1

SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF

LIGHT LIGHT- -FRAMED FRAMED
MULTI MULTI- -STORY RESIDENTIAL STORY RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS BUILDINGS
Samuel Shiotani, S.E. Samuel Shiotani, S.E.
Douglas Hohbach, S.E. Douglas Hohbach, S.E.
J oaquim Roberts, S.E. J oaquim Roberts, S.E.
Woodworks March Woodworks March
2009 Seminar 2009 Seminar
SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF
LIGHT LIGHT- -FRAMED FRAMED
MULTI MULTI- -STORY RESIDENTIAL STORY RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS BUILDINGS
CHALLENGES CHALLENGES
Diaphragm behavior Diaphragm behavior
ASCE 7 ASCE 7- -05 & 2007 CBC 05 & 2007 CBC
requirements requirements
Deformation of Deformation of
multi multi- -story shear walls to story shear walls to
determine appropriate determine appropriate
distribution of lateral distribution of lateral
forces and building drift forces and building drift
BUILDING BUILDING GEOMETRY GEOMETRY
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
Corridor shear walls Corridor shear walls
Party shear walls Party shear walls
Exterior shear walls Exterior shear walls
TYPICAL FEATURE TYPICAL FEATURE
Light framed multi Light framed multi- -story residential buildings story residential buildings
often have uniformly distributed shear walls often have uniformly distributed shear walls
of approximately equivalent of approximately equivalent stiffnesses stiffnesses except except
at exterior at exterior
sometimes at first floor sometimes at first floor
2
DIAPHRAGM ASPECT RATIO DIAPHRAGM ASPECT RATIO
Shear walls Shear walls
Diaphragm aspect ratio Diaphragm aspect ratio
DIAPHRAGM ASPECT RATIO DIAPHRAGM ASPECT RATIO
Shear walls Shear walls
Diaphragm aspect ratio Diaphragm aspect ratio
DIAPHRAGM BEHAVIOR DIAPHRAGM BEHAVIOR
ASCE 7 Section 12.3.1 ASCE 7 Section 12.3.1
Diaphragm Flexibility Diaphragm Flexibility
Flexible Flexible
Rigid Rigid
Semi Semi- - rigid rigid
FLEXIBLE FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGM DIAPHRAGM
ASCE 7 Section 12.3.1.3 ASCE 7 Section 12.3.1.3
Calculated Flexible Diaphragm Condition Calculated Flexible Diaphragm Condition
diaphragm diaphragm> >2x 2x shearwall shearwall
CBC Section 1613.6.1 CBC Section 1613.6.1
Assumption of flexible diaphragm Assumption of flexible diaphragm
Toppings <1 inches thick Toppings <1 inches thick
Shear walls satisfy drift requirements Shear walls satisfy drift requirements
Wood shear walls (no mixed systems) Wood shear walls (no mixed systems)
FLEXIBLE FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGM DIAPHRAGM
CONCERNS CONCERNS
Underestimates forces distributed to the Underestimates forces distributed to the
corridor walls (long walls) corridor walls (long walls)
Overestimates forces distributed to the Overestimates forces distributed to the
exterior walls (short walls) exterior walls (short walls)
Computation of building drift problematic Computation of building drift problematic
RIGID DIAPHRAGM RIGID DIAPHRAGM
ASCE 7 ASCE 7
D D / / SW SW =0.6 < 2 (Transverse =0.6 < 2 (Transverse Party walls) Party walls)
D D / / SW SW =1.3 < 2 (Longitudinal =1.3 < 2 (Longitudinal Corridor/Ext. walls) Corridor/Ext. walls)

3
BENEFITS OF RIGID BENEFITS OF RIGID
DIAPHRAGM ANALYSIS DIAPHRAGM ANALYSIS
More accurately distribute lateral forces More accurately distribute lateral forces
to corridor and party walls to corridor and party walls
Approximate building drift Approximate building drift
Build three dimensional computer Build three dimensional computer
model for analysis model for analysis
OPEN FRONT STRUCTURE OPEN FRONT STRUCTURE
Width, W Width, W
L
e
n
g
t
h
L
e
n
g
t
h
,

L L
OPEN FRONT STRUCTURE OPEN FRONT STRUCTURE
Per CBC 2006 Section Per CBC 2006 Section 2305.2.5 Rigid 2305.2.5 Rigid
diaphragms diaphragms
Length, L, less than 25 feet Length, L, less than 25 feet
L/W less than 0.67 L/W less than 0.67
Exception Exception where calculations show where calculations show
that diaphragm deflections can be that diaphragm deflections can be
tolerated tolerated
NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
DAMAGE DAMAGE
