MQ 10 Surds Answers

705
Answers
Answers
CHAPTER 1 Rational and
irrational numbers
Exercise 1B Finite and recurring

decimals
1 a 0.75
e 0.66
i 0.52
2 a 0.3
Are you ready?

1 a
3
--4
1
--4
2 a 6
3 a 7--3-
3
--4
b 24
-----b 15
4
d 1 1--5-
c 54
-----c 51
10
d 60
-----d 39
8
d 0.785
4 a 2 --29-
b 2 --13-
c 2 --25-
6
d 1 ----11
5 a 0.375
6 a 4.3
b 0.1875
c 0.32
d 0.225
7 a
3
--5
b 5.428 571 c 13.83

3
--4
8 a 11
9 a 1.7
1
--8
b 3
b 3.9
c 2
c 9.9
g 0.375 46
3 a 0.6
d 0.27
d 19.6872
d 100
d 10.1
e
i
2 a
e
i
3 a
e
i
4 a
e
i
5
6
7
8
2
--3
5
--9
5
--9
7
-----12
5
-----18
31
-----36
1
--2
5
-----16
-----1 23
32
5
--6
1 3--45
--8
2
--5
8
-----15
8
--9
5
--6
1
--4
3
--4
16
-----63
7
-----24
7
9 ----12
6
--7
1 1--2-----1 43
72
b
f
j
b
f
j
b
f
j
b
f
j
a E
b D
65 students
$9.80
i 3--41
--3
iii Dad ate ,
1
--3
c
g
k
c
g
k
c
g
k
c
g
k
4
--5
1
--6
5
-----12
1 1--41
2 ----20
26
-----35
1
--2
28
-----45
3 1--25
--6
1 7--83 3--4-
ii Milly ate
16
-----25
1
--4
3
--5
1
1 ----10
7
2 ----24
13
1 ----20
9
-----55
3
--5
d
h
l
d
h
l
d
h
l
6 a
f
k
7 a C
d E
1
-----12
2
--3
was left.
was left.
Maths Quest challenge (page 7)

1 50
131
--------286
(Other answers possible)
1
--2
e 0.594
g
l
b
g
l
0.125 125 1
h 0.814 35
c 0.8
b 0.27
e 0.83
3
-----25
29
-----80
2
--3
17
-----90
725
--------999
0.142 857
0.90
l 0.259
d E
e D
67
-----d -------e 19
100
20
7
--8
27
-----40
357
-----------1000
28
-----33
5
-----18
71
-----99
109
--------300
7
-----15
379
--------990
b A
c C
j
d D
7
--9
17
2 4 ----56
1
-----15
2
--3
6 0.325
7 0.16
5
--8
10
127
--------495
Exercise 1C Irrational numbers
1 6--71 --23-
8
-----11
5 1 5--6-
c 0.32
10 Quick Questions 1
d 2 3--4-
c C
3
--4
221
--------250
5
--9
2
-----11
616
--------999
d 0.625
h 0.3125
l 0.08
b 0.16
h 0.06
j 0.2916
k 0.56
4 a B
b D
c C
3
7
5 a 4--5b ----c ----10
50
Exercise 1A Operations with

fractions
1 a
c 0.9
g 0.9125
k 0.57
g 0.916
1
-----40
b 0.4
f 0.275
j 0.45
answers
Maths Quest 10/ Final Pages / 19/1/06
5_61_03274_MQV10 - A 1-15_tb Page 705 Thursday, January 19, 2006 7:42 PM
2
--3
History of mathematics Srinivasa

Ramanujan (18871920)
1A
1 More than 100 theorems

2 Number theory, elliptic functions, continued fractions,
prime numbers
3 32
1 a Surd
b Not a surd c Not a surd
d Surd
e Surd
f Surd
g Not a surd
h Not a surd i Surd
j Not a surd
k Surd
l Not a surd
2 a C
b D
c A
d E
e D
3 a Rational
b Irrational
c Rational
d Rational
e Rational
f Rational
g Rational
h Rational
i Rational
j Irrational
k Rational
l Irrational
4 Answers will vary.
5 a 8.185
b 9.055
c 12.124
d 2.285
e 2.627
f 0.868
g 50.339
h 44.294
i 24.653 j 94.526 k 3.473
l 18.846
6 Answers will vary.
7 a 2.844
b 9.637 c 4.019
d 5.983
e 5.059
f 1.052
g 1.424
h 3.363
i 2.431 j 0.9422
8 a 23
b 15
c 15
d 13
e 10
9 a A
b C
c D
d E
e B
10 a 56.37
b 9.48
c 1.05
d 0.51
e 28.08
f 2.02
1C
answers
706
Answers
11 a Ralis answer is approximate, Tigs answer is

exact, so the teacher is right.
33
1
b -------c -------100
300
d Rali: 39600, Tig: 40 000
e 400
f The difference between
1
--3
and 0.33 is only 0.003,
200 cm or 10 2 cm

1 8, 18, 50 (other answers possible)
2 a 177 768 889
b 399 960 001
c 16
5 2
b 2 2
c 3 2
d 7
g 2 7
h 6 3
k 10 5 l
p 7 2
2 a 4 2
f
12
90
f
4 a D
f E
5 a 15 3
12 2 j
4 3
m 2 13 n
55
o 2 21
78
q 11 3 r 7 7
b 15 3 c 48
d 35 2 e 20 6
10 3 g 4 42 h 72 2 i
3 a
9 2
30
175 c
32
g
b A
g D
b 19 5
27 5 j 132 2
108 d
80
384
720 i
600 j
338
h
c C
d C
e D
h B
c 16 7 d 17 2 e a c
d 2 b g hk j h
6 a 3 2m
4 10
b 3 3m
7 a 60 14 cm
f
c 12 3 3 6.804 m
b 224 cm
Exercise 1E Addition and subtraction

of surds
1 a 2 2
b 4 5
c 6 3
d 0
5 11
2 7
g 10 2 + 7 3
h 8 5+ 6
8 10 + 7 3
k 2 6
5 5 + 15
n 11 2
7 13
16 2 11 5
m 8 7 11
p 3 64 3
q 5 26 7 r 2
66
2 14
b 5
c 5
f 8
g 10
h 2 15
6 2
b 0
k 15 2
n 24 5
o 168
p 6 2
q 1250
s 1600 2
28 7
108 2
b C
c A
15
h 4
2 5
9 3
1
p ------6
3
m ------4
n 15
o 8
4
q 1 ----45
13
r 1 ----32
b C
b 1 1--6-
c C
c 1 1--2-
4 a B
5 a 1 2--3-
6 a 3 2+3 5
e 4 7 20
g 42 + 7 7
6 + 15
42 8 14 k 5 + 2 5
2 5 + 2 10
65 6
p 15
q 50 15 2 r 8 6 60
7 a 2 10 15 + 2 6 3
b 3 35 14 + 3 10 2
c 1
d 2
27 + 2 6
42 24 3
7 + 10
g 8 2 15 h 5 + 2 6
8 a 42
b 4 2 cm
d 504 2 cm
168 2 cm
e 42
b 18 2 m2
g 4 6 + 6 5 14 2
h 29 5 + 22 3
j 28 2 39 5
n 41 5 + 6 3 6 2
10 2 2
n 60 18 5 o 12 14 + 8 35
f 2 33 5
m 69 51 2
m 12
e 5 6+6 5
18 10 + 42 2
b 5 6 5 2 c 6 5 + 6 11
9 a 3 2 m
3 2
---------5
d D
d 1 3--4-
3
--4
d 8 2 + 24
j
2
------2
k 2 2
d 4 7
k 69 3 17 2
24
c 5 3
9 11 30
35
m 150
2 a
d 10.39 m
Exercise 1F Multiplication and

division of surds
3 a
d A
b ( 31 + 4 41 ) m
5 a 67 m
u 12 15
2 a E
Exercise 1D Simplifying surds

f
c C
4 ( 40 + 5 2 + 2 13 ) cm
1 a 5 5
b 14.1 cm
13 2 6 or approximately 4.9 m
1 a 2 5
b A
c ( 36 4 41 ) m
but has much more significance if taken over a

larger amount.
12 a
3 a D
7
-----11
1 2.25
2 0.45
5 4.05
6 2
7 3 10
9 40 2
3
10 ------3
99
8 16 2
707
Answers
Exercise 1G Writing surd fractions

with a rational denominator
3
1 a ------3
5
b ------5
10
---------5
15
2 a ---------5
e
30
7
d ------7
15
g ---------5
30
h ---------5
6
c ------3
15
d ---------5
Chapter 2 Algebra and

equations
2 21
------------7
3 10
g ------------5
6
h ------2
Are you ready?
30
k ---------2
2 42
------------3
2 3
---------3
2 6
c ---------5
2
c ------2
5
d ------4
15
d ---------2
30
b ---------6
2 6
---------3
2 15
3 a ------------b
7
2
4 a ------b
2
3 2
5 a ---------b
2
6 a 5(2 + 3)
c 4( 5 2)
70
---------2
5
--6
b 1 1--9-
5 ( 5 3 ) or 5
decimal
rational
multiple
surds
perfect
like
2
4
6
8
10
12
1
b ----12
repeater
recurring
fractions
approximation
factor
multiplied
1
-----12
3
--4
0.285 714 d 0.5
2 126
3 a 0.08
4 a C
5 a 4--5-
b 0.8125
b E
b 8--9c
6 16 = 4
7 a 7.9
b 13.7
83
--------100
5
--6
83
-----99
c 0.5
d 25.7
65 m or 8.06 m
9 a 3 11
10 A
b 5 7
c 24 2
d 12 10
11 a
180
b 5 3
14 a ( 12 + 4 2 ) cm
15 a 5 2
d 2 6
605
18
c 18 5 6 7
b ( 56 + 2 5 ) cm
c 13
e 3 1--2-
30
---------6
c
c
c
c
c
c
1
--4
yx 2
2
4
7
2p 2q + 8
4pq
5
-----12
c 2 2--3c
2
--3
5k + 11c
4f + 8h
12n + 11
3m + 2c
4t + 2
4p 14
j + 3c
7y2 4y
C
x2 + 7x + 6
v2 10v 6
u2 + u 12
40fh
54hnp
3k
4a
d -----3c
1 a
d
g
2 a
d
g
j
m
3 a
4 a
c
e
5 a
d
6 a
b
e
h
b
e
h
k
n
b
b
e
b
e
x
g --5
15m + 16f
c 9d + 5c
12g + 13j
f 15d + 13
7h2 + 14y
i 11nv + 10u
8a + 3f
c 2k + 2
r + 5
f 2v 5
4w + 4
i 7c 17
7k + 4m
l 4d + 3c
2x3 6x4
o c2 + 12
B
c A
b d 2 + 4d 10
d a2 2ab + b2
f 5n4 6n2 25
60abc
c 28gm
84abst
f 72ahmst
2mn
c 6g
3g
10a
-----f --------4h
3b
8k 2
-------3m
3ac
-----------2bd 2
Exercise 2B Substituting into

expressions
1 a
f
k
2 a
f
3 a
5
3
30
11
36
7
-----12
f 48
4 a 17
f 68
5 a D
6 3.9 cm
b
g
l
b
g
b
2
30
5
1
125
1
----12
b 30
g 46
b C
c 0
h 12
d 6
i 12
e 17
j 27
c 1
h 1
1
c ----12
d 30
i 15
d 1 1--3-
e 24
c 8
h 113.1
c B
d 4
i 40
1
--------576
e 1.5
j 14.1
1D
b 24 21
1
--9
30 + 3 3
Exercise 2A Operations with

pronumerals
15
Chapter review
12 a 4 6 7
13 D
11
-----24
9 a
3 6(3 6 + 5 2)
2 ( 7 + 2 ) h ------------------------------------------- or 27 + 15 3
2
150
8
12
13
5a 9
3ab
b 2 ( 1 2 )
d 3(3 + 7)
52
b x2y and
abc and 3acb

2q2p and 2pq2
5
b
15
b
1
b
3x + 2
b
6
b
5
1 ----b
12
1
--4
3( 5 + 2) f
7
-----12
1 a
c
2 a
3 a
4 a
5 a
6 a
7 a
8 a
1 a
7
5 6
19 a ------- b ---------14
6
Summary
1
3
5
7
9
11
b 73 40 3
6
c ------6
16 a 240
17 C
18 B
answers
2B
answers
708
Answers
7 65.45 cm3
8 361 m
9 a 1 In this case, addition is closed on integers.
b 1 In this case, subtraction is closed on integers.
c 2 In this case, multiplication is closed on integers.
d 1 In this case, division is closed on integers.
e 2 In this case, subtraction is closed on integers.
f 1--2- In this case, division is not closed on integers.
10 a 10 In this case, addition is closed on natural
numbers.
b 4 In this case, subtraction is not closed on
natural numbers.
c 12 In this case, multiplication is closed on natural
numbers.
d 4--3- In this case, division is not closed on natural
numbers.
e 2 In this case, subtraction is not closed on
natural numbers.
f 4 In this case, division is closed on natural
numbers.
11 a (a + 2b) + 4c = a + (2b + 4c)
b (x 3y) 5c = x (3y 5c)
c 2p q q 2p
d 5d + q = q + 5d
e 3z + 0 = 0 + 3z = 3z
1
1
f 2x ------ = ------ 2x = 1
2x
2x
g (4x 3y) 5z 4x (3y 5z)
h 3d 4y 4y 3d
Exercise 2C Expanding
1 a
e
i
m
2 a
d
g
3 a
d
g
j
m
4 a
c
e
g
i
5 a
6 a
c
e
7 a
5k + 5 b 7m + 28 c 4y + 28 d 8d 72
12h 60 f 2k 12 g 20m 8 h 30t + 25
16k 88 j 5m + 5n k 32y 24f l 18v + 42w
bc bd n ki + kef o 12pj 18mp
3c 3
b 5d 10
c 6m 66
8c 8d
e 12k + 8m
f 14 + 21x
50 + 10y
h k2 2k
i x2 + 3x
5c + 23
b 17k + 42
c 13m + 41
j 16
e 2t 11
f 13m + 39
16c 14
h d8
i 4w 112
18h + 22
k 10y 19
l 9x + 27
7h 5
n 6c + 38
o 5m + 22
y2 4y 12
b w2 4w 12
2x2 13x + 20
d 3h2 + 8h + 5
3f 2 22f 16
f 8a2 + 6a 9
4x3 + 2x2 + 4x
h 9x3 15x2 + 7x
4
3
2
32p 8p + 30p
D
b B
c E
x2 + 5x + 6
b g2 6g + 8
6a2 + 7a 20
d 12m2 25m + 12
2
y + 10y + 25
f 4d2 12d + 9
3x2 units2
b (x2 + 5x) m2
1 8r 3t
8
2 -----5e
3 6g2hkm
4 6 --455 a 1.3
b 6 5
6 a 4 In this case, multiplication is not closed on

irrational numbers.
b
7
8
9
10
15 In this case, multiplication is closed on

irrational numbers.
6w 12v
3pq + 15q2
20 + 31u
15r3 63r2 + 84r
Exercise 2D Factorising using

common factors
1 a
d
g
j
2 a
d
g
j
3 a
d
g
4 a
d
g
j
5 a
4(x + 3)
b
10(y + 11)
e
5(b 9)
h
6(l 12)
k
2(3t + 5)
b
15(2m + 1)
e
3(2c 9)
h
c(5 + d)
k
3(c 5)
b
5( j + 4)
e
3(3k 5)
h
m(m + 5)
b
f(8 + f )
e
2q2(2 5q6) h
mn4(20m2 n) k
A
b B
6(y + 4)
2( f + 14h)
6(d 1)
12(n 3p)
3(3m + 2)
2(7m + 6n)
5(20h 3)
6a(k 5m)
7(m 5)
4(h + 7j)
4a(4c 3d)
d(d2 6)
y(y 1)
5r4(3r 1)
2k2p(3kp + 4)
c E
c
f
i
l
c
f
i
l
c
f
i
c
f
i
l
7(m + 7)
3(a 3)
8(e 3)
7( f 14d)
4(3k + 7)
5(2j 5)
2(10m 1)
bc(4a + d)
8(k 3j)
6(p + 2s)
4b(3m + 5ac)
4x(x3 + 4)
7p3(1 + 3p2)
3ab(4a + 5b)
11xy(x2 y)
d D

1 24 units
B
2 4, 9, 25, 49 (Square numbers have an odd number of
factors. Squares of prime numbers have 3 factors only.)
3 16, 81
4 64
5 60, 72 and 96 each have 12 factors.
Exercise 2E Adding and subtracting

algebraic fractions
26
5
-)
1 a ------ (1 ----21 21
17
d -----99
15x 4
g -----------------27
5y
2 a -----b
12
3w
e ------f
28
7x + 17
i ------------------ j
10
49
b -----c 1
72
1
6 5x
e -----f --------------35
30
15 16x
15 2x
h --------------------i -----------------40
3x
13x
14x
3y
c --------d -------- -----12
9
40
89y
32x
y
g --------h -------- --35
15
5
7x + 30
2x 11
19x + 7
------------------ k -----------------l -----------------12
30
6
709
Answers
5
3 a -----8x
7
e --------24x
1
i ----6x
5
b --------12x
9
f --------20x
38
c --------21x
37
g -----------100x
3x 2 + 14x 4
4 a ---------------------------------( x + 4)( x 2)
8
d -----3x
51
h --------10x
2x 2 + 6x 10
c ------------------------------------( 2x + 1 ) ( x 2 )
4x 2 17x 3
d ------------------------------------( x + 1 ) ( 2x 7 )
7x 2 + x
e ---------------------------------( x + 7)( x 5)
x 2 + 7x + 15
g ---------------------------------( x + 1)( x + 2)
x7
h ---------------------------------( x + 3)( x 2)
j
l
2x 2 + 6x + 7
---------------------------------( x + 1)( x + 4)
3 a
e
i
4 a
c
e
g
3x
b -----y
3w
f ------2x
5
j -----24
5
b ----------x3
f
i
3
--5
2
--9
1
-----25
35
-----6
4y
c -----x
6z
g -----7x
12z
k -------x
9
c -------------------2( x 6)
x+1
----------------------g
2 ( 2x 3 )
9
---------------------------32x 2 ( x 2 )
c
or 5 5--6-
8y 2
32xy
-------j -----------9
5
9
------------------------------------( 3x 7 ) ( x + 3 )
4x
------------------------------------( x 1 ) ( 2x + 1 )
1
-------------------2( x + 1)
21 ( x 3 )
----------------------x+5
j
1
--3
4y 2
g -------7
k
2
--3
9x
d -----4y
2z
h -----7x
x
l ------6w
1
d -----------x+3
a
----------------------10 ( a + 3 )
3x
----------------------10 ( x 1 )
d 3
2y 2
h -------25
l
y2
1
b ---------------------------------( x + 2)( x 9)
4( x 1)
d ---------------------------------( x + 1)( x 5)
28
f ------------------------------------( 2x 3 ) ( x 7 )
13
h ------------------------------------9( x 4)( x + 1)
Exercise 2G Solving basic equations

a = 24
h = 0.26
x=0
f = 12
w = 5 1--3y = 21 --12-
b k = 121 c g = 2.9
f i = 2
g t=5
b i = 60
f k = 10
e n = 5 2--3e x=
8 a B
9 a x = 5
e h = 2
i g = 0.8
10 a x = 1
e t=3
d r=3
h q = 1--6-
c z = 7
d v=7
g a = 0.425 h m = 16 5--8-
f = 12 1--4-
x=2
t=3
a=0
x = 1
11 a
e
i
12 a
e y=
p=
1 1--81 2--3-
d f = 1.2
14
h j = ----31
c i=3
g s = 4 5--6-
d f=9
h t = 9 4--5-
b g = 30 c r = 10
f p = 62.4
b y=9
c m = 4 2--5f
d m = 18
d k = 1 1--2-
c = 1 1--3-
b m = 16
c p = 11 --37-
d u = 4 --18-
c C
c p=7
g v = 20
d x = 11
h r = 3
b v=1
c l=2
f e = 23 1--3- g j = 3 3--8-
d g = 2
h k = 36
b b=5
f r = 2 --31-
c w=2
g g = 1 --13-
d f=7
h h = 2 --15-
b c=2
c r = 2 2--3-
d k=1
g=7
g w=1
h m=
f
b
b
f
v=3
E
d = 1
t=5
1
--5
13 a x = 15 b y = 4 4--5- c t = 21
d u = 2 5--7-
e f = 12 --12i x=1
14 a A
h h = 12
r = 7 --12-
b D
g d = 6
c B
1 4(4 9y)
2 4(8 7g)
3x ( x + 1 )
4 ----------------------4
6 t = 42
8 y=7
10 b = 1--2-
8
--------15x
r = 12
v = 3
z=2
3
5
7
9

1 51
2 9
3 17
Exercise 2H Solving more complex

equations
1 a x=
20
-----31
8
e x = 2 ----11
x=
5 3--4-
2 a x=4
b x = 3 5--8f
x=
x=
10
-----43
-----2 11
12
b x = 18
11
2
- or x = 3 --e x = -------3
3
h x
= 5--7-
x=
c x=
d x = 7
g x = 5
h x = 2
k x = 2
c x=
2
-----17
d x=
x=
2
-----13
g x=3
f
13
-----20
29
-----36
x = 6
3
--2
2C
1 a
e
i
2 a
e
i
5 a f = 40
e n = 28
6 a x = 1 1--3-
8
-----11
Exercise 2F Multiplying and dividing

algebraic fractions
4x
1 a -----y
5 x
e --------4y
3 x
i --------2y
2
2 a --------------3x 2
2x
e ------------------( x + 1 )2
35d
h -------------------8(d 3)
a = 7 1--2-
7 a k = 25
5 5x
5
--------------------------------- = ----------( x 1)(1 x)
x1
3x 4
------------------( x 1 )2
b y = 17 c q = 6.25
225
f p = --38- g g = -------484
i a = 1 2--34 a a=4
b b=6
e q = 1 1--8- f r = 5 2--5i
2x 2 + 3x + 25
b ---------------------------------( x + 5)( x 1)
x 2 + 3x + 9
i ------------------------------------( x + 2 ) ( 3x 1 )
3x + 7
k ------------------( x + 1 )2
3 a t = 100
16
e h = ----49
answers
2H
answers
710
3 a x=
e x=
i
Answers
b x = 15
5
-----17
1 1--2-
x = 3 1--4-
4 a x=
-----c x = 6 2--9- d x = 10
19
x = 192
g x=
x=3
k x = 52
11
c x = 4 ----14
15
d x = 3 ----17
31
b x = 1 ----58
5
-----19
h x = 12
4
--7
x = 1 5--8-
20
e x = 5 ----43
10
x = 1 ----13
2
g x = 1 ----61
9
h x = 4 ----26
x = 1.5
x = 4 1--3-
k x=3
x=1
c t 6
g k < 7.5
d p1
h j 0.16
2 a x<3
b r8
e d 1 2--5- f k > 2
c y>3
d e 3
3 a h < 1 8--9-
c y7
d p > 5 5--6-
u 5 5--8- f c > 6
x 20
x > 4 b h < 7
k > 4 --45- f j 7 --79-
g y 18
h k < 180
c u 1
g f < 28
d x 2
h w 4 --12-
a < 16
k x 1
e
i
4 a
e
i
b v < 10
f h > 45
b d 1
a > 9
a>
25
-----9
5 a i < 5
9
10
11
12 13 g
b u<1
c g<9
d c > 16
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 c
e y 4 1--2f
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 m
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 j
m > 15
g j 15
h x1
3
7r
4 3
4 3
w > --12-
k x<2
l
y 4 1--4-
6 a C
b A
c A
pronumeral
2 multiplying
Commutative, Associative, Identity, Inverse, Closure
substitute
5 brackets
Expanding
7 highest, Divide
lowest, common, single
9 numerators
reciprocal
11 numerical
isolate
13 inequality
negative
1 a 7c 13 b 7k + 3m c 5d 5c d 7y2 5y
a
4cd
8a
2 a 21mp b -----c --------d -----20
25 f
3
3 B
4 35
5 D
6 a (a + 3b) + 6c = a + (3b + 6c)
b 12a 3b 3b 12a
1
1
c 7 p ------ = ------ 7 p = 1
7p
7p
d (x 5y) 7z = x (5y 7z)
e 12p + 0 = 0 + 12p = 12p
f (3p 5q) 7r 3p (5q 7r)
g 9d + 11e = 11e + 9d
h 4a b b 4a
7 a 96 In this case, multiplication is closed on natural
numbers.
b 1--3- In this case, division is not closed on natural
numbers.
c 4 In this case, subtraction is not closed on
natural numbers.
8 a 6x 18
b 8 + 4x
c 10p2 + 21p + 12
d 11x3 + 16x2 4x
e 2k2 10k 48
f 25d2 60d + 36
9 C
10 B
11 a 4a(p 3g)
b 4(h + 18)
c 3p4(4p2 + 5)
d 6p2q(1 4pq2)
12 B
7y
7x + 18
22
13 a -----b -----------------c --------6
10
15x
3x 2 + 6x 9
---------------------------------( x + 3)( x + 2)
8y
25z
14 a -----b -------x
4x
d
5
d --6
r<3
1
1
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
Chapter review
Exercise 2I Solving inequations

