Hexamoll Report Internet Label

1
Non-Phthalate Plasticizers for PVC:

Hexamoll
DINCH

December 1st, 2011

Eco-Efficiency Analysis, SEEBALANCE
BASF, October, 2010 2

Summary
This eco-efficiency analysis compares various non-phthalate plasticizers for use in PVC
applications in the German market. Plasticizers that were examined included
Hexamoll
DINCH(diisononylcyclohexane dicarboxylate), acetyltributyl citrate (ATBC),

an acetylated castor oil derivative, alkylsulphonic phenyl ester (ASE), and
diethylhexylterephthalate (DEHTP).
Hexamoll
DINCHis the most eco-efficient plasticizer, with the lowest overall

environmental impact. DEHTP has a slight cost advantage, but is less eco-efficient
primarily due to a greater environmental impact. ATBC has an intermediate eco-efficiency.
Acetylated castor oil derivative and ASE have the lowest but similar eco-efficiency, even
though their costs and environmental impact differ significantly from each other.
The results hold not only for toy balls (base case), but also for garden hoses and
medical tubing. While these have somewhat different compositions, the eco-efficiency
relationships remain essentially unchanged compared to the base case.
Hexamoll
DINCH is the most eco-efficient non-phthalate plasticizer for PVC applications such
as balls, garden hose and medical tubing. It offers significant toxicological advantages over the
complete life cycle, especially considering consumer exposure.


The Eco-Efficiency Label
Requirements
Requirements

1. Accomplished Eco-Efficiency Analysis according to the methodology certified
by TV Rheinland, Germany.

2. Verification of the investigated product to be more eco-efficient for the
defined customer benefit than other alternatives as result of the analysis.

3. Presentation of a third party evaluation (so-called Peer Review according
ISO 14040 & 14044.).

4. Publication of the results via internet on website www.oeea.de, which is
referred to on the label.

5. Payment of the license fee for the duration of three years.


Eco-Efficiency Label
Certificate


Eco-Efficiency Label
Hexamoll
DINCH
The Eco-Efficiency label can be
awarded to the listed PVC
products using Hexamoll

DINCH as a plasticizer. It was
shown that they are more eco-
efficient than the alternative
systems.


Expert Opinion: Critical Review
TV Rheinland 2007
Critical Reviewers: Dr. Christoph Lutermann, TV Rheinland BioTech GmbH
Bernhard Priesemuth, TV Rheinland Cert GmbH

After critical review of the report titled Non-Phthalate Platicizers for PVC Applications: Hexamoll
DINCH
and the supporting inventory and impact assessment calculations, the main conclusions of the critical
reviewers are as follows:

the input data is detailed and up-to-date and is treated according to the methodology following
DIN ISO 14040 et seq.

the system boundaries are appropriate and the alternatives are clearly and sufficiently modelled.

the anal ysis shows that Hexamoll DINCH is the most eco-efficient plasticizer for the described
applications, having the lowest total environmental impact.

Excerpt:
Die Prozessketten und die dafr erforderlichen Input-Daten wurden detailliert erfasst und gem dem
Bewertungsverfahren aufbereitet... Die verwendeten Datenquellen sind ausreichend und aktuell... Entsprechend der
vorgesehenen Anwendung und der getroffenen Annahmen wurden die Systemgrenzen richtig gesetzt, das System
ausreichend und deutlich beschrieben und die erhaltenen Daten entsprechend der Methode aggregiert. Durchgefhrte
Sensitivittsbetrachtungen sttzen das vorliegende Ergebnis...
Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass Hexamoll DINCH der koeffizienteste Weichmacher fr die vorgesehenen
Anwendungen, mit den niedrigsten gesamten Umweltauswirkungen, ist.
7
Non-Phthalate Plasticizers for PVC:
Hexamoll

DINCH

Update of 2007 Study

October 20th, 2011
Dr. Anah Grosse-Sommer GU/NE
Dr. Peter Saling GU/NE

In cooperation with:
Markus Effinger E-CPI/MB
Rainer Otter GUP/PB
Jochen Wagner E-CPI/MT

