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Product Proposal
HANDHELD CORDLESS VACUUM
February 26
th
, 2013
TEAM 6H























Executive Summary
Busy schedules and other priorities will no longer interfere with cleaning. Thanks to the
RipTide, customers can get the job done quickly and easily for only $49.99. Its
performance is comparable to the middle market products, while remaining cost-friendly.
This price point attracts stay-at-home parents, pet owners, car detailers, caretakers, and
anyone else looking for a reliable product at a low price.

The RipTide is the newest product in ACME Tool Companys product line of handheld
tools. The three primary selection criteria for the customers were cost, performance, and
capacity, and the RipTide satisfies each in its entirety. It utilizes the 18V NiCd battery
pack shared by the entire line and the brushed DC motor of the cordless drill. The
centrifugal fan provides the high-pressure differential needed to clean any mess. The high
capacity, transparent bin allows customers to finish the job without disruption and know
when the bin needs to be emptied. By utilizing similar components as the cordless drill, the
production costs can be reduced and the RipTide can be sold at a lower price. The high
performance and cost point will attract the casual user and also make the cleaning process
simple and worthwhile.

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary.. 1
1. Introduction.. 3
1.1. Problem Statement.. 3
1.2. Background Information 3-4
1.3. Project Planning ... 4
2. Customer Needs and Specifications.... 4
2.1. Identification of Customer Needs.. 4-5
2.2. Design Specifications. 5-6
3. Concept Development 6
3.1. External Search 6
3.2. Problem Decomposition 6-7
3.3. Concept Generation.... 7
3.4. Concept Selection..... 8
4. System Level Design. 8
4.1. Overall Description.. 8
4.2. Preliminary Theoretical Analysis.... 8
4.3. Preliminary Economic Analysis... 9
5. Conclusion.. 9
6. References.. 9
Appendices. 10-21
Appendix A Gantt Chart 10
Appendix B Identify Customer Need.... 11-14
Appendix C QFD Matrix.. 15
Appendix D Pump Specific Speed Calculation 16
Appendix E AHP Matrix... 17
Appendix F Concept Scoring and Screening Matrix 18
Appendix G Patents. 19-21















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1. Introduction

1.1 Problem Statement

The ACME Tool Company is looking to expand their current product line to include an 18V
cordless handheld vacuum cleaner. ACME will be hosting a number of product development
firms to participate in a contest for the design contract. This design team consisting of Sean
Kalnas, Iselin Froybu, Cullen McClain and Rebecca Peters has created a low cost, but efficient
cordless vacuum cleaner that will prove to be a very profitable investment for the ACME Tool
Company. ACME has established its business model around ease of use. Every product that
ACME produces uses the same 18V battery pack, for instance a customer can use the same batter
for both the ACME cordless drill and sander. With that said, the most important constraint
ACME is placing on the competition is the vacuum must use the same battery that powers the rest
of their products. The vacuum must also use the same battery pack connector and DC electric
motor from the cordless drill that they manufacture. ACME also would like the target retail price
to be in the range of $50. Vacuums are essential when it comes to keeping households and cars
clean. By conducting external research our design team realized that the target market for the
cordless vacuum are stay at home mothers/ fathers, car detailers, cleaning services, and pet
owners. We have found out that 39% of American households own at least one dog and 34% own
at least one cat. With all that fur, cordless handheld vacuums make the perfect commodity for
households. The most important piece of selection criteria that the customer will take into
consideration is the price. Cordless vacuums can range from $20-$400. Our team has decided that
the RipTide will cost $49.99, but still meet the same performance requirements of a $60
vacuum. By lowering the price this team hopes to increase the number of sales.

1.2 Background Information

In order to properly design a prototype of a cordless handheld vacuum cleaner, each member of
the group researched one of its four internal components: motor, battery, fan, and filter. The
purpose was to understand their basic functionality and what option fit best for our application.

Three types of motors are used in vacuum cleaners- AC, brushed DC, and brushless DC. AC
motors intake alternating current, which changes the direction of flow. The alternation of flow
allows the motor to rotate in the same direction. Direct current does not change direction of flow.
In a motor, this would cause the torque to change direction as it spins, reducing efficiency. The
brushes are used to change the direction of the current as the motor spins, so that the torque
remains in the same direction. Brushless DC motors also contend with this problem, but they use
a magnetic rotor to solve the problem. The magnetic rotor keeps the current in a single direction
to keep the torque from reversing.