OPEN FRONT BUILDINGS OPEN FRONT BUILDINGS
CUREE WOODFRAME PROJ ECT CUREE WOODFRAME PROJ ECT
OPEN FRONT BUILDINGS OPEN FRONT BUILDINGS
FINDINGS FINDINGS
Better building performance Better building performance
will result when seismic will result when seismic
forces are resisted locally forces are resisted locally
rather than being rather than being
redistributed to other portions redistributed to other portions
of the structure of the structure
CUREE WOODFRAME PROJ ECT CUREE WOODFRAME PROJ ECT
OPEN FRONT BUILDINGS OPEN FRONT BUILDINGS
FINDINGS FINDINGS
Special design attention is needed for Special design attention is needed for
transverse walls resisting torsion. transverse walls resisting torsion.
Reduce Reduce torsional torsional response by response by
providing additional capacity and providing additional capacity and
stiffness in transverse and slender stiffness in transverse and slender
elements. elements.
4
SHEAR WALL DEFORMATION SHEAR WALL DEFORMATION
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70
Deflection (inches)
F
o
r
c
e

(
p
l
f
)
Double-sided 20'
Chord Chord
Slip Slip
SEMI SEMI- -RIGID DIAPHRAGM RIGID DIAPHRAGM
Always acceptable, but difficult to Always acceptable, but difficult to
calculate for wood panel construction calculate for wood panel construction
due to non due to non- -linear load linear load- -deformation. deformation.
Suggest using code diaphragm Suggest using code diaphragm
deflection equations, modified as deflection equations, modified as
necessary for differing boundary necessary for differing boundary
conditions. conditions.
Suggest using linear approximation Suggest using linear approximation
calibrated to code strength values. calibrated to code strength values.
LIGHT LIGHT- -FRAMED MULTI FRAMED MULTI- -STORY STORY
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PLAN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PLAN - -
Hypothetical Hypothetical
LIGHT LIGHT- -FRAMED MULTI FRAMED MULTI- -STORY STORY
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PLAN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PLAN - -
Actual Actual
1997 Uniform Building Code 1997 Uniform Building Code
Section 1633 Section 1633 Detailed Systems Design Requirements Detailed Systems Design Requirements
1633.2.5 Ties and continuity
All parts of a structure shall be interconnected and the
connections shall be capable of transmitting the seismic
force induced by the parts being connected. As a
minimum, any smaller portion of the building shall be tied
to the remainder of the building with elements having at
least a strength to resist 0.5 C
a
I times the weight of the
smaller portion
1997 Uniform Building Code 1997 Uniform Building Code
Section 1633 Section 1633 Detailed Systems Design Requirements Detailed Systems Design Requirements
1633.2.9 Diaphragms 1633.2.9 Diaphragms
7. 7. In structures in Seismic Zones 3 and 4 having a plan In structures in Seismic Zones 3 and 4 having a plan
irregularity of irregularity of Type 2 in Table 16 Type 2 in Table 16- -M, diaphragm chords and M, diaphragm chords and
drag members shall be designed considering independent drag members shall be designed considering independent
movement of the projecting wings of the structure. Each of movement of the projecting wings of the structure. Each of
these diaphragm elements shall be designed for the more these diaphragm elements shall be designed for the more
severe of the two following assumptions: severe of the two following assumptions:
Motion of the projecting wings in the same direction Motion of the projecting wings in the same direction
Motion of the projecting wings in the opposing direction Motion of the projecting wings in the opposing direction
Exception: This requirement may be deemed satisfied Exception: This requirement may be deemed satisfied
if the procedures of Section 1631 in conjunction with if the procedures of Section 1631 in conjunction with
a three a three- -dimensional model have been used to determine dimensional model have been used to determine
the lateral seismic forces for design. the lateral seismic forces for design.
