TERRY KNIT FABRICS

INTEGRATED TERM PROJECT

Avani Jain Kharya [Date]

Saumya

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that we, AVANI JAIN and SAUMYA KHARYA completed the project assigned to us on Terry Knit Fabrics for our Term Project. The project was conducted under the guidance of our mentor, Mr. Pranav Vohra Sir.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to thank our mentor, Mr. Pranav Vohra Sir for his guidance and support through the whole project and making it a success. We would also like to thank the owner of Staple Knits Ltd. Who gave us permission to visit his industry for the project and provide us with all the information we required for this project. He showed us around his industry and helped us in understanding the concepts and process of production of Terry Knit Fabrics. The project would not have been a success without the contribution of everyone. Thank you!

CONTENTS
TOPICS COVERED PAGE NUMBERS
Introduction Significance And Objectives History And Present Scenario Theory And Material Used The Study Findings Production Of Terry Knit Machine Specification Conclusion Patents References

INTRODUCTION
Terry knit fabric is a fabric with loops that can absorb large amounts of water. It is woven on special looms that have two beams of longitudinal warp through which the filler or weft is fired laterally. Other names - terry cloth, terry towelling, terrycloth. A terry knit is a loop pile produced in weaving plush and velvet. A terry cloth is a cotton fabric with loop pile on one or both sides covering the entire surface or forming strips, checks or patterns. There are two types of terry fabrics: 1. Towell Terry: It a woven fabric with long loops that can absorb large amounts of water. Its content is usually 100% cotton, but may sometimes contain polyester.

2. French Terry: It is a fabric used in mens, womens and childrens clothes. One of its sides is flat and the other has crossed loops. It is either 100% cotton or contains polyester with Lycra. It is often warp knitted. The term French terry is colloquially used for all warp knitted terry.

SIGNIFICANCE:
It is a two faced fabric and is significant to us as it is used in our daily lives in towels, sweatbands, bed linen, car seat covers, sofa covers etc. This printed French terry knit fabric has just enough stretch across the grain for comfort and ease. It is perfect for loungewear, hoodies, sweatshirts and tops.

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY:
We wished to study the structure of terry knit as it is not included in our curriculum but fascinated us. We use different products made out of terry knit structure which compelled us to study about it.

HISTORY:
In 1941, the first terry cloth was made in France. The original French terry cloth was made by hand from silk instead of cotton. By the mid-19th century, terrycloth was mass-produced in England and woven entirely of cotton. England's Samuel Holt is credited for making the first cotton terry cloth in 1848. Samuel Holt patented the manufacturing process and moved operations to the United States in 1864. In 1864, Holt left London and came to the United States, where he opened a plant in New Jersey to manufacture the cotton terry cloth. Within two years, the company had sold the patents to the cotton terry cloth for $250,000.

PRESENT SCENARIO:
Today, most terrycloth is made from cotton and cotton/polyester blends, but it can also be made from different materials such as silk, bamboo, linen or artificial fibers. Various techniques and machines are used for its production and it has varied uses. The industry has widened and has created many job opportunities for the masses as its demand has increased.

THEORY:
The word 'terry' comes from the French word 'tirer' meaning to pull out or pull through, referring to the loops that appear pulled from the warp and weft of the textile.

MATERIALS USED:
1. Cotton:

It is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. The fiber is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile. Although cultivated since antiquity, it was the invention of the cotton gin that so lowered the cost of production that led to its widespread use, and it is the most widely used natural fiber cloth in clothing today. Physical Properties: Length of cotton fiber: Physically the individual cotton fibers consist of a single long tubular cell. Its length is about 1200-1500 times than its breadth. Length of cotton fiber varies from 16mm to 52 mm depending upon the type of cotton. Fineness of cotton fiber: Longer the fiber, finer the fiber in case of cotton fiber. It is
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expressed in term of desitex and it varies from 1.1 to2.3 desitex. Strength and extension of cotton fiber: Cotton fiber is fairly among natural fibers in relation to tenacity which is 3-3.5g/desitex. Its tensile strength is between wool and silk fiber but disadvantage is low extension at break which is 5-7%. Elastic properties of cotton: Recovery from deformation of cotton fiber, yarn or fabric from applied load is very low. By applying heat it cant be achieved. This property can be achieved by -1.Chemical treatment to improve crease recovery, but the problem is the materials become harsher due to chemical treatment 2 blending or mixing of cotton with elastic fiber, e.g. polyester, blend ratio depends on the end use of the fabric. Cross-section: Cross-section of cotton fiber is somewhat ribbon like. The cell wall is rather thin and the lumen occupies about twothird of the entire breadth and shows up very prominent in polarized light. Fiber cross-section becomes round when mercerized. Appearance: Cotton fiber is fairly short, fine and creamy white color. Color of the fiber depends on soil of growth. By adding chemicals in the soil, color of the cotton fiber may be varied.

 Crimp:

Cotton fiber is more or less twisted on its longitudinal axis which cab not be seen from outside is called convolution. The twist in the fiber does not to be continuous in one direction i.e. if at first right direction, then left direction. This property of cotton fiber helps in spinning. Chemical Properties: The chemical composition of cotton is as follows: cellulose 91.00% water 7.85% protoplasm, pectins 0.55% waxes, fatty substances 0.40% mineral salts 0.20%

Resistance to acids alkali organic solvents sunlight microorganisms insects Thermal reactions to heat to flame

Damage, weaken fibres resistant; no harmful effects high resistance to most Prolonged exposure weakens fibers. Mildew and rot-producing bacteria damage fibers. Silverfish damage fibers.

Decomposes after prolonged exposure to temperatures of 150C or over. Burns readily.

Characteristics: Comfortable: Cotton fibre has large amorphous portion and this is why the air can be in and out through cotton fibre. So, the fabric made by cotton fibre is quite comfortable to use. Soft Hand:

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Cotton fiber is too much regular fiber and if properly ginned; this fibre can be the best soft hand feeling fibre amongst the others. Absorbent: Cotton fibre has high absorbency power and this is why this fibre can be died properly and without any harassment. Good Colour Retention: If the printing is applied on cotton fibre, it seems it doesnt spread the colour outside the design. So printing efficiency is good on cotton fibre. Machine Washable & Dry Cleanable: It is seen that some fibres cant be dried or washed due to its sensitivity and weak fastness properties but in case of Cotton fibre you will have large number of options to choose. You can easily wash the cotton made fabric by machines and even you will be able to dry this fibre by using electronic drier. Good Strength: If you want to seek an average strength which might be enough for you; then cotton fibre can be your ultimate choice. The strength of cotton fibre is quite good. Cotton Fibre Drapes Well: The drape-ability of cotton fibre is awesome. You can use the cotton fibre made fabric in any kind of wear which needs more flexibility and drapes. Sewing & Handling Is Easy: The sewing efficiency on Cotton made fabric is easier and comfortable than other fibre. This is why the demand of cotton made fabric is higher in all over the world.

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2. Polyester:

It is a very important manmade fiber. Polyester is a term often defined as long-chain polymers chemically composed of at least 85% by weight of an ester and a dihydric alcohol and a terephthalic acid. In other words, it means the linking of several esters within the fibers. Reaction of alcohol with carboxylic acid results in the formation of esters. It is produced by melt spinning process. Physical Properties: The weight of polyester is 1.22-1.38 g/cm3 It is able to hold forms very well, allowing more things to be made from polyester. It can be wet or dry and still remain strong and it dries very quickly. Very resistant to stretching and wrinkling. That is why it is widely used in manufacturing clothing. Polyester is very resistant to shrinking Resistant to abrasion (which means to wear something out by rubbing away or by friction, and by mildew which is a form of fungi) Colourless Transparent (reason for most water bottles are colourless and transparent being made form polyester). Chemical Properties
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Acids: Good resistance to acids in cold condition. But polyester degrades by H2SO4 at high temperature. Basic: Good resistance to basic in cold conditions but strong NaOH dissolves polyester in boiling. Effect of bleaching: Bleaching process has no effect on polyester. Organic solvent: Organic solvent does not affect polyester. Protection ability against mildew: Good. Protection against insects: Good. Dyes: Polyester could be dyed with disperse, azoic colour and some pigments. When burned, polyester gives off a strong odour. The molten residue can cause many harmful burns when it comes in contact with human skin. Polyester melts at a temperature of 249-288 C

