Hannah Williamson Final Draft Rhetorical Analysis English 1102 Douglas Principals Arent Parents Cyberbullying is an ongoing issue

for children these days. With the numerous types of social networking and technology, it is easy to bully someone without having to say anything to his or her face. Because of this, children are becoming crueler and crueler behind the screens of their computers. However, should schools have the right to punish students at school for what they are typing at home? Nancy Willard wrote for CQ Researcher in April 2008 that schools should have the right to punish students for cyberbullying. Witold J. Walczak also wrote for CQ Researcher in April 2008 and disagrees, saying that it takes away the students free constitutional rights that are supposed to be given to them outside of school. Both these positions help readers who cant decide if they think students should be punished in school or not. Witold J. Walczak does a great job of arguing why students shouldnt be punished at school for what they do at home. He talks about how once students leave school, they are not in teachers or principals responsibility. However awful the things students might be saying online are, they arent being said at school, and it is therefore not in the schools duty to do anything, but only the parents rights. Walczak states And while students don't shed all their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate, courts have given administrators some leeway to restrict students' free speech, privacy and other rights while in school custody. Once students leave the school's custody, they not

only reacquire their full constitutional rights, but their parents or guardians regain theirs too, including their right to direct and control their children's upbringing. (Walczak 1) Walczaks approach with this article is strong because he talks about the laws and rights of students. Although morally the things people are saying are very wrong, it is in no way the schools right to be able to punish students for what they type outside of school. Walczak says that schools do however have the right to notify parents of what their students may be doing outside of school because Parents typically don't know everything their children do, and that's particularly true for Internet activity. (Walczak 1) A weakness to this article is that there is no real life situations to help support the authors thesis. The author does not really address the opposition of why punishing students in school because of out of school activities is justifiable. Walczak succeeded in doing so because he then pushed his point even further that it is only th e parents responsibility in disciplining their children for such things.

The second approach by Nancy Willard talks about how at some point the school should get involved, and that if students find their lives in danger the school should be able to punish the student responsible. Willard brings in how students can severely suffer from bullying, and the things people say can lead to psychological care or suicide watch. When off-campus speech raises legitimate concerns about student safety and well-being, school officials must have the authority to respond because every student faces the potential of harm. (Willard 1) The way Willard approaches the subject strengthens the argument in that it makes the reader emotional and worried. She brings in specific examples of students being bullied and the aftermath of these victims. Some examples she uses is two high school students used a social-networking cite to create a

racist profile that included racist language and cartoons about lynching. Other students then wrote terrible comments on the page, and the minority students at the school reported being extremely frightened. She also talked about how at a different high school, students created a We Hate Ashley page where they wrote terrible things such as sexual innuendos and jokes about her weight. Afterwards, Ashley refused to go to school and was receiving psychological care as well as being on suicide watch. However, Willard weakens her argument by talking about the opposition. School officials do not have the authority to respond to off-campus speech simply because they find the speech objectionable or repugnant. Response to such speech is a parent's responsibility (Willard 1). As a reader, this makes sense that schools dont have the right and that parents do. Willard should have just focused on the emotional outcomes of cyberbullying. The author that is most successful in arguing if off-campus bullying is acceptably punishable on-campus is Walczak, because he agrees that it is in no way the schools responsibility and provides legal examples by talking about our constitutional rights. A schools responsibility is education and to help a student become something of themselves, but it is their parents responsibility to know what they are doing online, not the schools. If a student is doing so much that an individual feels they are in danger, it is then a police or courts right to get involved. Again, Walczak did a fantastic job in arguing that. Walczak also did a better job of successfully appealing to the audience because he had the stronger argument. As for our current culture in America, each article proves we have a lot to work on. The fact that cyberbullying is such an ongoing problem in schools around our country shows that something has to be done, and students need to be

talked to. Hopefully in the future, our society can at a minimum decrease the amount of cyberbullying incidents and victims in the United States.