Most batteries use a cathode, anode, and electrolyte to generate current. Once a load is applied to
the terminals of the battery, a chemical reaction takes place. The anode combines with the
electrolyte creating a compound and releasing one or more electrons. The cathode absorbs the
electrons and undergoes reduction. It is this flow of electrons that supplies the current to the load.
The main distinction between different types of batteries is the substances used for the cathode,
anode, and electrolyte. The substances used vary the amount of current and voltage it can supply
as well as charge time.
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There are three main types of fans that could be used in a vacuum: centrifugal, mixed, and axial.
The main difference between these types is the way that the air leaves the fan. For all three, the
air enters axially; however, centrifugal fans discharge the fan radially, axial fans discharge it
axially, and mixed fans discharge it at some angle in between. The designs for fan type are a
tradeoff between flow rate and pressure, with centrifugal fans being advantageous for pressure,
and axial fans being better with flow rate. The design of the blades can also be changed resulting
in the same kind of tradeoffs. The options include backward-inclined, radial, and forward-
inclined.

Filters are designed to trap dust or dirt while allowing air flow to pass through. There are several
ways the filter can go about separating the dirt from the air. The simplest way being that the gaps
in the filter fibers are smaller than the dirt particles, causing them to be trapped. Another method
is called diffusion, where the dirt particles are swirled, making it more likely that they are caught
by the filter. Lastly, electrostatic enhancement is when an electrostatic charge is applied to the
filter fibers in order to attract dirt particles of the opposite charge.

Using this research the team has developed a design for a handheld cordless vacuum. Each
member has adequate knowledge of CAD software and tooling and machining. These skills will
be applied to developing an alpha and beta prototype of the design.

1.3 Project Planning

The success of this project relies on the teams ability to effectively manage the scope, schedule
and resources. During the first step of the project development phase, a contract was established
in order to define a mission as well as set the project management structure. Instead of assigning
a group leader, all members preferred to share equal leadership responsibilities. All assigned roles
such as recorder, gatekeeper and encourager were rotated. The recorder is assigned prior to each
meeting so they can prepare the agenda.
A detailed Gantt chart was used as a main tool for project planning (Appendix A). The chart
separates milestones from tasks and allocates resources. This has proven to be effective for all
team members to stay on track for main goals of the project as well as individual responsibilities.
Utilizing these tools ensures the teams successful execution of the project.

2. Customer Needs and Specifications
2.1 Identification of Customer Needs
To identify the customer needs for the handheld vacuum the team conducted 12 interviews of
lead users (Appendix B). The lead users included individuals of all ages and gender as well as
from a broad range of occupations and geographic locations. Examples of lead users were stay-at-
home parents and car detailing employees. The interviews were conducted either by phone call,
email correspondence or in person depending on the customers location and preference. The
customers were asked the same questions for consistency, but were allowed to talk freely. A total
of 5 key questions were asked to drive the interview (Appendix B).
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In order to identify both latent and explicit need the team scheduled a meeting dedicated to
analyze the interview results of each customer. The customer responses were then translated into
a concentrated list of customer needs (Appendix B). Certain latent needs such as a combined
charger and stand was identified, as well as explicit needs such as affordable and lightweight. The
table below demonstrates the process of identifying the needs from the responses.

Question Customer Response Customer Need
What do you like about
existing products?
"I like for the cordless vacuum fits
in my hand." -Alex Vitori
Ergonomic/Soft Handle
What improvements
would you make to the
product?
"Include a docking station to charge
and store the product." -Rob Jones
(Car detailing)
Charger/Storage stand in one device.
What do you dislike
about the current
product?
"I dislike the fact that the battery life
is very short and the suction power
is not that strong." - Marra Butler
(Mother)
Long battery life, strong suction
power

2.2 Design Specifications
After conducting interviews on various lead users, a list of design specifications was compiled.
Through analyzing the language of the customer, team members were able to represent an
unambiguous agreement on what the team would attempt to achieve in order to satisfy the
customer and latent needs. In measurable detail, the design specifications clearly identified what
the product has to do. The list of metrics was analyzed based on a needs-metrics matrix (QFD).
The QFD (Appendix C) was used to show how the design specifications were related to customer
needs. The eight criteria used to select design concepts included ease of use, durability, cost,
performance, looks, capacity, weight, and compactness.