Characteristics:

Polyester fabrics and fibres are extremely strong. Polyester is very durable: resistant to most chemicals, stretching and shrinking, wrinkle resistant, mildew and abrasion resistant. Polyester is hydrophobic in nature and quick drying. It can be used for insulation by manufacturing hollow fibers. Polyester retains its shape and hence is good for making outdoor clothing for harsh climates. It is easily washed and dried.

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3. Cotton-Polyester Blend:

This is the material used now a days in terry knitting fabrics. Polyester cotton is a fabric made of both the artificial polyester and the natural cotton. The blend is perfect for clothing as it brings both benefits of the two fabrics together. The fabric thus remains lightness and coolness of the cotton while still adding the strength and durability of the polyester. PROPERTIES: Natural & synthetic fibre blend. Cotton & polyester blends combine the best of the properties of both fibres to provide a fabric that has easy care qualities with the comfort afforded by the moisture absorption characteristics of cotton. Widely available. Widely available in a range blends and an equally wide range of fabric weights. Can be dyed a wide range of colours. The bleaching and dyeing characteristics of the two fibres do

General

Available as:

Colouration

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differ and it is likely that a combined programme will be required to achieve the colouration required. Neither fibre is difficult to process Dimensional Stability Resistance to pilling Very low shrinkage. The presence of polyester improves the already good performance of cotton Resistant to pilling. The presence of the polyester in the blend brings about an improvement to the pilling resistance Blend dependant. Will depend on the blend composition and be between the low levels attainable with polyester to the moderate levels for cotton, 2-12% Easy care, warm wash, gentle iron. The easy care properties associate with polyester overcome the difficulties that can be attributed to cotton. As with many properties the overall performance will depend on the blend ratio. With the higher polyester concentrations the care becomes easier. High temperature laundering can be undertaken if required. Wide range of applications. Cotton & polyester blends find applications in almost all areas associated with "image wear" in the corporate clothing sector. Lightweight fabrics are used in shirts/blouses and heavier weights can be used for skirts & trousers.

Moisture regain

Care information

Applications

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End of life Possibilities

Restricted because of blend. Being a blended yarn does impose some difficulties on the end of life opportunities. Separation of the fibres is one of the biggest barriers preventing either fibre from being recycled or remanufactured. Re use as a blended fabric is restrictive and the stable nature of polyester prevents the fabrics from going into composting.

Advantages of Cotton-Polyester Blend: Polyester-cotton material is a blend of both fabrics, with a ratio in the vicinity of 35 percent polyester and 65 percent cotton, although 50-50 blends are also readily available. When the two materials are blended, the wearer gets the benefits of both polyester and cotton fibers in one fabric. When combining polyester with cotton, the result is a stronger material, which is durable and affordable. Cotton combined with polyester is less prone to pilling and static. Today's poly-cotton blends are softer than their predecessors. This type of fabric keeps it shape and color longer, and it doesn't shrink. Blended products are usually less expensive and last longer than cotton.