5
ASCE 7 ASCE 7- -05 05
Section 12.12 Section 12.12 Drift and Deformation Drift and Deformation
12.12.3 Building Separation 12.12.3 Building Separation
All portions of the structure shall be designed and All portions of the structure shall be designed and
constructed constructed to act as an integral unit to act as an integral unit in resisting seismic in resisting seismic
forces unless separated structurally by a distance forces unless separated structurally by a distance
sufficient to avoid damaging contact under total sufficient to avoid damaging contact under total
deflection ( deflection (
x x
) as determined in Section 12.8.6. ) as determined in Section 12.8.6.
ASCE 7 ASCE 7- -05 05
Diaphragms, Chords and Collectors Diaphragms, Chords and Collectors
12.10.2 Collector Elements 12.10.2 Collector Elements
Collector elements shall be provided that are Collector elements shall be provided that are capable of capable of
transferring transferring the seismic forces originating in other the seismic forces originating in other
portions of the structure to the element providing the portions of the structure to the element providing the
resistance to those forces. resistance to those forces.
ASCE 7 ASCE 7- -05 05
Diaphragms, Chords and Collectors Diaphragms, Chords and Collectors
12.10.2.1 Collector Elements Requiring Load 12.10.2.1 Collector Elements Requiring Load
Combinations with Combinations with Overstrength Overstrength Factor for Seismic Factor for Seismic
Design Categories C through F Design Categories C through F
In structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D, In structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D,
E, or F, collector elements (see Fig. 12.10 E, or F, collector elements (see Fig. 12.10- -1), splices, 1), splices,
and their connections to resisting elements shall resist and their connections to resisting elements shall resist
the load combinations with the load combinations with overstrength overstrength of Section of Section
12.4.3.2 12.4.3.2. .
Exception Exception: In structures or portions thereof : In structures or portions thereof braced braced
entirely by light entirely by light- -frame shear walls, frame shear walls, collector elements, collector elements,
splices, and connections to resisting elements need only be splices, and connections to resisting elements need only be
designed to resist forces in accordance with Section 12.10.1.1. designed to resist forces in accordance with Section 12.10.1.1.
ASCE 7 ASCE 7- -05 05
Table 12.3 Table 12.3- -1 Horizontal Structural Irregularities 1 Horizontal Structural Irregularities
C, D, E, and F
B, C, D, E, andF
D, E, and F
R, C, D, E, andF
12.7.3
Table 12.6-1
Section 16.2.2
Nonparallel Systems-Irregularity is defined to exist where the vertical lateral
force-resisting elements are not parallel to or symmetric about the major
orthogonal axes of the seismic forceresisting system.
5.
D, E, and F
B, C, D, E, and F
B, C, D, E,and F
D, E, and F
B, C, D, E,and F
12.3.3.4
12.3.3.3
12.7.3
Table 12.6-1
16.2.2
Out-of-Plane Offsets Irregularity is defined to exist where there are
discontinuities in a lateral force-resistance path, such as out-of-plane offsets of
the vertical elements.
4.
D, E, and F
D, E, and F
12.3.3.4
Table 12.6-1
Diaphragm Discontinuity Irregularity is defined to exist where there are
diaphragms with abrupt discontinuities or variations in stiffness, including those
having cutout or open areas greater than 50%of the
gross enclosed diaphragmarea, or changes in effective diaphragmstiffness of
more than 50%fromone storyto the next.
3.
D, E, and F
D, E, and F
12.3.3.4
Table 12.6-1
Reentrant Corner Irregularity is defined to exist where both plan projections
of the structure beyond a reentrant corner are greater than 15%of the plan
dimension of the structure in the given direction.
2.
E and F
D
B, C, and D
C and D
C and D
D
B, C, and D
12.3.3.1
12.3.3.4
12.7.3
12.8.4.3
12.12.1
Table 12.6-1
Section 16.2.2
Extreme Torsional Irregul arity is defined to exist where the maximumstory
drift, computed including accidental torsion, at one end of the structure
transverse to an axis is more than 1.4 times the average of the storydrifts at
the two ends of the structure. Extreme torsional irregularityrequirements in the
reference sections applyonlyto structures in which the diaphragms are rigid or
semirigid.
lb.