Pro Nancy Willard Executive Director, Center for Safe and Responsible Internet Use. Written for CQ Researcher, April 2008 Two high-school students have created a racist profile on a social-networking site, including racist language and cartoons about lynching. Other students are linking to the site and have posted ugly comments. Teachers report that many of the school's minority students are frightened. At another high school, students created a "We Hate Ashley" profile that includes crude sexual innuendos and cracks about their classmate's weight. Ashley is no longer willing to come to school, and her grades have plummeted. Her parents report she is under psychological care and on suicide watch. Do school officials have the authority to impose discipline in response to harmful offcampus online speech? Should they? This is a major challenge facing school administrators today. The problem is grounded in the fact that the most harmful incidents of cyberbullying occur when students post or send material while they are off-campus, because they have more unsupervised time. But the harmful impact is at school, because this is where students are physically together. Cyberbullying incidents lead to school avoidance and failure, youth suicide and school violence. Studies on cyberbullying reported in the December 2007 Journal of Adolescent Health reveal that both perpetrators and targets of cyberbullying report significant psychosocial concerns and increased rates of involvement in off-line physical and relational aggression. Targets of cyberbullying were eight times more likely than other students to report bringing a weapon to school. The concerns for student safety are very real. Students who do not believe school officials can help them may seek their own revenge or refuse to come to school. Courts have consistently ruled that school officials can respond to off-campus student speech if that speech has caused or a reasonable person would anticipate it could cause a substantial disruption at school or interference with the rights of students to be secure. Situations that have met this standard include violent physical or verbal altercations, a hostile environment interfering with the ability of students to participate in school activities and significant interference with school operations and delivery of instruction. School officials do not have the authority to respond to off-campus speech simply because they find the speech objectionable or repugnant. Response to such speech is a parent's responsibility. But when off-campus speech raises legitimate concerns about

student safety and well-being, school officials must have the authority to respond because every student faces the potential of harm.

Con Witold J. Walczak Legal Director, American Civil Liberties Union of Pennsylvania. Written for CQ Researcher, April 2008 If a school principal observed two students bullying another student at the local park or mall, she might speak to the children, alert the parents or, if really serious, call the police. Most likely she would not, however, contemplate using her principal's authority to suspend or otherwise discipline the bullies. Like most people, she would think that's outside of school and beyond her authority. The same standard should apply to cyberbullying. School officials act in loco parentis (in place of a parent) when children are in school or in school-sponsored activities. Teachers are given leeway to instruct, direct and discipline to ensure a safe environment conducive to learning. And while students don't shed all their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate, courts have given administrators some leeway to restrict students' free speech, privacy and other rights while in school custody. Once students leave the school's custody, they not only reacquire their full constitutional rights, but their parents or guardians regain theirs too, including their right to direct and control their children's upbringing. Parents' values and families' dynamics differ. Some parents prefer to turn the other cheek while others promote an eye for an eye. School officials have their own values and ways of addressing problems, and those may differ from the parents'. When it comes to their children's out-of-school behavior, parents have the right to decide if and how to discipline. Limiting schools' disciplinary authority for out-of-school speech does not preclude school officials from taking steps, short of discipline, to address problems. Parents typically don't know everything their children do, and that's particularly true for Internet activity. Most parents would probably want school officials to alert them to bullying activity but leave disciplinary decisions to them. And for bullying that may cross the line into criminal behavior, contacting the police might be appropriate. Finally, while school officials need to recognize that legally they have no authority over students' out-of-school speech, students should understand that Internet speech often carries real-world consequences. Unlike intemperate and stupid things uttered at the mall, speech posted on the Internet endures and is more widely accessible. Colleges, universities and prospective employers increasingly tend to uncover those mean and stupid Internet postings. In sum, school officials have latitude to discipline students for bullying, cyber or otherwise, that occurs in school, but only parents (or police if necessary) have the authority to handle such matters off campus.

Works Cited

Willard, Nancy "Should Schools be able to Regulate Off-Campus Cyberbullying? Pro" CQ Researcher April 2008: 385-408. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.

Witold J. Walczak "Should Schools be able to Regulate Off-Campus Cyberbullying? Con" CQ Researcher April 2008: 385-408. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.

Billitteri, Thomas J. "Cyberbullying." CQ Researcher 2 May 2008: 385-408. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.

ORIGINAL Hannah Williamson Final Draft Rhetorical Analysis English 1102 Douglas Principals Arent Parents Cyberbullying is an ongoing issue for kids these days. With the numerous types of social networking and technology, it is easy to bully someone without having to say anything to their face. Because of this, kids are becoming crueler and crueler behind the screens of their computers. However, should schools have the right to punish students at school for what they are typing at home? Nancy Willard wrote for CQ Researcher in April 2008 that schools should have the right to punish students for cyberbullying. Witold J. Walczak also wrote for CQ Researcher in April 2008 and disagrees, saying that it takes away the students free constitutional rights that are supposed to be given to them outside of school. Both these positions help readers who cant decide if they think students should be punished in school or not. Witold J. Walczak does a great job of arguing why students shouldnt be punished at school for what they do at home. He talks about how once students leave school, they are not in teachers or principals responsibility. However awful the things students might be saying online are, they arent being said at school, and it is therefore not in the schools duty to do anything, but only the parents rights. Walczak states And

while students don't shed all their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate, courts have given administrators some leeway to restrict students' free speech, privacy and other rights while in school custody. Once students leave the school's custody, they not only reacquire their full constitutional rights, but their parents or guardians regain theirs too, including their right to direct and control their children's upbringing. (Walczak 1) Walczaks approach with this article is strong because he talks about the laws and rights of students. Although morally the things people are saying are very wrong, it is in no way the schools right to be able to punish students for what they type outside of school. Walczak says that schools do however have the right to notify parents of what their students may be doing outside of school because Parents typically don't know everything their children do, and that's particularly true for Internet activity. (Walczak 1) A weakness to this article is that there is no real life situations to help support the authors thesis. The author does not really address the opposition of why punishing students in school for out of school activities is okay. Walczak succeeded in doing so because he then pushed his point even further that it is only the parents responsibility in disciplining their children for such things.

