Name : Andi Alfina Ulandari Nim : 121 444 1 1 015

Kelas : Biology ICP A

Vocabulary of Invertebfates Zoology

1. Abdomen n. [L. abdomen, belly] 1. (ARTHRO) The posterior of the three main body divisions of insects; not homologous with chelicerate opisthosoma. 2. (ARTHRO: Crustacea) The trunk somites (with or without limbs) between the thorax and telson; the pleon. 2. Abdominal somite (ARTHRO: Crustacea) Any single division of the body between the thorax and telson; a pleomere; a pleonite. 3. Acanthosoma n. [Gr. akantha, thorn, spine; soma, body] (ARTHRO: Crustacea) In Decapoda, the last larval stage preceding the postlarva; zoea; mysis; schizopod larvae. 4. Annulus n.; pl. -li -luses [L. annulus, ring] 1. Any ring-like circling of a joint, segment, spot or mark. 2. (BRYO: Phylactolaemata) The outer epidermal layer of a statoblast that encircles the protective capsule. 3. (NEMATA) The interstice area between the transverse striae of the body cuticle. 5. Accessory glands (ARTHRO: Insecta) 1. A pair of glands opening primarily on the venter or the eighth or ninth abdominal segment of females that secrete an adhesive substance or material forming a cover or case (ootheca) for the eggs. 2. In males, secretion glands opening into the ejaculatory duct. 6. Acid gland, poison gland 1. Any of numerous glands secreting acid in many invertebrates. 2. (ARTHRO: Chelicerata) In Araneae, the poison gland. 3. (ARTHRO: Diplopoda) The HCNsecreting glands. 4. (ARTHRO: Insecta) Gland of stinging Hymenoptera. 5. (MOLL: Gastropoda) The salivary gland. 7. Acoelomata n. [Gr. a, without; koilos, hollow] A coined term denoting those lower phyla of zoological classification that lack a body cavity or coelom as Cnidaria (=Coelenterata), Nemertea, Platyhelminthes, Porifera, or Ctenophora. 8. Ambulacral groove (ECHINOD: Asteroidea) A groove or furrow bordered by large spines extending along the oral surface of each arm of sea stars, that contain two to four rows of small tubular projections called feet or podia.

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Amoebocyte n. [Gr. amoibe, change; kytos, container] 1. Certain body cells or tissues capable of independent amoeba-like movement. 2. (PORIF) Any mesohyl cell where no special activity is evident

10. Back reef The reef area landward of the reef crest. 11. Barrier reef An elongated reef parallel to the coastline and separated from it by a lagoon or channel of variable extent. 12. Biflagellate a. [L. bis, two; flagellum, whip] Having two flagella; dikont 13. Bilateral symmetry Symmetry such that a body or part can be divided through the longitudinal axis by one mediosagittal plane into equivalent right and left halves, each for all practical purposes a mirror image of the other. 14. Bivalvia, bivalves n., n.pl. [L. bis, two; valvae, a folding door] A class of marine, estuarine or freshwater bivalve mollusks, in which the body is enclosed within two calcareous valves, or shells; other names for this class are Acephala, Conchifera, Pelecypoda, Conchophora, Dithra, Lamellibranchia, Lamellibranchiata, Elatobranchiata, Cormopoda, Tropipoda, Aglossa, Elatocephala, Anodontoda and Lipocephala. 15. Bisexual a. [L. bis, two; sexus, sex] 1. Of or pertaining to both sexes. 2. A population composed of functional males and females. 3. An individual possessing functional male and female reproductive organs; hermaphrodite. 16. Brooding In corals, retention of developing larvae within the parent polyp until an advanced stage. 17. Brindley's gland (ARTHRO: Insecta) In certain adult Heteroptera, simple sac-like structures of the scent gland system, occurring in the hemocoele below the first visible abdominal tergite, towards the lateral margin. 18. Calcareous Containing a significant amount of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). 19. Canalaria a. [L. canalis, channel] (PORIF) Referring to spicules in the lining of canals. 20. Captaculum n.; pl. -ula [L. captare, to snatch at, catch] (MOLL: Scaphopoda) One of numerous slender retractile tentacles with sucker-like tips, arising from the dorsal surface of the head; used in gathering foraminifera and very small mollusks. 21. Carapace n. [Sp. carapacho, covering] 1. Any fused series of sclerites covering a portion of the body. 2. (ARTHRO: Chelicerata) a. In Acari, the more or less fused dorsal sclerites of the cephalothorax covering the idiosoma of mites and ticks. b. In Arachnida, the upper covering of the cephalothorax. 3. (ARTHRO: Crustacea) a. A cuticular, usually calcified,

