Over-interpretation and over-generalization are especially common ethical problems.

Small increases or decreases in incidence or prevalence of health conditions occur all too commonly and can be manipulated for specific purposes.

Error
(page 1)

The report used the wrong denominator in several of the tables and did not use actual total population in Oakland County.

Fact

The total population of Oakland County, according to the 2010 Census is 1,202,362. It is a statistical standard to use non-estimated Census data.
Metropolitan Detroit Poverty
Geographic Regions Detroit Suburban Areas Wayne County (excluding Detroit) Oakland County Macomb County Suburban Total Number in Poverty Total Population 270,900 157,423 118,896 98,623 374,942 713,777 1,106,807 1,202,362 840,987 3,150,156 Rate per 100,000 population* 37,953 14,223 9,889 11,727 11,902

*Data calculated using 2012 ACS 5-year estimates and 2010 Census for total county population

PEPANNRES

Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012 2012 Population Estimates

Geography Oakland County, Michigan

April 1, 2010 Census Estimates Base 1,202,362 1,202,362

Population Estimate (as of July 1) 2010 2011 2012 1,203,036 1,211,357 1,220,657

Note: The estimates are based on the 2010 Census and reflect changes to the April 1, 2010 population due to the Count Question Resolution program

S1701

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Data and Documentation section. Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section. Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of housing units for states and counties.

Subject Total Population for whom poverty status is determined AGE Under 18 years Related children under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over SEX Male Female RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN One race White Black or African American American Indian and Alaska Native Asian Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Some other race Two or more races Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) White alone, not Hispanic or Latino EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Population 25 years and over Less than high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, associate's degree Bachelor's degree or higher EMPLOYMENT STATUS Civilian labor force 16 years and over Employed Male 1 of 4 Estimate 1,197,049 278,872 277,950 760,303 157,874

Oakland County, Michigan Below poverty level Margin of Error +/-928 +/-465 +/-540 +/-536 +/-370 Estimate 118,896 37,134 36,269 71,012 10,750 Margin of Error +/-3,812 +/-1,817 +/-1,805 +/-2,351 +/-556

Percent below poverty level Estimate 9.9% 13.3% 13.0% 9.3% 6.8%

581,031 616,018

+/-676 +/-575

53,030 65,866

+/-1,837 +/-2,501

9.1% 10.7%

1,169,741 929,597 159,170 3,438 68,938 308 8,290 27,308 41,791 898,579

+/-1,723 +/-1,202 +/-1,356 +/-495 +/-803 +/-140 +/-1,027 +/-1,594 +/-182 +/-690

113,700 78,558 28,788 586 4,294 0 1,474 5,196 10,013 70,702

+/-3,720 +/-3,114 +/-1,922 +/-258 +/-656 +/-24 +/-594 +/-796 +/-1,075 +/-2,969

9.7% 8.5% 18.1% 17.0% 6.2% 0.0% 17.8% 19.0% 24.0% 7.9%

827,712 60,232 171,292 241,092 355,096

+/-513 +/-1,750 +/-2,444 +/-2,736 +/-2,937

66,876 14,476 20,024 20,805 11,571

+/-2,013 +/-938 +/-1,144 +/-1,022 +/-870

8.1% 24.0% 11.7% 8.6% 3.3%

644,841 579,100 301,898

+/-2,623 +/-2,898 +/-1,940

44,302 27,579 12,117

+/-1,832 +/-1,258 +/-853

6.9% 4.8% 4.0% 04/28/2014

Census data found at the American FactFinder, Poverty Status in the last 12 months, 2012 ACS 5 year estimates 4/29/14

Error

Fact
Metropolitan Detroit Poverty
Geographic Regions Detroit Suburban Areas Wayne County (excluding Detroit) Oakland County Macomb County Suburban Total Number in Poverty 270,900 157,423 118,896 98,623 374,942 Total Population 713,777 1,106,807 1,202,362 840,987 3,150,156 Rate per 100,000 population* 37,953 14,223 9,889 11,727 11,902

Metropolitan Detroit Poverty Rate per 100,000 Population*

40000.0 35000.0 30000.0 Rate per 100,000 25000.0 20000.0 15000.0 10000.0 5000.0 0.0 Detroit Wayne County Oakland County (excluding Detroit) Macomb County Suburban Total Detroit Wayne County (excluding Detroit) Oakland County Macomb County Suburban Total

*Data calculated using 2012

Tri-County Metropolitan Area ACS 5-year estimates

and 2010 Census for total county population

Error (page 3)
Provided no narrative explanation, leaving the reader to interpret the data. Did not label the table including no year of data, no column heading Did not separate ethnicity from race (Hispanic/Latino), those measures must be compared separately.