1 a x>1
e f 6
i y > 1 3--4-
Summary
5
-----------x+3
y2
-----50
2x
------------------------------------( x 1 ) ( 9x + 1 )
15 a p = 88
b s = 3.01
d r = 35
e x = 144
c b = 16
-----f x = 13
2
g y = 60
16 a b = 4
17 a x = 1--2-
i k = 12
c p = 2
3
c x = ----14
d x=1
h a = 6
b t=2
b x = 6 1--5e x = 12 2--9-
x = 1 1--6-
711
Answers
18 a x =
6
--7
d x=5
19 a x > 4
d y 30
b x = 22 1--2-
c x=2
e x = 3 --38-
b x > 7
e u 1
c e 12
f x 14
16
x = ----21
20
14
Are you ready?

b 4
c 3
ii x = 3
ii x = 9
3
c i y = --2
2
5
y = --- x --3
3
c 1
c 1--4
b y = 4x 5 c
4 a 1
5
5 a --2
6 a
b 2
7
b --3
y
6
5
4
3
2
1
y
5y 4x = 20
y = x + 3
3 2 1 0
1 2 3
5 10
ii x = 2
3 a y = 2x + 4
4 10 16
10 5 0
5
10
15
20
Chapter 3 Linear graphs

1 a 6
2 a i y=2
b i y = 3
y
20
15
y = 3x + 2
10
5
20
6
answers
d
b
y
4y 2x = 5
15
11
1 14
2 12
y
20
15 y = 2x + 3
10
5
10 550
5 10
10
3
0
4
2 a
3y + 4x = 12
Exercise 3A Plotting linear graphs

1 a
x
10
4 2
10
28 22 16 10 4
14
20
26
32
y
y = 3x + 2
30
20
10
10 5 0
10
20
25 15
15
25
35
y
35
y = 10x + 25 30
25
20
15
10
5
5 4
10 x
2 15
10
15
20
25
1 2
2I
30
3A
answers
712
Answers
b
x
y
17 12
19
15
11
y
20
15
y
y = 5x 12
10
5
y = 7 4x
10
2 15
10
15
2 3 4 5
3 2 1 0 1
5
2 3
20
c
x
13
12
11
10
1 From top to bottom, the three numbers are 31, 25, 10

2 a 67 + 31 + 4 + 5 = 107, 46 + 24 + 19 + 17 = 106
b Total of the eight numbers is an odd number.
Exercise 3B Sketching linear graphs

y
14 y = 0.5x + 10
12
10
8
6
4
2
6 4 2 0
2 4 6
1 a
y = 4x + 1
(1, 5)
1
x
01
y = 3x 7
d
x
y
240 140
40
60
160
260
(1, 4)
4
y
300 y = 100x 240
250
200
150
100
50
0
50
100
150
200
250
12
01
y
3
3 4 5
(1, 1)
01
y = 2x + 3
y
x
0 1
e
x
18
13
y
20
15 y = 5x + 3
10
(1, 9)
5
3 2 1 0 1
5
10
y = 5x 4
y = 12 x 2
2
x
0
1
2
x
(2, 1)
713
Answers
y
y = 27 x + 3
15 10 5 0
5
3
(7, 1)
1
0
(5, 3.5)
1.5
0
10 x
6x 4y = 24
10 5 0
5
10 x
y = 2x 10
y
10
5
10 5 0
5
5
9x + 4y = 36
10 20 x
10
y
10
5
y = 0.6x + 0.5
3.5
y
10
5
5x + 30y = 150
30 20 10 0
5
10 x
10
10x + 30y = 150
y
5
answers
(1, 8)
y = 8x
10
n
y
y=x7
6
7
20
y = 5x + 20
(1, 6)
2 a
y 5x 3y = 10
4
4x
2 0
2
4x
5x + 3y = 10
y
4
y
4
4 2 0
2
4x
5
10 5 0
5
5 2x 8y = 20
10
50 x
y = 5x
x
x
0 1
y = 12 x
1
2
0 1
3
5
10 x
y
5
2x + 8y = 20
10 5 0
5 10 x
5
y = 3x
y = 23 x
2
0
0
25
1
y=
x
25x
3B
100 50 0
10
5 0
5
y
20
0 1
y
10 4x + 4y = 40
y
5
4x
10 x
x + 6y = 120
4
5x 3y = 10
y y = 2x
2
4 2 0
2
5x + 3y = 10
3 a
y = 12 x 4
2 0
2
3B
answers
714
Answers
4 a
5
5 10 x
10 5 0
5
2 y = 4x 2
y
5
y = 10
10
10 5 0
5
5 10 x
10
y = 10
26 18 10
14
22
y
30
y = 4x 2
20
y
10
5 10 x
5 0
5
10
10 5 0
5
y
5
50
y
10
10 5 0
5
10 x
y = 35 x 3
x=0
5 x
2
3
4
4 x-intercept =
x = 100 y
10
2 1 0
1
y=0
5 10 x
6x
y
2
1
y = 100
10 5 0
50
5x
10
x = 10
x = 10
y
100
6 4 2 0 2
10
20
30
10
y
10
7
--6
or 1 1--6- , y-intercept = 7
5 x-intercept = 10, y-intercept = 5

y
6
5 0
5
100 50 0
5
10
3y = 2x 16
50 x
10
4x
2
3
4
5
7
12
x-intercept: 0.5; y-intercept: 0.4

x-intercept: 0; y-intercept: 0
x-intercept: 1; y-intercept: 0.5
x-intercept: 7; y-intercept: 3.5
------ 1.77; y-intercept: 4.6
x-intercept: 23
13
1 y = 3x + 1
x
13
10
y
y = 3x + 1
12
9
6
3
4321 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
3
6
y
5
4
3
2
1
y = 12
5 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
10 8 6 4 2 1 0 2
543211 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
2
y = 2
3
4
5
y
x=8
5
4
3
2
1
x
0
108642
1 2 4 6 8 10
2
3
4
5
2
17
9 y = --- x -----3
3
10 y-intercept = 5 2--3- , x-intercept = 8 1--2-
Exercise 3C Finding linear equations

1 a y = 2x + 4
d y = 2x 8
b y = 3x + 12
e y = --12- x + 3
c y = x + 5
f y = --14- x 4
g y = 7x 5
h y = 3x 15
2 a y = 2x b y = 3x c y = --12- x
d y = --34- x
3 a y = 3x + 3
b y = 3x + 4
c y = 4x + 2
d y = 4x + 2
e y = x 4
f y = 0.5x 4
715
Answers
y = 5x + 2.5 h y = 6x + 3 i y = 2.5x + 1.5

y = 3.5x + 6.5
y = 5x 19
b y = 5x + 31
y = 4x 1
d y = 4x 34
y = 3x 35
f y = 3x + 6
y = 2x + 30
h y = 2x 4.5
y = 0.5x 19
j y = 0.5x + 5.5
y=x+3
b y = 2x 1
c y = --12- x + --72-
g
j
4 a
c
e
g
i
5 a
d y = --12- x +
1
--2
e y = 2x 2
Region required
y > x 2
6
y=6x
Region required
y
Region required
y = x 8
y=x3
5
y>x3
0
Exercise 3D Linear modelling
2
4
6
8
10
$17 $34 $51 $68 $85
b Pay = $8.50 number of hours worked

2 a
11
12
b Cost = $3 number of rides + $10

a Price = 40 number of books
b $3560
6 assistants
a Cost = 0.33 number of brochures + 166.66
b $216.67
a Time = 0.005 number of people + 0.5
b 2.75 hours
a Price = 0.1 number of pages 5 b $21.40
a Charge = 160 time b $2240
30 days
a Shipping cost = 2.5 number of CDs + 2.50
b $502.50
39 minutes
a Cost = 0.8 distance + 3.25
b $15.49
c 17.69 km
y
x = 3
y=x8
Region required
x
8
yx8
Rides 0
2
4
6
8
10
Cost $10 $16 $22 $28 $34 $40
7
8
9
10
y<5
Region required
Number of hours 0
Pay
$0
y=5
1 a
3
4
5
x
6
y<6x
y = x 2
answers
x 3
Region required
y 1
0
4
x
y = 1
y<x+4
Region required
x=7
0
0 1
y 2x
Region required
Region required
2 a
y
Region required
y
Region required
5 x+y50
0
2 y = 1 --13- x
4 y = 3x 10
6 1--2-
y = 2x
2
x
x<7
1 y=x+1
3 y = 4x + 2
5 y = 1 2x

1 5 moves
2 There are 6 pairs (a, b): (1, 16), (3, 13), (5, 10), (7, 7),
(9, 4), (11, 1).
3 When the pairs of (a, b) coordinates are plotted, the
points lie on a straight line.
y=x+4
Region required
xy+2<0
2
x
7 y = --12- x + --528 y = 2x
9 C = 2 + 3.5k, where C is the cost to travel
k kilometres.
10 8 km
3 x
0
y < 13 x
4
3
Region required
y 3x 4
4
Region required
Exercise 3E Sketching linear

inequations
1 a
y
Region required
y=x1
y
Region required
y
Region required
y 4 2x
y > 6 4x
y = 2x 1
yx1
0
1
0
1
1
2
Region required
3
2
3C
y < 2x 1
3E
answers
716
Answers
Chapter review
15
2
10
x
0
5y < 2x +15
65
55
45
35
25
15
6 3x 2y 12
Region required
y
9
3
0
2 a
0
3
y+3<0
x
y = 3
5 a i
x
x20
2 0
x
yx+2
y 4 2x
1 0
5
y = 75 x 3
b x-intercept =
40
-----3
(13 1--3- ), y-intercept c = 5
c x-intercept =
21
-----16
5
3
- ), y-intercept c = --(1 ----16
4
2x 3y = 6
0
2
1 0
x
y = 3x
y
x+y+3=0
5x + y = 3
x 2y = 0
x
1 2
2x + y = 0
Cartesian plane, coordinates

infinite
3
y = mx + c
5
intercept
7
undefined
9
modelling
11
half plane
13
broken
15
53
5 a
points
positive, negative
parallel
substituting
inequality
unwanted
reverse
Summary
1
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
3 a x-intercept = 6--7- , y-intercept c = 6
Region required
Region
required
d x-intercept = 5.6, y-intercept c = 2.8

4 a
b
y
y
2 0
2
1
(3, 1)
y
4
2
Region required
(1, 10)
y =23 x + 1
1
0
1
Region required
c C
ii
10
0 1
Region
required
b B
y = 5x + 15
0 1
2
x=2
Region
required
4 a C
(1, 1)
Region
required
y
15
y = 3x 2
2y 3x
10
50
3
2
5 10 x
10 5 0
25
Region required
6x + y > 9
y
50 y = 5x + 15
25
Region required
5 15 25 35
(1, 12 )
0
1
y = 12 x
x
0 1
y = 4x
4
x = 2
7 y=7
2
717
Answers
y
7 (0, 7)
27
Region
required
9 2x + y 9
0
12 x
9
2
y
5
16 4x 3y 48
Region
required
3(y 5) = 6(x + 1)
7 a y = 2x 2
d y = 4x
8 a
c
9 a
c
e y=
y = 3x 4
y = 1--2- x + 5
y = 7x 13
y = 1--2- x + 6
--34b
d
b
d
10 a y = x + 8
x=5
3
-----2
Chapter 4 Quadratic equations
x + 12
Are you ready?
10
12.50
17.50
22.50
27.50
32.50
37.50
7 a
27
-----5
11 a
Number of hours
10
Pay($)
27
54
81
108
135
b Pay = $13.50 number of hours worked

12 a
Rides
y > 12
0
12
y = 2x 5
y=6
y = 3x + 4
-----y = 3--5- x 18
15
b y=
y
Region
required
1 a
c
2 a
c
3 a
c
4 a
c
5 a
6 a
c y= x+
2
--5
Cost($)
b y = x 4 c y = 1--3- x + 2
answers
b Cost = $2.50 number of rides + $12.50

13 a
12x + 20
b 10x2 15x
12x + 8x2
x2 4
b 4x2 12x + 9
2
6x 11x 10
4x(x + 2)
b 3x(5x + 3)
x(6x 1)
(x + 2)(3x + 4)
b (x 1)(4x 1)
(x + 3)(2x + 1)
2 and 3
b 2 and +2 c 3 and 1
1
-----b 2
c 4 1--212
1
--2
b 9
2
--3
x+2
-------------------2( x + 3)
8 a x+3
1
b ---------------------------------( x 3)( x + 7)
9 a 2 6
b 6 3
c 36 3
500
Cost
400
Exercise 4A Expanding algebraic

expressions
300
200
100
0
0
6 8 10 12
Time
b Cost = 22.5 time + 160

14 a
c $435.63
y
Region required
1 yx+1
x
1 0
5 0
Region
required
10
y 2x + 10
y
Region required
y
5
y = 5x
0 1
x
y < 5x
y > 3x 12
0
12
Region
required
x=7
y
1
x7
0
Region
required
2x + 6
b 4x 20
c 21 3x
x 3
e x2 + 2x
f 2x2 8x
15x2 6x
h 10x 15x2 i 8x2 + 2x
4x3 6x2
k 6x3 3x2 l 15x3 + 20x2
2
x x 12
b x2 2x 3 c x2 5x 14
2
x 6x + 5
e x2 x + 6 f x2 6x + 8
2x2 17x + 21 h 3x2 x 2 i 6x2 17x + 5
21 17x + 2x2 k 15 + 14x 8x2
110 + 47x 21x2
2x2 4x 6
b 8x2 28x 16
2
2x + 12x + 14
d 2x3 2x
3x3 75x
f 6x3 54x
2x3 12x2 + 18x
h 5x3 30x2 + 40x
3
2
6x 6x + 120x
x3 + 2x2 x 2
b x3 2x2 5x + 6
x3 5x2 x + 5
d x3 6x2 + 11x 6
3
2
2x 7x 5x + 4
f 6x3 7x2 + 1
2
x x2
b 2x2 + 4x + 10
5x2 6x 5
d 19x 23
5x 1
f 2x + 6
x2 2x 3 + 3 x
h
6 + 2 2x 3 3x 6x 2 5x
6 a A
b C
4A
Region
required
y 21 x + 1
1 a
d
g
j
2 a
d
g
j
l
3 a
c
e
g
i
4 a
c
e
5 a
c
e
g
4A
answers
718
7 a
c
e
g
i
k
8 a
c
e
g
i
9 a
d
g
10 a
c
11 a
Answers
x2 2x + 1
b
x2 + 10x + 25
d
49 14x + x2
f
9x2 6x + 1
h
25x2 + 20x + 4
j
25 40x + 16x2
l
2x2 12x + 18
b
3x2 + 6x + 3
d
49x2 + 14x 1
f
12 + 108x 243x2 h
16x2 16x 4
x2 49
b x2 81
x2 1
e 4x2 9
2
49 x
h 64 x2
(x + 1)(x 3)
b
6 cm, 2 cm, 12 cm2
b
x2 + 4x + 4
16 + 8x + x2
144 24x + x2
144x2 72x + 9
4 12x + 9x2
1 10x + 25x2
4x2 56x + 196
4x2 12x 9
8x2 24x + 18
45 + 330x 605x2
c x2 25
f 9x2 1
i 9 4x2
x2 2x 3
c
e
12 a
d
13
(x + 2) m
(x + 1)(x + 2)
d x2 + 3x + 2
4 m2, 12 m2
(x + 2)2
b 5(x + 2)2 c 5x2 + 20x + 20
500 cm3
e 100 cm2, 100 tiles
Exercise 4B Factorising expressions

with two or four terms
1 a
d
g
2 a
c
e
3 a
c
e
g
i
4 a
c
e
g
i
5 a
6 a
x(x + 3)
b x(x 4) c 3x(x 2)
4x(x + 4)
e 3x(3x 1) f 8x(1 x)
3x(4 x)
h 4x(2 3x) i x(8x 11)
(x 2)(3x + 2)
b (x + 3)(5 2x)
(x 1)(x + 5)
d (x + 1)(x 1)
(x + 4)(x 2)
f (x 3)(4 x)
(x + 1)(x 1)
b (x + 3)(x 3)
(x + 5)(x 5)
d (x + 10)(x 10)
(y + k)(y k)
f (2x + 3y)(2x 3y)
(4a + 7)(4a 7)
h (5p + 6q)(5p 6q)
(1 + 10d)(1 10d)
4(x + 1)(x 1)
b 5(x + 4)(x 4)
a(x + 3)(x 3)
d 2(B + 2D)(B 2D)
100(x + 4)(x 4)
f 3a(x + 7)(x 7)
4p(x + 8)(x 8)
h 4(3x + 2)(3x 2)
3(6 + x)(6 x)
C
b B
c B
(x + 11 )(x 11 ) b (x + 7 )(x 7 )
c (x +
15 )(x
e (3x + 19 )(3x
g 5(x +
i
7 a
c
e
g
i
8 a
c
e
9 a
c
3 )(x
15 ) d (2x +
13 )(2x
13 )
3(x +
22 )(x
22 )
19 )f
3)
h 2(x +
2 )(x
11
12
(x + 1) m
xm
10
2)
12(x + 3 )(x 3 )
(x 3)(x + 1)
b (x 4)(x + 6)
(x 5)(x + 1)
d (x 1)(x + 7)
(6 x)(x + 8)
f (10 x)(x + 2)
8(x 3)
h (7 x)(5x + 1)
(x 22)(9x + 2)
(x 5)(x + 5)
b (x 5) cm, (x + 5) cm
2 cm, 12 cm
d 24 cm2
2
120 cm or 6 times bigger
r metres
b (r + 1) m
A1 = r2 m2
d A2 = (r + 1)2 m2
e
f
a
c
e
g
i
k
a
c
e
a
c
e
a
b
c
d
e
A = (r + 1)2 r2 = (2r + 1) m2
34.56 m2
(x 2y)(1 + a)
b (x + y)(2 + a)
(x y)(a + b)
d (x + y)(4 + z)
( f 2)(e + 3)
f (n 7)(m + 1)
3(2r s)(t + u)
h 7(m 3)(n + 5)
2(8 j)(4 + k)
j a(3 b)(a + c)
x(5 + y)(x + 2)
l m(m + n)(2 n)
(y + 7)(x 2)
b (m + 2)(n 3)
(q + 5)(p 3)
d (s + 3)(s 4t)
(b + d)(a2 c)
f (1 + 5z)(xy z)
(a b)(a + b + 4)
b (p q)(p + q 3)
(m + n)(m n + l)
d (x + y)(7 + x y)
(1 2q)(5p + 1 + 2q) f (7g + 6h)(7g 6h 4)
(x + 7 + y)(x + 7 y)
(x + 10 + y)(x + 10 y)
(a 11 + b)(a 11 b)
(3a + 2 + b)(3a + 2 b)
(5p 4t + 3t)(5p 4t 3t)
f ( 6t 1 + 5v ) ( 6t 1 5v )
b A
c D
14 a E
Exercise 4C Factorising expressions

with three terms
1 a
c
e
g
i
k
m
o
2 a
c
e
g
i
k
3 a
c
e
g
i
k
4 a
5 a
c
e
g
i
k
6 a
c
e
g
i
k
7 a
c
8 a
c
e
(x + 2)(x + 1)
(x + 8)(x + 2)
(x 3)(x + 1)
(x 12)(x + 1)
(x + 4)(x 1)
(x + 7)(x 1)
(x 3)(x 1)
(x + 14)(x 5)
2(x + 9)(x + 1)
(x + 2)(x + 1)
(x + 2)(x + 5)
(x + 3)(x + 4)
2(x + 2)(x + 5)
5(x + 20)(x + 1)
(a 7)(a + 1)
(b + 4)(b + 1)
(p 16)(p + 3)
(k + 19)(k + 3)
(g + 8)(g 9)
(x + 16)(x 2)
C
(2x + 1)(x + 2)
(4x + 3)(x 5)
(x 7)(2x + 5)
(3x 7)(2x 1)
(5x + 3)(2x 3)
(3x + 2)(4x 1)
2(x 1)(2x + 3)
12(2x + 1)(3x 1)
30(2x 3)(x 1)
2(4x 3)(x 2)
(8x 1)(3x 4)
5(2x 7y)(3x + 2y)
w2 + 5w 6
(x + 5)(x 2)
x(x + 5)
(x 1)2
(x 15)(x 6)
b
d
f
h
j
l
n
(x + 3)(x + 1)
(x + 4)2
(x 4)(x + 1)
(x 6)(x + 2)
(x + 5)(x 1)
(x + 5)(x 2)
(x 4)(x 5)
b
d
f
h
j
l
b
d
f
h
j
l
b
b
d
f
h
j
l
b
d
f
h
j
l
b
3(x + 2)(x + 1)
(x + 10)(x + 1)
(x + 12)(x + 1)
(x + 2)(x + 6)
3(x + 1)(x + 10)
5(x + 4)(x + 5)
(t 4)(t 2)
(m + 5)(m 3)
(c + 16)(c 3)
(s 19)(s + 3)
(v 25)(v 3)
(x 15)(x 4)
B
(2x 1)(x 1)
(2x 1)(2x + 3)
(3x + 1)(x + 3)
(4x 7)(3x + 2)
(4x 1)(5x + 2)
(3x 1)(5x + 2)
3(3x + 1)(x 7)
3(3x + 1)(2x 1)
3a(4x 7)(2x + 5)
(2x 7)(5x + 2)
2(3x y)(2x + y)
12(5x + 3y)(10x + 7y)
(w + 6)(w 1)
b x(x + 5)
d (x + 9)(x + 5)
f (x 10)(x 3)
Answers
9 a (x 5)(x + 1)
b x5
c x = 15
d 160 cm2
e 3000(x 5)(x + 1) cm2
or (3000x2 12 000x 15 000) cm2

1 a 173
b The pattern is based on the difference of two
squares rule:
a2 b2 = (a + b)(a b). The factor (a b) is 1 in
each case, so a2 b2 = a + b.
2 Numbers that are 2 or 4 more than a multiple of 6 are
even and so cannot be prime. Any number which is 3
more than a multiple of 6 will be divisible by 3 and
hence not prime. So that only leaves 1 more or 1 less
than a multiple of 6 for the prime numbers. The two
exceptions are 2 and 3.
Exercise 4D Factorising by
completing the square
1 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
2 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
x2 + 10x + 25 = (x + 5)2
x2 + 6x + 9 = (x + 3)2
x2 4x + 4 = (x 2)2
x2 + 16x + 64 = (x + 8)2
x2 20x + 100 = (x 10)2
x2 + 8x + 16 = (x + 4)2
x2 14x + 49 = (x 7)2
x2 + 50x + 625 = (x + 25)2
x2 2x + 1 = (x 1)2
(x 2 + 11 )(x 2 11 )
(x + 1 + 3 )(x + 1 3 )
(x 5 + 13 )(x 5 13 )
(x + 3 + 19 )(x + 3 19 )
(x + 8 + 65 )(x + 8 65 )
(x 7 + 6 )(x 7 6 )
(x + 4 + 7 )(x + 4 7 )
(x 2 + 17 )(x 2 17 )
(x 6 + 11 )(x 6 11 )
3 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
2(x + 1 +
4(x 1 +
5(x + 3 + 2
3(x 2 +
5(x 3 +
6(x + 2 +
3(x + 5 + 2
2(x 2 +
6(x + 3 +
3 ) (x + 1 3 )
6 ) (x 1 6 )
2 ) (x + 3 2 2 )
17 ) (x 2 17 )
7 ) (x 3 7 )
5 ) (x + 2 5 )
3 ) (x + 5 2 3 )
11 ) (x 2 11 )
14 ) (x + 3 14 )
4 a (x
1
--2
5
------4
)(x
b (x
3
--2
21
---------2
c (x +
1
--2
d (x +
3
--2
1
--2
)(x
3
--2
21
---------2
)(x +
13
---------2
e (x +
5
--2
f (x +
g (x
5
------4
)
)
1
--2
21
---------2
)(x +
3
--2
13
---------2
17
---------2
)(x +
5
--2
17
---------2
5
--2
33
---------2
)(x +
5
--2
33
---------2
7
--2
53
---------2
)(x
7
--2
53
---------2
9
--2
29
---------2
)(x
9
--2
29
---------2
i (x
1
--2
13
---------2
)(x
1
--2
13
---------2
5 a B
b E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
8x2 20x + 12
7x2 42x 63
4x2 49
6x(4x2 3)
2(7x 6y)(7x + 6y)
(x 2)(4x + y)
(x 11)(x + 2)
(3x + 5)(2x + 3)
2(2x + 1)(x 7)
10 (x + 3 + 2 7)(x + 3 2 7)
Exercise 4E Mixed factorisation