The second approach by Nancy Willard talks about how at some point the school should get involved, and that if students find their lives in danger the school should be able to punish the student responsible. Willard brings in how students can severely suffer from bullying, and the things people say can lead to psychological care or suicide watch. When off-campus speech raises legitimate concerns about student safety and well-being, school officials must have the authority to respond because every student faces the potential of harm. (Willard 1) The way Willard approaches the subject

strengthens the argument in that it makes the reader emotional and worried. She brings in specific examples of students being bullied and the aftermath of these victims. However, Willard weakens her argument by talking about the opposition. School officials do not have the authority to respond to off-campus speech simply because they find the speech objectionable or repugnant. Response to such speech is a parent's responsibility (Willard 1). As a reader, this makes sense that schools dont have the right and that parents do. Willard should have just focused on the emotional outcomes of cyberbullying. The author that is most successful in arguing if off-campus bullying is acceptably punishable on-campus is Walczak, because he agrees that it is in no way the schools responsibility and provides legal examples by talking about our constitutional rights. A schools responsibility is education and to help a student become something of themselves, but it is their parents responsibility to know what they are doing online, not the schools. If a student is doing so much that an individual feels they are in danger, it is then a police or courts right to get involved. Again, Walczak did a fantastic job in arguing that. Walczak also did a better job of successfully appealing to the audience because he had the stronger argument. As for our current culture in America, each article proves we have a lot to work on. The fact that cyberbullying is such an ongoing problem in schools around our country shows that something has to be done, and students need to be talked to. Hopefully in the future, our society can at a minimum decrease the amount of cyberbullying incidents and victims in the United States.

Pro Nancy Willard Executive Director, Center for Safe and Responsible Internet Use. Written for CQ Researcher, April 2008 Two high-school students have created a racist profile on a social-networking site, including racist language and cartoons about lynching. Other students are linking to the site and have posted ugly comments. Teachers report that many of the school's minority students are frightened. At another high school, students created a "We Hate Ashley" profile that includes crude sexual innuendos and cracks about their classmate's weight. Ashley is no longer willing to come to school, and her grades have plummeted. Her parents report she is under psychological care and on suicide watch. Do school officials have the authority to impose discipline in response to harmful offcampus online speech? Should they? This is a major challenge facing school administrators today. The problem is grounded in the fact that the most harmful incidents of cyberbullying occur when students post or send material while they are off-campus, because they have more unsupervised time. But the harmful impact is at school, because this is where students are physically together. Cyberbullying incidents lead to school avoidance and failure, youth suicide and school violence. Studies on cyberbullying reported in the December 2007 Journal of Adolescent Health reveal that both perpetrators and targets of cyberbullying report significant psychosocial concerns and increased rates of involvement in off-line physical and relational aggression. Targets of cyberbullying were eight times more likely than other students to report bringing a weapon to school. The concerns for student safety are very real. Students who do not believe school officials can help them may seek their own revenge or refuse to come to school. Courts have consistently ruled that school officials can respond to off-campus student speech if that speech has caused or a reasonable person would anticipate it could cause a substantial disruption at school or interference with the rights of students to be secure. Situations that have met this standard include violent physical or verbal altercations, a hostile environment interfering with the ability of students to participate in school activities and significant interference with school operations and delivery of instruction.

School officials do not have the authority to respond to off-campus speech simply because they find the speech objectionable or repugnant. Response to such speech is a parent's responsibility. But when off-campus speech raises legitimate concerns about student safety and well-being, school officials must have the authority to respond because every student faces the potential of harm.