THE STUDY:

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To study our topic in detail and actually witness its process, we went for an Industry Visit to Staple Knits owned by Mr. Mayank Shah. On the visit, we were able to collect samples and study the machinery used for production of the Terry Knit Fabrics. Although the machine in question was not functional, we were able to gather as much information as we could on the subject. We were able to study the parts of the machine and how much it produced when it was working and how the machine would work when it functioned. We collected the data from the workers present there and also from the owner of the industry. We were able to click pictures of the visible parts of the machinery and a video of the owner explaining how the machine works. As the workers work with those machines, they were able to explain how the machines worked and the owner was able to help us with the costing estimates and providing us with the samples. Also, we referred books in the Resource Centre but were unable to gather much information. There was not much information given on Terry Knit Fabrics other than what it is.

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Sampling

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FINDINGS:
Applications: 1. Bathrobes After a shower or bath, people often wrap themselves in a cozy bathrobe that swallows them in delightful warmth and is pleasantly soft on their skin. The robe is made of terry cloth. With extra absorbency, your terry cloth bathrobe keeps you dry, comfortable and relaxed through the entire evening.

2. Bed Sheets To get a good night's sleep, a comfortable mattress and pillows are needed, as well as soft bed sheets. Bed sheets made with terry cloth feel smooth, luxurious and homey.

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Plus, terry cloth is easy to wash, which helps in keeping the bedding consistently clean.

3. Reusable Diapers A baby's tender, sensitive skin often falls victim to dryness and rash. It can be protected by use of soft material such as terry cloth to prevent harsh irritations. Reusable diapers made with terry cloth not only provide the softness and comfort babies need, but they are also environmentally friendly---two very tempting reasons to give them a try.

4. Towels From the bathroom to the kitchen, towels are used to wipe up messes and absorb spilled liquid.

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Terry cloth is able to consume a lot of fluid, making it an ideal material for towels in all areas of the house. And in the case of terry cloth bath towels, not only do they dry the skin quickly and efficiently, they feel nice, too.

5. Sweat Suits Terry cloth can both dry sweat after exercise and provide comfort, making it an excellent fabric for an easy, basic sweat suit.

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6. Upholstery Terry cloth is used in sofa covers and other upholstery as it is comfortable.

7. Car Seat Covers Terry cloth is use in car seat covers as it is absorbent and feel good and comfortable against the skin.

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8. Sweat bands Terry cloth is used in sweat bands as they are very absorbent and are hence useful when a person is out to run and needs to wipe his sweat.

9. Slippers Terry Cloth is used in reusable slippers usually kept in hotel room and flights. They are good absorbers and are very comfortable. They are also called carpet slippers.

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Types:
Standard Terry Cloth:

Manufactured on a machine called a Dobby Loom, standard terry cloth is made from cotton. On standard terry cloth the loops on the fabric stick up from the base cloth on both sides, which makes it soft and absorbent. The drawback to standard terry cloth is that the loops are in straight lines that can become unspooled and leave barren spots on the fabric.

French Terry Cloth: French Terry cloth is manufactured in the same manner as standard terry cloth. That being said, there are a few key differences between French and standard terry cloth. French terry cloth only has loops on one side of the fabric. French terry cloth is also stretchy, so it is suitable for more projects than standard terry cloth.
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Additionally, French terry cloth is a medium- to light-weight fabric, so it can be used for sportswear garments in warmer weather. It can be made of bamboo, cotton, rayon and blended with Lycra or spandex for added stretch.

Micro Terry Fleece Micro terry fleece has very fine, tightly woven loops on both sides of the fabric base. Unlike other types of terry cloth, micro terry fleece is not made from a natural fibre, it is made from polyester. It is not particularly absorbent, but it is extremely soft. Common uses for micro terry fleece would include blankets and outerwear.

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Knit Terry Cloth:

Knit terry cloth is similar to French terry cloth, but French terry cloth can be knit or woven. To make knit terry cloth, interlocking loops of one or more strands of yarn are bound together. That being said, knit terry is otherwise identical in its properties to French terry. It is soft, stretchy and absorbent. Typically, it is made of 100 percent cotton. However, it can also be made of bamboo, rayon or linen, or have an element of added stretch with a Lycra or spandex blend.