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
40
42
44
3(x + 3)
2
(x + 6)(x 6)
4
(5x + 1)(x 2)
6
(c + e)(5 + d)
8
(x + 5)(x + 1)
10
(m + 1)(n + 1)
12
4x(4x 1)
14
3(3 y)(x + 2)
16
4(x2 + 2)
18
(x + 5 )(x 5 )
20
(x + 5)(x + 1)
22
(x + 2)(x 2)
24
(y + 1)(x 1)
26
7(x + 2)(x 2)
28
(2 + r)(p s)
30
(u + v)(t 3)
32
(4x 1)(3x 1)
34
(x + 6)(x 2)
36
3(x + 2)(x + 8)
38
4(3 x + 2y)(3 x 2y)
3(y + x)(y x)
41
(3x 4y)(x 2y)
43
(x + 2)(x 5)
45
(x +2 +3y)(x + 2 3y)
(x + 7)(x 7)
5(3x 4y)
5(x + 4)(x 4)
(x + 4)(x 3)
(x + 7 )(x 7 )
5(x + 10)(x + 2)
(x 4 + y)(x 4 y)
(g + h)( f + 2)
5(n + 1)(2m 1)
(x + 1)(x 11)
(a + b)(c 5)
(3x + 2)(x + 1)
4(x + 6)(x + 1)
3(x + 3)(x 3)
(x + 11 )(x 11 )
(x + 1)(x 3)
4(x 1)(x + 4)
(3 + x)(7 x)
4(x + 2)
(x + 7)(x + 4)
2(2x + 3)(x + 2)
( x + 5)( x 2) ( x + 2)( x + 2)
46 a ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------( x + 2)( x 2) ( x 4)( x + 2)
( x + 5)( x 2) ( x + 2)( x + 2)
b ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------( x + 2)( x 2) ( x 4)( x + 2)
x+5
c -----------x4
x1
47 a ----------x6
18
c ------------------x( x 5)
x+2
e -----------x+5
4(b + 2)
g -------------------5
5(m + 2 + n)
i ------------------------------2 ( 2m 5 )
x+1
b --------------2x + 3
2x 1
d --------------x+4
x6
f -----------x+3
p( p + 7)
h ----------------------------------( p + 3)( p 2)
5 ( d 3 + 5e )
j -------------------------------4 ( 4d + 3 )
4B
21
---------2
h (x
719
answers
4E
answers
720
Answers
17 a l = 2x
b
Exercise 4F Solving quadratic

equations
1 a 7, 9
e 0, 1
i --12- , --12-
b 2, 3
c 2, 3
f 5, 0
g 0, 3
j 1.2, 0.5
k 0.1, 0.75 l 2 , 3
2 a 1--2- , 1
b 2, 2--3- c
e
3
--5
h 0,
2
--3
1
--- ,
2
--58- ,
f
--25- i
2
--3
e 0, 1 --12-
0, 3,
1--5- ,
11
- ,
--------3
5 a
e
i
6 a
1
--5
d 2--3- , 0
c 0, 7
g 0,
4, 4
3
-, 0
h -----3
7
------2
k 5,
b 4, 2
f 1, 4
j 3, 7
b 2--3- , 1
3
-, 1
e ----14
1
--4
h 1 3--4- , 1 1--3- i
l
2--5- ,
2,2
c 3 +
c
g
k
c
1, 7
5
5, 6
2, 1--5-
1
--2
d 3, 5
h 2, 5
l 3, 4
d 1--3- , 1 1--2-
4m
b (2 + x) m, (4 + x) m c (2 + x)(4 + x) = 24
d x = 2, 4 m wide, 6 m long
20 a (l 4) cm
b l 8, l 4
c (l 8)(l 4) = 620 d 31 cm
e 836 cm2
Exercise 4G Using the quadratic

formula
1 a
c
e
g
h
i
b 1 +
10 , 3
10 d
k 2--5- ,
1
--6
g 1 +
h 2 +
6 , 1
2 +
15 , 2
8 a
3
--2
5
------2
7
--2
33
---------2
11
-----2
g 3--2- +
9
--2
3
--2
3 , 1
1+
3,1
b 5--2- +
33
---------2
1
--2
117
------------2
11
-----2
1--2- +
5
--2
65
---------2
9
--2
3
--2
10
15
5
------2
7
--2
10 ,2
37
---------2
4+ 2 3, 4 2 3
117
------------2
37
---------2
29
---------2
21
---------2
5
------2
37
---------2
, 5--2-
1
--2
21
---------2
, 1--2-
,
5
--2
29
---------2
5
------2
37
---------2
65
---------2
9 a 3, 1
b 4.24, 0.24 c 1, 3
d 0.73, 2.73 e 0.38, 2.62
f 0.30, 3.30
g 1.19, 4.19 h 2.30, 1.30 i 2.22, 0.22
10 No real solutions when we complete the square
we get the sum of two squares, not the difference of
two squares and we cannot factorise the expression.
11 8 and 9 or 8 and 9
12 6 and 8, 6 and 8
13 9 or 10
14 2 or 2 2--315 8 or
10 1--2-
16 6 seconds
a = 3, b = 4, c = 1
b a = 7, b = 12, c = 2
a = 8, b = 1, c = 3 d a = 1, b = 5, c = 7
a = 5, b = 5, c = 1 f a = 4, b = 9, c = 3
a = 12, b = 29, c = 103
a = 43, b = 81, c = 24
a = 6, b = 15, c = 1
3 13
b ----------------------2
2 a 1
1 1--2- , 2 2--3-
e 5+ 2 6, 5 2 6
g 1 1--3- , 2 1--2-
1
--3
2x cm
c x2 + (2x)2 = 452, 5x2 = 2025

d Length 40 cm, width 20 cm
18 8 m, 6 m
19 a
d 2
3, 4
7 a 2+
d 7, 7
h --12- , --12-
11
---------3
2, 3
1
2, 6
1--2- , 3
x cm
2m
i 0, 1 --144 a 2, 2
b 5, 5
c 2, 2
e 1 --13- , 1 --13- f 2 --12- , 2 --12- g --23- , --23i
cm
2
--5
1
--3
0,
d 6--7- , 1 1--2-
,7
g 0, --12- , 3
b 5, 0
3 a 0, 2
1
--4
45
d 0, 3
h 2, 0
13
9 73
g ------------------h
2
1 21
j ------------------k
2
3 a 0.54, 1.87 b
d 0.61, 0.47 e
g 1.23, 1.90 h
j 0.64, 1.31 k
m 0.08, 5.92
n
4 C
5 a 0.5, 3
b
d 0.382, 2.618 e
g No real solution
i 4.162, 2.162 j
l No real solution
n --12- , --13o
5 17
------------------2
7 45
------------------2
1 2 3
32 3
4 31
1 4 2
c
f
i
l
o
4.11, 0.61
0.16, 6.34
0.83, 0.91
1.45, 1.20
0.33, 2
5 33
------------------2
1.20, 1.45
0.14, 1.46
1, 1.14
0.35, 0.26
0.68, 0.88
0, 5
c 1, 3
0.298, 6.702 f 2, 4
h 1, 8
2, 1
k 7, 1.5
m 2, 7
No real solution
6 a 2 r2 + 14 r 231 = 0
c 154 cm2
b 3.5 cm
1 7, 2
2 12, 3
3 0, 1 2--3-
4 11
3--4-
1 2--3-
7 2 10
9 1 1--2- ,
1
--2
6 3 2
1 13
8 ------------------2
10 2.193, 3.193
Answers
Exercise 4H Finding solutions to

quadratic equations by inspecting
graphs
1 a x = 2, x = 3
b x = 1, x = 10
c x = 5, x = 5
d x=2
e x = 1, x = 4
f x 1.4, x 4.4
g x = 25, x = 10
h x=0
i x 2.3, x 1.3
j x 1.5, x = 1
2 aj: Confirm by substitution of above values into
quadratic equations.
3 150 m
4 7m
Exercise 4I Using the discriminant
11 b 0
c 169
d 0
e 37
0
g 52
h 7
i 4
j 109
129
l 1
No real solutions
b 1 rational solution
2 rational solutions
d 1 rational solution
2 irrational solutions f 1 rational solution
2 irrational solutions h No real solutions
No real solutions
j 2 irrational solutions
2 irrational solutions l 2 rational solutions
No real solutions
b 2 1--2-
1 a
f
k
2 a
c
e
g
i
k
3 a
c 11, 2
d 2--3-
3 37
e ----------------------- 4.541, 1.541
2
1
--5
h No real solutions
1 13
g ------------------- 0.869, 1.535
3
i No real solutions
5 109
-------------------------- 2.573, 0.907
6
7 129
-------------------------- 4.589, 1.089
4
a = 3, b = 2, c = 7
b 80
No real solutions
a = 6, b = 1, c = 3
b 73
j
k
4 a
c
5 a
c 2 real solutions
Chapter review
1 a 3x2 12x
b 21x2 7x
c x2 6x 7
d 2x2 11x + 15
e 12x2 23x + 5
f 6x2 3x 84
g 2x3 + 15x2 8x 105 h 3x2 5x + 65
i 5x2 + 12x 3
2 a x2 14x + 49
b 4 4x + x2
c 9x2 + 6x + 1
d 18x2 + 24x 8
e 28x2 140x 175
f 160x2 + 400x 250
g x2 81
h 9x2 1
i 25 4x2
3 a 2x(x 4)
b 4x(x 3)
c ax(3 2x)
d (x + 1)(x + 2)
e 2(2x 5)(4 x)
f (x 4)(x + 1)
4 a (x + 4)(x 4)
b (x + 5)(x 5)
c 2(x + 6)(x 6)
d 3(x + 3y)(x 3y)
e 4a(x + 2y)(x 2y)
f (x 1)(x 7)
5 a (x y)(a + b)
b (x + y)(7 + a)
c (x + 2)(y + 5)
d (1 + 2q)(mn q)
e (5r + 1)(pq r)
f (v 1)(u + 9)
g (a b)(a + b + 5)
h (d 2c)(d + 2c 3)
i (1 + m)(3 m)
6 a (2x + 3 + y)(2x + 3 y)
b (7a 2 + 2b)(7a 2 2b)
c ( 8s 1 + 3t ) ( 8s 1 3t )
7 a (x + 9)(x + 1)
b (x 9)(x 2)
c (x 7)(x + 3)
d (x + 7)(x 4)
e (x 3)2
f 3(x + 13)(x 2)
g 2(x 5)(x + 1)
h 3(x 6)(x 2)
i (4x 1)(2x + 1)
j (3x 1)(2x + 1)
k 4(2x + 3)(x 1)
l 5(7x 3)(3x + 1)
m 2(3x 5)(2x 7)
n 3(3x 1)(5x + 2)
o 30(2x + 3)(x + 3)
8 (3x + 4) m
9 a (x + 3 + 2 2 )(x + 3 2 2 )
l 5, 6
1 73
d ------------------12
6 A

1 220
2 132
3 10, 11, 13, 18, 35
4 6, 22
5 If x = a2 + b2, then 2x = 2a2 + 2b2.
This can be written as (a2 2ab + b2) +
(a2 + 2ab + b2) or (a b)2 + (a + b)2.
Summary
1
3
5
7
8
9
10
11
721
answers
expansion
2 FOIL
perfect
4 Factorisation
common factor
6 quadratic
difference
coefficient, factor pair, grouping
square
Null Factor, quadratic formula
discriminant
12 x-intercepts
b (x 5 + 2 7 )(x 5 2 7 )
c (x + 2 +
d
(x
e (x +
f
10 a
b
c
e
11 a
12 a
e
i
13 a
5
--2
7
--2
+
+
6 )(x + 2
17
---------2
53
---------2
)(x
)(x +
7
--2
85
9
- )(x + --2(x + 9--2- + --------2
2
3x(x 4)
(x + 3 + 7 )(x + 3
(2x + 5)(2x 5)
(a + 2)(2x + 3)
2( x + 4)
-------------------b --785( x + 1)
5, 3 b 6, 1
5, 2
f 4, 7
7, 5
2, 6 b 2, 1
e --12- , 4
i 7, 1--2-
--23- , 2
6)
5
--2
17
---------2
53
---------2
85
---------2
7)
d (2x + 5)(x + 2)
f 3(x 2)(x + 3)
( x 2)( x 1)
c --------------------------------x( x 4)
c 8, 3
d 2, 6
g 3, 1
h 5, 6
c
1
--2
, 3
g 2, 1
d 2, 7
h
5
--2
4F
14 a 4 17
b 1 6 c 1, 1--415 4
16 a 0.651, 1.151
b 0.760, 0.188
c 0.441, 0.566
5
--3
4I
answers
722
Answers
17 a 0.571, 0.682
b 0.216, 3.836
c 0.632, 0.632
18 3, 7
19 3, 1
20 a 2 irrational solutions b 2 rational solutions
c No real solutions
5 Adding a number raises the graph of y = x2 vertically

that number of units. Subtracting a number lowers
the graph of y = x2 vertically that number of units.
6 a
y
20
(5, 16) y = (x
16
+ 1)2
12
Chapter 5 Quadratic graphs
8
4
Are you ready?
b 16
c 38
b x=3
c x = 3--2- or x = 1.5
2
7
3
(x + 1)2 + 1 b x --- + --- c 2(x 1)2 + 4
4
2
2 2
1 5
1 7
1
+ 7------------------b ---------------- c ---------------- = -----------------2
2
3
3
x = 2 or x = 3
b x = 1 or x = 2
x = 2 or x = 2
x = 1--2- or x = 2
b x = 2 or x = 1--3-
1 a 0
2 a x = 2
3 a
4 a
5 a
c
6 a
c x=
or x =
3
--2
y = x2
x = 0, (0, 0)
4
2
0 12345 x
8 a
(0, 0)
x
y = 3x2
b
y
30
25
20
15
10
5
y = 4 x2
2
1
3 21 0 1 2 3 x
3 21 0 1 2 3 x
y
10
y
12
10 y = x2 + 3
8
y = x2 + 1
2 (0, 3)
3210 1 2 3
3210 1 2 3
x = 0, (0, 1), 1
c
x = 0, (0, 3), 3
d
y y = x2 1
y = x2 3
0
1 1 2 3 4 5 x
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
x = 0, (0, 1), 1
x = 1, (1, 0), 1
y = (x 1)2
y = (x +
10
2)2
12
x = 2, (2, 0), 4
x = 0, (0, 3), 3
321 1 2 3 x
2
x = 0, (0, 1), 1
y = x2 3
x = 0, (0, 3), 3
9 The negative sign inverts the graph of y = x2.

The graphs with the same turning points are:
y = x2 + 1 and y = x2 + 1; y = (x 1)2 and
y = (x 1)2; y = (x + 2) and y = (x + 2)2;
y = x2 3 and y = x2 3.
They differ in that the first graph is upright while the
second graph is inverted.
10 a y
x = 5, (5, 1), min, 26
y = (x 5)2 + 1
26
y
0 12345 x
2
6 4 2 0 1 x
2
(0, 1)
3210 1 2 3
2
321 01 2 3 4 x
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 y = x2 + 1
x = 0, (0, 0)
x = 0, (0, 0)
3 Placing a number greater than 1 in front of x2 makes
the graph thinner. Placing a number greater than 0
but less than 1 in front of x2 makes the graph wider.
0 12345 x
4 321 1 2 3
2
y
2
10 y = (x 1)
8
6
4
2
x = 1, (1, 0), 1
4 a
y
2
10 y = (x 2)
8
6
7 Adding a number moves the graph of y = x2

horizontally to the left by that number of units.
Subtracting a number moves the graph of y = x2
horizontally to the right by that number of units.
2 x
x = 2, (2, 0), 4
x = 2, (2, 0), 4
10
2 a
6 4 2 0
x = 1, (1, 0), 1
2
--3
Exercise 5A Plotting parabolas

1
(1, 4)
654321 01 2 x
y
y = (x + 2)2
16
12
8
4
1
0 12 3 4 5 6
Answers
y = 2(x + 2)2 3
x = 2, (2, 3), min, 5
16
12
8
4
c The equation of the axis of symmetry can be

found from the x-coordinate of the turning point.
That is, x = b.
12 C
13 B
14 C
15 A
16 a h
x = 3, (3, 4), max, 5
y
4
3
2
1
0 123456
2
3
4
5
0 1234567 8
x
10
15
20
x = 2, (2, 9), min, 5
6 4 2 0
5
10
x = 1, (1, 16), max, 15
y
40
30
20
10
6 4 2 0
y = x2 2x + 15
2
10
4 x
20
x = 1, (1, 27), max, 24
y = 3x2 6x + 24 y
25
20
15
10
5
6 4 2 5 0 2 x
10
15
20
25
y
20 y = (x 2)2 + 1
x = 2, (2, 1) min, 5
16
12
8
4
2 0
ii Yes, by 3 m
iii 1.5 s iv 3 s
Exercise 5B Sketching parabolas

using the basic graph of y = x2
y = 3(x 1)2 + 2
y
y = x2 + 4x 5
10
5
1 2 3
b i 18 m
25
ii 8 s
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
x = 1, (1, 2), max, 1
y
5
2 0
5
b i 16 m
17 a
h
y = (x 3)2 + 4
h = (t 4)2 + 16
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
8 6 4 2 0
4
723
answers
Narrower, TP (0, 0)
b Wider, (0, 0)
Narrower, TP (0, 0)
d Narrower, TP (0, 0)
Wider, TP (0, 0)
f Wider, TP (0, 0)
Narrower, TP (0, 0)
h Narrower, TP (0, 0)
Vertical 3 up, TP (0, 3)
Vertical 1 down, TP (0, 1)
Vertical 7 down, TP (0, 7)
Vertical 1--4- up, TP (0, 1--4- )
e
f
g
h
3 a
b
c
d
e
Vertical 1--2- down, TP (0, 1--2- )

Vertical 0.14 down, TP (0, 0.14)
Vertical 2.37 up, TP (0, 2.37)
Vertical 3 up, TP (0, 3 )
Horizontal 1 right, (1, 0)
Horizontal 2 right, (2, 0)
Horizontal 10 left, (10, 0)
Horizontal 4 left, (4, 0)
Horizontal --12- right, ( --12- , 0)
f
g
h
4 a
d
g
5 a
c
e
g
i
k
6 a
Horizontal 1--5- left, ( 1--5- , 0)

Horizontal 0.25 left, (0.25, 0)
Horizontal 3 left, ( 3 , 0)
(0, 1), max
b (0, 3), min c (2, 0), max
(0, 0), min
e (0, 4), max f (0, 0), max
(5, 0), min
h (0, 1) min
Narrower, min
b Narrower, max
Wider, min
d Wider, max
Narrower, max
f Wider, min
Narrower, min
h Wider, max
Narrower, min
j Narrower, max
Narrower, min
l Narrower, max
i Horizontal translation 1 left
y y = (x + 1)2
ii (1, 0)
iii
y = x2
(1, 0) 0
5A
11 a If the x2 term is positive, the parabola has a

minimum turning point. If the x2 term is negative,
the parabola has a maximum turning point.
b If the equation is of the form y = a(x b)2 + c,
the turning point has coordinates (b, c).
1 a
c
e
g
2 a
b
c
d
5B
answers
724
Answers
b i Reflected, narrower (dilation)

ii (0, 0)
iii
y
ii (0, 0)
iii
y = 5x2
y = x2
y = x2
x
(0, 0)
x
0
2
y = 3x
i i Reflected, vertical translation 2 up

ii (0, 2)
iii
y
y = x2
(0, 2)
c i Vertical translation 1 up
ii (0, 1)
iii
0
y = x2 + 1
y = x2 + 2
j i Reflected, horizontal translation 6 right

ii (6, 0)
iii
y
y = x2
y = x2
(0, 1)
x
(6, 0)
x
d i Wider (dilation)
ii (0, 0)
iii
y = x2
y = (x 6)2
y = 13 x2
k i Reflected, vertical translation 4 down

ii (0, 4)
iii
y
y = x2
(0, 0)
x
y = x2 4
e i Vertical translation 3 down

ii (0, 3)
iii
y
y = x2
l i Reflected, horizontal translation 1 left

y=
x2
ii (1, 0)
iii
y = x2
0
(0, 3)
(1, 0)
f i Horizontal translation 4 right

ii (4, 0)
iii
y
y = (x 4)2
y = x2
y = (x + 1)2
m i Narrower (dilation), horizontal translation 1 left,

vertical translation 4 down
0
g i Reflected, wider (dilation)

ii (0, 0)
iii
y
(0, 0)
h i Narrower (dilation)
(4, 0)
ii (1, 4)
iii
y = x2
y = x2
x
y = 2(x + 1)2 4
y = 2 x2
5
(1, 4)
Answers
n i Wider (dilation), horizontal translation 3 right,

vertical translation 2 up
ii (3, 2)
iii
(3, 2)
1
y = 2 (x 3)2 +2
y = x2
o i Wider (dilation), reflected, horizontal translation

2 left, vertical translation 1--4- up
ii (2, 1--4- )
iii
y = x2
725
i (3, 5)
ii Min
iii Narrower
i (1, 1)
ii Max
iii Same
i (2, 4)
ii Min
iii Narrower
i (3, 2)
ii Min
iii Wider
i (1, 7)
ii Max
iii Wider
i ( 1--5- , 1--2- )
ii Min
iii Wider
2
b y = (x 2) + 3
B e y = x2 + 1
f y = (x + 1)2 3
D d y = (x + 2)2 + 3
2
c y=x 1
F a y = (x 1)2 3
A
b C
c B
d C
e B
i 3
ii 3, 1
i 12
ii 2
i 18
ii No x-intercepts
i 5
ii 1, 5
i 4
ii No x-intercepts
i 4
ii 3 5 , 3 + 5
(approx. 5.24, 0.76)
6 a i (4, 2)
ii Min
iii Same width
iv 18
v No x-intercepts
vi
y
y = (x 4)2 + 2
2 a
b
c
d
e
f
3 A
C
E
4 a
5 a
b
c
d
e
f
answers
18
(2, 14 )
x
(4, 2)
x
0 12 34
b i (3, 4)
iv 5
y
vi
y = 13 (x + 2)2 + 4
p i Narrower (dilation), reflected, horizontal

translation 1 right, vertical translation --32- down
ii (1, --32- )
iii
y
y = x2
ii Min
v 1, 5
iii Same width
y = (x 3)2 4
5
x
0 1 2 3 45
4
(3, 4)
ii Min
iii Same width
c i (1, 2)
iv 3
v No x-intercepts
vi y = (x + 1)2 + 2 y
0 (1, 3 )
2
x
y = 74 (x 1)2 32
(1, 2)
3
2
1
1 0
7 a 10 cm
b 5 cm
c 5 cm
d y = (x 5)2
Exercise 5C Sketching parabolas in

turning point form
1 a
c
e
g
i
(1, 2), min

(1, 1), min
(5, 3), max
(2, 8), max
(8, 2), max
(2, 1), min

(2, 3), max
(2, 6), min
(3, 2), min
( 1--2- , 3--4- ), min
l (0.3, 0.4), min

n (2, 5) max
d i (2, 3)
ii Min
iii Same width
iv 7
v No x-intercepts
vi y = (x + 2)2 + 3 y
7
3
(2, 3) 2
1
2 1 0
e i (5, 3)
iv 22
v 5
3 , 5 +
ii Min
iii Same width
3 (approx. 6.73, 3.27)
5C
k ( 1--3- , 2--3- ), min

m (1.6, 2.7), min
o (7, 2), max
b
d
f
h
j
5C
answers
726
vi
Answers
vi
y = (x + 5)2 3
y
(2, 1)
22
x
0
1
2 +
3
1
2
3
5 + 3
11
y = 3(x + 2)2 + 1
0x
(5, 3)
5 3
ii Min
iii Same width
i (1, 1)
iv 2
v No x-intercepts
vi y = (x + 1)2 + 1 y
7 a $1.90
d $1.40
b $1
e p ($)
c 3 pm
1.9
1.4
1.0
2
(1, 1) 1
1 0
t (Hours
after 12 pm.)
1
ii Max
iii Same width
g i (1, 2)
iv 1
v 1 2 , 1 + 2 (approx. 0.41, 2.41)
y
vi
y = x2
(1, 2)
1 2 2
1
1+ 2
1 0
y = (x 1)2 + 2
h i (2, 3)
iv 7
vi
ii Max
iii Same width
v No x-intercepts
y = x2 + 4
2
(2, 3)
3
0
x
y = (x 1)2
y = (x + 2)2 3
i (3, 2)
iv 11
vi
ii Max
iii Same width
v No x-intercepts
y
3 2 1 0
2
x
0
(3, 2)
11
y = 14 x2
y = (x + 3)2 2
i (1, 3)
iv 5
vi
y
ii Min
iii Narrower
v No x-intercepts
y = 2(x 1)2 + 3
5
(1, 3)
0
k i (2, 1)
ii Max
iii Narrower
iv 11
1
1
v 2 ------- , 2 + ------- (approx. 2.58, 1.42)
3
3
y
y = (x + 2)2 4
2 0
2
(2, 4)
y = x2
(2, 4)
Minimum
0
4, 0
6
7
8
9
10
Answers