structure formed by the posterior and lateral extension of the dorsal sclerites of the head of many decapods and other crustaceans, often covering head and thorax. b. In bivalves, a fold of integument extending from the maxillary segment forming the shell. c. In some Cirripedia, the mantle usually with calcified plates. 4. (ROTIF) The rigid cuticle of many rotifers. 22. Cilia n. pl.; sing. cilium [L. cilium, eyelid] Vibratile hair-like processes on the surface of a cell or organ, shorter and more numerous than flagella. ciliary a.Cnidarian Any of the members of the Phylum Cnidaria possessing nematocysts or stinging apparatus and exhibiting diploblasticity. 23. Columella The skeletal structure developed in the bottom-center of the corallite by the inner elements of the septa; often forms a spike or series of spines. 24. Corallite The skeleton of an individual coral polyp. 25. Corallum The skeleton of a coral colony or solitary coral. 26. Carpus n.; pl. carpi [L. carpus, Gr. wrist] 1. The wrist. 2. (ARTHRO: Crustacea) The antepenultimate segment of the thoracopod or pereopod; the carpopod(ite). 3. (ARTHRO: Insecta) The area of the wing at which they transversely fold; the pterostigma of Odonata; the radius and cubitus extremity of the fore wing. 4. (MOLL: Cephalopoda) The tentacle. 27. Demospongiae n. [Gr. demos, multitude; spongos, sponge] A class of sponges composed of spongin fibers alone or together with siliceous spicules that are differentiated into megascleres (larger size) or microscleres (smaller size) of diverse shapes. 28. Dioecious a. [Gr. dis, twice; oikos, house] Separate sexes; males and females being different individuals; gonochoristic; unisexual; opposed to monoecious. diploblastic a. [Gr. diploos, twofold; blastos, bud] Having two embryonic germ layers, ectoderm and endoderm. D 29. Dorsal a. [L. dorsum, back] 1. Pertaining to the upper surface or back of the body. 2. (ARTHRO: Crustacea) In Ostracods in normal position, the upper part comprising the area that contains hinge, eyes, antennules, antennae and stomach. 3. (BRACHIO) From the pedicle valve toward the brachial valve. 4.(MOLL) a. In Bivalvia, the back edge in the region of the hinge. b. In Gastropoda, the back remote from the aperture; 5.the conical top surface of a limpet.

30. Dinoflagellate Single-celled algae having a flagellum during at least one stage of development. 31. Dorsoventral a. [L. dorsum, back; venter, belly] In the axis or direction from the dorsal toward the ventral sufaces; bifacial; dorsiventral. 32. Diploblastic Having two embryonic tissue layers: ectoderm and endoderm. 33. Duodecathecal a. [L. duodecim, twelve; Gr. theke, case] (ANN: Polychaeta) Pertaining to having 12 spermathecae, usually in 6 pairs. 34. Epidermis Surface (outer tissue) layer of a coral polyp derived from the embryonic ectoderm. 35. Eccentric a. [Gr. ek, out of; kentron, center] 1. Deviation from the regular. 2. (MOLL) Having an operculum with growth on one side of the nucleus only, and to one side of the center. 36. Ecdysial tube (ARTHRO: Insecta) In some Diptera and Coleoptera, a simple cuticular tube formed around the old spiracle and through which the old spiracle and trachea are pulled during molting 37. Ecdysis n., pl. -ses [Gr. ekdysis, getting out of] Molting, the process of shedding cuticle or exoskeleton. 38. Echinate a. [Gr. echinos, spiny] Set with prickles; spinous; having some or all of the surface of the body covered with spines. 39. Echinodermata, echinoderms n.; n.pl. [Gr. echinos, spiny; derma, skin] Phylum of marine coelomate animals with basic pentaradiate symmetry in the adult, with a calcareous endoskeleton and a water vascular system. enamel n. [OF. esmaillier, to coat with enamel] (MOLL: Gastropoda) The glossy substance which forms the inductura of the shell. 40. Entomostraca, entomostracan n. [Gr. entomon, insect; ostrakon, shell] Formerly considered a single natural group ofCrustacea including Brachiopoda, Ostracoda, Copepoda, Branchiura and Cirripeda which is no longer acceptable to systematists. 41. Ephyra n.; pl. ephyre, ephyrae, ephyrula [Gr. Ephyra, name of a sea nymph] (CNID: Scyphozoa) A small free-swimming medusa arising by asexual division (transverse fission) of a strobila; a monodisk. 42. Eyespots n.pl. [A.S. eage, eye; ME. spotte, spotted] Pigmented areas in many invertebrates to which are attributed various functions: a simple eye or visual organ