D, E, and F
C, D, E, and F
B, C, D, E, and F
C, D, E, and F
D, E, and F
B, C, D, E, and F
12.3.3.4
12.8.4.3
12.7.3
12.12.1
Table 12.6-1
Section 16.2.2
Torsional Irregularity is defined to exist where the maximumstorydrift,
computed including accidental torsion, at one end of the structure transverse to
an axis is more than 1.2 times the average of the story drifts at the two ends of
the structure. Torsional irregularityrequirements in the reference sections apply
onlyto structures in which the diaphragms are rigid or semirigid.
la.
Seismic Design
Category
Applicati on
Reference
Section
Irregul arity Type and Description
ASCE 7 ASCE 7- -05 05
Table 12.3 Table 12.3- -1 Horizontal Structural Irregularities 1 Horizontal Structural Irregularities
D, E, and F D, E, and F
D, E, and F D, E, and F
12.3.3.4 12.3.3.4
Table 12.6 Table 12.6- -1 1
DiaphragmDiscontinuity Irregularity is defined to exist DiaphragmDiscontinuity Irregularity is defined to exist
where there are diaphragms with abrupt discontinuities where there are diaphragms with abrupt discontinuities
or variations in stiffness, including those having cutout or variations in stiffness, including those having cutout
or open areas greater than 50% of the or open areas greater than 50% of the gross enclosed gross enclosed
diaphragmarea, or changes in effective diaphragm diaphragmarea, or changes in effective diaphragm
stiffness of more than 50% fromone story to the next. stiffness of more than 50% fromone story to the next.
3. 3.
D, E, and F D, E, and F
D, E, and F D, E, and F
12.3.3.4 12.3.3.4
Table 12.6 Table 12.6- -1 1
Reentrant Corner Irregularity is defined to exist where Reentrant Corner Irregularity is defined to exist where
both plan projections of the structure beyond a both plan projections of the structure beyond a
reentrant corner are greater than 15% of the plan reentrant corner are greater than 15% of the plan
dimension of the structure in the given direction. dimension of the structure in the given direction.
2. 2.
Seismic Seismic
Design Design
Category Category
Application Application
Reference Reference
Section Section
Irregularity Type and Description Irregularity Type and Description
ASCE 7 ASCE 7- -05 05
Table 12.3 Table 12.3- -1 1
2. 2. Re Re- -entrant Corner Irregularity entrant Corner Irregularity
See 12.3.3.4 and Table 12.6 See 12.3.3.4 and Table 12.6- - 1for Seismic 1for Seismic
Categories D, E, and F Categories D, E, and F
3. 3. Diaphragm Discontinuity Irregularity Diaphragm Discontinuity Irregularity
See 12.3.3.4 and Table 12.6 See 12.3.3.4 and Table 12.6- - 1for Seismic 1for Seismic
Categories D, E and F Categories D, E and F
6
ASCE 7 ASCE 7- -05 05
Section 12.3 Section 12.3 Diaphragm Flexibility, Configuration Diaphragm Flexibility, Configuration
Irregularities and Redundancy Irregularities and Redundancy
12.3.3.4 Increase in forces Due to Irregularities for Seismic De 12.3.3.4 Increase in forces Due to Irregularities for Seismic Design sign
Categories D through F. Categories D through F.
For structures assigned to Seismic Design Category D, E or F and For structures assigned to Seismic Design Category D, E or F and
having a horizontal structural irregularity of Type 1a, 1b, 2, 3 having a horizontal structural irregularity of Type 1a, 1b, 2, 3 or 4 in or 4 in
Table 12.3 Table 12.3- -1 or a vertical structural irregularity of Type 4 in Table 1 or a vertical structural irregularity of Type 4 in Table
12.3 12.3- -2, the 2, the design forces design forces determined from Section 12.8.1 determined from Section 12.8.1 shall be shall be
increased 25 percent for connections of diaphragms to vertical increased 25 percent for connections of diaphragms to vertical
elements and to collectors and for connections of collectors to elements and to collectors and for connections of collectors to the the
vertical elements. vertical elements. Collectors and their connections also shall be Collectors and their connections also shall be
designed for these increased forces unless they are designed for designed for these increased forces unless they are designed for the the
load combinations with load combinations with overstrength overstrength factor of Section 12.4.3.2, in factor of Section 12.4.3.2, in
accordance with Section 12.10.2.1. accordance with Section 12.10.2.1.