Fact
S1701 POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Data and Documentation section. Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section. Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of housing units for states and counties.

Narrative Column heading, labels Race is separate from Hispanic or Latino origin

Subject Total Population for whom poverty status is determined AGE Under 18 years Related children under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over SEX Male Female RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN One race White Black or African American American Indian and Alaska Native Asian Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Some other race Two or more races Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) White alone, not Hispanic or Latino EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Population 25 years and over Less than high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, associate's degree Bachelor's degree or higher EMPLOYMENT STATUS Civilian labor force 16 years and over Employed Male 1 of 4 Estimate 1,197,049 278,872 277,950 760,303 157,874

Oakland County, Michigan Below poverty level Margin of Error +/-928 +/-465 +/-540 +/-536 +/-370 Estimate 118,896 37,134 36,269 71,012 10,750 Margin of Error +/-3,812 +/-1,817 +/-1,805 +/-2,351 +/-556

Percent below poverty level Estimate 9.9% 13.3% 13.0% 9.3% 6.8%

581,031 616,018

+/-676 +/-575

53,030 65,866

+/-1,837 +/-2,501

9.1% 10.7%

1,169,741 929,597 159,170 3,438 68,938 308 8,290 27,308 41,791 898,579

+/-1,723 +/-1,202 +/-1,356 +/-495 +/-803 +/-140 +/-1,027 +/-1,594 +/-182 +/-690

113,700 78,558 28,788 586 4,294 0 1,474 5,196 10,013 70,702

+/-3,720 +/-3,114 +/-1,922 +/-258 +/-656 +/-24 +/-594 +/-796 +/-1,075 +/-2,969

9.7% 8.5% 18.1% 17.0% 6.2% 0.0% 17.8% 19.0% 24.0% 7.9%

827,712 60,232 171,292 241,092 355,096

+/-513 +/-1,750 +/-2,444 +/-2,736 +/-2,937

66,876 14,476 20,024 20,805 11,571

+/-2,013 +/-938 +/-1,144 +/-1,022 +/-870

8.1% 24.0% 11.7% 8.6% 3.3%

644,841 579,100 301,898

+/-2,623 +/-2,898 +/-1,940

44,302 27,579 12,117

+/-1,832 +/-1,258 +/-853

6.9% 4.8% 4.0% 04/28/2014

Error (page 5)

Compared apples to oranges - compared ACS 1-year 2005 data to ACS 5-year 2012 data.

Fact

Should have compared ACS 1-year 2005 data to ACS 1-year 2012 data (apples to apples).
Growth in Poverty in Oakland County 2005 vs 2012* Pontiac Year
2005 2012 % Change

Oakland Rate per 100,000

20,255 35,811

Total # in Poverty Population

13,437 21,313 76.8% 66,340 59,515 -10.3%

Total Rate per # in Poverty Population 100,000

78,820 126,564 59.1% 1,194,214 1,202,362 0.7% 6,600 10,526

*Data calculated using 2012 and 2005 ACS 1-year estimates. 2010 Census data are used to calculate rates for 2012 and 2000 Census data are used to calculate rates for 2000

Error

Fact
Year
2005 2012 % Change

Growth in Poverty in Oakland County 2005 vs 2012* Pontiac Total # in Poverty Population
13,437 21,313 76.8% 66,340 59,515 -10.3%

Oakland Rate per 100,000

20,255 35,811

Total Rate per # in Poverty Population 100,000

78,820 126,564 59.1% 1,194,214 1,202,362 0.7% 6,600 10,526

*Data calculated using 2012 and 2005 ACS 1-year estimates. 2010 Census data are used to calculate rates for 2012 and 2000 Census data are used to calculate rates for 2000

Growth in Poverty within Oakland County 2005-2012*

40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Pontiac Oakland Rate per 100,000

2005 2012

Error (page 5)

Reported a 77% change in poverty.

Fact

Oaklands change in poverty increased 4 percentage points, meaning 4% more of the population was in poverty in 2012 than in 2005.
2005-2012 Oakland County Percent of Population in Poverty*
12.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 Percent in Poverty 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year 2009 2010 2011 2012

Error (page 6)

The majority of these agencies (including Lighthouse of Oakland County) are headquartered in Pontiac and not in the southern part of the county where there has been the greatest growth in poverty.