Con Witold J. Walczak Legal Director, American Civil Liberties Union of Pennsylvania. Written for CQ Researcher, April 2008 If a school principal observed two students bullying another student at the local park or mall, she might speak to the children, alert the parents or, if really serious, call the police. Most likely she would not, however, contemplate using her principal's authority to suspend or otherwise discipline the bullies. Like most people, she would think that's outside of school and beyond her authority. The same standard should apply to cyberbullying. School officials act in loco parentis (in place of a parent) when children are in school or in school-sponsored activities. Teachers are given leeway to instruct, direct and discipline to ensure a safe environment conducive to learning. And while students don't shed all their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate, courts have given administrators some leeway to restrict students' free speech, privacy and other rights while in school custody. Once students leave the school's custody, they not only reacquire their full constitutional rights, but their parents or guardians regain theirs too, including their right to direct and control their children's upbringing. Parents' values and families' dynamics differ. Some parents prefer to turn the other cheek while others promote an eye for an eye. School officials have their own values and ways of addressing problems, and those may differ from the parents'. When it comes to their children's out-of-school behavior, parents have the right to decide if and how to discipline. Limiting schools' disciplinary authority for out-of-school speech does not preclude school officials from taking steps, short of discipline, to address problems. Parents typically don't know everything their children do, and that's particularly true for Internet activity. Most parents would probably want school officials to alert them to bullying activity but leave disciplinary decisions to them. And for bullying that may cross the line into criminal behavior, contacting the police might be appropriate. Finally, while school officials need to recognize that legally they have no authority over students' out-of-school speech, students should understand that Internet speech often carries real-world consequences. Unlike intemperate and stupid things uttered at the mall, speech posted on the Internet endures and is more widely accessible. Colleges, universities and prospective employers increasingly tend to uncover those mean and stupid Internet postings.

In sum, school officials have latitude to discipline students for bullying, cyber or otherwise, that occurs in school, but only parents (or police if necessary) have the authority to handle such matters off campus. Works Cited

Willard, Nancy "Should Schools be able to Regulate Off-Campus Cyberbullying? Pro" CQ Researcher April 2008: 385-408. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.

Witold J. Walczak "Should Schools be able to Regulate Off-Campus Cyberbullying? Con" CQ Researcher April 2008: 385-408. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.

Billitteri, Thomas J. "Cyberbullying." CQ Researcher 2 May 2008: 385-408. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.

Annotated Bibliography Katz, Jackson. Violence against Women- It's a Men's Issue. Ted.com. N.p., Nov. 2012. Web. 22 Mar. 2014. In this video clip, Jackson Katz argues that gender violence is a men's issue. He says when we call it a women's issue, men often tune it out. When people hear gender they think it means women. Be talks about victim blaming, "what was she wearing, why was she going out with those men." The questions have to be about the perpetrators and not the victims. Katz feels that is awesome how many women are brave enough to speak up on this issue even after the disgusting names they can get called, but he also feels men need to step up and have courage to talk about this stuff.

This video is a reliable source because the speaker in it, Jackson Katz, Ph.D., is known for his work in media literacy and gender violence prevention education. He has lectured on many college and high school campuses, and has done hundreds of professional trainings, seminars, and workshops in the U.S. and other countries. Katz is the author of two books, The Macho Paradox: Why Some Men Hurt Women and How All Men Can Help and Leading Men: Presidential Campaigns and the Politics of Manhood.

From this video I learned a lot of the problems associated with gender violence such as

victim blaming and how much of a problem it truly is. I learned reasons why it is viewed as a women's issue and the negative effect that then creates. I learned that this needs to be viewed as both a men and women's issue because men are the ones creating this problem. In conclusion, it is important for us to figure out when men are doing wrong so we can stop the issue of gender violence.

Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Jennifer. "Controversies Involving Gender and Intimate Partner Violence in the United States." Sex Roles. 62 (2010): 3-4. Print.

This paper focuses on five different controversies that have to do with gender and intimate partner violence in the United States. For example, gender symmetry of perpetration, utility of typologies, understanding bi-directionally violent couples, motivations of violence and self-defense, and the effectiveness of being treated.

This paper is a well worthy source for my round table essay. I found it through the Atkins Library Database and it is peer-reviewed. It includes 15 pages of evidence to support what is being talked about, along with a large amount of references cited at the end of the paper.

While researching I wanted to be able to find more information on domestic violence in The United States. I need to be able to fully understand and explain all aspects of gender violence to be able to effectively write my round table essay. This will help me do so with the incredible amount of evidence about intimate partner violence in the United States.

Lindley, Diane, Roger Cook, and Kim H. Jacobs. The Rhetoric of Women in Politics. New York: Films Media Group, 2005. Internet resource.

This video includes women in politics with high power such a Shirley Chisholm, Geraldine Ferraro, Hillary Rodham Clinton, and Elizabeth Dole. This day in age politics is still primarily run by males. These women talk about their struggles in politics as they are often very much discriminated against. This source is reliable in that it is a video found through the schools library website. The women speaking in the video, Shirley Chisholm, Geraldine Ferraro, Hillary Rodham Clinton, and Elizabeth Dole, are all reliable speakers in that they are all qualified and experienced women of power.

This video will help because it takes a bigger look at how the media already discriminates against women. It shows specific examples of women being discriminated against just because of their gender.

Michael, L C, Paul H. Ronald, M R. Justine, and Kees Jeremy. "The Impact of Violence against Women in Advertisements." Journal of Advertising. 39.4 (2011): 37-52. Print.