ASCE 7 ASCE 7- -05 05
12.3.3.4 Increase in forces Due to Irregularities 12.3.3.4 Increase in forces Due to Irregularities
for Seismic Design Categories D through F. for Seismic Design Categories D through F.
design forces design forces shall be increased 25 percent shall be increased 25 percent
for connections of diaphragms to vertical for connections of diaphragms to vertical
elements and to collectors and for connections elements and to collectors and for connections
of collectors to the vertical elements. of collectors to the vertical elements.
ASCE 7 ASCE 7- -05 05
Table 12.6 Table 12.6- -1 Permitted Analytical Procedures 1 Permitted Analytical Procedures
P P NP All other structures
P P P Irregular structures with
T <3.5T,, and having only
horizontal irregularities Type
2, 3, 4, or 5 of Table 12.2-1
or vertical irregularities Type
4, 5a, or 5b of Table 12.3-1
P P P Regular structures with
T<3.5t and all structures of
light frame construction
P P P Other OccupancyCategory I
or II buildings not exceeding
2 stories in height
P P P OccupancyCategory I or 11
buildings of light-framed
construction not exceeding
3 stories in height
D, E, F
P P P All other structures
P P P Other OccupancyCategory I
or II buildings not exceeding
2 stories in height
P P P OccupancyCategory I or II
buildings of light-framed
construction not exceeding
3 stories in height
B, C
Seismic
Response
History
Prcedures
Chapter 16
Model
Response
Spectrum
Analysis
Section
12.9
Equivalent
Lateral
Force
Analysis
Section 12.8
Structural Characteri stics Seismi
c
Design
Catego
ry
ASCE 7 ASCE 7- -05 05
Table 12.6 Table 12.6- -1 Permitted Analytical Procedures 1 Permitted Analytical Procedures
Static Static
Analysis Analysis
P P P P NP NP All other structures All other structures
P P P P P P
Irregular structures with Irregular structures with
T <3.5T T <3.5T
, ,
, and having only horizontal , and having only horizontal
irregularities Type 2, 3, 4, or 5 of irregularities Type 2, 3, 4, or 5 of
Table 12.2 Table 12.2- -1 1
or vertical irregularities Type 4, 5a, or or vertical irregularities Type 4, 5a, or
5b of Table 12.3 5b of Table 12.3- -1 1
P P P P P P
Occupancy Category I or II Occupancy Category I or II
buildings of light buildings of light- -framed construction framed construction
not exceeding 3 stories in height not exceeding 3 stories in height
D, E, F D, E, F
ASCE 7 ASCE 7- -05 05
Table 12.6 Table 12.6- -1 1
No requirement for dynamic analysis is No requirement for dynamic analysis is
triggered for any light framed structure of triggered for any light framed structure of
3 stories or less or any structure not 3 stories or less or any structure not
exhibiting exhibiting torsional torsional irregularities. irregularities.
SEISMIC J OINT FINDINGS SEISMIC J OINT FINDINGS
No seismic joints are required for 3 No seismic joints are required for 3- -story or less light story or less light
frame building. frame building.
ASCE 7 apparently assumes that light frame buildings ASCE 7 apparently assumes that light frame buildings
are laterally braced by evenly distributed shear walls of are laterally braced by evenly distributed shear walls of
roughly equivalent stiffness. roughly equivalent stiffness.
An analysis incorporating diaphragm rigidity is required An analysis incorporating diaphragm rigidity is required
for light frame buildings taller than 3 for light frame buildings taller than 3- -stories to identify stories to identify
potential potential torsional torsional irregularity. irregularity.
An analysis incorporating diaphragm rigidity should be An analysis incorporating diaphragm rigidity should be
used for buildings with non used for buildings with non- -uniform distribution or uniform distribution or
stiffness of vertical elements (required by code for mixed stiffness of vertical elements (required by code for mixed
systems). systems).