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DETAILED STUDY:
After our initial research of what our topic entails, we learned that Terry Knit Fabrics are produced on Circular Weft Knitting Machines. Single or ply cotton yarns are employed, made with a ground warp and a pile a warp on individual warp beams and one set of filling, together with a special reed and easing motion. The ends are generally arranged one ground and one pile or two ground and one pile yarn. The basic weave repeats on three picks, a loose reed is employed on the first two picks, and is made fast on the third pick while the pile beam is slackened, the slack of this extra yarn forming the terry loops across the cloth. A firm foundation is made by the ground warp and filling. It may also be woven on a jacquard and dobby loom. Terry cloth has to first be made into a fabric, and is done through warping and weaving. Longitudinal threads are warped across a beam while at the same time latitudinal threads are woven over and under them. Manufactures use coatings of starch or wax to make the warp threads easier to weave. Terry cloth can only be woven using two warp beams; the ground warp is used to form the base of the towel while the pile warp is used to create the loops of thread that produce the texture and function.

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On our visit, we saw practically the machine and its parts and its working. The whole process can be explained in brief as such: PRODUCTION OF TERRY KNIT FABRIC: Terry knit fabrics are produced on circular knitting machines using only cylinder needles. Knitting Elements:1. NeedleThe machine uses latch needles. The latch needle are self-acting needles. It consists of a hooked portion at the top, with a latch or spoon riveted at a certain distance from the head of the needle. Latch needle forms a stitch with a simple up and down movement. The stem or shank is a straight portion of the needle with a protruding butt, some distance from the end of the needle. The reciprocating movement to the needle in the vertical direction is given through this butt.

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2. Sinker- A sinker is a knitting element which consists of a thin metal strip and is used between each needle to assist the knitting. The sinker is a bit longer in length as compared to sinkers used in normal knitting machines.

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3. Cylinder-The Needle Bed- The needles are maintained in a needle bed which is a metal cylinder. Tricks are cut in the outside wall of the cylinder to hold the needles. The number of tricks cut per 25mm(one inch) is called the cut of the machine. A needle is placed in each trick so that the back of the needle lies against the needle bed. The needles are perfectly vertical and the butt protrudes. This butt moves along the cam track, which gives the desired motion to the needle.

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4. Free Standing Creels- There are as many cams in the machine as there are number of feeds in the creel. It permits larger size packages to be used. Also, the lint problem in staple yarn is reduced. In Terry Knitting, Each feeder feeds 2 yarns to the needle. 5. Cams- A cam can be defined as the cut path that the needles and sinker use during knitting to obtain desired pattern. There are various cams: Stitch Cam, Upthrow Cam, Guard Cam, Clearing Cam and Running Cam. Sinkers are supposed to move backward and forward in relation to the needles. A separate set of separate cams is contained in the sinker ring. Its time is synchronized to needle timing. 6. Feed Yarn Carrier- Feed Yarn Carriers are fitted in a ring which is fastened to the cylinder cam ring. The yarn carrier serves two purposes: Feeding the yarn to the needle hooks. Keeping the needle latches in an open position while the needle is in their clearing position so that the new yarn is received in the hook. 7. Take-Up Mechanism- This mechanism is bolted to the underside of the gear ring. The cloth is drawn from the sinkers between the two fluted rollers which exert a constant

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tension. Below the take-down is the cloth roll-up wound in a roll form.

