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HOW TO WRITE A REFERENCE

Modern Language Association (MLA)
1.

A published book by a single author. E.g.

Knight, Theodore O. Study Strategies for Careers. Homewood, Il.: Irwin, 1993.

2.

A book by two or three authors. E.g.

Ashby, Eric, and Mary Anderson. The Rise of the Student Estate in Britain. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1970.

3.

A book by three or more authors. E.g.

Sheridan, Marion C., et al. The Motion Picture and the Teaching of English. New York: Appleton, 1965.

4.

A book with an editor. E.g.

Kuhn, Thomas, Ed. The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change. Chicago: U of Chicago p, 1977.

5.

A book with an author and an editor. E.g.

a. Emphasis on the author. E.g. Gisberg, Allen. Journals: Early Fifties, Early Sixties. Ed. Gordon Ball. New York: Grove, 1977. b. Emphasis on editor. E.g. Ball, Gordon, Ed. Journals: Early Fifties, Early Sixties. By Allen Ginsberg. New York: Grove, 1977.

6.

An edition other than the first. E.g.

Bailey, Sydney. British Parliamentary Research. 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton, 1971.

7.

Published proceedings of a conference. E.g.

Shusterman, Alan J., Ed. Capitalizing on ideas: New Alliances for Business. Proceedings from a Conference of Indians Business Leaders, 10-11 April 1983, Indianapolis: Indiana Committee for the Humanities, 1983.

8.

a. A government document. E.g. United States. Congress Committee on the Judiciary. Immigration and Nationality Act with Amendments and Notes on Related Laws. 8th ed. Washington: GPO, 1980. b.

From a government ministry. E.g.

Kenya. Ministry of Commerce and Industry. A Guide to Industrial investment in Kenya. Nairobi: Government Printers, 1967.

9.

Unpublished dissertation. E.g.

Henningfeld, Diane Andrews. Conceptualizing Rape: Sexual Violence in Middle English Literature. Diss. Michigan State U, 1994.

10.

A contribution in a book. E.g.

Pateman, Tony. Accountability and schooling. In Bush, Tony, et al. Approaches to School Management. London: Harper& Row, 1980, 41-71.

11.

Articles
A. Newspaper. E.g. Waga, Fred. Drug test dashes Kenya medal hope. Daily Nation 20 Sep. 2001:1. B. Journal. E.g. Bird, Harry. Some Aspects of Prejudice in the Roman World. University of Windsor Review 10.1(1975): 64-75.

12.

Online sources. E.g.

Federation of Students. Federation of Students (FwdS), University of Waterloo. http://waterul.uwaterloo.ca/~fedintrn. Boyle, Brian, Comp. American Civil War, 1861-1865. http://www.access.doex.net/~bdboyle/sw.html.

PREPARING A BIBLIOGRAPHY MLA

Bass, B. Leadership, psychology, and organizational behavior. New York: Harper& Row, 1960. Blake, R.R. and J.S. Moughton. Comprehension of own and outgroup Positions under intergroup competition. Journal of Conflict Resolution 5(1961): 304-310. - - - Comprehension of points of Commonalty in competing solutions. Sociometry 25(1962a): 56-63. Chesler, M., and J. Franklin. International and intergenerational conflict in Secondary Schools. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American sociological Association, Boston, August 1968.

HARVARD STYLE
Bass, B. 1960. . Leadership, psychology, and organizational behavior. New York: Harper& Row. Blake, R.R. and J.S. Moughton. 1961. Comprehension of own and outgroup Positions under intergroup competition. Journal of Conflict Resolution 5, 304-310. Blake, R.R. 1962a. Comprehension of points of Commonalty in competing solutions. Sociometry 25, 56-63. Chesler, M., and J. Franklin. August 1968. International and intergenerational conflict in Secondary Schools. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American sociological Association, Boston.

APA (American Psychological Association)

Bass, B. (1960). Leadership, psychology, and organizational behavior. New York: Harper&Row. Blake, R.R. and Moughton, J.S. (1961). Comprehension of own and outgroup Positions under intergroup competition. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 5, 304-310. Blake, R.R. 1962a. Comprehension of points of Commonalty in competing solutions. Sociometry, 25, 56-63.

Chesler, M., and Franklin, J. (1968, August). International and intergenerational conflict in Secondary Schools. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American sociological Association, Boston.

Book Chapter (Source: http://www.wikihow.com/Write-an-APA-StyleBibliography)

Tizol, W.P. (1976). Brain function and memory. In J.M.O. Corney & H.L. Center (Eds.), An inside look at what we think we know. (pp. 154-184). Springfield, IL: American Psychiatric Press.

Magazine Article
Pozo, E. R. (2008, November 19). The way she loved me. Personal Literature, 290, 11131120.

Encyclopedia Article
Parker, S.A. (1947). Fetal development. In International encyclopedia of pregnancy (Vol. 7, pp. 202-207). New York: Aesculapius Publishers.

Newspaper Article
Amazing women. (1955, January 12). The Journal News, pp. D11, D14.

Website
Summers, M. (2007). Cool scenes. Retrieved August 27, 2007, from http://coolscenesilove.edu/

Updated on 27/6/2011 D.K. NJOKA