1 There is more than one correct answer. One possible
answer is shown.
727
5 21
d y = (x --52- )2 5 --14- , x-intercepts are ------------------2
( 0.2, 4.8)
y
2
y = x 5x + 1
1
0
2 There is more than one correct answer. One possible

answer is shown.
answers
2 2
(2 12 , 5 14)
5 29
e y = (x + 5--2- )2 + 7 1--4- , x-intercepts are ----------------------2
( 5.2, 0.2)
y
3 21%
(212 , 714 )
Exercise 5D Sketching parabolas of

the form y = ax2 + bx + c
1 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
y = (x + 2)2 6, (2, 6)
y = (x + 6)2 40, (6, 40)
y = (x 4)2 10, (4, 10)
y = (x 1)2 + 11, (1, 11)
y = (x 2)2 2, (2, 2)
y = (x 2)2 6, (2, 6)
y = (x + 3--2- )2 5--4- , ( 3--2- , 5--4- )
h y = (x +
i
y = (x +
1 2
--- )
2
,
9
--4
7 2
41
--- ) -----2
4
2
( 1--2,
( 7--2-
9--4,
1 0
2 2
y = x2 5x + 1
y = (x 1--2- )2 2 3--4- , no x-intercepts

y
0
----- 41
4
714
j y = 2(x + 1) + 6, (1, 6)
k y = 3(x 2)2 6, (2, 6)
l y = 5(x 3)2 20, (3, 20)
1
2
( 12, 2 34)
y = x2 + x 3
2 a y = (x + 1) 6, x-intercepts are 1
1.4) y = x2 + 2x 5 y
2
6 ( 3.4,
3 41
g y = (x + --32- )2 + 10 --14- , x-intercepts are ----------------------2
( 4.7, 1.7)
1
1
y
(1 2 , 10 4)
8
1 6
1 0
x
1 + 6
1 0
1 2
5
(1, 6) 6
y = x2 3x + 8
b y = (x 3--2- )2 + 4 3--4- , no x-intercepts
h y = (x + 1)2 10, no x-intercepts
y y = x2 3x + 7
y
1 0
(1, 10)
11
7
(112 , 4 34)
0
y = x2 2x 11
1 13
c y = (x + 1--2- )2 3 1--4- , x-intercepts are ----------------------2
( 2.3, 1.3) y = x2 + x 3 y
y = 2(x + 1)2 20, x-intercepts are 1

( 4.2, 2.2)
y
y = 2x2 + 4x 18
1 0
1
10
18
(1, 20)
5D
(12, 3 14)
5D
answers
728
j
Answers
1 17
y = 3(x + 1--2- )2 12 3--4- , x-intercepts are ----------------------2
( 2.6, 1.6)
y
y
0
y = 3x2 + 3x 12
1
y = x2 + 4x 5
(2, 9)
12
( 1, 12 3)
2
4 a
y
y = 2x2 17x 9
9 x
k y = 5(x 1)2 30, no x-intercepts

y
0
0
9
y = 3x2 23x + 14
7 x
02
y
14
(4 14, 45 18)
30
35
y = 5x2 + 27x + 10
y = 5x2 + 10x 35
y = 7(x +
1 2
--- )
2
( 3.2, 2.2)
50 3--4-
x
25 0
(1 3 , 10 18 )
(2 3 , 36 18 )
4
21
y = x2 12x + 32
1 0
3 0
7 x
2
y = 2x2 + 11x + 21
y = 2x2 + 7x + 4
12
24
12
g
( 1, 12 1)
1)
7 , 5
(
32
0
y = 7x2 7x + 49
0 1
9)
7 , 26
(2
20
10
y = 6x2 + 7x 3
y = x2 + x 12
y
10
1 29
, x-intercepts are ----------------------2
y
( 1, 50 3) 49
2
3 a
1)
(3 56, 30
12
(1, 30)
8
(6, 4)
5
1
(
12, 724)
31
25
(1
36, 4872)
y = x2 8x 9
1 0
y
3
4 2 0
(4, 25)
x
3
2
2
y = 6x + 5x + 6
(3, 1)
x
0 2
7
2
14 9
2
y = 18x + 67x 14
y = 2x2 7x + 8
y = x2 6x 8
(3, 36) y
y (1, 36)
35
(134 , 178 )
27
0 3
9
y = x2 6x + 27
y = x2 x + 2
0
5
y = x2 + 2x + 35
7 x
5 a B
6 a iv
e i
7 a
b C
b vii
f viii
h
2500
(25, 2500)
50
c vi
g ii
b h=0
d iii
h v
y
(3, 1)
4
(12 , 134 )
8
x
y = x2 6x 8
c 2500 m
e 50 s
d 25 s after launching
Answers
8 a A = xy m2
c y = (40 2x) m
e (10, 200)
b 2x + y = 40 m
d A = 2x(20 x) m2
f
y
(10, 200)
200
g Maximum area
is 200 m2,
paddock is 10
m wide and 20
m long.
9 a
h
17
2 a
c
e
3 a
c
e
4 a
5 a
c
h = 4.9t2 + 1.5t + 17
20
b 2s
3 < x < 1
x 3 and x 1
x < 2 and x > 1 1--25 < x < 4
1 x 2
x 0 and x 4
C
b D
6t(t 1.6)
h
h = 6t2 + 9.6t
2.02
c 0.15 s
1.6
e 3.84 m
g From 0 to 1.6 s
6 a h (m)
d 17.11 m
10 a A = 2x(150 x) m 2
b
A
f 1.6 s
h = 5t2 + 25t
31.25
(75, 11 250)
11 250
0
0
150
2.5
b 5s
c 1s
h (m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
(0, 5)
(7, 0)
Increasing the value of a makes the graph narrower.
The graph becomes inverted.
y = (x + 1)2 36
y = 2(x 1--2- )2 4 1--2-
y = (x + 1)2 +2
h (m)
h = 5t2 + 25t 20
1 2 3 4 5 t (s)
2
(2, 3)
20
3
(1, 2)
x
y = (x 2)2 3
10 y = 2x2 + 5x 3
y = x2 + 3x 10 y
0
d 2s
h = 5t2 + 25t 30
1 2 3 4 5 t (s)
30
y
0
5 t (s)
c 11 250 m2, 75 m and 150 m
x < 1 and x > 7

5 x 2
1--3- < x < 1 1--2x < 5 and x > 7
2 1--2- < x < 1
x < 4 and x > 4
c E
b 0, 1.6
d 0.8 s
b
d
f
b
d
f
3.84
0
1.72 0
729
answers
2x
y
0 1
3
10
(112 , 12 14)
(114 , 6 18)
Exercise 5E Solving quadratic

inequations using sketch graphs
b 1<x<5
d x 3 and x --12f x < 0 and x > 7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
plotting
axis of symmetry
turning point
vertically
horizontally
thinner, wider
upright, minimum, inverted, maximum
turning point form, (b, c)
x=0
y=0
halfway, divide, equation
sketch, above, below
5E
1 a x < 3 and x > 4

c 3 x 3
e 1--3- < x < 4
Summary
5E
answers
730
Answers
Chapter review
1 a
x-intercepts are 1 and 3.
y = x2 2x 3
d i Graph upright, dilation of factor 2 makes the

graph narrower, horizontal translation 4 units
to the left
ii (4, 0)
iii
y
y = 2(x + 4)2
1 0
3
3
4 (1, 4)
y = x2 + 8x + 7
(4, 9)
e i Graph inverted, dilation of factor of --12- makes

the graph wider, horizontal translation 1 unit to
the right, vertical translation of 3 units down
ii (1, 3)
iii
y
1 0 x
9
y = x2
y
2
0
y
7
9 7
y = x2
(2, 1)
1
x
(1, 3) 1
2
y = 2 (x 1) 3
f
y = x2 + 4x 3
(2, 3)
y
2
(2, 3)
i Graph upright, dilation of factor 5--2- makes the

graph narrower, horizontal translation 3 units
to the left, vertical translation of 1 unit up
ii (3, 1)
iii
y
5
y = 2(x + 3)2 + 1
y = x2
7
y = (x + 2)2 3
(3, 1)
3 a i Graph upright, vertical translation 3 units down

ii (0, 3)
iii
y
y = x2
4 a TP (3, 1), no x-intercepts, y-intercept is 10.

y
y = x2 3
0
y = (x 3)2 + 1
10
3
(3, 1)
b i Graph upright, horizontal translation 2 units to

the left
ii (2, 0)
iii
y
2
y = (x + 2)
y = x2
10
10
- and 1 + ---------- ,
b TP (1, 5), x-intercepts are 1 --------2
2
y-intercept is 3.
y = 2(x + 1)2 5
3
2 0
x
3
c i Graph inverted, dilation of factor 5 makes the

graph narrower.
y
ii (0, 0)
iii
y = x2
(1, 5)
c TP (4, 1), x-intercepts are 3 and 5, y-intercept is

15.
y
1
0
(4, 1)
345
x
15
y = 5 x2
y = (x 4)2 + 1
731
Answers
10 a
d TP (5, 3), x-intercepts are 5 6 and 5 + 6 ,

y-intercept is 9 1--2-.
y
(5, 3)
0
5+ 6 x
5 6
9 2
5 a (4, 15)
c
6 a
0 2
y = 2 (x 5)2 + 3
b (2, 9)
1 --1-, 3---
2 4
d
y = x2 8x + 1
1
0 4 15
b 25 m
h = x2 + 4x + 21
25
21
c 2m
1 --1-, 6 --1-
4
8
y = x2 + 4x 5
4 + 15 x
d 7m
11 a x < 6 and x > 1

c 3<x<4
b 4 x 1 1--2-
12 a
b 4s
c 2s
h = 5t2 + 20t
20
0 1
answers
5
(2, 9)
(4, 15)
y = 3x2 + 9x + 6
y = 2x + 5x 3
d The ball is never above a height of 20 m.
3
x
2 1 0
7 a
y = x2 + 6x + 8 y
Chapter 6 Variation
(11 , 6 1 )
(112 , 34)
y
4
Are you ready?
(3, 4)
8
0 1
1 a 4
b 5
c 0
------ or 5.2
d 26
5
2 a 5.0
b 3.83
c 428.672
d 58
3 a
3
x
4 2 1 0
(3, 1)
2 1--2-
4 a 4
5
y = x2 + 6x 5
y
(1, 16)
15
1--2-
1 1--3-
d 2 1--3-
c 768
d 2.25
b 2
1
--2
2
--3
6 a 2
3
--4
c 0.2
5 a
5
--6
5
-----12
d 17.5
Exercise 6A Direct variation

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90 100
60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600
y = x2 2x + 15
8 a i 3
b
10
10
- and 1 + ---------ii 1 --------2
2
y = 2x2 4x 3
1 0 1
9 a
(1, 5)
b 4m
h = 4t t2
2 a
d 4s
F
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 a
b 22 500
6A
c 2s
P
500
400
300
200
100
0
s
0 20 40 60 80 100
iii (1, 5)
6A
732
3 a
Answers
c a = 2b
b 24
a
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 b
P
45
(5, 45)
36
(4, 36)
27
(3, 27)
18
(2, 18)
(1, 9)
4 a
c y = 0.8x
b $520
Cost ($)
y
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Distance
50
40
30
20
10
0
200
300
400
500
30
45
60
75
(500, 75)
Cost ($)
(400, 60)
60
45
(300, 45)
30
(200, 30)
15
(100, 15)
3
4
5
6
7
0 100 200 300 400 500

Area (m2)
c = 0.15A
c = $48
d = 75t
10 hrs 40 min
2
--3
7
8 4 ----12
c d = 2t
b 16.67 minutes
7 a t = 8--3- n
9 2 hrs 37 1--2- min

10 $18.67
Exercise 6B Direct variation and

ratio (rate)
b
100
80
60
40
20
0
1 a i 148.8 cm
10
-w
2 a h = ----7
c 45 questions
a D
0.67
1.53
20
20
0.75
a 0.5
2.4 hours
$17.77
30 000
ii 68.5 kg
b 85.7 cm
b 0.0248
c 70 cm
3 20 teeth
4 a i 12 (graduates)
ii 8 (professionals)
b 16 professionals
5 a 1818 m2
b $35 750
6 a 624 km
b 38.5 hours c 47.5 hours
7 a 570.15 L
b Nissan Pulsar
8 a 81.9 L (4 WD), 38.4 L (small car)
b 2131.6 km
9 a 48 L/100 km
b 2917 km
0 10 20 30 40 50
Questions
b B
10 0.5
Exercise 6C Partial variation

1 y = 2x + 2
b 7 kg
22
10
1
-----60
19 a 6000 lines
20 a E
b B
c 36 000 lines
1
15
75
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time
8
9
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
100
Bricks
6 a d = 3000t
5 a Distance travelled is directly proportional to time

travelled.
When time = 0, distance = 0, therefore direct
variation.
b 80 minutes
0 200 400 600 800 1000 x
Time
answers
18
27
36
45
2
3
4
5
6
7
y = 25x + 150
a y = 4x + 2
a b = 0.25a + 38
a c = 0.9d + 2.20
a c = 40t + 300
a c = 4m + 100
10
b
b
b
b
b
46.8
51.75
$13.36
$480
$612
c
c
c
c
3.475
248
22 km
10 hours
Answers
b c = 2.5s + 50 c $125
b D
Exercise 6D Inverse variation

1000
1 a k = 1000, y = -----------x
42
3 a k = 42, y = -----x
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
y
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 x
b 3.97 hours = 3 h 58 min

d 337.5 km
b $233
d $17 500
1 amp
c 13.3 ohms
2 minutes
c 600 mHz
210 days
c 105 workers
E

1 1
2 6
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time
3 a 11.25
c $115.20
4 a 4 096 000 000
p
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 q
4000
b a = -----------m
d 4 m/s2
b 2500 pencils
4 a 4000
20 m/s2
500
1000 pencils
337.5
96.4 km/hr
17 500
70 people
200
b
200
b
10 500
b
C
b
y
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 x
3 12
4 8
5 a 20
c 0.8 units
7 a 1 000 000
c $1
e Inverse variation
8 a y = 0.5x2
c y = 1.022x2
9 a
c
10 a
c
11 a
b E=
1
3
5
7
9
12
16
20
16
25
5000
b y = -----------x2
82.8
d y = ---------x2
b 2
d 0.003 312
b y = 16x3
d 628.9
b A
130 m2
$102.50
64 Mb
1 hour 20 min
125 m
2
4
6
8
10
C = 50 + 15h
6 hours
2 hours 48 min
$37.50
27 m
1 a
c
e
g
i
Partial, k = 4
Square, k = 2
None
Inverse square, k = 32
Direct, k = 3
b
d
f
h
j
Inverse, k = 20
Direct, k = 2
Inverse, k = 5000
Partial, k = 8
Partial, k = 100
Exercise 6G Joint variation
e 9 units
Energy
1
-----16
1 000 000
b C = ----------------------n2
1 000 000
d C = ----------------------n
Exercise 6F Identifying the type of

variation
x2
1
-----16
1250
2555
16
128
E
c 102
5 0
1 a
b c = 11.25h2
d 4.22 m
4 096 000 000
b F = --------------------------------d2
d 74.8 units
20
b b = -----d2
d 4.5 m
10 12
b F = -----------d2
6 a 1012
Exercise 6E Other forms of direct

and inverse variation
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Speed
b d = 15t2
1 a 1.0475
2 a 0.333
3 a 0.2
4
5
6
7
8
c 10 000
170.7 days
250 units
432 m
0.32 units
a C
b V = 1.0475hr2
c 100.56 cm3
b V = 0.333ah
c 12 000 cm3
0.2 Budget
b Number = ------------------------------Price
b B
6B
2 a 15
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
c 25 units
48
2 a k = 48, p = -----q
c
a
c
a
c
a
c
a
a
a
a
d 1500 m
Distance
8 a 2.5
9 a B
733
answers
6G
734
Answers

1 60
3 30 breakfasts
2 12 minutes
Summary
1
3
5
7
9
direct
inverse, inverse square
gradient
constant
origin
2
4
6
8
10
partial
variation symbol
direct square
joint
k
b i y=5
ii x = 1 1--4-
c i y=3
ii x = 7 1--2-
3 a x-intercept = 3
y-intercept = 2
2x
2
1
+3
y=
6
0 1 2 3
b x-intercept = 3
y-intercept = 9
y
9
8
7
Chapter review
2
1
c y = 4x
b 20.8
2 a d
6
5
4
3
x+9
y
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 x
y=3
3 2 1
c x-intercept = 3
y-intercept = 4
3
y+
12
63
3
4
5
6
7
8
30
b 105 m
1.5
a 150
12 teeth
a 300 km
a C = 50t + 400
a C = 40n + 1000
10 a 360
11 a 26
12 31.25 km
13 a Direct
14 a 96
4 a
b $930
c 9.5 hours
c 75 people
44
b y = -----x
d 220
360
b t = --------s
b L = 26w2
4
--3
or 1 1--3-
5 a False
b 3.5 hours
b $450
b $3400
y
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 x
2 3
y
4
3
2
1
x
3 2 1 0
c d = 2.1r
9 a k = 44
=0
1 a
4x
answers
c 4 hours
c 2.4 m
b Inverse square c Partial

96x 2
b y = ----------c 24
w2
3
--2
or 1 1--2-
b False
5
--2
or 2 1--2-
c True
Exercise 7A Graphical solution of

simultaneous equations
1 a
e
2 a
e
i
3 a
e
i
4 a
e
5 a
d
g
6 a
(2, 1)
b
(2, 4) f
No
b
Yes
f
No
j
(3, 2)
b
(2, 0)
f
( 1--2- , 1 1--2- ) j
(3, 5)
b
(5, 1)
f
No solution
(1, 9)
No solution
y
y = x2
(1, 1)
c (0, 4)
d (2, 1)
(0.5, 1.5)
Yes
c Yes
d No
No
g No
h Yes
Yes
(4, 3)
c (3, 4)
d (2, 2)
(3, 0)
g (2, 4)
h (3, 8)
(2, 5)
k (5, 3)
l (2, 2--3- )
(2, 4) c (5, 7)
d (2, 5)
(6, 2) g (4, 7)
h (3, 4)
b (2, 1)
c No solution
e (3, 1)
f No solution
h (2, 1)
y
b
y = x2
(2, 4)
Chapter 7 Simultaneous
equations
Are you ready?
1 a y = 3 1--32 a i y = 3
b x=1
ii x = 2
c x=1
(1, 1)
0
0
y=x+2
c 2
d (1, 1) and (2, 4)
7 a (2, 4) and (3, 9)
b (2, 5)
c No solution
Answers
Exercise 7B Algebraic solutions of

simultaneous equations substitution
method
1 a (2, 3)
b (2, 1)
e (3, 6)
f (2, 1)
i (1, 2) j (6, 2)
2 a (6, 23)
d
15
--3-, ----2 2
3---, 1---
2 2
(4, 2.8)
c (3, 2)
g (1, 2)
k (3, 1 1--2- )
d (7, 6)
h (2, 2)
l (3, 5)
b (5, 23)
c (2, 6)
e (1, 7)
( --12- , 4)
1---, 4---
5 5
(3, 1.5)
--4-, --4-
5 5
(1, 1)
1 Not a solution
3 (4, 8)
5
y
6
2 Is a solution
4 (5, 1)
6 (1, 3)
7 (3, 1)
8 ( 1--2- , 1 1--2- )
9 (4, 24)
3 2 1 0
3
10
9
---- 10
, 4--5-
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
735
18 nuts, 12 bolts
Lemons cost 55c and oranges 25c
Length 60 m and width 20 m
Eight 20 cent coins and three 50 cent coins
Twelve $1 coins and nine $2 coins
Paddlepops costs $1.20 and a Magnum costs $2.10.
Cost of the Golden rough = 35c and cost of the
Redskin = 25c
Fixed costs = $87, cost per person = $23.50
PE mark is 83 and science mark is 71
Mozzarella costs $6.20, Swiss cheese costs $5.80
x = 3 and y = 4
Fixed costs = $60, cost per person = $25
$4 each for CDs and $24 each for zip disks
2 (1, 4)
1 (5, 3)
3
5
(1 1--9- ,
( --13- ,
4 1--9-
1)
4 (7, 1)
6 19 and 6
7 48 m 160 m
8 36 five cent coins and 68 ten cent coins
9 Tomatoes cost 25c and a lettuce costs 55c.
10 Entry fee is $18.50 for adults and $8.50 for children.
Exercise 7C Algebraic solutions of

simultaneous equations elimination
method
1 a (3, 1)
b (2, 3)
c (2, 6)
2 a (5, 1)
3 24 3 cm2 41.6 cm2
b (2, 3)
c (3, 1)
3 a (6, 3)
b (3, 7) c (2, 5)
e (5, 8) f (2, 2) g (1 --12- , 3 --12- )
i (1, 1)
d (3, 5)
h (2, 1 --45- )
4 a
d
g
j
(2, 1)
(1, 3)
(4, 2)
(6, 5)
b
e
h
k
(3, 5)
(2, 4)
(3, 4)
(3, 5)
c
f
i
l
(3, 3)
(5, 2)
(3, 1 1--2- )
(2, 1.8)
5 a
d
g
j
(5, 2)
(5, 1)
(6, 3)
(1.5, 3)
b
e
h
k
(3, 3)
(7, 0)
(2, 2)
(8, 18)
c
f
i
l
(2, 6)
(3, 1)
(1, 3)
(3, 5)
6 a (1, 3)
d (4, 3)
b (4, 0)
e (8, 5)
c (3, 5)
f 1--3-, 1--3-

1 Rollercoaster ride $6, Ferris wheel ride $4, Gravitron
ride $8
2 89 246
Exercise 7D Problem solving using

simultaneous equations
Maths mark = 97, English mark = 66
8 and 3
9 and 7
6 and 5
Length = 12 m and width = 8 m
1 Length 11 m, width 8 m
2 12 minutes
Exercise 7E Solving a quadratic

equation and a linear equation
simultaneously
1 (4, 1) and (1, 6)
2 a (4, 12) and (3, 10)
b (2, 5) and (6, 35)
c (3, 2) and (5, 0)
3 (2, 4)
4 = 8
5 a ( 2, 4) and (5, 18)
b (2, 9) and (1, 8)
c (4, 10)
d (7, 18) and (1, 6)
e (1, 1) and (3, 9)
f (1, 4) and (10, 22)
6 (3, 1) and (2, 1)
7 a (1, 5)
b No, but the straight line is vertical and intersects at
one point only.
8 (2, 0) and (2, 0)
Exercise 7F Solving simultaneous

inequations
1 a True b False c False d True e True
f False g True h False i False j False
7A
1
2
3
4
5
answers
7F
answers
736
Answers
2 Note: The shaded region is the region not required.

a x+y>3
4 Note: The shaded region is the region not required.

a
y
4
b x + 2y 6
2x y 4
x+y<3
4
6
y
3
2
1
4 2 10
2
x
2
3x + 2y > 12
4
2
c 3x 2y > 12
y
2
1
4 2 10
2
3
4
5
6
7
e yx+4
d 4x + y 8
2
1
2 10
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
y<3x
3
2
2y > x 2
1
4
x + 5y 10
2
6
10
6
4
f y < 3 3x
2
3
g y 3x < 9
y
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
3 2 1 0
y > 2x + 4
y < 4 2x
4
6
y 2x 5
6
4
2
2 x
x+y>4
h 2x + y 8
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
3 a A
b C
y
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
c B
d E
2
4
3x + y > 17
y<8
x
1
5 23
Answers
15
y
10
8
6
4
2
10
5
x + 2y 10
2x 3y 18
0
22
10
4
6
8
10
737
x+y>7
answers
10
3x + y > 15
15
6
5
4
3
2
1
y
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
y > 2x 3
1
2
3
4
5
3y 2x < 6
y 2x 2
x
6 320 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
4
6
6
5
4
3
2
1
6
2 10
2
3
4
5
6
k
6
5
4
3
2
1
yx>4
x
0
2x + 3y 6
y < 2x
4
1 11
2
y + 2x > 3
10
8
6
4
2
4
b 50a + 75b 300

Region
required
2000 r
600
e Answers will vary.