This paper discusses the impact that advertising media has by portraying violence and abuse, especially when it is directed at women. This research looks at how sexualized violence in ads influences rape myth beliefs and consumer behavior variables. The findings suggest that these tactics dont help in successful marketing.

This source is very much reliable in that it is a peer-reviewed article that I found through the Atkins Library Database. It includes 17 pages of information along with specific examples of advertisements displaying sexualized violence. It also includes references that are all cited.

Since my line of inquiry is how the media effects the issue of gender violence, this article is perfect. It discusses how medias advertisements that have sexualized violence are a poor influence especially on rape myths. This research will surely help me with my round table essay.

Miss Representation. Dir. Jennifer Siebel Newsom. 2011. Film.

In the film Miss Representation, Jennifer Siebel Newsom helps to address the topic of how media discriminates against women and how women are still not equal to men. Newsom talks about how she doesn't want her daughter being brought up in a society where women don't feel they have as many opportunities that men do. It brings up examples of women in politics, gender violence, and equal pay between men and women and a lot of examples of how media reacts and effects those topics.

Miss Representation is a strong and reliable source that has quality information. All of the statistics used in the film are available on their website www.Missrepresentation.org, along with the source those statistics came from. The film won awards such as the

Movies Matter award for the Maui film festival in 2011, and two Audience Awards for the Sonoma film festival in 2011, and the Palo Alto International film festival in 2011.

Watching this film made me realize just how much the media discriminates against women and how much women are underrepresented still to this day. It taught me more information on gender violence, and more statistics about things women suffer through. It gave me examples of things said about and to women politicians.

RAINN. RAINN, 2008. Web. 22 Mar. 2014

This website includes many statistics for rape, abuse, and incest. Statistics are available about victims, sexual assault, reporting, and about offenders. This site also includes information on reporting, ways to reduce your risk, types of sexual violence, the effects of sexual assault, the aftermath of sexual assault, and recovering from sexual assault.

RAINN is a reliable source in that it is a very popular anti-sexual violence organization. Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network provides information on types of sexual assault and ways to get help including speaking to someone on their free 24/7 confidential hotline. RAINN also helps with programs to prevent sexual violence, help victims and ensure that rapists are not roaming free.

From this I can apply information about sexual assault and have statistics about the perpetrators and victims. I learned that every 2 minutes another American is sexually

assaulted. I also learned that 60% of sexual assaults are not reported to the police, and a disgusting 97% of rapists will never spend a day in jail.

Suarez, E, and TM Gadalla. "Stop Blaming the Victim: a Meta-Analysis on Rape Myths." Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 25.11 (2010): 2010-35. Print. This article talks about rape myths or false beliefs used shift the blame of rape from perpetrators to victims which is also known as victim blaming. It talks about how little rape prevention programs address this problem. It brings up rape-myths acceptance or RMA and the research shoes that men displayed a higher endorsementof RMA than women. This article is a reliable source because not only is it peer-reviewed, it has over 27 pages of research from the study conducted. Eliana Suarez, a doctorate student in Social Work at the University of Toronto, and Tahany M. Gadalla, PhD, an assistant professor at the University of Toronto both conducted this research. This research will help me in that it provides extensive research in victim blaming. Victim blaming is a huge problem that I associate with gender violence and this research will be able to help me explain victim blaming to the best of my ability.

Tough Guise 2: The Ongoing Crisis of Violent Masculinity. Dir. Jeremy Earp. Screenplay by Jeremy Earp and Jackson Katz. 2013. Film.

Tough Guise 2 is a film that is updating the original Tough Guise from 1999 that focuses on bullying, violence, militarism, homophobia, and masculinity. Jackson Katz, creator of

this film, discusses basically why men are the way they are and the troubles they have to go through.

Jackson Katz, Ph.D., the creator and co-writer of Tough Guise 2 is known for his work in media literacy and gender violence prevention education. He has lectured on many college and high school campuses, and has done hundreds of professional trainings, seminars, and workshops in the U.S. and other countries. Katz is the author of two books, The Macho Paradox: Why Some Men Hurt Women and How All Men Can Help and Leading Men: Presidential Campaigns and the Politics of Manhood

From Tough Guise 2 I learn the men side of things. This movie can help me understand why men are the way they are and will help me apply why some men do such horrible things to women such as rape and other forms of violence.

