemiptera) and Cockroaches (Blattaria)
b.Mites: Soft ticks (Agrasidae), Hard ticks (Ixodidae), Scabies mites (Sarcoptidae), Scrub typhus mites
(Trombiculidae) and Flies and Myissis .
III. Veterinary Entomology: History and scope; biology, nature of damage and management of the major insect and
acarine pests of important livestock’s.

ZOOLOGY - 664
Entomology - IV
(Applied Entomology-II)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours
I. Forest Entomology: History and Scope; Population dynamics of forest insects; population dynamics of forest trees
in relation to phytophagous insects; monitoring pest population and forest stands; insect pests of forests: their biology,
nature of damage and management; ornamental forest insects; non mulberry (wild) silkworms; vermicomposting; soil
insects.
II. Pest Biology and Management:
a. Pests of wheat, paddy, jute, cotton, sugarcane, mustard, vegetables, fruits, stored grains, pulses, termites - their
biology and control.
b. Plant Protection and quarantine
c. Principles of pest control; classification of pesticides; pesticides formulation; toxicity; symptoms and treatment
of pesticide poisoning; pesticide safety, transport, spills, disposal, stored and display of pesticides; spray
equipments and maintenance of spraying tools.
d. IPM, Semiochemicals, pheromones and hormones in pest control; genetical, biological, cultural and natural
control of pests.
e. Pest status; tolerance, resistance and detoxification mechanism in insects.
f. Probit analysis and population dynamics.

ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL - 665

Entomology (Group-B only)
Full Marks - 150 Time - 24 hours (6x4
days)
a. Study of insects in their environments: collection, preservation and identification of insects of different groups.
b. Study of the life cycle/history of different groups.
c. Dissection of different organ/system of representatives from different orders of insect
d. Preparation of histological slides and whole mounts of insects.
e. Making of Nakka and Longs troth hive, identification of different parts of the hive.
f. Inspecting of the bees, spotting the queen, identification of different cells of the comb.
g. Identification of different stages of honey bee larvae, dissection of morphological and anatomical structures of
adult and larval bees.
h. Identification and dissection of varroa mite.
i. Identification, collection and preservation of pollen.
j. Detection of moisture content of honey.

Books Recommended :
Akratanakul, P. : Honey bee diseases and enemies in Asia: A Practical Guide
Albrechst : Anatomy of Migratory Locusts
Brent and Atkin : Rational Pesticide Use
Carter : Insect in Relation to Plant Diseases
Chapman : Insect structure and function
Coats, J R : Insecticide Mode of Action
Coulson, R N and Witter, J A : Forest Entomology: Ecology and Management
Clauson : Entomophagous Insects
DeBach, P : Biological Control of Weed and Insect Pests
Detheir : Insect Sense
Davidson, R H & Lyon W E : Insect Pest of Farm, Garden and Orchard
FAO : Beekeeping in Asia: Bulletin
 14

FAO : Beekeeping in Africa: Bulletin

Finney : Probit Analysis
Green, M N at al. : Chemicals for Crop Improvements and Pest Management
Hoque, M. : Pashu-pakhir Kittatta
Imms, A D : Text Book of Entomology
Kevan, P. : The Asiatic hive bee
Lane, R.W. & Crosskey, R.W. : Medical Insects and Arachnids
Metcalf and Flint : Destructive and useful insects
Megheran : Hand Book of Toxicology
Michner, C.D. : The Bees of the World
Painter : Insect Resistance in Crop Plant
Prost, P.J. & Medori, P. : Apiculture: Know the bees, Manage the apiary 6 th Edi.
Punthiata, R.W.K. : Beekeeping for Honey Production in SriLanka
Roeder : Insect Physiology
Ross : Text Book of Entomology
Service, M.W. : Medical Entomology for Students
Snodgrass, R E : The Principles of Insect Morphology
Steinhaus : Insect Pathology
Swanson : Beneficial Insects
Sweetman : The Principles of Biological Control
West and Hardy : Chemical Control of Insect
Wigglesworth, V V : Insect Physiology

ZOOLOGY - 671
(Sericulture - I)
(Food Plants of Silkworms)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours

1. History and scope: History of sericulture; nature and importance of sericulture industry; scope, limitations and
economic importance of sericulture in Bangladesh.
2. Food plants of mulberry silkworm: Origin, distribution and varieties of mulberry plants cultivated in
Bangladesh.
3. Brief Botanical description of mulberry: Types of leaves, chemical composition of leaves.
4. Climatic and other conditions required for the growth of mulberry, soils suitable for mulberry; Types of soil found
in Bangladesh.
5. Propagation of mulberry: Seedling, cutting, grafting and layering.
6. Cultivation of mulberry: Different systems of cultivation – tree, lowcut, high bush and bush; selection and
preparation of land; selection of varieties of mulberry plant; manuring; irrigation; pruning and harvesting of leaves.
7. Diseases and pests of mulberry: Fungal, bacterial, viral diseases and mineral deficiencies disorders and their
control measures; weed and insect pests and their control measures (cultural operations, chemical: weedicides,
fungicides, insecticides and biological control).
8. Food plants of non-mulberry silkworm: food plants of eri, muga and tasar silkworms.

ZOOLOGY - 672
Sericulture - II
(Silkworm Biology)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours

1. Classification: Classification of the class Insecta with special reference to Isoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera,
Diptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera; kinds of silkworms; Systematic position of mulberry and non-mulberry
silkworms in animal kingdom with their salient features.
2. Morphology of larva, pupa and moth of Bombyx mori L.
3. Life cycle: Life cycles of mulberry and non-mulberry silkworms.
4. Anatomy: Different types of glands, structure of silk glands and their secretions; digestive, circulatory,
respiratory, excretory, nervous and reproductive systems of Bombyx mori L.
5. Physiology of mulberry silkworm: Ingestion of mulberry leaves, digestion, absorption and assimilation of
nutrient materials; what is silk? biochemistry of silk and biosynthesis of silk protein during larval growth;
secretion and formation of silk; physiology and functions of circulation, respiration and excretion; reproduction
and development- oogenesis, spermatogenesis, fertilization of egg and its development up to hatching.
6. Growth and metamorphosis: Growth and developmental curve of larva; metamorphosis of mulberry silkworm.

ZOOLOGY - 673
Sericulture - III
 15

(Silkworm Rearing and Diseases)

Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours

1. Silkworm rearing: Rearing houses and appliances; disinfection of the rearing room; hatching and brushing;
chawki rearing; late age rearing, spinning and mounting, gradation of cocoons.
2. Function and importance of grainage in sericulture development; multivoltine and bivoltine hybrid preparation.
3. Preparation of layings; moth examination; preservation and incubation of eggs before and after treatment;
photoperiod and natural hibernation, artificial hatching of hibernated eggs.
4. Role of silkworm seed organization in Bangladesh.
5. Crop schedule for silkworm rearing with special reference to the environmental conditions of Bangladesh.
6. Diseases of silkworm: Causal agents; infection; life cycle of causal agents; symptoms, prevention and control of
pebrine, polyhedrosis – glassareie and flachereie and muscardine diseases of silkworm.
7. Parasites and predators of silkworm larvae, pupae and adults; pests of stored cocoons and their products; control
measures.
8. parasitoid of silkworm larvae; life cycle of uzi fly; physical, chemical, male sterile technique and biological
control of uzi fly.

ZOOLOGY - 674
Sericulture - IV
(Silkworm Genetics and Breeding)
Full Marks - 100
Time- 4 hours