7 a 100a + 75b 450
c
b
1 10
2
3
4
5
6
Region
required
2000
5 a a 18, where a is the age of a person.

b w 2, where w is the number of litres of water.
c x + y 800 where x is the number of reserved
tickets and y is the number of general admission
tickets.
d 2c + 3p 20, where c is the number of Christmas
cards and p is the number of sheets of wrapping
paper.
6 a r + x 2000
b r 600
c r 0, x 0. Amount of money cannot be negative.
d
x
x<5
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
y>4
1 10
2
3
4
5
6
y 2x
2 20
4
6
8
10
y 2x 9
Answers will vary.
Summary
x+y4
accurate
linear
gradient
parallel
elimination
define, number, simultaneously, original
Cartesian
7F
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7F
answers
738
8
9
10
11
Answers
two, intersect, tangent

graphical
intersection
unwanted
3 a
yx+4
y3
1 a
e
i
2 a
i
3 a
e
i
4 a
2y 3x 12
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
4
2 10
2
3
4
0
8 6 4 2
1
2
y + 3x > 0
5x + y < 10
i
5 a
6 a
e
i
7 a
2 a 1--4-
c 1.025
c $26
b
f
j
b
a6
a5b7c3
36m8n7
a5
c
g
k
c
4m5
g m3n
7b3
b8
m6n4p5
12x6y6
b3
5
--4
b 1
f 3
c 1
g 3
b 16a20
9a6b4
d a4b7
h 6a2b
l 4x8y6
d 4--3- a4
m2p2
1
-----81
1
--2
y2
1
--2
xy2
d 3
h 7
m8
g 16m12n20
625m 12
343x 3
------------------ k -------------8
n
8y 15
b D
b 72
c 625
27
f -------g 20
125
j
n8
4
--9
27
-----64
81a 4
----------------625b 12
m6n3
d 48
h 1
b ab
c manb
e n3 pm2 q
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
1
b ----y4
3x 2
-------y3
1
--------------4m 3 n 4
2a 4
-------3
2ab 2
amp + np
1
b 1 ----12
7
c 1 ----40
b 1 1--6-
c 3--4-
6
b -------x6 y
2
c ----a9
4
d -------5a 3
6a 3
g -------bc 5
h a6
7b 3
k -------2a 4
3
c ----n8
2y
-----3x
5y
-------6x 3
1
--------------3m 3 n 3
1
4q 8
----------------------- k -------15
20
32a m
p 14
b6
n -------4a 8
3
g -----------m2n2
2m 3 a 2
--------------3b 4 n 5
4
d ----------a2b5
4y 12
h ---------x5
l
3
------------a 8 b 12
8
--9
1
o -------------8a 6 b 6
1
--8
1
-----36
1
-----16
5
-----36
g 48
32
-----27
27
-----25
2
- j
= 1 ----25
k 125
3
--4
c C
d E
3 a
x + 2y < 11
Are you ready?

5
--6
a4
----b6
D
64
1600
4
x3yz
a2 x
------b3 x
27q 9
m ----------8 p6
Chapter 8 Exponential functions

1 a
1
4
4
a6
1
2 a ----------a2b3
y
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
x3y
1
1 a ----x5
b 0.025
b $21
Exercise 8B Negative indices
3
--4
e a6b3
6 x
a7
m5n13
10a4b9
a
e 3b4
d
4
c 1 1--2-
Exercise 8A Index laws
1 a (3, 1)
b (2, 3)
2 D
3 a No
b Yes
4 a (2, 1)
b (0, 2)
c (5, 2)
5 a (2, 7)
b (5, 3) c (2, 2)
d --73-, --73-
e (14, 53) f ( --52- , 7)
6 a (5, 2)
b (2, 3)
c (3, 1)
d (1, 3)
e (2, 2)
f (4, 2)
7 a (0, 3)
b (3, 3) c (2, 1)
8 a Numbers are 9 and 14.
b Length = 11 metres, width = 6 metres
c Chupa-chups cost 45c and Whizz fizzes cost 55c
9 Milk $1.75, bread $2.35
10 a (8, 22) and (2, 2)
b (5, 10)
c No solution
11 a
1
--2
4 a 0.25
5 a $22.50
Chapter review
3
--8
4 a
b
c
d
e
f
5 a
0.001 371 742

0.000 048 225
0.000 059 499
256
7.491 540 923
5 419 228.099
B
b D
1
-----81
739
Answers
3d 3 e 2 f 4
2 -------------------7
25 j 6
4 ----------k6
6 1--4q
8 --------6 p4
216t 6
10 ------------u 21
1 40a 2 b 3 c 8
3 729g 21 h 3
5 9
3
7 ----n4
s
9 ---r8
1 1 1 1
--- --- --- --33a9b5c4
8
---
2
---
m5
------
7
--n4
9 a E
10 a a 4
e 2y 3
i 6a 2 b 6
3 a
4--45
8-----
10m 15
5x 2
3---
2b 7
c
5---
9
2
8
1.48
0.54
5--a6
20
------
g 4y 9
4--- 5---
8--- 17
------
b x5 y9
19 5 5
------ --- ---
x 6 y6z6 f
1
---
c 6a 5 b 15
d
h
l
d
h
2
125
9
1.26
0.81
36a 20 b 10 f
15b 5
----------c 26
6
--------
8 p 45 q 18
23
-----x 20
e
9
---
h 0.02a 8
5
---
x4
19
------ 2
---
d 2m 28 n 5
1
---
3
---
c 12 2
11
------
d a7
1 -----g --- x 20
2
m 45
1 --h --- n 3
3
36x 6
----------y
x 10 y 10
6 a
11
b
7
7 4
------ -----a 45 b 15
5
7 a
9----2 20
1--56
1--m6
1--- 1--23b6
b a
--- --3cac
1 1
--- ---
3 11
1 --8- ------- m n 56
2 3
------ --2x 15 y 4
- -----1 ------- p 24 q 12
7
d 4x 2
h 2 pq 2
d 500 p 8 q 18
7 11
--- ------
g 12x 8 y 15
15 15
------ ------
h 8m 4 n 4
7 5
------ ------
x
b -------4y 6
27h 12
-------------8g 6
27
64y 36
c -------------------------- d ------------29
26
128m n
x 24
35 1
------ ---
g p 3 q2
625
h --------------------81b 20 c 28
m2n4
c -----------3
4x 5
d -------3y 8
y2
----x4
b7
g -------3a 4
75q 5
h ----------2 p 11
4a 3 b 3
b -------------15
n9
c ---------4m 9
4m 5
d ----------9n 15
3 p4
g --------5q 9
2b 12
h -----------
b 8n 2
f
4
------------------- f
81x 2 y 14
48x 11 y 6
1
------
17
------
3a 24
3
---
b a3b4
4x 12
----------21
------
3y 20
5
5 a ----------2a 13
6--75
2--4 p5
3----a 10
m
---xp
6 7
--- ---
x5 y4
4y 36
------------27x 16
125
6 a --------8
7 1
8 a 5y 1
9 E
56a 11 b 6
b ------------------- c
81
1024b 2
----------------81a
11
------
6m 19 n 19
16m 12 n
g -----------------3
25
d ---------------------128x 23 y 4
11
------
4b 2
h ------------1 7
--- ------
3 2 c 30
b 1
b y=4
8A
8 a a4b6
c m4
g 3m 3 n 5
1-----
5 7
--- --x3 y5
- -----1 ------- a 20 b 20 f
4
3
---
y8
17 7
------ ------
2
4 a -------------5a 4 b 7
22 x2
-----------
5
--- 1
--- 3
--3 8 2
5 ------- b 20
4
24a 24 b 7 f
x y z
3a 2
3 a -------2
i
2 8
--- ---
b 5 12
7----p 12
5
2 a -------8a 7
8a 5 b 9 c
5
------
5 a 36
e
1--22
c
g
k
c
g
8----c 27
2n 13
1 a 54a 10 b 9 b 48a 5 b 16 c ----------m9
7---
4 a ab 2
e
5
3
10 000 000
2.24
0.66
1 7
--- ---
b5
-------
b B
b b3
f 2x 2 y 3
Exercise 8C Fractional indices

b
f
j
b
f
2
---
Exercise 8D Further use of index

laws
1 a 100 10 000, 10 100 000

b 64 15 625 as 106 = (2 5)6 = 26 56
2 20
3 320 is the larger number since 230 = (23)10 = 810 and
320 = (32)10 = 910
4
4
216
1.44
2.54
0.86
a2
----b3
1 a
e
i
2 a
e
i
1
---
1 1 1
--- --- --5x 4 y 3 z 5
answers
8D
answers
740
Answers
Exercise 8E Exponential functions

and their graphs
1
y
10 000
y = 10x
1000
2x
0.125
0.25
0.5
3 2x
0.375
0.75
1.5
12
24
2x
0.025
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.4
1
1
---------------- -----------10 000 1000
1
--------100
1
-----10
10 100 1000 10 000
1.6
y=2
2 a
0.8
7 The coefficient, k, affects the steepness of the graph:

the larger the value of k, the steeper the graph.
8
y
x
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
1
--5
10
y-intercept at (0,1).
Equation of horizontal
asymptote is y = 0.
8
6
4
y = 4x
100
100
80
80
60
60
40
40
y = 5x
3 2 1 0
9
y = 3x
20
20
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
1 2 3
y = 3x
10
8
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
6
4
y = 6x
100
80
60
10 The negative index reflects the graph in the y-axis.

11 a
40
20
y = ( 12 )x
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
y
10
8
y = 4x y = 3 x
y = 2x
100
80
60
3 2 1 0
1 2 3
40
20
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
4 Increasing the value of a increases the steepness of

the graph where x is positive and flattens the graph
where x is negative.
5 a
b 2 c y=0
y
60
1.0
2.00 3.000
0.5
0.25 0.125
x
b 1--- = (21)x = 2x
2
12
y = 2 3x
y y = (1.8)x
50
y = (1.5)x
40
30
y = (1.2)x
20
1
10
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
y
10
y = 3 2x
y = 2x
13 a
y = 10 (1.3)x
6
4
2
3 2 1 0
10
1
y = 5 2x
x
1 2 3
0
b 10
c y=0
741
Answers
14 a
n
1 15 minutes
2
A 1000 1100 1210 1331 1464.10 1610.51 1771.56

b
c $1331
A = 1000 (1.1)n
3 a = 2, b = 4 or a = 4, b = 2
4 b = 2 and c = 2. (a can take any integer value)
1000
Exercise 8F Modelling exponential

growth and decay
1 a 2000
c
N
6 n
15 a
n
40 000 34 000 28 900 24 565 20 880 17 748

b
40 000
5 n
c As n increases, the value of the car decreases.

d $17 748
3
---
1
3 --------------------
2 12e 2 d 4
7
--108 j 9 k 3
y = 5x
h2
4 -------
y = 5 2x
3 2 1 0
1
--3
y = 10x
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
1 2 3 4 x
4 3 2 1 0
1
--2i 2
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
y=
3 x
1
4
3x
50
A = 5000 (1.075)n
10
3 a C
4 a $883.50
c V = 950 (0.97)n
d $659.15
5 a 102
c A = 120 (0.85)t
e A
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
b $7717
d 10 years
14 000
12 000
10 000
8000
6000
4000
2000
V = 40 000 (0.85)n
N = 2000 3x
2 a $5000
A
c
15 000
1 -------5a 2
b 486 000
d 1.26 h
12 000
10 000
8000
6000
4000
2000
13
-----b2
b D
b $821.66
b 86.7
d 83.927
f Approximately 210 years
A = 120 (0.85)t
6 a i 96.04%
b C = 100(0.98)w
ii 90.39%
c C
100
40
30
60
40
1
4
10
5
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
y = 2x
C = 100 (0.98)w
80
20
10
answers
3 2 1 0
20
1
3 x
d 8 washings
7 a 118 (million)
c
y
10
10
15
20 w
b a = 1.02; P = 118 (1.02)n
8
6
4
3 x
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
Population
118
130
144
159
175
Calculated population is less accurate after 10 years.

d 288 (million)
8E
2
1
3 2 1 0
Year
8F
answers
742
Answers
8 a 32
b 0.98
c T = 32 (0.98)t
d 26.1, 21.4, 17.5, 14.3
Values are close except for t = 40.
14 a
y
10
8
Summary
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
added
2
multiply
4
factor
6
surds
8
exponential
10
reflected
12
decreases, smaller
14
a initial amount b growth
13ab 3 c 2
b -------------------6
3 2 1 0
15 a
16 a
m 12
----------16n 8
c 0
5 a 30a 20 b 20
4
b -------------
6 a 1
x 20 y 9
b 4
2 a 16
8
3 a ------------a 11 b 2
4 a 8
41
------ 33
------
1
---
--3-
--4-
0.008 0.04
b
4 3 2 1 0
0.2
25
125
12
3 2 1 0
3 x
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 t
b $7769.93
d 11
A = 5000 (1.065)n
12 000
10 000
8000
6000
4000
2000
2
10
Chapter 9 Measurement
3 4x
y = 10 3x
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
m = 3.5 20.2t
b Changing the sign

of the index
reflects the graph
in the y-axis.
b 2g
d 17 days
14 000
y = 5x
y = (2.5)x
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
18 a A = A0 (1.065)n
c
A
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
c 23m
1
10 ----36
11 a
9y 4
b ------------32x 15
1
b ----18
y = 5 3x
y = 2 3x
y = 12 3x
17 a 3.5 g
c m
b2
1---
b Increasing the
value of k makes
the graph steeper.
3 2 1 0
2a 6
---------
7 a 2a 3 + 2a 2 b 2 b 6xy 2
2a 13
8 a ----------5b 2
9 a 46
y = (2.5)x
1- --2-----
3 x
3 2 1 0
16 p 28
d -------------81q 12
3
b --2
y2
b ---------5x 17
b --32-
36
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
1000m 15 n 6
--------------------------27
y = (1.2)x
Chapter review
1 a 9x 10 y 10
y = (1.5)x
subtracted
zero
reciprocal
power
steeper
increases, larger
asymptote
c decay
b Increasing the
value of a makes
the graph steeper
for positive
x-values and
flatter for negative
x-values.
13
y = 10x
Are you ready?
y
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
3 2 1 0
1 a
c
2 a
3 a
4 a
c
5 a
3.6 106 mm2

b 2 106 km2
4
2
5.2 10 m
24 m2
b 30 cm2
c 4.9 cm2
2
2
150 cm
b 232 cm
c 1.22 m2
6
3
3.4 10 cm
b 2.5 104 m3
3
3
6.5 10 mm
125 cm3
b 160 cm3
c 0.03 m3
743
Answers
Exercise 9A Errors in calculations

1 a
c
2 a
b
44.5 m and 45.5 m b 18.45 cm and 18.55 cm

475 km and 485 km d 29.355 cm and 29.365 cm
60 4
Largest 64, smallest 56. The sum is between 56
and 64.
c 20 4
d Largest 24, smallest 16. The difference is between
16 and 24.
a Length 6.25%, width 8.33%
b 48 cm2
c Max. area 55.25 cm2, min. area = 41.25 cm2
d 15.10%
15.1%
30.5 m/min, 35.6 m/min, 26.4 m/min, 16.7%
Max. percentage error is 16.7%.
a 5%
b 13 cm 0.65 cm
4
5
6
Exercise 9B Perimeter
26 cm b 40 mm c 18 or 56.55 cm
24 cm e 15 cm f 31 cm
10 cm h 30 cm
64 cm
b 90 mm
c 36 cm
25 or 78.5 cm e 44 cm
i (30 + 15) cm
ii 77.12 cm
21
b i 42 + --------- cm
ii 74.99 cm
2
15
c i 20 + --------- cm
ii 43.56 cm
2
d i (74 + 7) cm
ii 95.99 cm
e i (200 + 20) cm
ii 262.83 m
f i (28 + 14) cm
ii 71.98 cm
a 42.43 cm
b 174.55 cm
c 163.98 cm
d 148.5 cm
e 47.14 cm
f 54.27 cm
650 m
B
E
27 m 13.5 m
35 m
13 cm
406.28 m, 412.57 m, 418.85 m
12 cm
Azis, Robyns and Simons suggestions are correct
as their figures have a perimeter of 64 mm. Lauren is
incorrect as her suggested figure has a perimeter of
32 mm.
658.95 m
Approx. 2250 m
1 a
d
g
2 a
d
3 a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

1 2 km
34 m 5.83 m
Exercise 9C Area
b
e
h
g
b
b
ii
48 cm2
706.86 cm2
21 cm2
81 cm2
7.64 cm2
188.5 cm2
37.70 cm2
ii 108.38 mm2
ii 819.96 cm2
c 75 cm2
f 73.5 cm2
i 75 cm2
b
e
b
e
1427.88 m2
78 cm2
102.87 cm2
13.85 m2
c
f
c
f
52 cm2
2015.5 cm2
13.73 m2
37.5 m2
1 0.5 cm
3 28.2 m
5 (16 + 4) cm
2
6 i 24 + ------ cm
3
7 16 cm2
9 88.4 cm2
2 6.15 m to 6.25 m
4 43 m
ii 26.09 cm
8 48.515 cm2
10 86 m2

1 Approximately 56%
2 The parallelogram has twice the area of the triangle.
3 a 50 cm2
2
b Perimeter of EFGH = ------- perimeter of ABCD
2
Exercise 9D Total surface area

1 a 600 cm2 b 384 cm2 c 1440 cm2 d 27 m2
2 a 113.1 m2
b 6729.3 cm2 c 8.2 m2
d 452.4 cm2
3 a 1495.4 cm2 b 502.7 cm2
4 a 506.0 cm2
b 9.4 cm2
c 340.4 cm2
2
d 224.1 cm
5 a 13.5 m2
b 90 m2
c 11 309.7 cm2
d 9852.0 mm2 e 125.6 cm2
f 1531.4 cm2
2
2
6 a 880 cm
b 3072.8 cm
c 75 cm2
d 70.4 cm2
e 193.5 cm2
f 1547.2 cm2
7 B
8 63
9 3.6 m2
10 11 216 cm2
11 a 70.0 m2
b $455
12 a 3063.1 cm2
b $168.47
Exercise 9E Volume
1 a
d
2 a
d
3 a
b
c
d
e
4 a
d
5 a
27 cm3
b 74.088 m3 c 3600 cm3
3
94.5 cm
6333.5 cm3 b 19.1 m3
c 280 cm3
288 mm3
Vnew = 27l3, the volume will be 27 times as large
as the original volume.
Vnew = 1--8- l3, the volume will be 1--8- of the original
volume.
Vnew = 2r2h, the volume will be twice as large as
the original volume.
Vnew = r2h, the volume will remain the same.
V = 3lwh, the volume will be 3 times as large as
the original value.
7.2 m3
b 14 137.2 cm3 c 1436.8 mm3
523 598.8 cm3
169.6 cm3
b 3539.5 mm3
9A
16 cm2
120 cm2
254.47 cm2
225 cm2
20.7 cm2
113.1 cm2
i 12 cm2
69
b i --------- mm2
2
c i 261 cm2
1 a
d
g
2 e
3 a
4 a
5 a
6 E
7 D
8 a 123.29 cm2
d 30.4 m2
9 a 125.66 cm2
d 153.59 m2
10 11 707.92 cm2
11 21 m2
12 60
13 $840
answers
9E
744
Answers
6 a 784 cm3
d 540 cm3
7 a 33.50 m3
d 1385.44 mm3
8 a 630 mm3
d 1319.5 mm3
9 E
10 a 12 800 cm3
11 C
12 6809.4 L
13 2
14 4775.22 cm3
15 84 823 cm3
16 10 215.05 cm3
b 8960 cm3
c 5.34 m3
b 64 000 cm3
c 3.7 m3
1 Side length of 6 units

2 a Volume is 8 times larger
b Surface area is 4 times greater
b 420 cm3
c 3152.7 mm3
b 268.08 cm3
c 7438.34 cm3
1
3
5
7
9
138.24 cm2
27 m2
277.6 cm2
6 m3
136 cm3
2
4
6
8
10
273.9 cm2
226.2 cm2
768 cm3
1436.76 cm3
32.7 m3
Exercise 9F Time, speed, density and

concentration
1 64 km/h
2 a 120 km/h
b 30 km/h c 1692.3 km/h
3 a 30 km
b 30 min
c 1 h 30 min
d 45 min
e 2.00 pm f 53.33 km/h
4 a 150 km, 200 km and 250 km
b 50 km
c Both stop for 1 hour.
d Brian 300 km, 3.5 h; Margaret 300 km, 4 h
e Brian 85.7 km/h; Margaret 75 km/h
5 a 2.5 h
b 20 km
c
Distance from home (km)
answers
20
15
10
5
0
7.30 8.00 8.30 9.00 9.30 10.00
Time (am)
6 a 0750 h
d 6.55 pm
7 B
8 D
9 280 km
10 a 6.30 am
d 2 h 15 min
11 a 1 h 30 min
d 8.45 pm
12 4 g/cm3
13 a 5 g/cm3
14 a 3.5
15 D
16 600 g/L
17 30 g/L
b 1430 h
c 9.30 pm
b 50 min
c 2 h 10 min
b 4.25 am c 5 h 15 min
e 2 h 20 min
b 20 kg/m3 c 39 g/mm3
b 25
c 570
Summary
1 error
error
2 ---------------------------- 100%
actual value
3 perimeter
4 2 r
5 area
6 hectares
7 surface area
8 4 r2; --43- r3
9 volume
10 AH
11 rate
distance
12 ------------------time
mass
13 -----------------volume
14 Concentration
Chapter review
1 a 2 cm
b 1.3%
2 a 55 3
b 52 and 58 c 2 and 8
d 750, 10.93% e 1.2, 0.13
3 a 128 cm
b 112 cm
c 800 cm2, max. error is 124 cm2, percentage error
is 15.5%
4 a 56 cm
b 30 cm
c 69.12 cm
d 25.66 cm
e 32.38 cm f 87.96 cm
8
5 c 22 cm e 24 + ------ cm f 28 cm
3
6 39 cm by 13 cm
7 12.6 m
8 a 81 cm2
b 300 cm2
c 84 cm2
d 100 cm2
e 452.39 cm2 f 6.5 cm2
g 56.52 cm2
h 60 cm2
i 244.35 cm2
700
9 e 144 cm2
i ------------ cm2
9
10 a 60 cm2
b 300 cm2
c 224.25 cm2
2
2
d 160 cm
e 23.56 cm
f 80.19 cm2
11 a 40.04 cm2
b 129.53 cm2 c 499.86 cm2
d 44.54 cm2
e 85.84 cm2
f 128.76 cm2
12 a 59.6 m2
b $2682
13 a 2400 cm2
b 700 cm2
c 18 692.48 cm2
d 1495.14 cm2 e 804.25 cm2 f 642 cm2
g 8444.6 mm2 h 873.36 mm2 i 760 cm2
14 a 3606.55 cm2 b $180.33
15 a 343 cm3
b 672 cm3
c 153 938.04 cm3
d 1.45 m3
e 1800 cm3 f 1256.64 cm3
g 297 cm3
h 8400 cm3 i 7238.23 mm3
3
16 V = --- r 2 h , the volume will be 1.5 times as large
2
as the original volume.
17 V = 3lwh, the volume will be 3 times as large as (or
triple) the original volume.
Answers
785.4 m3
303.478 m3
a 90 km/h
a 20 km
d 30 min
f i 80 km/h
22 a 5.30 pm
23 a 7.30 am
d 2 h 20 min
24
18
19
20
21
b
b
e
ii
b
b
3h
15 min
c
30 min
40 km/h iii
6.45 am c
1 h 20 min c
40 km
80 km/h
10.10 pm
10.20 am
Mass
Volume
Density
500 g
20 cm3
25 g/cm3
1500 g
30 cm3
50 g/cm3
2040 g
120 cm3
17 g/cm3
25 a 0.14 g/mL
b 0.07 g/mL
Chapter 10 Circle geometry
2 a
c
e
3 a
b
c
d
e
f
4 D
5 D
6 a
b
c
d
e
Are you ready?