Hannah Williamson Round Table Essay Final Draft Douglas English 1102 Media and Gender Violence Issues Gender violence is an ongoing issue in the United States of America. Gender violence; for example, is rape, assault, harassment, stalking, prostitution, and sex trafficking (Duke Student Affairs). Statistics show every two minutes an American is sexually assaulted (RAINN). The problem with gender violence, Jackson Katz feels, is that we mainly focus on it as a womens issue (Katz, 2012). For this reason, women are taught from a young age to do things to avoid being sexually assaulted. They are taught to be careful what they wear, not to drink too much at parties, and to not think for a second that its okay to leave their drink unattended. They are given opportunities to take self-defense courses designed for women when they feel endangered by a man. However, women are still getting raped, and victim blaming comes into play. Victim blaming is when a person experiences some type of trauma such as rape, people often first blame the victim by saying things like, she shouldnt have drank so much or, she was asking for it by wearing that dress. There is no reason that a victim of such horror should have to receive further pain by being blamed for what happened to them. Men

are raping women and abusing women which is why this is a mens issue too. Who contributes to society viewing gender violence as primarily a womens issue and how can they change? There are a few groups of people that play important roles in this matter, first being men. Since men are often the perpetrators there is obviously something wrong. The other group would be women. Women are often the victims to gender violence. Lastly, the media plays an important role because of the huge effect it has on society. A lot of men dont feel they should get involved in the issue of gender violence because they feel they would never rape a girl or never hit a girl. However, some boys dont even understand the definition of rape. In Guyland: The Perilous World Where Boys Become Men by Michael Kimmel, Kimmel quotes a man in his class. Like, well look, I know this isnt PC and all, but a couple of times Ive pushed girls heads down on me, and like one time this girl was so drunk she was near passed out, and I kind of dragged her into my room and had sex with her. When she sort of came to a little bit, she was really upset and started crying and asked why I had done that. I think I said something like, because you were so pretty or some bullshit, but really it was because, well, because I was drunk and wanted to get laid. And she was, like, there. (Kimmel, 2008).That man clearly did not understand what rape is if he was willing to say that. This is why gender violence needs to be talked about, and more importantly, heard. In a TED speech by Jackson Katz he says Men can say things women cant. Better yet, men can be heard saying things women cant often be heard saying (Katz, 2012). Katz addresses that comment may be sexist; however, it is true. This is because when women try to speak up they are called things like male bashers, and man haters.

However, if a man started speaking up about these types of problems, more people might listen. Kats feels a huge difference would be made if men stopped allowing other men to say sexist comments. Isnt your silence a form of consent? (Katz, 2012). Unfortunately it isnt that easy. It is hard for men to challenge other men when it comes to this. This is where men with power and leadership come into play. We need adult men leaders, and adult men with power to start talking about this issue so that the issue can be heard. Women in general still have been discriminated against, especially in the media. When Sarah Palin was running for Vice President, people often just talked about how she looked (Miss Representation, 2011).They focused more on her appearance than anything else. As much as the women are victims in this issue, and so many women speak up about this issue despite the terrible names they are called, there is still more they could be doing. An average of 60% of assaults in the last five years were not reported. Those rapists, of course, will never spend a day in prison. But even when the crime is reported, it is unlike to lead to an arrest and prosecution. Factoring in unreported rapes, only about 3% of rapists will ever serve a day in prison (RAINN). Reporting assault is not an easy task, especially if the person assaulting you is someone you care about. About two-thirds of assaults are committed by someone known to the victim (RAINN). Since assault is often hard to prove sometimes especially when there is no witness, girls might refrain from reporting because they are scared nobody will believe them, and there have been cases where women accuse men of assault when nothing actually happened. Regardless, a lot could improve from more victims reporting this happening and pressing charges and nothing will change if people

continue not to. If more perpetrators are sentenced to jail time than maybe people will start seeing it for the big problem it is. Too many men get away with assault and this needs to change. Women can make a difference by reporting these awful crimes. Media is a huge part of todays society. Its estimated that there is somewhere north of 1 billion people that use the internet every single day (Miss Representation, 2011).That is why media has become such a heavy influence. Media also has a tendency to sexualize violence in advertisements. For example, one Dolce and Gabbana advertisement shows four men and one woman. The woman is pinned on the floor by one shirtless man, while the rest of the men are standing around them. A study was done by Michael L. Capella, Ronald Paul Hill, Justine M. Rapp, and Jeremy Kees on The Impact of Violence against Women in Advertisements. The study involved three ads showing sexualized violence against women. These advertisements, including the Dolce and Gabbana ad, were shown to a variety of consumers. They were then asked to respond to questions on how they felt about the ad, and the advertiser and the intentions of the ad. They were also asked questions about their insight of violence toward women. Some of the findings showed males generally held more positive responses for attitude toward the ad (as well as attitude toward the sponsor/ purchase intentions) (Capella, Jill, Rapp, Kees, 2011). In their study they stated in their implications for theory and practice that the predominant concern expressed by feminists and other interested observers is that men may perceive these images as reinforcement for violence against women (Capella, Jill, Rapp, Kees, 2011). This is exactly why advertisements like these shouldnt be allowed. However its not just advertisements, there are plenty of famous singers and artists who dont exactly respect

