GEOGRAPHY 1st ESO

TRUE / FALSE
1. Water covers 61% of the Earths surface
2. The water found in oceans and seas is salt water.
3. The water found in rivers and lakes is called fresh water.
4. Fresh water represents more than 97% of the total water on Earth whereas salt water represents less than
3%.
5. Water is always changing its physical state.
6. The water that infiltrates into the ground is called ground water.
7. When water vapour rises, cools and condensates it forms springs.
8. The place where a river starts is called basin.
9. Smaller rivers flowing into a larger river are called tributaries.
10. The flow of a river refers to the amount of water it carries.
11. River can only start from groundwater, glaciers and lakes.
12. The Amazon River has the largest flow.
13. If rivers are created from melting snow, the flow is larger in winter.
14. If rivers are created from rainfall, the flow is larger in the rainy seasons.
15. Some rivers are dry most of the times because they only have water when it rains.
WATER CYCLE. Complete the sentences to explain the water cycle and then put them in the correct
order:
Water vapour evaporates clouds rain sea ground condensates snow river hail wind
condensed infiltrates
1. ........................................................... moves the clouds
2. .......................................... water goes into the sea.
3. ........................................... from the sea .......................................................
4. Some water ........................................................... into the ground.
5. ........................................... water goes into the ...................................... and other rivers.
6. Water ...................................... rises, cools and .................................................
forming .................................................
7. .................................................... vapour falls as pricipitations: (1) ..............................,
(2) .................................................... and (3) ...............................................

MATCH
(1) Salt water

(a) represents less than 3% of all the water in the planet

(2) fresh water

(b) goes into the sea and other rivers

(3) ground water

(c) falls in precipitations

(4) river water

(d) is found in oceans and seas

(5) flow

(e) permanent currents of water

(6) condensed vapour

(f) is found in rivers, lakes, glaciers, groundwater and at the poles

(7) rivers

(g) the amount of water a river carries

(8) tributaries

(h) represents more than 97% of the total water on Earth

(9) basin

(i) are smaller rivers flowing into a larger river

(10) water vapour

(j) is the place where a river starts

(11) source

(k) area occupied by a river and its tributaries

(12) reservois

(l) water that infiltrates into the ground from rainfall, melting snow...

(13) canals

(m) rises, cools and condensates forming clouds.

(n) are used to transport river water
() place where electricity is produced.
(o) are artificial lakes to store water

ANSWER
1. Where can we find salt water? And fresh water?
2. How can rivers start?
3. Why are rivers so important to human beings?

4. Explain how the flow of a river can vary according to the seasons.
UNIT 4

TRUE OR FALSE
1. Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere in a place at a specific time, whereas climate refers to the state
of the atmosphere in a place over a long period of time.
2. Our planet is divided into three climate zones according to temperature.
3. Temperature refers to the quantity of heat in the atmosphere.
4. In the hot climate zone, the Suns rays reach the Earth at an oblique angle all year round, so temperatures are
always high.
5. In temperate zones, temperatures are mild and vary with the seasons.
6. In cold climate zones, between the tropics and the polar circles, the temperatures are always cold.
7. Temperatures are lower near the equator and increase progressively as we move towards the poles.
8. Temperatures are usually higher in lower aread and decrease with altitude.
9. Temperatures decrease by an average of 6.4 C for every hundred metres.
10. Temperatures dont change with the distance from the sea.
11. The sea makes coastal climates colder.
12. Inland climates are much hotter in summer and much colder in winter.
13. When droplets are small they remain suspended in the atmosphere but when their size and weight increase
they fall to the Earths surface.
14. It rains less in the areas near the equator than in the temperate zones and polar regions.
15. The temperature is higher near the Equator so there is more evaporation.
16. It rains more in high areas than in low areas
17. It rains less on the coast than inland.
18. Convenctional rainfall is characteristic of cold climates
19. Orografic or relief rainfall is characteristic of montainous regions.
20. Frontal rainfall takes places at the boundary between two masses of cold air.
21. Atmospheric pressure varies with altitude because in low-lying area, pressure is higher because there is more
air above it
22. Pressure also changes with air temperature because hot air weighs more than cold air.
23. Areas of high pressure are called depressions
24. Areas of low pressures are called anticyclones.
25. Anticyclones produce dry, stable weather and clear skies
26. Depressions prudce unstable weather , rain and storms.
27. Fronts characteristics of hot zones.
28. Air moves from high pressure areas to low pressure areas.
29. Trade winds always blow in the same direction, from the tropics towards the equator.
30. In summer, monsoons blow from the continent towards the Indian Ocean and bring abundant rain. In winter
monsoons blow from the sea towards the continent bringing dry, stable weather.
31. Sea breezes blow from the sea towards the land by day and at night, they blow from the land towards the sea.

MATCH THE WORDS WITH THE DEFINITIONS:

(1) Weather

(a) place where temperatures, rainfall, air pressure and winds are measured and
analyzed to study weather and climate.

(2) Climate

(b) Zones where the Suns rays reach the Earth at a perpendicular angle all year
round, so temperatures ar always high.

(3) Meteosat satellite

(c) type of rainfall characteristic of hot climates.

(4) Temperature

(d) distance between a place on Earth and the equator.

(5) Thermometer

(e) type of rainfall that takes place at the boundary, or front, between a mass of
warm air and a mass of cold air.

