IMPERIALISM

Political Factor
W.L Langer and A.J.P Taylor said that imperialism was more to diplomacy which they wanted to have
relation between other nations. D.K.Field believes that imperialism maybe seen as their extension into the
periphery which means the political strggle between the !ropean contries.
"ational Fl#illment$ in order to achieve national greatness$ increase prestige and spremacy. For
example$ %taly. %taly achieve national greatness. There#ore Prime &inister 'rispi claimed that colonising were a
necessitate o# more modern li#e. Another example is France nder the leadership o# Jles Ferry. They name their
government as the Third (epblic where they extend their territories and in#lence beyond the #rontiers o#
Algeria and )enegal. The third example is$ *ritain$ sed imperialism becase they want to gain national
#l#illment by changing their policy #rom +non,intervention to intervention+ de to rising demands #rom the
people. 'onse-ently$ *ritish government con-ered the territories in A#rica and Asia sch as "igeria and
&alaya.
'hallenge o# .ermany. A#ter the .ermany ni#ication$ they want to strenghtened their power. Ths
*ismarc/ extended their power overseas. *ismarc/ wanted to otmatch his rivals especially France. A.J.P Taylor
stated that$ *ismarc/ was adressed in colonial posessions 0112 becase he wanted to increase Welt Politic in
0134s. %t was a policy introdeced by King William % 5A#ter the 6ni#ication7. %t is important to claim concessions
and territories becase it was *ismarc/ that increase the Alliance )ystem.
At the *erlin con#erence 0112,0118$ *ismarc/ proposed to divide A#rica. The Prsit o# .ermans Welt
Politics a#ter 0134 and the demands #or spheres in#lence the railway concessions greatly in#lence colonial
rivalries and imperialist tension in A#rica and Asia.
The Decline o# *ritish %mperial Power. *y 0114s$ *ritain+s spremacy was being challenged by the
!ropean power throgh "aval$ 'ommercial and Technologically. France and .erman continosly challenged
*ritish powers becase o# the wea/nesses o# *ritish military especially in declining their naval strenght.
%n the *erlin con#erence 0112,0118$ mar/ed the end o# *ritish )premacy bt its sdden collapse le#t a
void which was -ic/ly #illed by rival to claim A#rica territories.
%n 'hina too$ *ritain was nable to prevent an in#ormal partition in terms o# sphere o# in#lence in 0134s.
Thogh )he control over 94: o# 'hina+s external trade. *t she was increasing challenges o# (ssia and Japan.
There#ore$ in both A#rica and 'hina$ *ritain was #orced to de#ine her particlar areas o# interest and to
allow areas where she was #ormerly trades to be claimed and then annexed by other powers. To ma/e it worst$
Tari## was set p to protect the territory *ritain+s sed to control.
Political !##ects
The !stablishment o# !ropean 'olonial 'ontrol. %t was divided into 'olonies and Protectorates. The
!ropean contries began to enlarging their empire. For example ; *ritain gain territories in A#rica and
elsewhere sch as *orneo$ &alaya$ "ew .inea and etc.
Advance 'ililisation. Their armament race were increased in order to achieved their aim to be more
stronger and more power#l than their rival. For example both .ermany and *ritain bilt Dreadnaghts.
'olonial 'on#lict and Tensions. !xample ; The Fashoda %ncidents$ where France settled at west o# A#rica
and hoping to extend its territory to )dan and the .reat La/es region. While *ritain on the other hand
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wanted to be able to lin/ p its territory in !ast A#rica to !gypt and then bild a grand railway #rom the
'ape,to, 'airo. *ritish #orces were nder )ir <erbert Kitchener while French expedition was headed by
Jean,*aptise &archand. *oth &archand and Kitchener reached Fashoda. !ven thogh they want to avoid
&ilitary entanglement bt yet it was reslted to "egative attitde to both o# the contry.
)periority arose >ealosy among the !ropean contries sch as$ *ritain whom able to extend their
territories overeas are highly pro#ited by it. Ths$ .ermany in order to be seen as sperior$ she too/
advantage in order to wea/ened other eropean contries. Throgh Franco,Prssian war$ .erman able to
gain bene#it #rom it.
Formation o# Alliance. The #ormation o# two opposing camps in !rope. The Triple Alliance 5 Astria,
<ngary$ .ermany and %taly7 and The Triple !ntente 5 France$ *ritain and (ssia7. *oth two opposing
camps believed that War was seen as !limination o# the wea/ races so that the strong genine race shold
stand nchallenged.
<igh Administrative costs. The reason why the !ropean nations were interested in imperialism was
becase o# the economic bene#its that they can get #rom the colonised contry. With that they able to
improve their home contry. For example$ Astria$ they need to stabili?ed their economy in or#der to
incereased their millitary power and to #rther advance their contry. <owever coloni?ing cost a lot o#
their pro#its to lost. They se their pro#it to invest in developing their coloni?ed territories.
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The Fashoda %ncident.
contribte to the impact o# %mperialism expansion
0198$ Disraeli 5*ritish Prime &inister7 want to secre lots o# territories in A#rica.
*ritain want to control the resorces that can be #ond in the river "ile.
Kitchener 5*ritish A##icer7 discovered that there was French Flag at Fashoda. They don+t have any
intention to tolerate with French. Their main aims was to control Fashoda and it+s resorces.
<igh chances B possibilities that war might brea/ ot it there were no soltion to the problems.
!ventally$ French step bac/ ths Fashoda become nder *ritish. The )phere o# in#lence nown as
+Anglo,!gyptian )dan+.
The *erlin 'on#erence 0112
at #irst$ .ermany did not have any aims towards imperialism.
*t in order to become a leading state and the most power#l one they need to expand their territories
overseas.
There were pressre #rom di##erent grops to have .erman+s colonial territories overseas
.erman colonial Leage,highly emphasis .ermany to expand powers overseas.
*sinessman inclding explorers #or example ;Karl Peters demand the government o# .ermany to expand
their in#lences overseas
*ismarc/ don+t want to create any dispte with any eropean powers. )o he call #or a con#erence which
was held at *erlin and inviting all leading powers to represent each government.
.ermany ; 0112, )oth west A#rica$ Togoland$ Kameroon$ !ast A#rica$ Tanganiyi/a$ !ast .erman A#rica.
*y 0134, <eligoland
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*ritain ; 0184, )omaliland$ *ritish !ast A#rica 5A 'ompany7. 0134, (oyal "iger company extract palm
oil in "igeria$ )ierra$ Leone and .old 'oast. 0304, 'ape colony$ Arange Free,state$ Transail and "atal
#rom the nion o# )oth A#rica
%taly, 011=, %talian !rrithrea. 0114) Largest potions o# )omaliland and as &solini comes into power$
%taly invaded Abysinia 5!thiopia7
!conomic Factor
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