Next, in order to designate the importance and comparison of each criterion, a weight was
assigned to each through use of the AHP matrix (Appendix D) which ultimately led to the final
weight of each of the eight criteria. A modified version of the AHP matrix can be seen in Figure
2.2 below, showing only the weighted results:

Design Criteria Weight
Ease of Use 16%
Durability 7%
Cost 20%
Performance 24%
Looks 3%
Capacity 20%
Weight 5%
Compactness 5%
Figure 2.2 Weighted Results of Modified AHP Matrix

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The handheld cordless vacuum is economically viable considering the target cost, after the
criteria were narrowed down based on importance, came out to be between $45-50.

3 Concept Development

Before any concepts could be created for the cordless handheld vacuum the design team needed
to analyze the internal/external components of the current products on the market. Team 6H
performed extensive research on these products to see if any aspects of the vacuum cleaners had
patents associated with them. This research provided very useful information that eventually
helped generate nine concepts.

3.1 External Research

A large focus of the time and efforts for this project took place within the external research
portion. The first component that needed to be researched was the pump. The design team
proceeded to performed competitive benchmarking on the current product in the market to find
out the angular velocities of the motor, pump heads, and flow rates of air going into the vacuum.
Once this information was obtained, the pump specific speed was calculated and it was
discovered that the vacuum will use a centrifugal pump for optimum efficiency (appendix D). To
be able to understand the inner workings of the vacuum, the design team broke the product into
four subcategories: the battery, motor, filter, and fan/impeller. From here we used Google Patents
to see what we could and could not include in our concepts.

3.2 Project Decomposition

Through researching patents on different filtration systems we discovered that there are five
different types of particle filtration: straining, impaction, interception, diffusion, and electrostatic
enhancement. The staining filtration system was selected for the vacuum because a filter based
off this principle uses a finely woven cloth that catches even the smallest particles. There are two
patents involving types of filtration systems (Appendix G). The first patent involves a device that
will alert the user when there is a clog in the system or if the storage unit is full. The second
patent describes a washable filter capable for both wet and dry applications.

The cordless handheld vacuum is going to use an 18V NiCa battery. This type of battery has a
capacity of around 1.3 Amp-hrs and costs around $1.50/Watt-hr.

Through pump speed calculations, it was determined the centrifugal fan would be most efficient
in the final design. The impeller uses kinetic energy from the rotational motion to increase the
pressure of the air stream. Centrifugal fans accelerate air radially by changing the direction of air
flow by 90 degrees.

The final design will contain the same motor used in the 18 V Drill Master cordless drill. This
motor can run up to 900 RPMs and has 24 torque settings. The motor is capable of rotation at
over 20,000 revs/min, but the gears reduce that number. The team will try to avoid using gears at
all costs.

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Through all of the external research, the team concluded that cost is an extremely important
criterion that customers take into consideration when choosing a vacuum. It was decided that the
The Riptide will at most cost $49.99. The Riptide can be compared to vacuums such as the
Shark 18V cordless vacuum which currently costs $60.

3.3 Concept Generation:

In this phase of the project the team compared the information obtained through competitive
benchmarking. The team created nine different concepts, each containing at least one of the
specified customer needs. Displayed on the below are the four concepts that made it through the
concept screening phase. The purpose of concept screening is to limit the number of plausible
concepts.

Concept 1: This concept primarily focuses on cost and
performance. This model utilizes the body of the drill
provided. Also the nozzle enables the vacuum to
access those hard to reach locations. Also this design is
also extremely light.

The RipTide: The concept is the design that scored
the highest in the concept section matrix. This model
uses the most components of the drill provided to each team.
By utilizing most of the drill the cost for fabrication will
plummet exponentially. The storage container will hold 2 cups
of dirt. Also the storage contain has a detachable bottom which
allows for a quick and easy way to dispose of waste. This concept
will use a centrifugal fan and a straining filtration system.

Concept 3: The third concept shown has the largest storage
container of all the concepts (8 cups). This design has a
light on the front of the body to allow for enhanced vision.
Another key aspect of this design is the fact that the design is
compact/portable.

Concept 4: The final concept is the most versatile. This concept
will have various attachments that will allow this vacuum to be
used for any application the customer needs. It was found that
this design is the most esthetically pleasing.