(ocellus); intimidation of predators; to deflect attention to the least vulnerable parts of the body; a sensory organ. 43. Facet n. [F. facette, small face] 1. A small surface. 2. (ARTHRO: Insecta) The external surface or part of a compound eye unit or ommatidium. 44. Fertilization n. [L. fertilis, fruitful] Fusion of two gametes, especially of their nuclei, to produce a zygote. 45. Filaria n. [L. filum, thread] (NEMATA: Secernentea) Microfilaria (Spirurida), motile embryo found in the subcutaneous tissue, blood or lymph systems of many animals and man. 46. Filiform a. [L. filum, thread] 1. Hairlike or threadlike. 2. (CNID) Used to describe threadlike tentacles tapering to a point. 47. Flagellate a. [L. flagellum, whip] 1. Having flagella or whip-like structures. 2. Having a lash-like appendage as the terminal part of an antenna. 48. Gastrodermis The inner tissue layer of a coral polyp derived from the embryonic endoderm. 49. Gastropoda, gastropods n.; n.pl. [Gr. gaster, stomach; pous, foot] A class of asymmetrical univalve mollusks with stomach situated in the region of the foot, shell in one piece, often spirally coiled, that live in the sea, fresh water, and 50. Gribble n. (ARTHRO: Chelicerata) A small wood-boring isopod of the Limnoriidae. 51. Hermaphrodite n. [Gr. hermaphroditos, combining both sexes] An individual bearing recognizable male and female tissues and producing male and female gametes at some period of the life cycle; monoecious; androgynous; ambisexual; ambosexous; protandry. 52. Hematodocha, haematodocha n. [Gr. haima, blood; doche, receptacle] (ARTHRO: Chelicerata) A fibro-elastic sac at the base of the palpus of certain male spiders that fills with hemolymph and becomes distended during pairing. 53. Heteroblastic a. [Gr. heteros, different; blastos, bud] Similar organs arising from different germ layers in different species. 54. Hexapod a. [Gr. hex, six; pous, foot] 1. Having 3 pairs of legs. 2. (ARTHRO: Chelicerata) In larval mites, having or using 3 pairs of legs. Hexapody. 55. Hind-gut n. [A.S. hindan; gut] The posterior ectodermal portion of the alimentary tract (canal) between the mid-gut and the anus.