1 a a = 70
b b = 75
c c = 100
2 ABC, BCA, CAB, ACD
3 a d = 60
b e = 50
c f = 145
4
5 8.7 cm
Exercise 10A Intersecting chords,

secants and tangents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
a m=3
b m=3
c m=6
a n=1
b m=2
c n = 13
a w=6
b x = 10
c y=8
a x=5
b m=7
c x = 2.5, y = 3.1
a x = 2.8 b x = 3.3 c x = 5.6
d m = 90
A
ST = 3 cm
Check with your teacher.
8
9
10
s = 90, r = 90
b t = 90, u = 90
m = 90, n = 90
d x = 52
x = 90
f x = 90, y = 15
x = 90, y = 20, w = 20, z = 90
s = 90, r = 90 , t = 140
x = 20, y = 70, z = 70
x = 70, y = 90, z = 20, r = 20, s = 90
x = 70, y = 20, z = 20
x = 75, y = 75, z = 75
Base angles of an isosceles triangle

r + s = 90, s = 45 r = 45
u is the third angle in ABD.
m is the third angle in OCD.
AOC and AFC stand on the same arc with
AOC at the centre and AFC at the
circumference.
OR = OP (radii of the circle)
OPR = x (equal angles lie opposite equal sides)
SOP = 2x (exterior angle equals the sum of the two
interior opposite angles)
OR = OQ (radii of the circle)
OQR = y (equal angles lie opposite equal sides)
SOQ = 2y (exterior angle equals the sum of the
two interior opposite angles)
Now PRQ = x + y and POQ = 2x + 2y = 2(x + y).
Therefore POQ = 2 PRQ.

1 904.8 cm or approx. 9 m
50
2 ( 100 --------- )% or approx. 47.64%
3
27 3
3 ------------- m2 or approx. 23.4 m2 (regular hexagon)
2
Exercise 10C Cyclic quadrilaterals
1 20
2 It was said to be created by the Oracle at Delphi.
3 Anaxagoras about 440BC, Archimedes about 300BC,
Hindu mathematicians from about 800BC to 500BC.
4 Pierre Wantzel
5 a x3 3x 1 = 0
b the square root of
c the cube root of 2
1 a x = 85, y = 88
c n = 25
e x = y = 90
2 a x = 85, y = 80
c x = 105
e x = 90, y = 120
3 D
4 a A
b D
5 a 2x
b 180 2x
6 Check with your teacher.
Exercise 10B Angles in a circle
History of mathematics They

couldnt do it!
x = 30
x = 32
x = 60
x = 84
x = 56
b
d
f
h
x = 25, y = 25
x = 40, y = 40
x = 40
x = 50, y = 100
1
4
7
10
a = 8 cm
d = 7 cm
g = 90
j = 85
b
d
f
b
d
f
m = 115
x = 130
x = 45, y = 95
x = 110, y = 115
x = 150
m = 120, n = 130
c 90 x
2 b = 8.5 cm
5 e = 56
8 h = 38
d 180
3 c = 6 cm
6 f = 130
9 i = 101
9F
1 a
c
e
g
i
745
answers
10C
746
Answers
Summary
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
C
F
answers
B E
D
2 One possible solution:
2
4
3
5
10
6
9
7
Exercise 10D Great circles

1 a 14 074 km
b 32 393 km c 12 175 km
d 18 877 km
2 a 3574 km
b 11 170 km c 7372 km
d 10 947 km
3 a 8042.48 km
b 1675.52 km
c 1340.41 km
d 9829.69 km
4 a 10 053 km
b 3351 km
c 4468 km
d 6702 km
5 C
6 A
7 1340 km
8 3016 km
9 2.5
10 34.3S
1
3
5
7
9
k = 6 cm (theorem 5)
m = 8 cm (theorem 6)
p = 31 (theorem 8)
4245 km
58
2
4
6
8
10
l = 40 (theorem 5)
n = 5 cm (theorem 6)
q = 22 (theorem 11)
1452 km
6500 km

1 50 cm2
2 a 2 m 6.28 m
b Height above the equator needs to be the same as
the radius of the Earth.
Exercise 10E Locus

1 a
b
c
2 a
b
c
3 a
b
c
4
x = 4 and x = 4
y = 2 and y = 2
x = 11 and x = 9
x2 + y2 = 9
x2 + y2 = 49
x2 + y2 = 1
(x 2)2 + (y 1)2 = 9
(x + 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 36
(x 3)2 + (y + 1)2 = 16
Possible position
of marker
A
Abdul
B
100 m
Joe
circumference
segment
secant
tangent
twice
supplementary
great circles
latitude
6400 km
x2 + y2 = r2
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Chapter review
1 a m=3
b m = 12 c m = 9
d m=6
2 a x=5
b k = 12 c m = 6, n = 6
d x=7
e b = 4, a = 2
f w = 3, x = 5
3 C
4 D
5 CE ED = AE EB (theorem)
AE = CE (given)
ED = EB
6 AYC = AXC (same segment)
BXD = BYD (same segment)
But AXC = BXD (vertically opposite)
AYC = BYD
7 a x = 50
b x = 48, y = 25
c x = y = 28, z = 56 d x = 90
e y = 90
f x = 70
g x = 55
h x = 125
i x = 70
j x = 100
k m = 40
l x = 90, y = 60, z = 50
8 a x = 90
b x = 20
c x = 55
d x = 125
9 PQT & PST, PTS & RQS, TPQ & QSR,
QPS & QTS, TPS & TQS, PQS & PTS,
PUT & QUS, PUQ & TUS
10 a x = 80, y = 95
b x = 99
c x = 78, y = 92
d x = 97, y = 92
11 D
12 8042.48 km
13 a 8378 km
b 17 984 km
14 a 5027 km
b 11 952 km
15 a 3128 km
b 1117 km
16 335.10 km
17 x2 + y2 = 64
18 a x2 + y2 = 36
b (x 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 9
19 D
Chapter 11 Further geometry

Are you ready?
Possible position
of marker
These are two possible locations the marker could be.

5 D
6 D
7 a x2 + y2 = 36
b (x + 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 16
c (x 1--2- )2 + (y 1--3- )2 = 5
chord
sector
bisects
equal in size
right angles
exterior
longitude
arc length
locus
(x h)2 + (y k)2 = r2
1 a
23
b
130
Answers
250
b 3:1
c 5:3
a 2:3
a 2
b 1.5
c 2.5
a PTQ
b PR
c SR, PR
a = 50 (vertically opposite angles), b = 90 (sum of
angles in triangle), c = 90 (alternate angles), d = 40
(alternate angles)
6 F6
7 G4
8 G4
2
3
4
5
Exercise 11A Review of

2-dimensional and 3-dimensional
drawing
1
HL
HL
6 a Front
747
answers
Top
12 cm
Side
10.8 cm
28
8 cm
40
7.8 cm
3 a
i Draw a line segment of length 7 cm. Call it AB.

ii Using the same radius draw an angle of 70 at
A, with the other arm of length 3 cm. Label the
end of this line segment D.
iii Draw a line segment of length 7 cm from D.
Call the end point C.
iv Join points C and B by a line.
b i Draw a circle of radius r cm.
ii Place the pair of compasses at any point on the
circumference and draw an arc from one point
on the circumference to another.
iii Place the pair of compasses where the arc ends
and draw another arc.
iv Repeat iii until the pattern is complete.
4 a
b
12 cm
10 cm
12 cm
2 cm 2 cm
30
b Side
Top and bottom
Front
c Front
Side
Top
10 cm
30
30
c
12 cm
10 cm
45
5 a
VP2
45
VP1
HL
7 a C
b A
c B
8 a
12 m
20 m
10D
11A
answers
748
b
Answers
1m
fence
10 m
20 m
Exercise 11B Cross-sectional view of

objects
1 a
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
D
C
100 cm and 150 cm
a Yes, scale factor = 10, all sides in the equal ratio
b No. The length increases 2 times but the width
remains the same.
8m
m = 4 cm, n = 1.5 cm
8 cm
a Show two sides with corresponding ratios equal
and the included angle equal.
b Show two sides with corresponding ratios equal
and the included angle equal.

c
1 20 cm by 30 cm
2 20 cm from the torch.
History of mathematics Thales of

Miletus
1 He proposed the first natural cosmology and

pioneered the scientific method.
2 A solar eclipse.
3 Any two of the following:
Any circle is bisected by its diameter.
The base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal.
The opposite angles of intersecting straight lines are
the same.
The angle subtended by the diameter of a circle
touching the circle is a right angle.
Two triangles are congruent if they have the same
base and base angles.
1
2
9 cm
Top
7 cm
h
3 cm
Front
2 C
3 B
VP1
Side
VP2
Exercise 11C Similarity
1 a Yes, scale factor = 2 b No

c Yes, scale factor = 3 d Yes, scale factor = 1.5
e No
2 a ABC PQR; x = 14, y = 10
b RPT RQS; x = 50, y = 3, z = 7
c AEC BDC; y = 12, x = 3
d ABC EDC; x = 75 y = 70 z = 16.8
e LMN RST; x = 15, y = 12, z = 53.1
3 a PQT RST; x = 30
b ABCD PQRS; x = 89, y = 85, z = 6
c ABCD PQRS; x = 50, y = 8 cm
4 5m
5 a 26.67 cm
b 133.33 cm
6 150 cm 125 cm
5
12m
5m
7m 6m
6m
7 a=
12 2--3-
8 b 14.2
749
Answers
9 c = 3 1--3- , d = 7
or
6
4
- , f = 13 --10 e = 6 ----11
9
Exercise 11D Congruence

1 a I and III, SAS
b I and II, AAS
c II and III, RHS
d I and II, SSS
2 a x = 7 cm
b x = 78
c x = 75, y = 35, z = 70 d x = 28, y = 10 cm
e x = 50, y = 40, z = 40, m = 90, n = 90
3 a Use SAS.
b Use SAS. c Use ASA.
d Use ASA.
e Use SSS.
4 a I and II
b II and IV c I and II
5 B
6 a x = 110, y = 110, z = 4 cm, w = 7 cm
b x = 70
c x = 30, y = 65
7 The triangles will only be similar. They may have
different side lengths.
8 The third sides are not necessarily the same.
9 Corresponding sides are not the same.
10 Use RHS.
Exercise 11E Nets, polyhedra

construction and Eulers rule
answers
4 A possible net is:
5 7 Check with your teacher.

8 a E = 12, V = 8, F = 6, 8 + 6 2 = 12
b E = 12, V = 6, F = 8, 6 + 8 2 = 12
9 a E = 18, V = 12, F = 8, 8 + 12 2 = 18
b and c E = 12, V = 8, F = 6, 6 + 8 2 = 12
10 No. Edges, vertices and faces can not be identified
on a solid with curves.
11
No
1
5 cm
10 cm
12 For each shape, E = 9, V = 6 and F = 5 where

5 + 6 2 = 9.
5 cm
2 a
1
or
2 13.61 cm in this case. In general, the position of X

can be found by construction as shown in the
diagram.
A
B
Wall
X
B'
3 Two possible nets are:
1 1.16 m
2 5m
3 13 --13- m
17 m
1.2 m
a = 70, b = 12, c = 12, d = 70
e = 19, f = 35
11B
4
5
6
7
11E
answers
750
Answers
6 a
9 F = 5, V = 5, E = 8, 5 + 5 2 = 8
10 F = 7, V = 10, E = 15; 7 + 10 2 = 15
Exercise 11F Transformation of

points and figures
1 ad
R''''
4
3
2
1 R'
R''' R
R''
4 3 2 1 0
1
2 a
1 2 3 4
y
2
C'
CB'
B
A
2 1
1
1 DA'
D'
3 x
d
e
2
y
2
B
A
2 1
B' 1
D
1
2
C'
A'
D'
3 a Centre of rotation: C, angle of rotation: 180. C is

an invariant point.
b Centre of rotation: B, angle of rotation: 90. B is
an invariant point.
c Centre of rotation: G, angle of rotation: 180.
There are no invariant points.
4
C'
B'
P(2, 2), Q(1, 2), R(2, 1), S(2, 3)

P(2, 2), Q(1, 2), R(2, 1), S(2, 3)
P(2, 2), Q(2, 1), R(1, 2), S(3, 2)
P(4, 2), Q(3, 2), R(0, 1), S(0, 3)
P(2, 4), Q(1, 0), R(2, 3), S(2, 1)
8 a x
9 a
B'
A'
A'
B'
C'
B
D'
C
A' 1
y
B
B'
C'
3 x
3 2
b y
b
y
3
2
7 a
b
c
d
e
A'
B A'
A
C
C'
B'
D
D' C'
C'
2
1
1
1
1 D'
2 A'
B'
2
3 x
C'
B'
A
B
A'
10 a 3
b 12 cm
c 3.5 cm
d 9
Answers
Chapter review
P
b --- cm2
4
1
--2
11 a
12 a 120 cm3 b 3 cm by 9 cm by 15 cm
c 405 cm3 d 3.375
M''
6
5
4
3
2
1
21
A
6.7 cm
50
11.1 cm
13 216 cm3
14
y
M'
1 2
15 B
16 D
17 a i (1, 2)
ii (2, 3)
iii (1, 4)
b x- and y-coordinates are swapped, the sign of the
x-coordinate is changed (that is, x = y, y = x).
c i (y, x) ii (n, m) iii (8, 2)
iv (5, 3)
v (2, 7)
d i (2, 4) ii (5, 2) iii (2, 5)
18
y
6
4 N'
L'
6 4 2
K 2
N K'
M'
4 6x
5 cm
3 cm
30
22
5 cm
6 cm
6 cm
6 cm
3 cm
5 cm
30
30
3 cm
30
VP
y
3
2
1
2 a i Draw a circle of radius 2 cm.

ii Using the same centre, draw a circle of radius
1 cm.
iii Construct a set of radii, 60 apart at the centre.
iv Join consecutive points of intersection of the
radii and circumference by straight lines
(chords) in both circles.
v Shade in the minor segments in the outside circle.
b i Draw a rectangle ABCD,
with AB = CD = 6 cm and AC = BD = 2 cm.
ii Mark a set of points at intervals of 1 cm on CD.
iii Taking the first point on CD as centre draw a
semicircle with radius 1 cm towards the outside.
iv Repeat iii but use the 5th point as the centre.
v Using the third point as the centre, draw a
semicircle towards the inside of the rectangle.
vi Rub off the side CD and shade in the enclosed
area.
3 a
b
c
19 a Side lengths and angles

b Angles
c Side lengths and angles
d Side lengths and angles
20 B
21 P(4, 0), Q(4, 2), R(5, 0)
751
answers
60
HL
Q'
R
P' R'
1 2 3 4 5 6 x
5 Top
Left
Right
Front and back
6 a
7 a Similar, scale factor = 1.5

b Not similar
c Similar, scale factor = 2
Mirror line
23 a 200
c 37.44 m2
b i 6 m 6 m ii 5 m 4.8 m
9 a ABC DEC
c ABC PQR
Summary
1
3
5
7
9
b ABC DEC
2
4
6
8
10
sketch
oblique
perspective
Similar
Congruent
10 a Show 3 pairs of equal angles (AAA).

b ABC EDC
AB
AC
BC
c -------- = -------- = -------d d = 5 cm, e = 4.5 cm
ED
EC
DC
12
14
16
18
polyhedron
translation
size, angles
area, volume
12 a I and III, ASA
11 10 m
b I and II, RHS
13 a x = 8 cm
b x = 70
c x = 30, y = 60, z = 90
14 a Use SAS.
b Use ASA.
11F
11
13
15
17
Construction
isometric
planometric
Orthogonal
image length
------------------------------object length
net
Eulers
centre of rotation
image
8 a x = 48, y = 4.5 cm
b x = 86, y = 50, z = 12 cm
c x = 60, y = 15 cm, z = 12 cm
11F
752
Answers
15 Corresponding sides are not the same.

16 a
3 a
O
3 cm
H
A
20 a (4, 2)
b (2, 3)
c (4, 3)
21 a
S R R' 1S' 2 x
2 1
1
2
y
2
Q Q'
P 1
P'
y
2
P 1Q
R
S
Q'
2 1 R' 1 2 x
1
S' P'
2
y
2
P 1 Q
R
S
2 S'1 R' 1 2 x
1 Q'
P'
2
y
2
P 1 Q
S
R
2 Q'1 R' 1 2 x
1
S'
P'
2
y
2 Q'
P 1Q
RR'
S' S
1 2 x
2 1
1
2
P'
Q is an invariant point in part b; R is an invariant

point in parts bf.
22 B
23
R'
S'
Q'
P
S
b 10 cm c 15 cm
d 81 cm2
24 a 3
3
25 a 2.1 cm b 1 cm by 2.4 cm by 7 cm
c 16.8 cm3 d 8
26 216 cm3
27
y
C'
B'
A'
2
1 A
2 11
B
C
1 2 x
28 a (1, 0)
b (2, 0)
c (0, 1)
Chapter 12 Trigonometry
Are you ready?
1 a 0.685
2 a i 1533
b i 6316
c i 2710
b
ii
ii
ii
S
70
km
km 60
Exercise 12A Angles and the

calculator
1 a
e
2 a
e
i
m
3 a
e
4 a
e
5 a
d
6 a
e
i
7 E
8 D
0.5000 b
8.1443 f
0.6944 b
0.9990 f
0.8031 j
1.7321 n
50
b
86
f
5429 b
4448 f
263354
48522
2.824
b
226.735 f
4909.913 j
0.7071 c 0.4663
d 0.8387
0.7193
0.5885 c 0.5220
d 1.5013
0.6709 g 0.8120
h 0.5253
0.4063 k 0.9880
l 0.9613
0.5736 o 0.1320
24
c 53
d 71
41
619
c 052
d 7247
2645
b 64125
c 644658
e 365212
f 884127
71.014 c 20.361
d 2.828
1.192
g 7.232
h 32.259
0.063
k 0.904
l 14.814
Exercise 12B Using trigonometric

ratios to find side lengths
P'
Q
R
7.
5
4.2
b x = ----------------tan 28
B 120
25
19 No. Edges, vertices and faces are not clearly defined.
y
2
P 1Q
S
R
2 1
1 2 x
P' 1 Q'
S' 2 R'
20
km
180
18 a F = 6, V = 8, E = 12, 6 + 8 2 = 12
b F = 5, V = 6, E = 9, 5 + 6 2 = 9
c F = 5, V = 5, E = 8, 5 + 5 2 = 8
4 a x = 30 tan 15
c x = 5.3 tan 64
5 a
N
7 cm
5k
m
answers
1.400
153241
631532
271016
c 0.749
d (1, 1)
1 a 8.660
b 7.250
c 8.412
2 a 0.792
b 4.721
c 101.382
3 a 33.45 m
b 74.89 m c 44.82 m
d 7.76 mm
e 80.82 km f 9.04 cm
4 a x = 31.58 cm
b y = 17.67 m
c z = 14.87 m
d p = 67.00 m
e p = 21.38 km, q = 42.29 km
f a = 0.70 km, b = 0.21 km
5 a 6.0 m
b 6.7 m
6 D
7 B
8 B
9 1.05 m
Exercise 12C Using trigonometric

ratios to find angles
1
2
3
4
a
a
a
a
d
5 a
c
67
b 47
c 69
5447
b 3345
c 3333
753121
b 365212 c 373851
41
b 30
c 49
65
e 48
f 37
a = 2547, b = 6413 b d = 2523, e = 6437
x = 6612, y = 2348
753
Answers
4 a
3 7458
6 41
9 7.34 cm
km
0k
14
5k
32
N
70 180 km
30
km
20
320
5 a iii 13.38 km ii 14.86 km iii 222T

b iii
N
B
80
20
42
130
km
B 130
N
42
A
80
Exercise 12E Bearings

020T b 340T c 215T
d 152T
034T f 222T
N49E b S48E c S87W
d N30W
N86E f S54W
3 km 325T b 2.5 km 112T c 8 km 235T
4 km 090T, then 2.5 km 030T
12 km 115T, then 7 km 050T
300 m 310T, then 500 m 220T
210
45
km
6
9
10
11
12
iii 38.97 km iii 22.5 km

iv 030T
215T
7 A
8 1.732 km
a 9.135 km
b 2.305 km c 104 10T
684.86 km
B
a 6043T
b 6927T c 20427T
Exercise 12F The unit circle

quadrant 1
1 a
d
2 a
d
0.6499
0.7454
0.5235
0.9165
b
e
b
e
0.4931
0.9428
0.9882
0.7042
c
f
c
f
0.3919
0.9165
0.8660
0.9448
12A
1 a
e
2 a
e
3 a
d
e
f
km
2 Any multiple of 3 (extension of part b) or power of 2

(extension of parts a and c).
km
iii 51.42 km iii 61.28 km

iv 310T
c iii
N

1 a
km
17
18
19
20
7k
50
20
15
16
40
km
220
14
30
km
Exercise 12D Applications

a 3652
b 538
c 2.4 m
a 1429
b 31 cm
8.74 m
687.7 m
a 176.42 m
b 152.42 m
23.88 cm
a 56.83 cm
b 62.50 cm
6546
6.09 m
1928
6233
16.04 m
a h = x tan 4712 m
h = (x + 38) tan 3550 m
b x = 76.69 m c 84.62 m
a h = x tan 4335m
h = (x + 75) tan 3218m
b 148.37 m
c 143.1 m
a 1132
b 425
a iii 35.36 cm ii 51.48 cm iii 51.48 cm
iv 57.23 cm v 293
vi 2554
b iii 25.74 cm ii 12.5 cm iii 2554
iv 28.61 cm
a 77
b 7156
c 27.35 cm
a 7.05 cm
b 6015
c 8.12 cm
a 28.74 cm
b 40.64 cm c 6637
a 26.88 cm
b 11.07 cm
1.3
240
8k
1 25 cm from the base of the container

2 12, 13, 27, 37
N
N
260
120
0.8 km
N
km
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
40
40
2.1
2 78
5 13.5 m
8 3553
135
km
3.2472
10.6
422 m
263354
100
30 km
1
4
7
10
0
23
6 B
7 D
8 C
answers
12F
754
0.577
b 1.333
c 4.000
0.224
e 1.397
f 2.582
i 0.9766 ii 0.2201 b i 0.1262 ii 0.1273
i 0.9491 ii 3.0130 d i 0.4823 ii 1.8163
i 0.6
ii 0.75
f i 0.9035 ii 0.474
0.7915
b 0.7722
c 3741
y
17 a 45
d 120
c 270
f 315
sin 37 41'
37 41'
b 60
e 36
Exercise 12H Graphs of y = sin x and

y = cos x
tan 37 41'
3 a
d
4 a
c
e
5 a
d
Answers
30
60
sin x
0.5
0.87
sin x 0.5 0.87
90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

1
0.87
0.5
0.5 0.87 1 0.87 0.5
390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720
cos 37 41'
0.87
0.5
0.5 0.87 1 0.87 0.5
y
y = sinx
6 a 0.9766
d
y
b 4.5423
c 7535
75 35'
tan 35 75'
3 360, after which the graph repeats itself.

