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EXPECTORANTS

J.KAVITHA, M.Pharm.,
Lecturer,
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis,
SRM College of Pharmacy
SRM University.
UNITV
EXPECTORANTS
Expectorants are drugs which enhance the secretion of the sputumby
theair passagessothat it iseasier toremovethephlegmthroughcoughing. They
are used in cough mixtures for this purpose they act either by increasing the
bronchiolesecretionor by makingit less viscous (mucolytic agents) Drugs such
as ipecacuanha in small doses act as stimulant expectorants. They irritate the
liningof thestomachwhichreflexly stimulates theproductionof sputumby the
glandsinthebronchial mucousmembrane.
PotassiumIodidestimulatesthegastricmucosaandreflely increasesthe
bronchiole secretion . Amoniumchloride acts like potassiumiodide but is less
potentAntimonypotassiumtatratealsousedasexpectorant.
Potassium iodide is an inorganic compound with the chemical
formula KI.
This white salt is the most commercially significant iodide compound,
with approximately 37,000 tons produced in 1985.
It is less hygroscopic (absorbs water less readily) than sodium iodide,
making it easier to work with.
Aged and impure samples are yellow because of aerialoxidation of
the iodide to elemental iodine.
4 KI + 2 CO
2
+ O
2
2 K
2
CO
3
+ 2 I
2
Potassium iodide is medicinally supplied in 130 mg tablets (eontaining
100 mg iodine as iodide) for emergency purposes related to
blockade of radioiodine uptake.
[2]
Potassium iodide may also be
administered pharmaceutically for thyroid storm or as an expectorant,
as
a "saturated solution of potassium iodide" (SSKI) which in the U.S.P
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
Preparation:
Ammonium chloride is made by reacting hydrochloric acid with ammonia the solution is evaporated to
dryness.
NH
3
+HCl=NH
4
Cl
THE PRODUCT IS PURIFIED by recrystallisationor by sublimation .
Assay:
Formalaldehyde, previously neutrilisedto phenolphthalein , is added to the solution of the substance . it
fixes the ammonia in ammonium chloride as hexamine . the librated hydrochloric acid is titrated against0.1 M
sodium hydroxide , using phenolphthalein as indicator .
A modified volhardmethod was used in IP 66. Asolutionof the substance acidifies with nitric acid is
shaken with a measured volume of n/10 silver nitrate , nitrobenzene being previously added .Nitrobenzene is
added to coagulate the precipitate of silver chloride , so that it will npt interfere with the titration later of excess of
silver nitrate which is determined by titration with N/10 ammonium thiosynate, using ferric ammonium sulphate
as indicator.
AgNO
3
+NH
4
Cl=AgCl +NH
4
NO
3
AgNO
3
+NH
4
SCN =AgSCN +NH
4
NO
3
Ammonium silver
Thiocynate thiocynate
The following is the reaction taking place at the end point when red ferric thiocynateis formed (by reaction
of ammonium thiocynatewith the indicator ammonium sulphate
FeNH4(SO4)2 +3NH4SCN =Fe(SCN)3 +2(NH4)2SO4
Test of purity:
1.Arscenic
2. heaqvymetals
3. iron
4. sulphate
5.thioocynate
6. sulphatedash
7. loss on drying
8. calcium
Storage:
Since ammonium chloruideis slightly hygroscopic it is stored in well closed
containers
Uses:
>expectorant
>diuretic and
>systemic acidifiers

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