3.4 Concept Selection
By use of the decision matrices, the team rated each concept against pre-specified selection
criteria, which were weighted out of 100%. Eight concepts were laid out and evaluated based on
the finalized list of selection criteria. A selection matrix was prepared, the concepts were rated
and ranked, the top three concepts were selected, and finally the results and selection process
were reflected upon.

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Concept screening (Appendix F) was used in correspondence to a multi-voting technique for the
given criteria. Concept scoring (Appendix F) was then used to increase the resolution and better
differentiate among the competing concepts.

4. System Level Design
4.1 Overall Description
The RipTide's main components are a NiCd battery, a handle, housing, container and nozzle.
Similarly to the cordless drill, the battery pack slides onto the bottom of the handle. The handle
also has a trigger-like on/off switch. A cylindrical housing rests on top of the handle and holds
the motor and centrifugal fan. Below the centrifugal fan is a cylindrical, transparent collection
bin. The filter lies within the bin to
prevent the dirt from being sucked
into the housing. The bin has a
threaded hole on the edge so that
different attachments can be
screwed in. One unique feature of
the RipTide is the clip on
attachment to the handle; this
serves as the bottom of the
container bin and provides support.
The clip can be easily removed so
that the waste can be emptied
without removing the container.
This also provides access to the
filter so it can be cleaned.


4.2 Preliminary Theoretical Analysis
Basic calculations have been performed to access the feasibility of the selected design. The drill
is powered by an 18V NiCd battery used by the entire product line. The battery pack is rated at
around 1.15 A-h. This means the battery could provide .2 amps for 5.75 hours. The motor was
tested without the gear system using a dynamometer. An 18V power supply was used to run the
motor and with no load the motor span at just over 20,000 RPM. For the vacuum, a load will be
applied, so the motor, and thus the fan, will rotate at a lower speed. Tests of competitor's
vacuums were completed to find rotation speed, flow rate, and head of their fans. These values
were used to calculate the pump specific speed, as seen in Appendix D, to find the best type of
fan for our application. It was determined that the centrifugal fan was the most efficient for the
values we found. These tests showed that using these components would provide a system
capable of meeting our needs.



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4.3 Preliminary Economic Analysis
The goal of the RipTide's design was to match the performance of other mid-market vacuum's
while reducing costs enough to market it at a lower price. The reduced cost would come from
utilizing similar components from the cordless drill, such as the battery, motor, and pieces of
housing. Using the same parts in both products would reduce their production costs. It is
estimated that these common components would cost around $15 to make. The additional
components would cost another $15 for a total cost of 30$. The RipTide would be sold for
$49.99 for a healthy profit of $19.99 per unit.

5. Conclusion
The RipTide will bring cleaning to a whole new level. It will meet the customers need for
performance while remaining at an affordable price level. Its sleek design will satisfy any
customer in the target market with optimal ergonomic needs. Through meticulous project
management and by following essential steps of the product development process, the final
proposal will be a leader in the middle range vacuum cleaner market. In high hopes, modeling
and prototyping will commence as well as pragmatic product improvements so that ACME Tool
Company can have the pleasure to introduce its newest product: the RipTide.
6. References

"About Filtration / HEPA & ULPA Vacuum Filters."About Filtration / HEPA & ULPA Vacuum
Filters.Nilfisk- Advance Inc, 2011. Web. 30 Jan. 2013. <http://www.nilfiskcfm.com/vacuum-
filtration/ulpa-vacuum-filters.aspx>.

"How Batteries Work." HowStuffWorks. Web. 24 Feb. 2013.

Mountford, Robin A. "Washable Cloth Vacuum Cleaner Filter Bag Having a Resealable Opening
for ..." Google Books. Web. 30 Jan. 2013. <http://www.google.com/patents/US6786947>.

Mouw, Brandon L., and John J. Jailor."Upright Vacuum Cleaner with Full Bag and Clogged
Filter Indicators Thereon."Google Books. Web. 30 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.google.com/patents?id=QzQEAAAAEBAJ>.

"Patent EP1528260B1 - Radial Fan - Google Patents." Google Books. Web. 24 Feb. 2013.

"Patent EP1627590B1 - Centrifugal Fan for a Vacuum Cleaner - Google Patents." Google Books.
Web. 24 Feb. 2013.