Co-Authors of 2007 Study:
Heidrun Goth, Felix Richter, Thomas Schfer


Methodology
The study is based on the eco-efficiency methodology, developed by BASF to assess
the life cycle of all materials and energy required to fulfill a defined customer benefit
(functional unit).
The environmental anal ysis follows the ISO norms 14040 and 14044 for life cycle
assessment. The BASF eco-efficiency methodology goes beyond the norms by
including life cycle costs and weighting to deri ve an environmental fingerprint as well
as an overall environmental impact.
The methodology has been validated by the German TV in 2002 and by the US NSF in
2009.
This methodology was used by the " ko-Institut (Institute for Applied Ecology)" in
Freiburg, Germany in different Plastics Europe (formerly APME) studies. ko-Institut
uses a similar methodology with a different weighting system (" Ecograde" ). TNO in the
Netherlands uses the BASF standard method with a different weighting system. The
Wuppertal Institute on the method: Basically, the large number of indicators used in
the eco-efficiency analysis of BASF make relatively reliable statements possible .
The method was initially developed by BASF and Roland Berger Consulting, Munich.


User Benefit and Alternatives

User Benefit:

Production and
use of 1000 toy
balls in the
German market
Hexamoll
DINCH
Acetyltributyl citrate (ATBC)
Diethylhexylterephthalate (DEHTP)
Acetylated castor oil
Alkylsulphonic phenyl ester (ASE)


System Boundaries
Production Use Recycling/Disposal
Ca/Zn
stabilizer
plasticizer

Non-rigid
PVC
ancillary

additives

PVC
pellets*
production
of toy balls
use of toy
balls
incineration of
balls
*Note that only the differences in PVC material among alternatives are considered, not the absolute amounts used.


Abbreviations and Trademarks
UB user benefit (functional unit) that serves as basis for the
comparison
Hexamoll
DINCH Both Hexamoll and DINCH are registered trademarks of BASF

referring to 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester
DEHTP diethylhexylterephthalate
ASE alkylsulphonic phenyl ester
ATBC acetyltributyl citrate

12
Overall Results


Environmental Fingerprint
0,00
energy use
emissions
toxicity potential
occup.illnesses & accidents
resource use
land use Hexamoll
DINCH
ASE
ATBC
acet.castor
oil deriv.
DEHTP


Costs Summary
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Hexamol l DINCH ASE ATBC acet.castor oi l der i v. DEHTP
di sposal
PVC
other
pl asti ci zer
c
o
s
t
s
E
U
R
/
U
B
Costs shown are based only on material prices (average for 4/2010 4/2011).


Eco-Efficiency Portfolio (Base Case)

Base Case:

Production
and use of
1000 toy balls
in the German
market
0,2
1,0
1,8
0,2 1,0 1,8
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

b
u
r
d
e
n

(
n
o
r
m
.
)
costs (norm.)
Hexamoll DINCH
ASE
ATBC
acet.castor oil deriv.
DEHTP


Eco-Efficiency Portfolio (Base Case):
Comments
The eco-efficiency of Hexamoll
DINCHballs is highest, followed closely

by DEHTP balls. ATBC balls have an intermediate eco-efficiency, while
balls plasticized with acetylated castor oil or ASE demonstrate a
significantly lower eco-efficiency.
The differences in eco-efficiency are primarily due to environmental
performance differences, while costs are similar for most alternatives. An
exception is the ball made with acetylated castor oil; it is characterized by
both higher environmental impact as well as higher costs.


Significant Environmental and Economic
Factors
COSTS
- high price for acetylated castor oil derivative
ENVIRONMENT
- high energy use, material use and emissions associated with phenolsulfonic
acid for ASE production
- high toxicity potential of acet. castor oil derivative during end consumer use
- agricultural process necessary for castor oil derivative production is
associated with high land use
18
Life Cycle Assessment Results


Energy Consumption
Calculation Factor: 18%
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
M
J
/
U
B
di sposal
Ca/Zn stabil izer
PVC
pl asti cizer


Resource Use
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
k
g

S
i
l
v
e
r
-
e
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
s

/
U
B
di sposal
Ca/Zn stabil izer
PVC
pl asti cizer


Greenhouse Gas Emissions
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
g

C
O
2

e
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
s
/
U
B
di sposal
Ca/Zn stabil izer
PVC
pl asti cizer


Acidification Potential (AP)


Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential
(POCP)


Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)
-0,05
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,30
g

C
F
C
1
1
-
e
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
s
/
U
B
di sposal
Ca/Zn stabil izer
PVC
pl asti cizer