1. Varietal materials of mulberry silkworm: Varietal materials of silkworm, chromosome number, genetic
basis of variation in silkworms; collection and preservation of varietal materials.
2. Mendel’s law of inheritance; interaction of genes with special reference to phenotypic expression in
silkworm.
3. Population genetics: Hardy Weinburg law and gene frequency.
4. Silkworm breeding: Objectives of silkworm breeding; methods of silkworm breeding; hybridization-
selection of parents for hybridization, selection – pedegree and mass selection, methods of hybridization;
back cross method of hybridization-merits and demerits.
5. Breeding for resistance/tolerance to disease and adverse physical conditions: Sources of disease
resistance, selection of parental materials; hybridization for disease resistance; back cross method for
dominant resistant character; back cross method for recessive resistant character
6. Mutation and mutation breeding: Definition, kinds of mutation; mutations in silkworm; induction of
useful mutation in silkworm; mutagenic agents; radiation sensibility in silkworm; measurement of
mutation frequency in silkworm; methods of mutation breeding.
7. Genetics of cocoon colour: Colour variation in different cocoon layers; genetic analysis of cocoon colour
produced by carotenoid and flavonoid pigments; relationship between blood colour and cocoon colour;
pigment content and geographical distribution of silkworm races.
8. Sex determination: Theories of sex determination; sex determination in silkworm; chromosome,
polyploidy and parthenogenesis in Bombyx mori L.
9. Heterosis: Definition and causes of heterosis; estimation of heterosis and combining ability- its practical
application in silkworm breeding; polyhibrids and current tendency of silkworm breeding.

ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL - 675

Sericulture (Group-B only)
Full Marks - 150 Time- 24 hours (6x4 days)
Practical:

1. Collection, preservation, identification and submission:

1. Insect pests of food plants of silkworm.
2. Disease infected leaves of food plants of silkworm.
3. Pests of silkworm.
4. Diseased of larvae, pupae and adult of silkworm.
2. Identification and uses of garden equipments required for mulberry cultivation and rearing appliances.
3. Demonstration: Propagation of mulberry-preparation of cuttings and saplings and plantation in the
field.
4. Different methods of pruning of mulberry followed in Bangladesh.
5. External morphology of silkworm larvae, pupae and moths.
6. Dissection of larva, pupa, moth and studies of silk glands, digestive, respiratory, excretory, nervous
and reproductive systems of silkworm.
 16

7. Individual rearing: cellular and mass rearing of silkworm.

8. Measurement of quantities of formalin and water for disinfection of rearing room and appliances.
9. Selection of seed cocoons.
10. Observation of heterosis on different economic traits in silkworm.
11. Studies on the combining ability for cocoon characters in silkworm.
12. Studies on the relationship among larval, cocoon and egg characters of silkworm.
13. Studies on spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
14. Artificial hatching of hibernated eggs.
15. Identification of male and female larva, pupa and adult of silkworm.
16. Mother moth examination for the production of disease free laying.
17. Identification of pebrine spores, muscardine spores, bacteria and polyhedral bodies of silkworm.

Books Recommended :

Arora and Gupta : Taxonomic studies on some of the Indian non-mulberry

silkmoths
Chowdhury, S N : Muge Culture
Chowdhury, S N : Sericulture
Copper, B A : Silkworm Rearing Handbook
Rergusen, D C : The moths of America, North of Mexico (Bombycedae,
Saturnidae)
Hutchinson, C M : Pebrine in India.
Jolly, M S : Industrial Bivoltine Grainage
Jolly, M S et al. : Tasar Culture
Katsumata, F : Text Book of Tropical Sericulture
Kovalov, I A : Silkworm Breeding Stocks
Krishnaswami et al. : Manual of Sericulture (Vol.2)
Sarkar, D C : Sericulture in India
Tanaka Y : Genetics of the Silkworm
Tanaka Y : Sericology
Tazima, Y : Silkworm Eggs
Tazima, Y : The Genetics of the Silkworm
Tazima, Y : The Silkworm: an important laboratory tool
Ullal & Narsimhanna : Handbook of Practical Sericulture
Yokiyama, T : Synthesized Science of Sericulture
Yokoyama, T : Silkworm selection and hybridization
Jolly, M.S. : Industrial Bivoltine Grainage
Jolly, M S et al. : Tasar Culture
Katsumata, F : Text Book of Tropical Sericulture
Kovalov, I A : Silkworm Breeding Stocks
Krishnaswami et al. : Manual of Sericulture (Vol.2)
Sarkar, D C : Sericulture in India
Tanaka Y : Genetics of the Silkworm
Tanaka Y : Sericology
Tazima, Y : Silkworm Eggs
Tazima, Y : The Genetics of the Silkworm
Tazima, Y : The Silkworm: an important laboratory tool
Ullal & Narsimhanna : Handbook of Practical Sericulture
Yokiyama, T : Synthesized Science of Sericulture
Yokoyama, T : Silkworm selection and hybridization.