women in their songs. For example, in the artist Rockos song U.O.E.N.O. featuring Rick Ross and Future, in Rick Ross part he says put molly all in her champagne, she dont even know it. I took her home and I enjoy that, she aint even know it (Rick Ross, 2013). Suggesting that he drugged her with Molly, a form of ecstasy without her knowing, and then brought her home and had sex with her without permission, in other words, raped her. Rick Ross is a very popular artist and this ties into how men with power have to speak up against gender violence, not condone it. In conclusion, men contribute to society viewing rape as a primarily womens issue because they arent listening. Men dont feel they are the problem and because that fail to pay attention when gender issues are discussed. More men need to be educated and willing to speak up about this issue especially men with high power. Women play a part because they are often the victims and the ones being discriminated against in the media. They can make a difference by reporting these crimes more often. Too many assaults have gone unreported and more men need to learn their lesson by being put behind bars. Lastly media contributes because they have a heavy influence in todays society and broadcast people saying sexist things, artists singing lyrics suggesting raping women, and post advertisements sexualizing violence. They can make a difference by agreeing to discontinue these things to be posted, viewed and heard. Gender violence is an issue that needs to be stopped not only because it is illegal, but because it is wrong and unacceptable.

Works Cited

Duke Student Affairs. Duke University, n.d. Web. 2 Apr. 2014.

Katz, Jackson. Violence against Women- It's a Men's Issue. Ted.com. N.p., Nov. 2012. Web. 22 Mar. 2014.

Kimmel, Michael S. Guyland: The Perilous World Where Boys Become Men. New York: Harper, 2008. Print.

Michael, L C, Paul H. Ronald, M R. Justine, and Kees Jeremy. "The Impact of Violence against Women in Advertisements." Journal of Advertising. 39.4 (2011): 37-52. Print.

Miss Representation. Dir. Jennifer Siebel Newsom. 2011. Film.

RAINN. RAINN, 2008. Web. 22 Mar. 2014.

Rocko, Future, and Rick Ross. U.O.E.N.O. Rocko. Childish Major, 2013. MP3.

ORIGINAL Hannah Williamson Round Table Essay Final Draft Douglas English 1102 Media and Gender Violence Issues Gender violence is an ongoing issue in the United States of America. Gender violence for example is rape, assault, harassment, stalking, prostitution, and sex trafficking (Duke Student Affairs). Statistics show every 2 minutes an American is sexually assaulted (RAINN). The problem with gender violence, Jackson Katz feels, is that we mainly focus on it as a womens issue (Katz, 2012). For this reason, women are taught from a young age to do things to avoid being sexually assaulted. They are taught to be careful what they wear, not to drink too much at parties, and to not think for a second that its okay to leave their drink unattended. They are given opportunities to take self-defense courses designed for women when they feel endangered by a man. However, women are still getting raped. This then goes into the concern of victim blaming. Victim blaming is when a person experiences some type of trauma such as rape, people often first blame the victim by saying things like she shouldnt have drank so much or, she was asking for it by wearing that dress. There is no reason that a victim of such horror should have to receive further pain by being blamed for what

happened to them. Men are raping women and abusing women which is why this is a mens issue too. Who contributes to society viewing gender violence as primarily a womens issue and how can they change? There are a few groups of people that play important roles in this matter. First being men. Since men are often the perpetrators there is obviously something wrong. The other group would be women. Women are often the victims to gender violence. Lastly, the media plays an important role because of the huge effect it has on society. A lot of men dont feel they should get involved in the issue of gender violence because they feel they would never rape a girl or never hit a girl. However, some boys dont even understand the definition of rape. In Guyland: The Perilous World Where Boys Become Men by Michael Kimmel, Kimmel quotes a man in his class. Like, well look, I know this isnt PC and all, but a couple of times Ive pushed girls heads down on me, and like one time this girl was so drunk she was near passed out, and I kind of dragged her into my room and had sex with her. When she sort of came to a little bit, she was really upset and started crying and asked why I had done that. I think I said something like, because you were so pretty or some bullshit, but really it was bec ause, well, because I was drunk and wanted to get laid. And she was, like, there. (Kimmel, 2008).That man clearly did not understand what rape is if he was willing to say that. This is why gender violence needs to be talked about, and more importantly, heard. In a TED speech by Jackson Katz he says Men can say things women cant. Better yet, men can be heard saying things women cant often be heard saying (Katz, 2012). Katz addresses that comment may be sexist, however it is true. This is because when women try to speak up they are called things like male bashers, and man haters.