"Patent EP1746926A1 - Vacuum Cleaner Motor Assembly - Google Patents." Google Books.
Web. 24 Feb. 2013

Pugh, Timothy G., and Omer L. Shifflett."Cordless Vacuum Cleaner Bowl and Filter
System."Google Books. Web. 30 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.google.com/patents?id=GwM2AAAAEBAJ>

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Appendix A: Gantt Chart












































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Appendix B: Identify Customer Needs

Questions asked to customers:
1. When and why do you use this type of product?
2. Walk us through a typical session using the product.
3. What do you like about the existing products?
4. What do you dislike about the existing products?
5. What issue do you consider when purchasing the product?
6. What improvements would you make to the current product?

Response:

Consumer
Questions Renee Kalnas Alex Vitori Evan Hetzel
When and why do you
use this type of product?
I clean my house/ car
every Saturday. I use
the cordless vacuum on
the stairs in my house
and all of the hard to
reach places.
I am a neat freak so tend
to clean my room and
living room quite often.
It is hard to maneuver a
large vacuum around
the corners of my room,
so I will use a cordless
handheld vacuum.
I work at a car wash/car
detailing company
called Jerrys car was. I
am a part of the
detailing team so I use
cordless vacuums every
day I work.
Walk us through a
typical session using the
product?
I will take the vacuum
off its charger and start
cleaning.
I will grab the vacuum
from under my bed then
proceed to clean any
chip crumbs or
whatever else falls onto
the carpet.
I will use the cordless
vacuum to remove dirt
from the carpets of the
cars. I clean a lot of
cars, so I tend to empty
the storage compartment
often.
What do you like about
the existing product?
I like how the product is
compact and easy to
store.
I like for the cordless
vacuum fits in my hand.
I also like the fact that it
is cordless
I like the fact that the
product can fit in little
spaces. Also the product
has good suction.
What do you dislike
about the current
product?
I dont like how short
the battery life is. Also
when Im dealing with a
big mess I find myself
emptying the waste
frequently
The clip that hold the
waste wore out so I
have to tape the storage
components in place
I dislike the fact that the
charge doesnt last very
long
What issues do you
consider when
purchasing the product?
Price
Suction
Weight
Size
Price
Esthetics
Quality
Price
Battery life
Storage
What improvements
would you make to the
product?
Longer battery life
Handel Grip
Metal clips

Longer lasting battery
life
Different nozzle
attachments

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Consumer
Questions Dagny Nome Iris Bente Frybu Rob Jones
When and why
do you use this
type of product?
Small mess typically
after food.
Whenever there are small
amounts of litter, dust, or
crumbs after meals
I have used this type of product
as an Auto Detailer at a Car
Wash and Detail Shop.
Walk us through
a typical session
using the
product?
Take/lift the vacuum
and use on area of
necessity. Normally
use it only for 10-15
seconds, on hard to
reach areas or when
there is mess in a
specific and small
area.
I take the product from
storage, switch on and
use it wherever needed

A typical session would be using
this product in an automobile
application to clean the carpets,
seats and compartments. It would
be used to clean the wide-open
spaces at the feet of the
passengers as well as the hard to
reach areas such as in between
the front seats and the center
console.
What do you
like about the
existing
product?
Design
Great suction
Easy to recharge


Not having to use the big
one. Easy to recharge,
and empty as well as
clean container.
Existing products are portable
and easy to use.

What do you
dislike about the
current product?
Difficult to find
easily accessible
storage.
They often wear out
quickly, and they are too
big
Existing products suction power
is insufficient.
What issues do
you consider
when purchasing
the product?
Price and quality.

Quality, price, size,
design

The suction power the vacuum
(critical)
The size/shape/ weight of the
product (needs to be
ergonomic, large vacuum
mouth size, lightweight)
The battery life of the product
(needs to last longer than
current models, would
sacrifice weight for battery
life)
Cost would be less of a
concern for me personally,
since I would use it in the
workplace
What
improvements
would you make
to the product?
Make them smaller.

Kits for different usage,
e.g in the car. Smaller and
more power.

Include a docking station to
charge and store the product.
Include different hose
attachments; possibly store
them in the docking station or
even in the vacuum itself.