The process of production of Terry Knit Fabric is easy to explain. The circular knitting machine used for its production uses a cylinder latch needle and sinkers in the dial.
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The needles are fed two yarns together out of which the needle makes a plain loop and the sinker in the dial makes the Terry loop. The terry loop is long and protrudes out of the fabric. The needle movement is same as that in the plain knitted structure but the sinker moves For the manufacturing of terry cloth, it is necessary to use singlebed circular knitting machines equipped with special sinkers featuring a longer nose than standard sinkers and special thread guides which feed simultaneously two yarns, one called ground yarn and the other one called face yarn, into the same needle. During the stitch formation, the sinkers move forward and position themselves between the two yarns. The ground yarn fits under the sinker nose, inside the throat, and carries out a standard stitch formation cycle, while the face yarn is positioned above the sinker nose. Therefore, as the fabric is knitted, the face yarn forms a loop pile, leaving the other yarn to serve as the ground. As a result, the face yarn always appears on the face and the ground yarn always on the back of the cloth. If the sinker is not pushed forward to reach its maximum forward position, the two yarns fed are both tucked under the nose, with the consequent formation of a double knit stitch of standard length. By exploiting the possibility of moving the sinkers forward completely or only partially, it is possible to create sculptured terry effects, i.e. flat zones alternated with terry knit zones. The terry formation steps can be described as follows: STEP A: The sinkers reach their maximum forward position towards the centre of the cylinder and are momentarily stopped. During this step, they must retain the previous loop on the needle stem and allow the needle to rise, reach the knitting position, and prepare to receive the two yarns fed by the yarn guide. In this
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starting position the face yarn is on the sinker nib and the interloop is in the throat.

STEP B: The sinkers start their backstroke to allow the yarn guide to feed the needle with the two yarns at different heights. The ground yarn, fed in the lower part of the needle hook, is inserted into the sinker throat while the face yarn, fed in the upper part of the hook, is laid on the sinker nib.

STEP C: The sinkers move toward the center of the cylinder and the needle starts lowering. During this step, the two yarns remain on the nib and in the throat of the sinkers.

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STEP D: The sinkers reach their maximum forward position and stand still; the needle lowers and completely knocks over the previous stitch on the new stitch which has just formed. The new stitch is made up by two yarns (ground yarn and face yarn), while the face yarn of the stitch previously formed is on the sinker nib and the ground yarn forming the interloop is in the sinker throat.

This cycle of formation of one loop repeats, hence producing a fabric. The fabric produced in then rolled up in a bundle by take up mechanism and these rolls are then sent to various cloth houses.

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MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS:
The Terry Knitting Machine at Staple Knits had the following specifications: Gauge: 20 Diameter of the Machine: 26 Number of Feeders: 52 Number of Cams: 52 Rotations per Meter: 25 Number of Threads: 104 The machine uses 1 motor and there are approximately 10-12 gears. The cylinder gets its motion from the motor and the motor gives motion to the belt and the pulley. A timing belt is present that provides movement to the cylinder.

The movements of each part are synchronized so that there is no breakage due to collision.

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CONCLUSION
We conclude our project by stating the main points in brief.

PROPERTY OF THE FABRIC:

The fabric is noted for its ability to absorb moisture; the length of the loops determines how much fluid is absorbed by the cloth as longer loops provide more surface area to absorb and come in contact with the fluid.

USES:
This fabric is used for many purposes including Towels Beach Robes Car Seat Covers Sweat Bands for Head and Wrist Upholstery Babies Nappies in UK Reusable Diapers in US Bed linen Sweat Jackets Terry towelling hats with a shallow brim were once popular with cricketers but are no longer in fashion.

BENEFITS OF TERRY CLOTH

The terry cloth has benefits for manufacturers and consumers. Manufacturers find that cotton gives them flexibility to dye, allowing them to offer terry cloth products in several colors. For consumers it is easy to clean, can withstand high temperatures, and does not shrink with washing. Terry cloth is light, washable, comfortable and, most importantly, absorbent.

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APPEARANCE OF THE FABRIC

Basic terrycloth features a high loop pile on one or both sides of the fabric. The unique weave gives the terry it's signature plush, textural appearance. The loop pile normally remains uncut, but is also found in cut versions. CHARACTERISTICS The hallmark of terrycloth is its highly absorbent nature. The cotton loops act as small sponges to absorb water. The loop pile gives terrycloth a soft, yet durable quality. Terry is an easy-care fabric that does not require ironing and holds up to repeated use and laundering.