Water Emissions
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
G
r
e
y

w
a
t
e
r

[
l

d
i
l
u
t
e
d

w
a
t
e
r

e
q
.
]

/

U
B
di sposal
Ca/Zn stabil izer
PVC
pl asti cizer


Solid Wastes
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
k
g

M
u
n
i
c
i
p
a
l

W
a
s
t
e
-
e
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
s
/
U
B
di sposal
Ca/Zn stabil izer
PVC
pl asti cizer


Land Use
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
di sposal
Ca/Zn stabil izer
PVC
pl asti cizer
m
2
a
/
U
B


Toxicity Potential:
Determination (1)
exposure of professionals
based on R-phrases
(incl. educts)
weighting 10%
exposure of professionals
based on R-phrases
weighting 20%
exposure of public
based on expert ranking
weighting 70%
production of
plasticizer and
other substances
use of plasticizer
(production of
consumer product)
use of consumer
products

The toxicity potential was determined by considering all substances involved in the life
cycle of the balls. Exposure of the public to a toxic substance was weighted more
heavily than exposure of professionals (see scheme below) since the latter have better
training and equipment to deal with critical substances.
For all production steps, the R-phrases (from EU safety data sheets) were used as a
measure of toxicity. For the consumer use of the ball, an expert ranking of various
toxicological and ecotoxicological values (see next page) was used to compare the
various plasticizers.


Toxicity Potential:
Determination (2)
Toxicity ranking of the five plasticizer alternatives during consumer use (i.e. of the
ball). Ranking was performed by Dr. Rainer Otter based on EFSA reports and other
publicly available data.
Ranking:
-10 (worst) to +10 (best)


Toxicity Potential
-
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
Hexamoll
DINCH
ASE ATBC acet.castor oil
deriv.
DEHTP
consumer exposure
plasticizer use
Ca/Zn stabilizer
PVC
plasticizer production
N
o
r
m
.

t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y

p
o
i
n
t
s


Toxicity Potential:
Comments

Acetylated castor oil derivative is the worst alternative in terms of toxicity potential.
While all plasticizers have a roughly similar prechain, acet. castor oil derivative
has a considerably more critical ranking associated with consumer exposure.
Particularly eye and skin irritation are of concern.

ASE, while showing a lower toxicity potential than acet. castor oil derivative, is
significantly more critical than the Hexamoll
DINCH, ATBC and ASE.


Occupational Illnesses & Accidents
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
n
o
r
m
a
l
i
z
e
d

a
n
d

w
e
i
g
h
t
e
d
di sposal
ESO
Loxi ol
Ca/Zn stabil izer
Li pi nol O
PVC
pl asti cizer
33
Scenario-Analysis
Scenario 1: Garden Hose
Scenario 2: Medical Tubing


Scenario 1: Garden Hose

Base Case:

Production
and use of
1000 m
garden hose
in the German
market


Scenario 2: Medical Tubing

Base Case:

Production
and use of
1000 m
medical
tubing in the
German
market
36
Contact
If you have questions regarding this study, please
contact:

Markus Effinger markus.effinger@basf.com

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1

Non-Phthalate Plasticizers for PVC:

BASF, October, 2010 2

DINCH(diisononylcyclohexane dicarboxylate), acetyltributyl citrate (ATBC),

DINCHis the most eco-efficient plasticizer, with the lowest overall

BASF, October, 2010 3

BASF, October, 2010 4

BASF, October, 2010 5

BASF, October, 2010 6

BASF, October, 2010 8

BASF, October, 2010 9

BASF, October, 2010 10

BASF, October, 2010 11

DINCH Both Hexamoll and DINCH are registered trademarks of BASF

BASF, October, 2010 13

BASF, October, 2010 14

BASF, October, 2010 15

BASF, October, 2010 16

DINCHballs is highest, followed closely

BASF, October, 2010 17

BASF, October, 2010 19

BASF, October, 2010 20

BASF, October, 2010 21

BASF, October, 2010 22

BASF, October, 2010 23

BASF, October, 2010 24

BASF, October, 2010 25

BASF, October, 2010 26

BASF, October, 2010 27

BASF, October, 2010 28

BASF, October, 2010 29

BASF, October, 2010 30

BASF, October, 2010 31

DINCH, ATBC and ASE.

BASF, October, 2010 32

BASF, October, 2010 34

BASF, October, 2010 35

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