4 a 0.7
b 0.8
c 0.35
d 0.35
e 0
f 0.9
g 0.2
h 0.9
5 a 64, 116, 424, 476
b 244, 296, 604, 656
c 44, 136, 404, 496
d 210, 330, 570, 690
e 233, 307, 593, 667
f 24, 156, 384, 516
6
x
cos 75 35'
7 a B
90
180
270
360
450
540
630
720
sin 75 35'
b A
c D
d D
1 30.2
2 19.9
3 5751 4 1920 5 892
6 623 m 7 338 m 8 243T 9 0.454 10 0.510
30
60
Exercise 12G Circular functions
cos x
0.87
0.5
1 a
e
2 A
3 D
4 a
e
5 a
e
6 a
7 a
d
8 a
d
9 a
d
10 a
d
11 a
e
12 a
e
13 a
e
14 D
390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720
cos x
0.87
1st
2nd
b 2nd
f 3rd
c 4th
g 4th
d 3rd
h 4th
0.35
b 0.95
c 0.17
d 0.99
0.64
f 0.77
g 0.57
h 0.82
1
b 0
c 0
d 1
1
f 0
g 0
h 1
0.87
b 0.50
30
b 0.87
c cos 150 = cos 30
0.5
e sin 150 = sin 30
30
b 0.87
c cos 210 = cos 30
0.50
e sin 210 = sin 30
30
b 0.87
c cos 330 = cos 30
0.50
e sin 210 = sin 30
0.34
b 0.94
c 0.36
0.36
e They are equal.
0.71
b 0.71
c 1
d 1
They are equal.
f tan 135 = tan 45
0.64
b 0.77
c 0.84
d 0.83
They are approx. equal. f tan 220 = tan 40
0.87
b 0.5
c 1.73
d 1.74
They are approx. equal. f tan 300 = tan 60
c
15 a --2
c
16 a ---6
10 c
d --------9
c
b ---3
2 c
b ------5
c
e --2
c
c
f
4 c
------3
5 c
------4
4 c
------15
0.5
90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

0
0.5 0.87 1 0.87 0.5
0.5 0.87 1 0.87 0.5
0.5
0.5
0.87
0.87
y
y = cosx
1
0
90
180
270
360
450
540
630
720
answers
8 The graph would continue with the cycle.

9 It is a very similar graph with the same shape;
however, the sine graph starts at (0, 0), whereas the
cosine graph starts at (0, 1).
10 a 0.7
b 0.99
c 1
d 0.9
e 0.5
f 0.8
g 0.8
h 0.96
11 a 120, 240, 480, 600
b 37, 323, 397, 683
c 46, 314, 406, 674
d 127, 233, 487, 593
e 26, 334, 386, 694
f 154, 206, 514, 566
Summary
O A
1 ---- , ---- , tan , hypotenuse 2
H H
3 right-angled
4
5 depression
6
7 north, east or west
8
9 radius
10
trigonometric ratios
elevation
northsouth line
clockwise
Pythagorean
755
Answers
11 rearranged
12 tangent
13 unit circle, 90 and 180, 180 and 270
14 cos , sin
15 radians, degrees
c
180
16 --------17 ----------180
3 a Not drawing an ace

b Drawing a red card
c Obtaining a 4 or a 5
133
4 a --23b -------156
1
-----12
5 a
Chapter review
1
2
3
4
5
6
b 0.511
c 24.898
b 63
c 4213
b 1623.10 c 0.8168
a 0.276
a 5649
a 0.848
D
B
D
d 0
d 3.368
450
360
270
90
180
1
-----10
17
-----30
1
-----10
4 a i
b i
5 A
6
ii
9
-----80
1
-----16
iii
iii
1
-----10
1
--4
3
-----10
3
-----20
1
--5
7 a
8 a
1
-----13
e 0
9 a
1
--5
iv
7
-----40
Relative frequency
or 0.1
or 0.25
or 0.3
or 0.15
or 0.2
f = 20
1
--5
450
360
13 a
270
1
--5
17
-----80
ii
4
--5
1.00
1
-----10
3
-----10
1
--4
1
--2
1
--2
7
-----20
11
-----20
1
--8
and
12
-----13
d 0
1
--6
1
--2
and Pr(Robyn wins) =
1
--2
11 a C
b D
c E
12 Yes. Both have a probability of 1--2- .
y = cosx
90
3
-----20
1
-----16
b Yes. Pr(Azi wins) =
1
180
1
--8
Pr(Robyn rolls a 5) =
5
--6
27
9
-----10
10 a No. Pr(Azi rolls a 5) =
1
0
1 a
3 a
y = sinx
5
--------312
7
-----13
Exercise 13A Probability revision

2
O
O
O
7 a tan = ---- b sin = ---c cos = ---A
H
A
8 a 17.48 m b 5335 c 5120
d 15.02
9 4032
10 17.6 m
11 26.86 m
12 a 11.04 cm b 15.6 cm c 592
13 a h = x tan 4748 m
h = (x + 64) tan 3624 m
b 129.07 m c 144.29 m
14 a 346T
b 156T
c 217T
d 048T
15 a S52E
b N66W
c N34E
d S38W
16 67.98 km
17 4.16 km
18 a 0.951
b 0.527
19 a 0.888
b 0.613
20 a 0.467
b 14.114
21 cos = 0.929, tan = 0.397
22 a 0.8
b 0.64
c 0.5
d 0.34
5 c
2 c
3 c
23 a -----b -----c -----2
3
9
c
c
4
c
24 a ---b -----c --8
5
5
25 a 72
b 300
c 216
26 y
answers
3
7 13
17
2
Chapter 13 Probability
b i
Are you ready?
iv
2
--3
15
1
9
19
8
20
4
16
12
10
14
18
10
-----20
1
--2
ii
4
-----20
1
--5
12
-----20
3
--5
8
-----20
2
--5
14 a Pr(A B)
c Pr(A B)
iii
2
-----20
1
-----10
b Pr(X Y)
d Pr(A C B)
12G
1 a Set A: 3, Set B: 4, Set C: 4

b 4
c 2
2 a 1--4b 1--9c
B
5
11
13A
answers
756
Answers
15 a i
Volleyball
10
15
Exercise 13B Complementary events
Walking
1 a
38
2 20% or
17
ii
3 a i
Tennis
Volleyball
Walking
10
15
7 D
8 a
8
17
iii
Volleyball
Walking
10
15
38
8
2
17
b 96
c i
35
-----96
21
-----32
ii
8
-----96
ii
23
-----96
16 a
1
-----12
= 30
Volleyball
Soccer
1
7
2
b i
1
--2
ii
1
--6
c i
1
--2
ii
8
-----15
iii
9
-----50
41
-----50
47
-----50
12
-----25
1
-----26
1
-----18
1
--9
4
--5
7
-----18
1
-----30
iv
2
--5
7
-----15
10
13
-----25
18
1 39
2 a 36
3 17 576 000
ii 23
ii --57ii
1
-----36
Exercise 13C Mutually exclusive

events
1
b i 25
18
c i ----35
4
--7
21 A
9
-----10
4
--5
Graph book
19 43
20 a 1--6-
= 35
3
-----10
1
-----10
Tennis
Calculator
18 a
b Yes
5 54
6 Getting a number greater than 2
9
7 90% or ----10
17 a
1
--5
1
--2
d i
1
--2
63
-----96
d i
ii
1
--5
11 No, getting 1 Tail is possible too.

12 a 1--8b 7--8-
Tennis
12
-----13
9 a No. There are many other foods one could have.

b No. There are other means of transport, for
example, catching a bus.
c No. There are other possible leisure activities.
d No. The number 5 can be rolled too.
e Yes. There are only two possible outcomes;
passing or failing.
-----10 a 15
b 7--916
Tennis
16
-----25
5 C
6 a
38
1
-----13
iii
6
--7
iii
b $50
b
4
-----17
1
--7
1
--7
iv
c 94
c
1
--8
12
-----35
2
--3
2 a
8
-----25
19
-----25
9
-----25
3 a
7
-----26
2
-----13
3
-----13
4 C
5 No. The number 2 is common to both events.
6 a --59b --477 a
8
-----14
or
4
--7
2
-----14
or
1
--7
10
-----14
or
5
--7
757
Answers
9 a Yes
10 a i T
v F
3
b i ----16
1
--4
1
--2
ii F
vi F
ii 1--8-
5
-----16
c i
4
-----13
iii
5
--8
iii
3
--4
iv F
3
-----16
iv

25
Area inside the smaller circle ( --------- cm2) is larger than
4
24
the area between the circles ( --------- cm2).
4
Exercise 13D Two-way tables and

tree diagrams
1 a
Die 1 outcomes
Die 2 outcomes
(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6)
(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4, 6) (4, 7) (4, 8)
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6) (5, 7) (5, 8)
(6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5) (6, 6) (6, 7) (6, 8)
(7, 1) (7, 2) (7, 3) (7, 4) (7, 5) (7, 6) (7, 7) (7, 8)
(8, 1) (8, 2) (8, 3) (8, 4) (8, 5) (8, 6) (8, 7) (8, 8)
1
--8
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6)
1
-----12
(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6) (3, 7) (3, 8)
1
2
(6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5) (6, 6)
(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4, 6)
(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6) (2, 7) (2, 8)
1
2
(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6)
(1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6) (1, 7) (1, 8)
(1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6)
2 a
1
--8
1
--8
3
R
B
Outcomes Probability
1
RRR
8
1
RRB
8
R
B
RBR
RBB
R
B
BRR
BRB
R
B
BBR
BBB
3
--8
3
--8
7
--8
1
--2
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
Die outcomes
Coin
outcomes
10
H (H, 1) (H, 2) (H, 3) (H, 4) (H, 5) (H, 6) (H, 7) (H, 8) (H, 9) (H, 10)
T (T, 1) (T, 2) (T, 3) (T, 4) (T, 5) (T, 6) (T, 7) (T, 8) (T, 9) (T, 10)
1
--5
c --14Green octahedron outcomes
3 a
1
Yellow octahedron outcomes
6
b
Green octahedron outcomes

1
iii T
3
-----16
ii
Yellow octahedron outcomes
1
-----13
8 a
answers
5 a
7
(1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6) (1, 7) (1, 8)
(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6) (2, 7) (2, 8)
(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6) (3, 7) (3, 8)
(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4, 6) (4, 7) (4, 8)
1
3
1
6
1
2
1
3
1
6
1
3
1
6
1
2
1
2
1
3
2 Outcomes Probability
1
RR
9
1
6
G
B
RB
GR
GG
GB
BR
BG
BB
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6) (5, 7) (5, 8)
(6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5) (6, 6) (6, 7) (6, 8)
(7, 1) (7, 2) (7, 3) (7, 4) (7, 5) (7, 6) (7, 7) (7, 8)
b {(R, R), (R, G), (R, B)}

c 1--3-
(8, 1) (8, 2) (8, 3) (8, 4) (8, 5) (8, 6) (8, 7) (8, 8)
7
-----18
18
1
6
1
18
1
36
1
12
1
6
1
12
1
4
13B
1
2
RG
13D
answers
758
Answers
6 a
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
B
G
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
BBB
8
1
BBG
8
B
G
BGB
BGG
B
G
GBB
GBG
B
G
GGB
GGG
1
4
1
1
2
1
4
1
2
1
4
1
4
2
1
4
1
4
1
2
1
4
3
1
4
b No
c i 1--48 a
1
4
3
4
3
4
R'
1
4
R'
1
-----64
5
6
t'
1
6
23
31
32
33
13 a
10
3
--8
iv
3
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
R
R'
RR' R
RR' R'
R
R'
R' RR
R' RR'
R
R'
R' R' R
R' R' R'
S'
3
4
2
-----15
t't
36
t't'
25
36
S'
SS'
16
S'S
16
S'
S'S'
16
Sample space = {SS, SS, SS, SS}

1
9
-----c ----d --3816
16
BB
15
6
9
BG
15
4
9
GB
15
5
9
GG
1
--3
c
1
A
1
3
1
2
1
3
1
3
D
1
3
1
2
1
-----36
5
-----18
25
-----36
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
H
F
1
3 G
1
3
H
1
3
F
G
H
1
3
1
3
1
3
11
-----36
F
G
1
3
D
1
3
F
G
H
1
3
1
3
F
G
H
1
3
1
3
1
3
e No
C
1
3
8
-----15
d
2
1
3
64
9
64
3
64
9
64
9
64
27
64
3
9
1
3
1
SS
16
1
--4
9
-----16
27
-----64
1
4
1
R
RRR
64
3
R'
RRR'
64
tt'
1
3
10
1
8
1
16
1
16
1
tt
36
1
3
1
8
1
16
1
16
t'
1
3
1
--4
1
8
1
8
36
1
4
22
3
4
t'
1
3
1
4
5
6
3
4
d
2
1
6
1
4
21
27
-----64
11 a
3
4
R'
5
6
13
1
4
3
4
1
6
12
3
4
1
3
3
4
1
4
14 a
1
4
1
3
1
3
1
3
iii
1
XY
Y
12
1
W
XW
12
1
XZ
Z
12
1
X
YX
12
1
1
3W
YW
12
1
YZ
Z
12
1
X
WX
12
1
1
3Y
WY
12
1
WZ
Z
12
1
X
ZX
12
1
1
3
ZY
Y
12
1
ZW
W
12
1
3
1
4
1
11
1
4
1
--2
ii
1
4
b
9 E
10
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
b 3
c 3--8d They are equally likely.
e --787 a
1
2
1
2
12
F
G
H
18
1
18
1
18
ACF
ACG
ACH
18
1
18
1
18
1
18
1
18
1
18
1
18
1
18
1
18
1
18
1
18
1
18
1
18
1
18
1
18
ADF
ADG
ADH
AEF
AEG
AEH
BCF
BCG
BCH
BDF
BDG
BDH
BEF
BEG
BEH
Sample space = {ACF, ACG, . . . , BEG, BEH}

1
--c 1--62
15 a
RR
1
4
RG
1
4
1
2
GR
1
4
1
2
GG
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
--2
1
--2
759
Answers
1
RR
6
16 a
R
2
4
2
4
1
3
2
3
2
3
1
3
RG
1
3
GR
1
3
GG
1
6
1
--3
2
--3
3 a
Results obtained differ to those in question 15 as the

first counter is not replaced, altering the probability
of drawing the second counter as displayed in the
tree diagram.
Die outcomes
1
Probability
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
6
-----36
1
--6
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
6
-----36
1
--6
3
Die
outcomes 4
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
6
-----36
1
--6
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
6
-----36
1
--6
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
6
-----36
1
--6
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
1
-----36
6
-----36
1
--6
6
Probability ----- =
(36 18 3 ) cm2 4.8 cm2
36
Exercise 13E Independent and

dependent events
1 a Yes
1
2 ----40
3
5
-----36
4
5
6
7
-----a 16
25
a 0.28
a C
3
a ----77
ii
64
b -------125
b 0.12
b D
-----b 48
77
1
-----37
8 a
1
--2
b i
1
c ----25
c 0.42
1
-----------1369
1
--6
1
--5
1
-----10
12 a
1
-----17
1
--------221
25
--------102
26
--------145
136
--------435
13 a
1
-----20
5
-----20
2
-----20
2
-----20
10
-----20
1
--2
Tails
2
-----20
4
-----20
2
-----20
2
-----20
10
-----20
1
--2
Probability
3
-----20
9
-----20
1
--2
ii
13
-----20
2 a
iii
4
-----20
1
--5
Red
1
-----12
1
-----12
1
-----12
1
-----12
4
-----12
1
--3
Blue
1
-----12
1
-----12
1
-----12
1
-----12
4
-----12
1
--3
Green
1
-----12
1
-----12
1
-----12
1
-----12
4
-----12
1
--3
11
-----12
Green Yellow Probability
1 3
--- -----4 12
1 3
--- -----4 12
1
--2
1
--4
1 6
--- -----6 36
20
-----36
1
--6
5
--9
35
--------120
40
--------120
75
--------120
5
--8
21
--------120
24
--------120
45
--------120
3
--8
56
--------120
7 64
------ --------15 120
Probability
8
-----15
61
--------120
Dart 1
B
Probability
0.16
0.12
0.08
0.04
0.40
0.12
0.09
0.06
0.03
0.30
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.20
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.10
0.40 0.30
c 0.99
0.20
0.10
d 0.91
b 0.01
6 a
Drawer 1
G
Probability
0.18
0.12
0.30
0.42
0.28
0.70
Probability
0.60
0.40
b 0.46
7 a
Weather
S
Probability
0.42
0.28
0.70
0.18
0.12
0.30
0.60
0.40
Result
Probability
b 0.70
13D
1
-----12
1 3
--- -----4 12
1
--5
Blue
3
-----12
1 6
--- -----6 36
Drawer 2
Red
Probability
1 4
--- -----5 20
Spinner 1
Spinner 2
7
-----24
Probability
Heads
b i
35
--------120
1
--3
Red Green Blue Yellow Probability
Probability
18
-----77
221
--------435
1 6
--- -----6 36
Bag 1
Dart 2
4
-----20
1
-----18
Bag 2
Exercise 13F Karnaugh maps

1 a
2
-----36
5 a
4 a
9 0.9
1
10 ----14
1
--5
1 6
--- -----6 36
1
-----12
4
d ----25
d 0.18
8
-----77
73
-----------1369
11 a
11
-----36
1 6
--- -----6 36
answers
13F
answers
760
Answers
7
9
8 a 20
b i ----ii ----10
20
c Events A and B are not independent.
d
Probability
6
-----20
3
-----20
9
-----20
8
-----20
3
-----20
11
-----20
Probability
14
-----20
9 a
7
-----10
6
-----20
3
-----10
Probability
11
-----40
6
-----40
17
-----40
17
-----40
6
-----40
23
-----40
28
-----40
28
-----40
7
-----10
7
-----10
12
-----40
3
-----10
17
-----40
ii
c Events A and B are not independent since

Pr(A B) Pr(A) Pr(B).
10 a
A
121
--------400
99
--------400
220
--------400
11
-----20
99
--------400
81
--------400
180
--------400
9
-----20
220
--------400
Probability
b i
220
--------400
11
-----20
11
-----20
ii
12
-----40
220
--------400
Probability
3
-----10
11
-----20
c Events A and B are independent since

Pr(A B) = Pr(A) Pr(B).
11 a
x
A
2
1
b
12 a
2
--3
1
--4
15
-----52
17
-----18
3
--8
5
--9
1
-----12
1
--6
5
10
9
-----10
Probability
AA
0.36
AB
0.24
1 a
BA
0.24
Summary
BB
0.16
A
Probability
0.36
0.24
0.60
0.24
0.16
0.40
Probability
0.60
0.40
c 0.84
1
--3
1 a The outcome depends upon whether it is a Test

match or a one-day game and how effective the
bowlers and batsmen are; not forgetting the pitch
usually favours spin bowling.
b The outcome depends on which team is best on the
day and which team can adjust to the conditions.
c No. The third one has an equal chance of being a
girl or a boy.
d This is not necessarily true. Current position and
form of both teams should be used as a gauge.
e It does not mean it will rain again on Friday.
f There is no certainty about that. It depends upon
the condition of your house.
g Cricket games are not won or lost by the
attractiveness of the uniform.
h It is possible to get 6 Heads in a row on a normal
coin.
i They will have a good chance but there is no
certainty. The country with the better competitors
on the day of each event will win.
j This is dependent on the persons country or state
of origin.
2 a You still have a chance.
b No horse is certain to win. Lots of problems can
occur on the track.
c This is not true. Even though Heads and Tails have
equal chances, it does not mean half the results
will show Heads.
d Favourites do not always win.
e Sometimes outsiders pay well, if you back the
right one! You can lose more money than you win.
3 a There is a contradiction. The job was never hers.
She had to do well to win the position.
b The team may have had a lead but a match is won
when finished.
c No horse is sure to win.
4 Answers will vary. Class discussion required as there
are many factors to consider.
Outcome
4
-----13
Exercise 13G Subjective probability
Probability
b i
1
2
3
4
1
-----20
1
-----20
1950
2 ------------------- or 0.0166
117 453
chance, likelihood
zero, one
event
equally-likely
number of times an event has occurred
5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------total number of trials
frequency of the score
6 --------------------------------------------------------total sum of frequencies
n(E )
7 -----------n(S )
761
Answers
8 odds
b
a
9 ------------ , -----------a+b a+b
10 complementary
11 Pr(A) + Pr(A) = 1
12 mutually exclusive
13 Pr(A B) = Pr(A) + Pr(B)
14 Pr(A B) = Pr(A) + Pr(B) Pr(A B)
15 two-way tables, tree diagrams, Venn diagrams
16 independent
17 Pr(A B) = Pr(A) Pr(B)
18 Karnaugh map
19 Subjective
11 a
15 a No
4
c ----13
1
-----13
4 a
1
--4
b
A
2
-----13
3
--4
and Pr(B) =
1
-----13
1
--6
, Pr(A B) =
1
-----52
Die 1 outcomes
Die 2 outcomes
3 a
1
--2
b Pr(A) = 1--4- , Pr(B) =
or 0.8
5
--8
b Pr(A) =
16 a
1 a and d are equally likely; b and c are not.