Fact

Headquarters does not indicate reach of services. Many key services providing organization have offices and services in the south end of Oakland County and elsewhere in the county. For example:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Oakland County Health Division Catholic Social Services Oakland Family Services Easter Seals Recovery Consultants, Inc. Oakland Livingston Human Service Agency ACCESS FernCare Affirmations South Oakland Shelter (SOS) Workforce Development Common Ground Arab Chaldean Council Covenant Community Health Center (Beaumont FQHC) Youth Assistance Boys & Girls Club 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Judson Center Volunteers of America Spectrum Human Services Community Living Services of Oakland County Catholic Charities Department of Human Services Salvation Army St. Johns Food Pantry Royal Oak Housing Commission Southfield Housing Commission Ferndale Housing Commission Community Housing Network St. John Providence Community Health Clinic Community Home 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. Improvement Minor Home Repairs Youth Assistance Programs Senior Citizen Centers Senior Transportation Services (services disabled also) Senior Meal Programs Senior Chore / Yard Services (serves disabled also) Help Against Violent Encounters Now (HAVEN) Domestic Violence Minor Mobile Home Repair Program Emergency Shelter

38. 39.

S1701

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

S1701

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

2008-2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates website in the Data and Documentation section. S1701 POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

Supporting documentation code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing rates) can be found on the Community Survey Sample size and dataon quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response can be found onAmerican the American Community in the Methodology section. section. websiteSurvey in the website Data and Documentation

2008-2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey Survey website in the Methodology section.

Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and website in the Data and Documentation section. S1701 POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS estimates of housing units for states and counties. Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population Survey website in the Methodology section.

Estimates Program that producesAmerican and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and 2008-2012 Community Survey 5-Year Estimates estimates of housing units for states and counties.

Although the American Community (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, is the Census Bureau's Population Supporting documentation on code Survey lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on it the American Community Survey Oakland County, Michigan Estimates and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and website in Program theSubject Data that and produces Documentation section. Percent below estimates of housing units for states and counties. Total Below poverty level poverty level Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section. Estimate Margin of Error Estimate Margin of Error Estimate Subject Population for whom poverty status is determined 1,197,049 +/-928 United States 118,896 +/-3,812 9.9% Percent below AGE Total Below poverty level Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population poverty level Under 18 years Subject Michigan 278,872 37,134 +/-1,817 13.3% Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the +/-465 population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and Estimate Margin of Error Estimate Margin of Error Estimate estimates of housing units for states and counties. Related children under 18 years Total Below poverty level +/-1,805 Percent below 277,950 +/-540 36,269 13.0% Population for whom poverty status is determined poverty level 301,333,410 +/-13,789 44,852,527 +/-269,119 14.9% 18 to 64 years 760,303 +/-536 71,012 +/-2,351 9.3% Estimate Margin of Error Estimate Margin of Error Estimate AGE 65 years and over 157,874 +/-370 10,750 +/-556 6.8% Population for whom poverty status is determined 9,676,703 +/-1,392 1,582,022 +/-16,158 16.3% Under 18 years 72,869,122 +/-11,166 15,188,844 +/-138,114 20.8% AGE Related children under 18 years 72,535,954 +/-13,551 14,882,336 +/-135,784 20.5% SEX Under 18 years Subject 2,300,573 +/-1,436 United States 524,943 +/-7,557 22.8% 18 to 64Male years 189,105,463 +/-6,393 25,961,446 +/-137,535 13.7% 581,031 +/-676 53,030 +/-1,837 Percent below 9.1% Related children under 18 years Total Below poverty level +/-7,416 2,287,908 +/-1,821 512,949 22.4% Female 65 years and over 616,018 +/-575 65,866 +/-2,501 10.7% poverty level 39,358,825 +/-5,353 3,702,237 +/-14,756 9.4% 18 to 64 years 6,042,805 +/-856 947,665 +/-9,391 15.7% Estimate Margin of Error Estimate Margin of Error Estimate 65 years and over 1,333,325 +/-731 109,414 +/-1,906 8.2% Population for whom poverty status is determined RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN 301,333,410 +/-13,789 44,852,527 +/-269,119 14.9% SEX

2005 - 2012 Oakland County, 2005-2012 Oakland County Percent of Population in Poverty
Percent of Population in Poverty
12.0 Percent in Poverty 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2005 2006
2005 6.6%

2007
2006 6.7%

2008
2007 8.6% 2008 8.5%

2009
2009 9.7% 2010 10.2%

2010
2011 11.1% 2012 10.5%

2011

2012

Year
Year Oakland County
Data from American Community Survey, 1 year estimates

Oakland County Unemployment / Jobless Rate

100,000 90,000 80,000 12% 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 4% 20,000 10,000 0 Sep-05 Sep-06 Sep-07 Sep-08 Sep-09 Sep-10 Sep-11 Sep-12 Sep-13 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-13 May-05 May-06 May-07 May-08 May-09 May-10 May-11 May-12 May-13 Jan-14 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 2% 0% 10% 8% 6% 14.8% 14% 16%

Unemployed

Jobless Rate

The unemployment rate in the county peaked in July 2009 at 14.8%.