However if a man started speaking up about these types of problems, more people might listen. Kats feels a huge difference would be made if men stopped allowing other men to say sexist comments. Isnt your silence a form of consent? (Katz, 2012). Unfortunately it isnt that easy. It is hard for men to challenge other men when it comes to this. This is where men with power, and leadership come into play. We need adult men leaders, and adult men with power to start talking about this issue so that the issue can be heard. Women in general still have been discriminated against, especially in the media. When Sarah Palin was running for Vice President, people often just talked about how she looked (Miss Representation, 2011).They focused more on her appearance than anything else. As much as the women are victims in this issue, and so many women speak up about this issue despite the terrible names they are called, there is still more they could be doing. An average of 60% of assaults in the last five years were not reported. Those rapists, of course, will never spend a day in prison. But even when the crime is reported, it is unlike to lead to an arrest and prosecution. Factoring in unreported rapes, only about 3% of rapists will ever serve a day in prison (RAINN). Reporting assault is not an easy task, especially when done by someone cared about, and because not everybody always believes that the victim that they were actually assaulted. However, a lot could improve from more victims reporting this happening and pressing charges and nothing will change if people continue not to. If more perpetrators are sentenced to jail time than maybe people will start seeing it for the big problem it is. Too many men get away with assault and this needs to change. Women can make a difference by reporting these awful crimes.

Media is a huge part of todays society. Its estimated that there is somewhere north of 1 billion people that use the internet every single day (Miss Representation, 2011).That is why media has become such a heavy influence. Media also has a tendency to sexualize violence in advertisements. For example, one Dolce and Gabbana advertisement shows four men and one woman. The woman is pinned on the floor by one shirtless man, while the rest of the men are standing around them. A study was done by Michael L. Capella, Ronald Paul Hill, Justine M. Rapp, and Jeremy Kees on The Impact of Violence against Women in Advertisements. The study involved three ads showing sexualized violence against women. These advertisements, including the Dolce and Gabbana ad, were shown to a variety of consumers. They were then asked to respond to questions on how they felt about the ad, and the advertiser and the intentions of the ad. They were also asked questions about their insight of violence toward women. Some of the findings showed males generally held more positive responses for attitude toward the ad (as well as attitude toward the sponsor/ purchase intentions) (Capella, Jill, Rapp, Kees, 2011). In their study they stated in their implications for theory and practice that the predominant concern expressed by feminists and other interested observers is that men may perceive these images as reinforcement for violence against women (Capella, Jill, Rapp, Kees, 2011). This is exactly why advertisements like these shouldnt be allowed. However its not just advertisements, there are plenty of famous singers and artists who dont exactly respect women in their songs. For example, in the artist Rockos song U.O.E.N.O. featuring Rick Ross and Future, in Rick Ross part he says put molly all in her champagne, she dont even know it. I took her home and I enjoy that, she aint even know it (Rick Ross,

2013). Suggesting that he drugged her with Molly, a form of ecstasy without her knowing, and then brought her home and had sex with her without permission, in other words, raped her. Rick Ross is a very popular artist and this ties into how men with power have to speak up against gender violence, not condone it. In conclusion, men contribute to society viewing rape as a primarily womens issue because they arent listening. Men dont feel they are the problem and because of that fail to pay attention when gender issues are discussed. More men need to be educated and willing to speak up about this issue especially men with high power. Women play a part because they are often the victims and the ones being discriminated against in the media. They can make a difference by reporting these crimes more often. Too many assaults have gone unreported and more men need to learn their lesson by being put behind bars. Lastly media contributes because they have a heavy influence in todays society and broadcast people saying sexist things, artists singing lyrics suggesting raping women, and post advertisements sexualizing violence. They can make a difference by agreeing to discontinue these things to be posted, viewed and heard. Gender violence is an issue that needs to be stopped not only because it is illegal, but because it is wrong and unacceptable.

Works Cited

Katz, Jackson. Violence against Women- It's a Men's Issue. Ted.com. N.p., Nov. 2012. Web. 22 Mar. 2014. http://www.ted.com/talks/jackson_katz_violence_against_women_it_s_a_men_s_issue

Miss Representation. Dir. Jennifer Siebel Newsom. 2011. Film.

RAINN. RAINN, 2008. Web. 22 Mar. 2014. https://www.rainn.org

Michael, L C, Paul H. Ronald, M R. Justine, and Kees Jeremy. "The Impact of Violence against Women in Advertisements." Journal of Advertising. 39.4 (2011): 37-52. Print.

Rocko, Future, and Rick Ross. U.O.E.N.O. Rocko. Childish Major, 2013. MP3.

Duke Student Affairs. Duke University, n.d. Web. 2 Apr. 2014. http://studentaffairs.duke.edu/wc/gender-violence

Kimmel, Michael S. Guyland: The Perilous World Where Boys Become Men. New York: Harper, 2008. Print.