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Overview
Definition Introduction to FEA Typical FEA problems Derivation of FEA using
Minimum potential energy
Virtual work
Discretization of a structure
Nodes
Deflected Shape
Source: Algor Customer Application Stories, Algor, Inc.
Sail Boat
Eigen modes
Metallic Stent
Stenting-Technology
Finite-Element-Analysis of stents
Parameters of evaluation stresses and strains deployability
elastic recoil
collapse pressure foreshortening
durability / fatigue
flexibility
Finite-Element-Model of a metallic stent and a balloon catheter
radial compliance
Finite-Element-Analysis of stents
Structural failure: stent collapse
Crash
Best Practices
FEA requires engineering judgment. In the best case, you should know the approximate answer before you begin. Proper selection of elements, materials, loads, constraints and analysis parameters comes from experience.
Best Practices
Understand that the computer model never matches reality (its only an approximation).
The surest route to failure in FEA is to underestimate the complexity of the technology.
{F}=[K] {d}
d [ N ]d e
[ B]d [ D]
Consider e F Element with nodal load Body forces p Surface forces q e e d Virtual nodal displacement ** resulting in internal displacements and strain e * distributions of d * and d .
d F d pdV dV
eT * e T * T * ve Ve
Substitute
d* [ N ]d
e *
* [ B]d
e *
substitute
[ D][ B]d
This yields
F [ N ] pdV ] [ B] [ D][ B]dV
e T T ve Ve
[ K ]d F
e e
e T
[ K ] [ B] [ D][ B]dV
Ve
Note:
The equations from virtual work are identical with those from minimum potential energy.
Note
Similar equations can be obtained for thermal analysis . In thermal analysis, the dof of the unknown temperature is one, rather than 2 or higher.
Need to start with heat conduction equation.
Summary
The equation Kd=F is the basis for finite element analysis In the next lectures we will study how to determine K and solve the equation for truss and beam problems After that: discussion of various elements (trusses, beams, 2-D and 3-D, axi-symmetric, etc.)
Conservation of energy
A second order differential equation Describes the heat transfer via conduction through the volume element
Krishnamoorthy, G. S. Finite Element Analysis: Theory and Programming. s.l. : Tata McGraw-Hill, 1995.
Boundary conditions
Second order system in x, y and z
Need two boundary conditions for each direction
Boundary conditions
First order system in t
Need one boundary condition in time
http://www.psc.edu/science/farhat.html
Galerkins method
Consider the steady state heat conduction differential equation for the volume element
Krishnamoorthy, G. S. Finite Element Analysis: Theory and Programming. s.l. : Tata McGraw-Hill, 1995. J. N. Reddy, D. K. Gartling. The Finite Element Method in Heat Transfer and Fluid Dynamics. 2nd. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2001.
Higher order (quadratic) interpolation functions yield higher accuracy in calculating the temperatures between the nodes of the element.
J. N. Reddy, D. K. Gartling. The Finite Element Method in Heat Transfer and Fluid Dynamics. 2nd. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2001.
3D Elements
Linear
Quadratic
J. N. Reddy, D. K. Gartling. The Finite Element Method in Heat Transfer and Fluid Dynamics. 2nd. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2001.
Shell elements
Can replace 3D volume elements with surface elements
Drastically decrease computation time
Avoid the calculation of the temperatures within the volume element
Similar in form to one and two dimensional elements Particularly applicable to three dimensional structures that consist of thin surfaces
Conclusions
Thermal finite element analysis in available software is capable of describing most physical situations accurately.
Even the most basic thermodynamic equations can be very powerful when used with the finite element method.