There are three patents done in the field of Terry knit fabrics:
o

Patents

Publication number Publication type Application number Publication date Filing date Priority date Also published as
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US6082147 A Grant 09/193,208 Jul 4, 2000 Nov 17, 1998 Jul 1, 1998 EP0969130A2 2 More

Inventors Original Assignee

Edward P. Dionne 2 More Malden Mills Industries, Inc. 21 More

U.S. 66/191 Classification 4 More International D04B1/02 Classification D04B1/04 Cooperative D04B1/04 Classification European D04B 1/04 Classification

References

Patent Citations (4) Referenced by (16)

External Links

USPTO 2 More

Two face terry knit raised surface fabric with face to back color differentiation
US 6082147 A
ABSTRACT 39

A raised surface fabric knit on a conventional terry knitting machine is provided. The process utilizes yarns of different color or dyeability in alternating courses; by way of example, yarn A (undyed) is used for course 1, yarn B (dyed) is used for course 2, yarn A is used for course 3, yarn B for course 4, etc. Yarn A has a low shrinkability, while yarn B has a high shrinkability.

Patents Publication number Publication type Application number Publication date Filing date Priority date US6321574 B1 Grant 09/772,007 Nov 27, 2001 Jan 29, 2001 Jan 29, 2001

Inventors Original Assignee

Ulrich Marker Fred E. Hunneke Domestic Fabrics Corporation

U.S. Classification

66/19 66/194

International Classification D04B9/00 D04B9/12

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Cooperative Classification European Classification

D04B9/12 D04B 9/12

References

Patent Citations (11) Referenced by (2)

External Links

USPTO 2 More

Double knit terry fabric with sculptural design

US 6321574 B1
ABSTRACT

A multi-color, knitted, sculpted, terry fabric is formed with two yarns on a circular double knitting machine having cylinder and dial needles by forming a ground layer by actuating the dial needles to engage both yarns, and by selectively actuating the cylinder needles to engage one or both yarns to form pile loops, or neither yarn to form no pile loops. The cylinder needles are opened upon actuation by operation of a latch opening mechanism that is moveable and biased towards an engaging position. The fabric may be held down as the cylinder needles actuate by a hold down bar. Multicolor, three-dimensional, non-repeating patterns may be formed in the fabric by using yarns of different color, and by selectively forming regions having no pile, pile loops of the first yarn, pile loops of the second yarn, and/or pile loops of both yarns.

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 Patents Publication number Publication type Application number Publication date Filing date Priority date US4570461 A Grant 06/625,113 Feb 18, 1986 Jun 27, 1984 Jul 29, 1983

Inventors Original Assignee

Masatoshi Sawazaki Precision Fukuhara Works, Ltd.

66/194 U.S. Classification 66/198 International D04B1/10 Classification 6 More Cooperative D04B1/104 Classification 4 More European D04B 1/10B1 Classification 4 More
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References

Patent Citations (5) Referenced by (5)

External Links
US 4570461 A
ABSTRACT

USPTO 2 More

Eyelet and terry knit fabric and method

This fabric includes a repeating pattern of courses containing wales of jersey stitch loops and eyelets in selected sinker wales between the jersey stitch loops, and a repeating pattern of courses containing wales of jersey stitch loops knit with a pair of plated yarns and with one of the yarns forming terry loops in selected sinker wales between the jersey stitch loops. The eyelets and terry loops are each formed by pelerine points with only the outer ends of the pelerine points being used to form the terry loops while the inner and outer portions of the pelerine points are used to form the eyelets. The eyelets provide ventilation to the knit fabric while the terry loops provide an attractive pattern and moistureabsorbing characteristics to the knit fabric. The method is carried out on a circular knitting machine including multiple knitting stations, a cylinder with cylinder needles, and pelerine points carried by the dial.

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REFERENCES:
Google Wikipedia Industry Visit Resource Centre

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