56. Imago n. [L. imago, image] (ARTHRO: Insecta) 1. The adult or reproductive stage. 2. In termites, applied only to the adult primary reproductives. 57. Insecta, insects n.; n.pl. [L. insectum, cut into] A class of Arthropoda generally having a tracheate respiratory system, a single pair of antennae, and the body somites grouped into three functional tagmata: the head, thorax (bearing three pairs of legs) and abdomen. 58. Interambulacral areas (ECHINOD: Echinoidea) The radially arranged arms (typically 5) that do not bear tube feet or podia. 59. Invertebrate n. [L. in, not; vertebrata, with backbones] Any animal without a backbone or vertebral column. 60. Juvenile hormone (ARTHRO: Insecta) A hormone of larvae produced by the corpora allata that controls the way the larval cells differentiate at each molt. 61. Keratin n. [Gr. keras, horn] A sulfur-containing nitrogenous compound found in animal tissues such as horn, hair and nails. lamella n.; pl. -ae [L. lamella, small plate] 1. A thin plate or leaflike structure. 2. (ARTHRO: Chelicerata) A triangular plate on the promargin of the cheliceral fang furrow in some spiders. 3. (MOLL: Gastropoda) Flared axial projection of the outer lip of the shell. 62. Larva n.; pl. -ae [L. larva, mask] The preadult stage in some invertebrates after hatching from the egg, lacking adult features, usually active and feeding. Larval. 63. Leuconoid grade or type (PORIF) A grade of construction of sponges in which the choanocyte chambers are small, and distributed through the interior tissues 64. Longitudinal section Section along or parallel to the longitudinal axis. 65. Mandible n. [L. mandibula, jaw] 1. A jaw. 2. (ANN: Polychaeta)The ventral chitinous plates or rods, maybe dentate, against which the maxilla work. 3. (ARTHRO: Crustacea) One of the third pair of cephalic appendages. 4. (ARTHRO: Diplopoda) The first pair of jaws, consisting of cardo, stipes and gnathal lobe. 5. (ARTHRO: Insecta) One of the variously modified anterior pair of paired mouthpart structures. 6. (BRYO) A modified orificial wall of the avicularium 66. Mesentery A vertical partition of tissue attached to the inner portion of the oral disc and the column wall of the polyp, partially attached to the action pharynx, providing structural support to the polyp between the septa.

67. Mesoglea Jelly-like layer that separates the ectodermic and the endodermic tissues of a coral polyp, derived from the ectoderm, and containing varying number of cells (ameobocytes, fibroblasts). 68. Metamerism n. [Gr. meta, after; meros, part] Segmental repetition of homologous body parts; metameres; metasomes. 69. Metamorphosis n.; pl. -ses [Gr. meta, change of; morphe, form] A marked change in form or structure an animal undergoes from one growth stage to another; also applies to the actual process of changing from larval to adult form. 70. Mollusca n.; pl. mollusks, molluscs [L. molluscus, soft] A phylum of invertebrates with a soft unsegmented body and usually covered with a double or single shell, or having an internal shell; includes snails, chitons, tusk shells, bivalves, limpets, squids, octopi, etc. 71. Molt, moult n. [L. mutare, to change] The periodic process of loosening and discarding the cuticle, accompanied by the formation of a new cuticla in the process of growth; may be divided into two distinct processes: apolysis and ecdysis. 72. Neck n. [A.S. hnecca, neck] 1. (ARTHRO: Insecta) The slender connecting structure between head and thorax where the head is free. 2. (MOLL) Distal part of the base of a siphonostomatous shell, starting where outline of left side changes from convex to concave. 4. (PLATY: Cestoda) The unsegmented area between the scolex and strobilae. 3. (NEMATA) The slender, anterior portion of the body containing the esophagus. 73. Nectar n. [Gr. nektar, drink of the gods] A sweet substance secreted by flowers and certain leaves; the food of many insects. 74. Nemata, nematodes n.; n.pl. [Gr. nema, thread] A phylum containing a large, diverse group of free-living, plant and animal parasitic roundworms, covered by cuticle and having well developed nervous, reproductive and digestive systems, but lack true segmentation, a true coelom and jointed appendages; formerly called Nematoda and Nematoidea. 75. Nemathelminthes n. [Gr. nema, thread; helmins, worm] A former name for the phylum that included the phyla Nemata, Nematomorpha and Acanthocephala collectively. 76. Nematocyst Stinging or adhesive organelle used in aggression, defense and food gathering by coral polyps. 77. Nephridium n.; pl. -ia [Gr. dim. nephros, kidney; L. ium, nature of] 1. In various invertebrates, simple or branched, tubular structures that function in excretion, opening

