EGEE 101H, Homework #2 Unit Conversions and Efficiency February 04, 2014 Due on Thursday, February 13 by electronic submission

n to the HW2 drop box, by 11:59 p.m. 1. Assume that you have graduated from Penn State, found a good job and secured a lowinterest mortgage loan to build your dream house in Pittsburgh. You need a heating system which would provide 1 !,""",""" #tu of heat per year during the heating season. #elow are some options with fuel costs. $hich option would you choose, if you want to minimi%e your energy bill& 'alculate the total fuel cost of each option to support your decision. (abulate your results using the table below. 30 pts a) burn coal* +eating ,alue* !,""",""" #tu-ton, +eating .fficiency* ".!!, 'ost* /0! per ton. b) burn fuel oil +eating value* 11",""" #tu-gallon, +eating .fficiency* ".0!, 'ost* /1 per gallon. c) burn natural gas* +eating ,alue* 1,""" #tu-cu ft, +eating .fficiency* ".2", 'ost* / .!-1,""" cu ft. d) use electricity* 'onversion 3actor* 1 4$h 5 611 #tu, +eating .fficiency* 1.", 'ost* /7"-1,""" 4$h System 'oal Stove 9il 3urnace ;as 3urnace .lectric +eat Amount of 3uel 7.1" tons 16:6.0 gallons 1!0, !" cu ft 6006!.1 4$h 8nit 'ost /0!-ton /1-gallon / .!-1,""" cu ft /7"-1,""" 4$h (otal 'ost, / /!7".71 /!,171.!1 /67".06 /6, 7:.1

Note* <on=t forget to include heating efficiencies in your calculations. >emember, when you include efficiency, you will need more heat from the fuels ?as input) than the re@uired output ?i.e., 1 !,""",""" #tu). 7.5 pts for each correct answer. 2. $hat is the heating efficiency of an electric water heater, if you spend ".11 4ilowatthour of electric energy to heat lb. of water from :: to 1 A3& ?+int* >emember the definition of #tu and 1 4$h 5 611 #tu.) 20 pts .11kwh*3412Btu/kwh = 375Btu (212-77)*2=270 Btu 270/375 = 72% efficient 3. An inventor claims that he has developed a wonderful new heat engine that operates with a relatively cool flame at 1!" A' and discharges waste heat to the environment at " A'. +is promotional literature advertises that the first law efficiency of his device is 1!B. $ould you believe him& ?+int* 'alculate the maCimum efficiency possible for the engine and compare it

with the claimed efficiency.) 20 pts !" #fficienc$ = (%h & %') / %h = (423-2(3)/423= .31 No 45% is not possi)'e. %he hi*hest efficienc$ is !)out 31% 4. $est 'ampus Steam Plant produces steam for heating and cogenerates electricity. (he average heating value of the coal used in the plant is 16, 012 #tu-lb and its average sulfur content is 1. 2Bwt. Datural gas with a heating value of 1,"6" #tu-cu ft and negligibly small sulfur content is also burned at the plant. East year 0!, "0 tons of coal and 26,007,""" cubic feet of natural gas were burned to produce steam and generate electricity. a) 'alculate the amount of S9 which were released to the atmosphere last year ?1 ton of sulfur in the coal produces tons of sulfur dioCide upon combustion.) +5,20+*1.2-% = -34.++tons su'fu. = 1,++(.32 tons su'fu. /io"i/e b) $ould this plant be in compliance with the .PA limit if it burned coal only ?i.e., maCimum allowable emission 51. lb S9 per million #tu supplied by the coal)& Show your calculations. ?+int* 'alculate first how much coal you need to burn to supply one million #tu. ) 1,000,000Btu*')/13,+1-Btu = 73.43') co!'*1.2-% = 0.(4') su'fu. = 1.-(') su'fu. /io"i/e %his p'!nt wou'/ not )e in co0p'i!nce c) 'alculate the amount of '9 ?in tons) emitted to the atmosphere only from the coal burned in the $est 'ampus Steam Plant last year ?'oal contains 2!B wt carbon. Assume that all the carbon in coal is converted to '9 by combustion. 9ne ton of carbon produces 6.0: tons of '9 upon combustion. 30 pts +5,20+ tons co!' * -5%c!.)on = 55,425tons c!.)on*3.+7= 203,410tons 1!.)on /io"i/e