(6) Hot climate zones

(f) refers to the state of the atmosphere in a place at a specific

(7) Temperate zones

(g) the force exerted at a specific point on the Earths surface by the weight of the
air above it.

(8) Cold climate zones

(h) type of rainfall characteristic of mountainous regions.

(9) Weather station

(i) it provides the images which are used on television weather forecasts

(10) Latitude

(j) Zone where the Suns rays reach the Earth at an oblique angle all year round, so
temperatures are cold.

(11) Depressions

(k) refers to the state of the atmosphere in a place over a long period

(12) Humidity

(l) areas of high pressure

(13) Conventional rain

(m) areas of low pressure

(14) Frontal rain

(n) it is the amount of water vapour in the air.

(15) Orographic or relief

(o) refers to the quantity of heat in the atmosphere.

(16) Atmospheric pressure

(p) Zones where the Suns rays reach the Earth at a greater angle than in the hot
zone, so temperatures are mild and vary with the seasons.

(17) Anticyclones

(q) it is used to measure temperature

(18) Fronts

(r) they are the boundaries between different air masses.

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:

Perpendicular

high

hot

seasons

rays

Tropic

There is a ..................... climate zone between the ............................................ of Cancer and the Tropic of
Capricorn. The Suns ...................................... reach the Earth at a .................................................... angle all year
round, so temperatures are always ................................ There is very little difference between the ........................
Mild

hot

polar

temperate

angle

There are two ........................................... zones between the tropics and the ............................. circles. The Suns
rays reach the Earth at a greater ........................................ than in the ................................. zone, so temperatures
are ........................................... and vary with the seasons.

Circles

oblique

cold

There are two ........................................ climate zones within the polar ........................................ The Suns rays
reach the Earth at an ........................................... angle all year round, so temperatures are always cold.
Equator

altitude

inland

latitude

decrease

temperate

colder

poles

coastal

thousand

Temperatures change with .................................. Temperatures are higher near the ................................. They
decrease progressively as we move towards the ............................................
Temperatures change with ........................................... Temperatures are usually higher in lower areas
and ......................................... with altitude. They decrease by an average of 6.4C for every ............................
metres.
Temperature changes with distance from the sea. The sea makes .................................. climates
more ...................................... Consequently, .......................................... climates are much hotter in summer and
much ....................................... in winter.
Surface

clouds

evaporation

humidity

increases

hail

water vapour

condenses

......................................... is the amount of ....................................... in the air. This is produced by

the .......................................... of water from oceans, lakes, rivers, wetlands and plants. When water vapour in the
air cools, it ........................................ In other words, it becomes liquid and forms little drops. These droplets
form .......................................... When the droplets are small, they remain suspended in the atmosphere. But they
often become colder and their size and weight .................................. When they become too heavy to remain
suspended in the air, they fall to the Earths ......................................... We call this .................................., which
may be rain, snow or ...............................................
Altitude

humidity

equator

low

evaporation

higher

inland

Different areas of the Earths surface receive different amounts of precipitation. It rains more in the areas near
the ................................................ than in the temperate zones and polar regions. The temperature is ...................
near the Equator so there is more ................................................ It also rains more in high areas than
in

...................................areas

according

to

.....................................

It

rains

more

on

the

coast

than ................................. beacuse seas are a source of ................................................

Cold air

low-lying

weight

depressions

hot air

anticyclones

Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted at a specific point on the Earths surface by the ..................................
of the air above it. When the airs weight is greater, the pressure is greater, too. Atmospheric pressure varies with
altitude because in a ............................................. area, pressure is higher because there is more air above it.
Pressure also changes with air temperature because .............................. weighs less than ....................................

Areas

of

high

pressure

are

called

.......................................

Areas

of

low

pressures

are

called ................................................
MATCH:
(1) Conventional Rain

(a) Hot, humid air from the sea reaches a montain. The air rises and cools.
Clouds form, and it rains on the windward side of the mountain, the side
which receives the ocean air. It does not rain on the other side.

(2) Orographic or relief

(b) The Sun heat the ground and water evaporates. As water vapour rises, it
cools. When water vapour cools, it condenses and forms droplets. These
droplets form clouds, and fall to the Earth as rain.

(3) Frontal Rain

(c) A mass of hot, humid air meets a mass of cold air. The mass of hot air
weighs less and rises above the mass of cold air. When it rises, it cools.
Clouds form and it rains.

(1) Prevailing winds

(a) Change direction seasonally such as monsoons.

(2) Periodic winds

(b) blow in the same direction such as trade winds.

(3) Synoptic winds

(c) are influenced by the surrounding geograpy.

(4) Local winds

(c) change direction daily such as sea breezes

DEFINE:
Weather: ....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
Climate: .....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
Temperature ..............................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
Humidity ...................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
Atmospheric pressure ................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
Depression .................................................................................................................................................................
Anticyclone ...............................................................................................................................................................
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:
1. Name and order the worlds climate zones from the North Pole to the South Pole.
2. Explain the influence of the angle of the Suns rays on the Earths climates.
3. What factors affect temperature?
4. What factors affect precipitation?
5. What types of rainfall are there?
6. How pressure influences on the weather?

7. What is an area of high pressure called? What is an area of low pressure called?
8. How is a low pressure area created? How is a high pressure area created?