to the outside through a nephridiopore. see protonephridium, metanephridium. 2. (ANN: Oligochaeta) A segment essentially composed of excretory tubules that may discharge directly onto the body surface, or lead to a sinus discharging to the exterior through pores by the setal ring. 3. (ECHI) One to many organs used for the temporary storage of eggs and sperm. 78. Obligate a. [L. obligare, to be required] Pertaining to the inability to live in a different environment. 79. Obligate parasite A parasite that cannot exist without a host 80. during all or some portion of the life cycle. 81. Onychophora, onychophorans n.; n.pl. [Gr. onyx, claw; phorein, to carry] A phylum of terrestrial animals comprised of a single class or order of the same name, frequently referred to as Peripatus ; once considered to be the missing link between annelids and arthropods, but now considered to be the sister group of the arthropod complex of Crustacea, Tracheata, and Chelicerata. 82. Osmoregulation n. [Gr. osmos, pushing; L. regulatus, regulated] Maintaining the osmotic pressure in the body by regulating the amount of water and salts, effected by the removal of salts, excretory products or water by the excretory organs. 83. osmosis n. [Gr. osmos, pushing] Passage of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a solution of lower concentration to one of higher concentration until the solutions are equal in concentration. 84. Oligotrophic Defining a body of water with limiting levels of nutrients. 85. Parasite n. [Gr. para, beside; sitos, food] An organism that disadventage 86. Pedipalp, pedipalpus n.; pl. -pi [L. pes, foot; palpare, to touch] (ARTHRO: Chelicerata) The second pair of cephalothoracic appendages, variously modified as a pincerlike claw, or simple leg-like in different groups. 87. Phagocytosis n. [Gr. phagein, to eat; kytos, container] The ingestion of solid particles by a cell. photoreceptor n. [Gr. phos, light; L. receptor, receiver] A sense organ responsive to light. 88. Pilifer n. [L. pilus, hair; ferre, to carry] (ARTHRO: Insecta) In Lepidoptera, one of a pair of lateral projections on the labrum. 89. Poison seta 1. (ANN: Polychaeta) Elongate pungent chitinous bristles that project from the parapodia, may be hollow and filled with fluid, contain retrorse spinules along the

staff, or be needlelike in appearance. 2. (ARTHRO: Insecta) Hollow seta through which they discharge an irritating secretion from the venom glands. 90. Porifera n. [Gr. poros, channel; L. ferre, to bear] Phylum of aquatic animals commonly called sponges; lacking organized tissues and a digestive cavity. 91. Planula Free-swimming larval stage of the Class Anthozoa, including scleractinian corals. 92. Polyps Individual unit of a colony that interconnects. 93. Radula n.; pl. radulae [L. radula, scrape] 1. (ARTHRO: Insecta) The raster. 2. (MOLL) A uniquely molluscan feeding rasplike organ, odontophore or lingual ribbon, armed with chitinous denticles, found in nearly all mollusks, except clams 94. Septum Dividing the calcium carbonate wall of a corallite. 95. Sexual reproduction Reproduction by gametogenesis (development of gonads to produce eggs and sperm) and fertilization wherein a zygote is formed. The resulting individuals represent unique genotypes. 96. Silk n. [Gr. serikos, silk] 1. A secretion that hardens so rapidly on extrusion that it may be produced as a long continuous thread. 2. (ARTHRO: Chelicerata) Secreted by specialized salivary glands in Acari; anterior of the abdomen in Araneae; the galea of Pseudoscorpionida. 3. (ARTHRO: Insecta) Secreted from dermal openings on the abdomen in some Coleoptera; foretarsi in Embioptera and some empidid Diptera; malpighian tubes discharging at the anus in Neuroptera, some Coleoptera and Hymenoptera; mouth cavity (usually modified salivary glands) in Psocoptera, Siphonaptera, some Diptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. 97. spicule n. [L. spicula, small spike] 1. Any minute pointed spine or process. 2. (MOLL:
Polyplacorphora) The dorsal girdle decorations of various size, shape and frequency. 3. (NEMATA) Blade-like, sclerotized male copulatory organs, usually paired, located immediately dorsad to the cloaca. 4. (PORIF) An element of the sponge skeleton, composed mainly of silica or calcium carbonate, and rarely spongin.

98. Tentacle Tubular extension of the polyp tissues originating in the area outside of the mouth; may be simple (single terminal end) or compound (multiple terminal ends). 99. Thicket A dense growth of branching corals, where individual colonies are not readily distinguishable. 100.Triploblastic Having three embryonic tissue layers: endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.