4
--5
12 C
13 B
14 a Yes
c --23-
Chapter review
2
3
--8
answers
(1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6)
(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6)
(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6)
(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4, 6)
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6)
(6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5) (6, 6)
b 6
c No. Frequency of numbers is different.
d
Sum
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
b
Frequency 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
e i
1
-----36
ii
1
--6
iii
1
-----18
1
-----36
ii
1
--6
iii
1
-----18
g 50
17 a
A
ii 7
3
ii ----50
iii 25
6
iii ----25
c i
iv 8
ii
= 50
Fried
rice
1
-----25
Chicken
wings
4
10
6
12
b
c
d
e
18 a
7 a
7
-----10
8 a 47
9 A
10 a
(2, 0) (2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3)
(3, 0) (3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3)
1
8
2
--7
b 16
b
7775
-----------7776
c $28
c
5
-----17
1
8
7
8
F'
1
8
7
8
F'
1
8
7
8
c 825
b i
1
--------512
F'
ii
343
--------512
7
8
7
8
7
8
7
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
F
F'
Outcomes
FFF
FFF'
F
F'
FF'F
FF'F'
F
F'
F'FF
F'FF'
F
F'
F'F'F
F'F'F'
iii
21
--------512
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
7
8
7
8
7
8
7
8
Probability
1
18 18 =
512
7
18 78 =
512
7
8
7
8
1
8
1
8
7
8
7
8
iv
1
8
7
8
1
8
7
8
1
8
7
8
11
--------256
7
=
512
49
= 512
7
=
512
49
=
512
49
=
512
343
=
512
13F
1
-----------7776
(0, 0) (0, 1) (0, 2) (0, 3)
4
--7
No
0 and 6
3
0 and 6, 1 and 5, 2 and 4
Dim sims
6 a
1 (1, 0) (1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3)
11
3
--7
5 a i 50
b i 1--2-
Die 1 outcomes
Die 2 outcomes
13G
762
Answers
19 a
(H, 1) (H, 2) (H, 3) (H, 4)
(T, 1) (T, 2) (T, 3) (T, 4)
b
1
4
1
2
1
1
1
1 H1
2 4 = 8
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
2
1
4
1
8
H3
1
2
1
4
1
8
H4
1
2
1
4
1
8
T1
1
4
1
4
T2
1
2
1
2
1
8
1
8
T3
1
2
1
4
1
8
T4
1
2
1
4
1
4
1
4
H2
1
4
1
2
1
4
b The teams win or loss depends upon how other

players bat and bowl or how the other team plays.
c There is an equal chance of having a boy or a
girl.
26 a If you were defeated, the opponent was the
winner.
b The slowest motocross rider could not win the
race. He/she must have been fastest.
c The person elected was the most popular choice
for the position.
Die outcomes
Coin
outcomes
answers
Chapter 14 Statistics
Are you ready?
1 a Suitable
c Suitable
2 Junior school:
Middle school:
1
--4
Senior school:
Die
1
1
--8
1
--8
1
--8
1
--8
4
--8
1
--2
1
--8
1
--8
1
--8
1
--8
4
--8
1
--2
Coin
Probability
2
--8
1
--4
2
--8
1
--4
2
--8
1
--4
2
--8
Probability
1
--4
20 B
21 a
1
-----19
21
-----38
22 a
1
--------169
1
--------221
15
-----38
23 a
DVD
S
15
-----80
9
-----80
24
-----80
3
-----10
35
-----80
21
-----80
56
-----80
7
-----10
50
-----80
Probability
b i
15
-----80
3
-----16
ii
24 a
b i
5
--8
30
-----80
59
-----80
Probability
3
--8
iii
1
21
-----80
16
-----50
14
-----50
30
-----50
3
--5
12
-----50
8
-----50
20
-----50
2
--5
Probability
28
-----50
14
-----25
28
-----50
14
-----25
ii
22
-----50
30
-----50
1
--2
13
-----43
17
-----86
3 a
b
c
4 a
Numerical, continuous
Categorical, nominal
Categorical, ordinal
Most popular: cartoons
least popular: documentaries and lifestyle programs
b 50
c 40
5 Junior 180
middle 109 senior 71
6 a 20%
b 42.9%
c 28.6%
7 a Number of kilograms: independent
total cost: dependent
b Temperature: independent
number of swimmers: dependent
c Age: independent
height: dependent
Exercise 14A Collecting data
Video
b Not suitable (irrelevant)
Probability
11
-----25
3
--5
c Events A and B are not independent since

Pr(A B) Pr(A) Pr(B).
25 a Whether it rains or not on Thursday is not
affected by what happened on Monday, Tuesday
or Wednesday. It can still rain on Thursday.
1 By observation: a, e, f, i.
By questioning: b, c, d, g, h.
3 a Suitable, as it requires yes/no answers
b Suitable, as it requires yes/no answers
c Suitable, as the answers can be easily put into
categories main course, dessert, entree and so
on.
d Suitable, as the answers can be easily put into
categories daily, once a week, and so on.
e Not suitable, as it requires a lengthy response
f Not suitable; it is an ambiguous question; the
answer will probably depend on who the
somebody is.
g Suitable, as the answers can be easily put into
categories excellent, good, fair, poor
h Not suitable, because it is irrelevant
4 a 14
b Assign the numbers 1200 to each member; put
200 numbered pieces of paper in a container and
mix; select 15 pieces and match selected
numbers with the corresponding names on the
list. Another method could involve the use of a
graphics calculator.
Answers
5 a B
b B
6 Answers will vary for each example. One possible
solution has been provided.
a By the year the student is enrolled in
b By gender
c By the course they are enrolled in
d By the university they graduated from
7 9 customers in total: 3 customers with standard
phone line connection and 6 with broadband
8 D
Exercise 14B Presenting categorical

and discrete data
1 Categorical: a, d, f, h, k Numerical: b, c, e, g, i, j, l
2 Discrete: g, j
Continuous: b, c, e, i, l
3 Nominal: a, d, f, h, k
Ordinal: none
4
Favourite
movies
f
Ch
a
rli
ea
Th
nd The e In
the Fa cre
Ch nta dibl
oc stic es
ola F
te ou
Fa r
Be
cto
nd
ry
it
Li
ke Shr
Be ek
ck
ha
m
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1C
July
April and October
21
A country in the Northern Hemisphere where
winter is in DecemberFebruary and summer is
in JuneAugust.
6 a C
b C
c D
d C
e D
7
f
Model A
5 a
b
c
d
e
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Model B
Model C
2003 2004 2005 2006

Year
Happy meal deals

Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
10
b 1
c 9
Marks obtained in a maths test
A+
11
B+ B
Marks
C+
Promotional advertising budget

Radio commercials 10%
TV commercials 45%
Newspaper ads 5%
Womens
magazine ads 25%
Promotions
in major shops 12%
12 a
Beauty salons
promotion 3%
Mayas day
Work
Travel
Cooking
Eating
b 50%
Sleep
Shopping
Watching TV
Housework
c 8.33%
13 Key: 1| 2 = 12 years of age

Stem Leaf
1 2789
2 01346789
3 245
4 568
5 19
6 124679
7 35
8 02
14 a Key: 4 | 2 = 42 seconds
Leaf Stem
Boys
98
3
98765322
4
100
5
Leaf
Girls
0246789
012689
b Key: 4 | 2 = 42 seconds
4* | 7 = 47 seconds
Leaf Stem Leaf
Boys
Girls
98
3*
024
4*
322
4*
6789
98765
5*
012
100
5*
689
c Graph in part b. The smaller categories better
show the spread of the data.

Piece D
14A
= 10 Happy meal deals
9 a 2
763
answers
14B
764
120129
130139
140149
150159
160169
170179
Total
Data
8 a 35
f
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
100 150 200 250 300 350 400
f
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Class interval
f
20
15
10
5
0
2029
3039
4049
Total
30
b and c
f
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
10 20 30 40 50
Number of books
d and f
Data
Cumulative frequency
Frequency
1019
110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
100
30
25
20
15
10
5
75
50
25
10
4 E
5
d 22
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Data
c 50
09
Size of house (m2)
3 a
b 25
9 a
30
2 a and b
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
100
80
60
40
20
0
20
30
40
50
Cumulative frequency (%)
Class interval
50
40
30
20
10
0
Frequency
Answers
Exercise 14C Representing data

grouped into class intervals
Number of books
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
ii 9
g i 18
ii 12
e i 13
h 50% of scores lie below 18 and 30% of scores lie
below 12
10 a
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Age
6
answers
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 60
Weekly spending ($)
7 a cf: 2, 6, 13, 23, 35, 43, 47, 50

%cf: 4, 12, 26, 46, 70, 86, 94, 100
Score
Frequency
04
59
1014
1519
2024
2529
3034
3539
4044
Total
30
765
Answers
5
4
3
2
1
0
2
3
4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Number of books
c There is more detail shown about the categories;

however, there is more information to take in.
11 D
d i 4.857
ii 4.8
iii 4.8
e i 12
ii 12.625
iii 13.5
Science: mean = 57.6, median = 57, mode = 42, 51
Maths: mean = 69.12, median = 73, mode = 84
a i 5.83
ii 6
iii 6
b i 14.425
ii 15
iii 15
a Mean = 2.5, median = 2.5
b Mean = 4.09, median = 3
c Median
a 72 --23b 72
Frequency

j, f, g, b, i, k, h, c, e, a, d
Key
M=
E =
H =
G =
Mathematics
English
History
Geography
c
6 a
b
7 a
8 a
b
Geography
Maths
English
8 Key: 13 | 5 = 135 cm
Leaf Stem Leaf
Girls
Boys
9
13
8832
14
221
15
23
9
16
1129
17
18
15
19
1
40 50 60 70 80 90 100
09
1019
10
2029
15
3039
18
4049
23
5059
26
6069
29
7079
30
Total
30
10 16 minutes
Exercise 14D Measures of central

tendency
25
20
15
10
5
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Amount spent ($)
d The mean is slightly underestimated; the median

is exact. The estimate is good enough as it
provides a guide only to the amount that may be
spent by future customers.
9 a 3
b 4, 5, 5, 5, 6 (one possible solution)
c One possible solution is to exchange 15 with 20.
14C
iii 8
iii 4, 7
iii no mode
; median = $30
30
ii 8
ii 7
ii 44.5
Mean = $32.50
15 30 45 60 75 Number of sit-ups
1 a i 7
b i 6.875
c i 39.125
10
Cumulative
frequency
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
15
Frequency
20
70<80
i 124.83
ii 120 <129
i 66.33
ii 66 <70
B
b B
c C
d E
Mean = $32.93, median = $30
Class interval
Favourite subjects
History
25
Data
Favourite subjects
20
15
10
5
0
30
Questioning
70
2529
44
Numerical continuous
Frequency
1
2
3
4
5
6
answers
14D
766
Answers
b Men: mean = 32.3; median = 32.5; range = 38;

IQR = 14
Women: mean = 29.13; median = 27.5;
range = 36; IQR = 13
c No outliers
d Typically, women marry younger than men
although the spread of ages is similar.
Exercise 14E Measures of spread

1 a 15
2 a 7
3 a 3.3 kg
4 a
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
b 77.1
b 7
b 1.5 kg
c 9
c 8.5
d 39
Exercise 14F Bivariate data

1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Battery life (h)
ii QL = 58, QU = 67
iv 14
v 6
b i 62
iii 9
; IQR = 24
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Class interval
6 a
6
10.5
16.5
24
Independent
Number of hours
Rainfall
Hours in gym
Lengths of essay
Cost of care
Age of property
Number of applicants
Running speed
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
29
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Number of guests
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
i Range = 23
2
0
ii IQR = 13.5
19
10
35.5
20
30
40
i Range = 45
c
100
87
111
47
50
ii IQR = 27.5
120
136
90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140
i Range = 49
7 a
12 14
ii IQR = 20
18
26
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
b Range = 17, IQR = 6

8 a C
b C
9 a 1 3 8 15 24 28 30 39 40
3 a Perfectly linear, positive

b No correlation
c Non-linear, negative, moderate
d Strong, positive, linear
e No correlation
f Non-linear, positive, strong
g Perfectly linear, negative
h Moderate, negative, linear
i Weak, negative, linear
j Non-linear, moderate, positive
k Positive, moderate, linear
l Non-linear, strong, negative
m Strong, negative, linear
n Weak, positive, linear
o Non-linear, moderate, positive
4 a
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
b Outliers 1, 3 and 8 due to poor play, injury, tough

opposition. Outlier 40 due to team playing well,
improved skill, weaker opposition
10 a
Women
Men
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Age
Number of bags sold
Dependent
Test results
Attendance
Visits to the doctor
Memory taken
Attendance
Cost of property
Cut-off ENTER score
Heart rate
Cost ($1000)
5
answers
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Cost ($)
Answers
Total score (%)
Number of questions completed
Number of accidents
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Number of lessons
b Weak, negative, linear relation

c Various answers, such as some drivers are better
than others, live in lower traffic areas, traffic
conditions and so on.
8 a T
b F
c T
d F
e T
9 B
10 C
11 D
Mean = 30.3, median = 29, mode = 18

Mean = 31.8, median = 38, mode = 46
1.1
$2.63
$2.25
50
2
48
26
0
10
20
30
40
50
60 Goals
2 a and b
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
8 10 12 14 16 18
Hours worked
c Using (8, 47) and (12, 74), the equation is

E = 6.75h 7
d On average, students were paid $6.75 per hour.
3 a 38
b 18
4 a i 460
ii 290
iii 130
b i 39
ii 24
iii 6
c y = 11.71x + 548.57
d y-values: i 466.60 ii 290.95 iii 127.01
x-values: i 36.60 ii 24.64 iii 5.86
5 a
165
160
155
150
145
140
135
130
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
Number of people
b Using (1, 75) and (5, 150), the equation is

C = 18.75x + 56.25
c On average, weekly cost of food increases by
$18.75 for every extra person.
d i $206.25
ii $225.00 iii $243.75
14E
scored
c Using (23, 3) and (56, 8), the equation is

5
16
- d -----P = ----33
33
9 10
b Strong, positive, linear correlation

c Various answers some students are of
different ability levels.
7 a
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Distance travelled (km)
b Moderate positive linear correlation. There is

evidence to show that the larger the number of
bedrooms, the higher the price of the house.
c Various answers; location, age, number of people
interested in the house, and so on.
6 a
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Number of bedrooms
Earnings ($)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Note: Answers may vary depending on the line of best

fit drawn.
1 a and b
Petrol used (L)
420
400
380
360
340
320
300
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
Exercise 14G Lines of best fit
Cost of food ($)
Price ($1000)
b Negative, linear, moderate. The price of the bag

appears to affect the number sold; the more
expensive the bag, the fewer sold.
5 a
767
answers
14G
768
Answers
b Positive, strong,
linear correlation;
M = 0.247t 6.408
c With every week of
gestation the mass
of the baby
increases by 247 g.
d 3.719 kg; 3.966 kg
e 1.002 kg
f 36 weeks
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
3 a
Sales ( $1000)
Mass (kg)
6 a
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Weeks
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
130
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Quarter
2002
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516
Day
2004
2005 Year
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
b M = 0.973d + 1.285
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month
2004
c Each day Rachels crystal gains 0.973 g in mass.

d 7.123 g; 8.096 g; 13.934 g; 14.907 g; interpolation
(within the given range of 116)
e 17.826 g; 18.799 g; predictions are not reliable,
since they were obtained using extrapolation
8 a D b C
9 E
Exercise 14H Time series

1 a Linear, downward
b Non-linear, upward
e Non-linear, downward
f Non-linear, stationary in the mean

g Non-linear, stationary in the mean
Enrolment
d Linear, upward
h Linear, upward
May temperature
2006
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Year
Upward linear
b In 2011 expected amount = 122
7 a
14
Number of children
18.0
17.8
17.6
17.4
17.2
17.0
16.8
16.6
16.4
16.2
16.0
15.8
15.6
15.4
15.2
15.0
14.8
14.6
14.4
14.2
14.0
2005
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
13
12
11
10
9
8
(1, 7)
7
6
(8, 11)
Day
June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
b Linear downward trend
Year
b General upward trend with peaks around

December and troughs around April.
c Peaks around Christmas where people have lots of
parties, troughs around April where weather gets
colder and people less inclined to go out
d Yes. Peaks in December, troughs in April
5 a Peaks around Christmas holidays and a minor peak
at Easter. No camping in colder months.
b Check with your teacher.
6 a
120
c Non-linear, stationary in the mean
2 a
2003
b Sheepskin products more popular in winter

discount sales, increase in sales, and so on.
c No trend
4 a
Revenue ($1000)
Mass (g)
7 a
Temperature (C)
answers
Month
b Yes, the graph shows an upward trend.

45
c y = --47- x + ----7
d i 15
ii 18 (The assumption made was that
business will continue on a linear upward trend.)
8 The trend is non-linear, therefore unable to forecast
future sales.
3 a
b
c
d
e
f
i
i
i
i
i
i
Categorical
Numerical
Categorical
Numerical
Numerical
Categorical
Dessert
Answers
Sacher
torte
Chocolate
mud cake
Lemon
tang cake
Chocolate
mousse
Pavlova
4 a
1 One possible answer is 2, 3, 10, 12, 13.

2 When the two sets each contain the same number of
data or when both sets have the same mean.
3 5, 5, 4, 1, 0
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
40
42
Chapter review
1 a i Suitable
ii Yes, no
b i Suitable
ii Very difficult; difficult; moderate; not difficult;
easy
c i Suitable
ii Under 5, 510, 1015 and so
on.
d i Suitable
ii Mathematical methods,
English, Chemistry and so on.
e i Not suitable requires lengthy answer
f i Not suitable ambiguous
g i Suitable
ii Yes, no, unsure
h i Suitable
ii Just empty box for the actual
score
b
Lemon
tang Chocolate
cake
mousse
Chocolate
mud
cake
Pavlova
Sacher
torte
Dessert
5 Key: 1 | 6 = 16 calculators
Leaf Stem
Graphics calculator
9632
0
987520
1
96440
2
630
3
4
6 a
Class interval
Leaf
Scientific calculator
678
0158
0368
02589
13
Frequency
20<30
30<40
40<50
50<60
60<70
70<80
80<90
90<100
Total
30
14H
2 a Assign numbers to every employee (from 1 to

290); select 17 numbers randomly and match with
the names of employees.
b Select 5 programmers and 12 technicians at
random.
ii Discrete
ii Continuous
Pa
vlo
Ch va
o
m col
ou at
sse e
tan Le
g c mo
a n
C ke
m hoc
ud ol
c a
Sa ake te
ch
er
tor
te
23
questioning
2 random, target
chance
strata, randomly, proportional, population
square root
categorical, measured, counted, categorised
discrete
8 stem-and-leaf
frequency
10 symbols
observation
12 sector
increasing
14 continuous, class intervals
polygons
16 gaps
midpoints
18 ogive
total
20 percentile
quantile
22 central tendency
x
fx
average
24 x = ------ , x = -------n
n
n+1
-----------26 50th percentile
2
highest
28 modal
spread
30 lowest
upper, lower
32 QL, QU
five-number
34 bivariate
scatterplot
36 independent, dependent
correlation, positive 38 linear, best fit
interpolation, extrapolation
reliable
41 time series
general trends
ii Continuous
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415
Summary
1
3
4
5
6
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
769
answers
14H
770
Answers
9 a
f
5
4
3
2
1
0
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
100
75
50
25
0
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Attendance
ii 14
e i 8
using raw data:
i 8
ii 14
g i 45
ii 70
7 a Mean = 11.55; median = 10; mode = 8
b Mean = 36; median = 36; mode = 33, 41
c Mean = 72.18; median = 72; mode = 72
8 a Mean = 32.03; median = 29.5
b
Frequency
Class interval
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
b Year 7: mean = 26.83; median = 27; range = 39;

IQR = 19; sd = 11.45
Year 12: mean = 40.7; median = 39.5; range = 46;
IQR = 20; sd = 12.98
c The typing speed of Year 12 students is about 13
to 14 wpm faster than that of Year 7 students. The
spread of data in Year 7 is slightly less than in
Year 12.
10 iii Calculate % cf
ii Construct an ogive
iii Find the 25th and the 75th percentiles from ogive
iv Calculate IQR
11 a Number of questions independent; mark on a
test dependent
b
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Test result
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Number of students attending
d and f
Year 12
Year 7
b and c
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
09
1019
2029
3039
4049
c y=
5059
d i 12.33
13 a and b
6069
Total
30
d
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Number of questions
c Strong, positive, linear correlation; the larger the

number of completed revision questions, the
higher the mark on the test.
d Different abilities of the students
12 a i 12.5 ii 49
b i 12
ii 22.5
22
-----15
Length (cm)
c Mean = 31.83
answers
7
--3
ii 49
and i 11.82
ii 22.05
L
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920 n
Week
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Age
e Median = 30
f Estimates from part c and e were fairly accurate.
g Yes, they were fairly close to the mean and
median of the raw data.
L = 1.062n + 19.814
c 25.124 cm; 27.248 cm; 29.372 cm; 31.496 cm;
32.558 cm; 35.774 cm; 36.806 cm; 38.93 cm;
39.992 cm
d Interpolation (within the given range of 120)
e 42.116 cm; 43.178 cm; 44.24 cm
f Not reliable, because extrapolation has been used.
Answers
Number of occupants
14 a Linear downward
c
3 23 22 21 20
4 30 29
5 50 49 48 47 46
b The trend is linear.
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
Create a mathematical model of a

complicated situation
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
2009
Year
About 65 occupants
d Assumes that the current trend will continue.
Strategies for investigation and

problem solving
Create a table, then look for a pattern
or a result
1 a 3.2
b 2.4
e 2.9
f 1.2
2 s = 4 units
3 Radius = 3 units
4 x=2
5 x = 5 and x = 2
c 3.1
g 2.7
d 3.2
h 4.5
1
2
3
4
5
Approximately 12.30 pm on day 5.

Approximately 1.10 pm on day 2.
Approximately 4 pm on day 3.
Approximately 9.55 am on day 2.
Approximately 8.15 am on day 3.
Communicating, reasoning and

reflecting
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Draw a diagram, then look for a

pattern or a result
1 48
5 294
2 243
6 32
3 108
7 40
4 54
8 405
Set up equations and find a solution,

making use of technology such as a
computer spreadsheet
1 a 3.214 466
b 2.434 838 c 3.115 163
d 3.229 708
e 2.942 268 f 1.165 427
g 2.724 775
h 4.526 176
2 x = 1.584 973
3 The population is predicted to reach 1000 during the
year 2012.
4 x = 11.18
5 13.5 minutes
10
Work backwards from the answer

1
2
3
4
5
$1240
$48 900
$75
Original price = $177.95
Overall discount = 33.5%
11
Use a process of elimination

1
2
3
4
5
771
4 motorboats
4 orchestral CDs
7 kitchens
8 tractors
7 tractors
Look at similar but simpler problems
12
x = 7 and x = 1
640
x = 0.314 980
35.875%
2 overlockers
10 9
About 4 pm on day 2
A spreadsheet could be set up with a column for the
independent variable, x, a column with the formula
for the first function and a column for the second
function. Finding the same value in both columns 2
and 3 would help solve the problem. Communicating
and reasoning involves stating those values of x for
which the second column had a lesser value than
those in the third column. Reflecting on this method,
it might be decided that finding the x-value was
difficult and that a better way to find it might be with
a fourth column of differences so that when the
differences change from positive to negative the
required x-value is close.
A spreadsheet of interest returns throughout the year
will indicate that Soonju is ahead in interest during
the year but will ultimately end up with the same
interest at the end of the year. Communicating and
reasoning is in terms of the spreadsheet and
formulae used. On reflection, it might be reasonable
to ponder the effect of weekly or even daily interest
calculations (which some financial organisations
offer).
Communication and reasoning would involve
mention of all measures of central tendency, leading
to the most appropriate in this case. Reflection might
involve other scenarios for which the same measure
is again appropriate.
Mario really needs a first estimate of the value of x,
so that the spreadsheet he sets up will not be
enormous. He will also then be able to use smaller
increments to find x accurately. On reflection, it
might be apparent how necessary it is to quickly find
a rough estimate of the solution in order to narrow
down the options and quickly find the better
approximation of the answer.
A sketch using all information will ensure that an
appropriate trigonometry equation is set up. If no
sketch was made, and the solution was unnecessarily
lengthy and/or erroneous, reflection might lead us to
recommend a sketch in a similar sort of problem in
the future.
14H
1 87654321
2 9876
answers
14H

MQ 10 Surds Answers

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705

Exercise 1B Finite and recurring

Are you ready?

b 5.428 571 c 13.83

iii Dad ate ,

Maths Quest challenge (page 7)

(Other answers possible)

Exercise 1C Irrational numbers

Exercise 1A Operations with

Maths Quest 10/ Final Pages / 19/1/06

5_61_03274_MQV10 - A 1-15_tb Page 705 Thursday, January 19, 2006 7:42 PM

History of mathematics Srinivasa

1 More than 100 theorems

Maths Quest 10/ Final Pages / 19/1/06

5_61_03274_MQV10 - A 1-15_tb Page 706 Thursday, January 19, 2006 7:42 PM

11 a Ralis answer is approximate, Tigs answer is

and 0.33 is only 0.003,

Maths Quest challenge (page 20)

Exercise 1E Addition and subtraction

Exercise 1F Multiplication and

Exercise 1D Simplifying surds

but has much more significance if taken over a

Exercise 1G Writing surd fractions

Chapter 2 Algebra and

Are you ready?

0.285 714 d 0.5

Exercise 2B Substituting into

Exercise 2A Operations with

abc and 3acb

Maths Quest 10/ Final Pages / 19/1/06

5_61_03274_MQV10 - A 1-15_tb Page 707 Thursday, January 19, 2006 7:42 PM

Maths Quest 10/ Final Pages / 19/1/06

5_61_03274_MQV10 - A 1-15_tb Page 708 Thursday, January 19, 2006 7:42 PM

6 a 4 In this case, multiplication is not closed on

15 In this case, multiplication is closed on

Exercise 2D Factorising using

Maths Quest challenge (page 56)

Exercise 2E Adding and subtracting

Exercise 2G Solving basic equations

Maths Quest challenge (page 69)

Exercise 2H Solving more complex

Exercise 2F Multiplying and dividing

Maths Quest 10/ Final Pages / 19/1/06

5_61_03274_MQV10 - A 1-15_tb Page 709 Thursday, January 19, 2006 7:42 PM

Maths Quest 10/ Final Pages / 19/1/06

5_61_03274_MQV10 - A 1-15_tb Page 710 Thursday, January 19, 2006 7:42 PM

Exercise 2I Solving inequations

Are you ready?

Chapter 3 Linear graphs

Maths Quest 10/ Final Pages / 19/1/06

5_61_03274_MQV10 - A 1-15_tb Page 711 Thursday, January 19, 2006 7:42 PM

Exercise 3A Plotting linear graphs

Maths Quest 10/ Final Pages / 19/1/06

5_61_03274_MQV10 - A 1-15_tb Page 712 Thursday, January 19, 2006 7:42 PM

Maths Quest challenge (page 85)

1 From top to bottom, the three numbers are 31, 25, 10

Exercise 3B Sketching linear graphs

Maths Quest 10/ Final Pages / 19/1/06

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Maths Quest 10/ Final Pages / 19/1/06

5_61_03274_MQV10 - A 1-15_tb Page 714 Thursday, January 19, 2006 7:42 PM

5 x-intercept = 10, y-intercept = 5

x-intercept: 0.5; y-intercept: 0.4

Exercise 3C Finding linear equations