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Consumer
Questions Marion Shandra Debbie Peters Marra Butler
When and why do you
use this type of project?
I clean my house when I
have my entire family
and twelve
grandchildren over for
Sunday dinner and I
missed a few crumbs
with the larger sweeper.
I used it about eight
years ago because my
mother bought one for
me. It is very
convenient for smaller
jobs. Sometimes I use it
in my car as well.
I use it to get into nooks
and crannies of small
spaces of couches or my
car.
Walk us through a
typical session using the
product?
I take it out of the case,
turn it on using the
button, go on my knees
and run it over any food
particles, and put it back
in the holder and charge
it.
I will grab the handle,
release it from the
mount, begin picking up
dirt, and put it back in
the charger.
I will turn it on, pick up
the dirt, look for
cleanliness, and then
place it back in the
stand.
What do you like about
the existing product?
I like how the product is
easy, handy, and light
compared to the big
sweeper.
I like for that it is
convenient, lightweight,
handy, inexpensive, and
can be used in cars.
I like the fact that the
product can fit in little
spaces and its really
just very easy.
What do you dislike
about the current
product?
I cant think of a single
problem. Especially
because I didnt use it
all that often (usually
once or twice a week).
It is not efficient enough
for larger areas or
picking up bigger
particles.
I dislike the fact that the
battery life is very short
and the suction power is
not that strong.
What issues do you
consider when
purchasing the product?
Price
Size
Size
Reliability
Power
Aesthetics
Size
Color
Price
Battery life
Suction Power
What improvements
would you make to the
product?
Comfier handle grip
Longer handle
More suction power
Bigger yet easier to
handle still

Longer lasting battery
life














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Consumer
Questions Kim Vilsack Daria McClain Emilie Vilsack
When and why do you
use this type of project?
When the carpet or car
is dirty. Uses because is
light and easy to use and
it can be brought
outside.
For cleaning the stairs
because full size
vacuum doesn't have
extension.
I use it in my dorm
room because there isn't
enough room for a big
vacuum.
Walk us through a
typical session using the
product?
Get the right nozzle,
turn it on, sweep with it,
and then shut it off.

Clean floor with normal
vacuum, then turn on
handheld and clean the
stairs.
I turn it on and sweep
the carpet and then turn
it off
What do you like about
the existing product?
It is light and powerful
for its size. It was
cheaper than a full size
vacuum. It can be
brought outside.
Portable, light, strong
suction.
Small enough to fit in
dorm and cheap.
What do you dislike
about the current
product?
The filter gets all dirty
and there's no way to
clean the dust off of it.
The head of the nozzle
is too small, so it takes
multiple passes to clean
a stair.
Not the best suction
because it was cheap
What issues do you
consider when
purchasing the product?
Price vs. quality brand
name, size

Price
Weight
Price and size
What improvements
would you make to the
product?
Change the collector to
a disposable bag so
there isn't always dirt in
it.
Bigger container so it
doesn't need emptied as
often.

Better suction

Compiled list of Customer Needs:
Customer Needs
Compact
Easy to Store
Ergonomic/Soft/Good-grip Handle
Clip on Storage Container to Sustain Fatigue
Affordable
Long Battery Life
Easy to Charge
Different Size Nozzle Attachment for Various Usage
Easy to Store Extra Equipment
Large Storage Component
Lightweight
Esthetically Pleasing
Low Vibration and Quiet
Fine Line Filter
Filter is Easily Accessible and Cleaned
Charger/Stand in One
Strong Suction Power
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Appendix C: QFD Matrix














































Page | 16

Appendix D: Pump Specific Speed Calculation



Pump Specific Speed =

1
2
()
3
4
=
(

)
1
2
(

)
3
4


22,000 rpm x
1
60

2
1
= 2303.84 /

= (

= (. 25

) (
998

3
1.2

3
) = 207.92

Q = V(A) = (149.06

) (
(3 )
2
4
) = 1053.6

()
3
=
1053.6

2303.84 /(3 )
3
= .017

2
()
2
=
4636.8

(
207.92

)
(
2303.84

)
2
(3 )
2
= .0202

Pump Specific Speed =
(

)
1
2
(

)
3
4
=
(.017)
1
2
(. 0202)
3
4
= 1.24

















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Appendix E: AHP Matrix














































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Appendix F: Concept Scoring and Concept Selection Matrices


Concept Screening Matrix





Concept Selection Matrix























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Appendix G: Patents


Filter Patent










































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Motor Patents














































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Fan Patents