An Najah National University

Faculty of Engineering
Industrial Engineering Department
Fluid Laboratory
Eperiment !"
# Fluid properties$
%repared by&
'ohammed Abu Al (ub
'ohammed Al )ad*i
+ubmitted to
Eng, Adel Aljuidi
Eng, Asma-
***,ienajah,com
./012345 .672845 97:2;
"<=>?=@>>A
Bbjectives &
The objective of this experiment is to determine :
1. Density by using beaker method for water and oil and bottle method for
water only.
2. iscosity for oil.
!. "ouncy of plastic cylinder for water.
Used Apparatus &

2
1 # beaker with $ater
% # "ottle & # 'raduated (ylinder
! # )top $atch 2 # Triple "eam "alance

%rocedure &
%art Bne& Density&
1* +easuring beaker
1. The beaker was cleaned and dried.
2. The empty measuring beaker was weighted and the mass was recorded.
!. The beaker was felt with water with volume ,2%-%.-/% *mol.
&. The beaker plus water was weighted and the mass was recorded0 so that the
mass of water was weighted by subtraction.
%. (alculating density of the water by the following e1uation :
V
M
=
$here :

: density ,kg2m3*
' : +ass ,gm*
C : olume ,m4*
The data below was obtained from experiment
AD= Eater
!
"eaker weigh516.2 gm
Table ,1*: finding density of water using beaker method
'ass of *ater
F beaGerHgmD
Colume of
*aterHmLD
'ass of *ater
HgmD
DensityHGgImJD
&%.7 2% 2/.& 1.87
/2.& %. %&.2 1.6&
81.2 /% /! 8/!.!
Average density 1.%1.1 kg2m3
+ample Kalculation &
+ass of water 5&%.7#16.252/.& gm
Density5+25,2/.&22%*91.!51.87 kg2m3
:verage density5,1.87;1.6;8/!.!* 2 !51.%1.1 kg2m3
)D= Bil
Temperature 5 2& (
"eaker weigh51/.1 gm
Table ,2*: finding density of oil using beaker method
'ass of oil
F beaGer HgmD
Colume of oil HmlD 'ass of oil HgmD Density HGgImJD
!8.8 2% 21./ 667
71.% %. &!.! 677
/8.8 /% 71./ 622./
Average density 66%2.2! kg2m3
+ample Kalculation &
+ass of <il 5!8.8#1/.1521./ gm
Density5+25,21./22%*91.!5667 kg2m3
:verage density5,667;677;622./* 2 !566%2.2! kg2m3
+ass of the bottle 5 &6.! ,gm*
olume of the bottle 5 %. ,gm*
Table ,!*: finding density water oil using bottle method
&
'ass of )ottle F *ater
HgmD
'ass of *ater
HgmD
Density
HGgImJD
8/.7 &8.! 867
+ample Kalculation &
+ass of $ater 58/.7#&6.!5&8.! gm
Density5+25,&8.!2%.*91.!5867 kg2m3
%art L*o& )ouncy
1. The beaker and water was weighted.
2. The distance from surface ,x* of water was measured.
!. the height of cylinder was known so the height of li1uid ,Depth of
immersed cylinder* was measured.
)o we can calculate force from weight and volume
Table ,&*: finding bouncy of water
'ass of
Eater F
)eaGer
HgmD
'ass of Eater F
)eaGer F Kylinder
HgmD
Distance
M
HmmD
Depth of
Immersed
Kylinder
HmmD
Colume
HmJD
Force
from
EeightHND
Force
from
Colume
&1%./ &6. 1%2 16 !.. ..778 ..7!1
%1!.8 /1/ 12/ &! &.. 1.%88 1.882
721 61/ 116 %2 %.. 1.8!% 1.82!
+ample Kalculation &
=eight of li1uid 51/.#1%25 16 mm
(ylinder diameter / cm
(ylinder =eight 1/ cm
%
>orce from weight5 mass ,w ; b ; cy*#m , b ; w*9g5..778 ?
>orce from volume5 volume sub 9density bottle9 g
olume sub5 @2& 9dA 9h
5 @2& 9,.../*291691.#!57.82& 91.#! m!
)o that force 5 7.82& 91.#! 986798.615 ..7!1 ?
%art Lhree& Ciscosity&
1. The cylinder was filed with oil.
2. >ixed distance on the cylinder e1ual 1!cm.
!. )teel ball with known diameter and densities was taken.
&. Drop each ball alone from the top of the cylinder.
%. The time was recorded for the balls at the fixed distance.
7. (alculating viscosity of water by using )tocks 4aw:
B 5 ,g9d2 216* ,C2D#1*
$here :
U: elocity of the sphere.
C: Einematic viscosity.
d: Diameter of the sphere.
g: 'ravity acceleration.
N: Density of the oil.
O : Density of the sphere.
The following table was illustrated the viscosity calculated from )tokes law:
The density of the ball 5 /6.. ,kg2m3*
The density of the oil 5 /%! ,kg2m3*
The diameter of the ball 5 126 inch 5 ..!1/% cm
Table ,%*: finding viscosity for small ball
Lrial ! Lime HsecD Celocity HmIsD Pinematic
viscosity HmQIsD
1 ..66 ..1&&6 .....!%%
2 ..%6 ..22&1 .....228
! ..71 ..21!1 .....2&1
7
Average viscosity .....276 mA2s
+ample calculation&
To find viscosity- firstly we find velocity
B5 Distance2Time
B5..1!2..665..1&&6 m2s
B 5 ,g9d2 216F* ,C2D#1*
..1&&65,8.619....!1/%A216*9,/%..2/%! #1*
5.....!%%mA2s
The density of the ball 5 /6.. ,kg2m3*
The density of the oil 5 /%! ,kg2m3*
The diameter of the ball 5 %2!2 inch 5 ..!8766 cm
Table ,7*: finding viscosity for large ball
Lrial ! Lime HsecD Celocity HmIsD Pinematic
viscosity HmQIsD
1 ..78 ..166 .....2/!
2 ..%! ..2&% .....2.8
! ..7 ..21/ .....2!/
Average viscosity .....2& mA2s
+ample calculation&
To find viscosity- firstly we find velocity
B5 Distance2Time
B5..1!2..785..166 m2s
u 5 ,g9d2 216F* ,C2D#1*
..1665,8.619....!1/%A216*9,/%..2/%! #1*
5.....2/! mA2s
Discussion and Konclusion&
1. Define viscosityG
/
iscosity is the measure of the fluids resistance to motion which determine the
behavior of the fluids when ever they move relative to solid surface .
2. $hat is the effect of temperature on the li1uid viscosityG
Hf the temperature of the li1uid increased the viscosity will decrease .
!. $hat are the sources of errors n each partG
1. The variation in temperature from standard one .
2. =uman errors such as sight and timing .
!. The dryness of the bottle .
&. error in Triple "eam "alance .
&. Discuss between apparatus accuracyG
The bottle method is more accurate than bottle method because provide us with
slandered bottle volume . this volume con not be achieved by beaker because it
depends on observer sight .
%. $hy did not we use water with ballG
)ince the velocity of water very low so there is large tendency to error .
7. $hat are suggestions to improve this experimentG
Bse electrical balance instead of manual Triple "eam "alance because it more
accurate in measuring the weight and use berate to control the volume measured
6