7
LIGHT LIGHT- -FRAMED MULTI FRAMED MULTI- -STORY STORY
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PLAN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PLAN
Provide uniform
distribution of
similar stiffness
lateral force
resisting
elements
LIGHT-FRAMED MULTI-STORY
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
DIAPHRAGM ANALYSIS
RECOMMENDATION
Use rigid diaphragm analysis Use rigid diaphragm analysis
(use semi (use semi- -rigid as necessary at large diaphragm rigid as necessary at large diaphragm
spans or anomalies) spans or anomalies)
SHEAR WALL DEFORMATION SHEAR WALL DEFORMATION
CBC Section 2305.3.2 CBC Section 2305.3.2
S S = = 8 8 h h
3 3
+ + h h + 0.75he + 0.75he
n n
+ + h h d d
a a
EAb Gt b EAb Gt b
SHEAR WALL DEFORMATION SHEAR WALL DEFORMATION
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70
Deflection (inches)
F
o
r
c
e

(
p
l
f
)
Double-sided 20' Idealized Double-sided 20'
Chord Chord
Slip Slip
Strength Capacity
(defines linear behavior)
SHEAR WALL DEFORMATION SHEAR WALL DEFORMATION
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70
Deflection (inches)
F
o
r
c
e

(
p
l
f
)
Double-sided 20' Idealized Double-sided 20'
Chord Chord
Slip Slip
Strength Capacity
(defines linear behavior)
Double-sided w/ finishes
STACKED SHEAR WALL STACKED SHEAR WALL
DEFORMATION DEFORMATION
8
MULTI MULTI- -STORY SHEAR WALL STORY SHEAR WALL
DEFORMATION DEFORMATION
MULTI MULTI- -STORY SHEAR WALL STORY SHEAR WALL
LENGTHS LENGTHS
SEAOC Seismology (2007) SEAOC Seismology (2007)
Structures depend on Structures depend on
longer shear walls longer shear walls
SEAOC Blue Book (1999) SEAOC Blue Book (1999)
Aspect ratios >2:1 Aspect ratios >2:1
cannot be adequately cannot be adequately
predicted predicted
H/L=2, H/L=2, L=15ft min. L=15ft min.
H=30ft
?
THREE THREE- -DIMENSIONAL DIMENSIONAL
MODELING MODELING
THREE THREE- -DIMENSIONAL DIMENSIONAL
MODELING TECHNIQUES MODELING TECHNIQUES
Continuous Continuous Stacked Stacked

i i
=V =V
i i
L L
i i
3 3
/3E /3EI I
i i

T T
= = (Vh (Vh
i i
2 2
)(3L )(3L
T T
- -h h
i i
)/6E )/6EI I
T T
L
2
L
3
L
4
h
2
h
3
h
4
L
T
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Deformation (inches)
F
o
r
c
e

(
k
i
p
s
)
Continuous Stacked
CONTINUOUS VS. STACKED CONTINUOUS VS. STACKED
SHEAR WALL DEFORMATION SHEAR WALL DEFORMATION
I Iavg avg =1,200 in =1,200 in
4 4
I I =10,000 in =10,000 in
4 4
Conservati ve Conservati ve
BENEFITS OF BENEFITS OF
THREE THREE- -DIMENSIONAL DIMENSIONAL
MODELING MODELING
Approximate building drift Approximate building drift
Distribute direct and Distribute direct and torsional torsional shear forces shear forces
Stiffness of non Stiffness of non- -full height shear walls full height shear walls
incorporated correctly incorporated correctly
9
3D MODEL 3D MODEL PLAN VIEW PLAN VIEW 3D MODEL 3D MODEL PLAN VIEW PLAN VIEW
Assumptions
Plywood Type
Plywood Thickness
Nailing Pattern
Chord Size
Hold Down
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
I
1
I
2
I
3
3D MODEL 3D MODEL ISOMETRIC VIEW ISOMETRIC VIEW
Roof
4
th
flr.
2
nd
flr.
1
st
flr.
3
rd
flr.
3D MODEL 3D MODEL ISOMETRIC VIEW ISOMETRIC VIEW
3D MODEL 3D MODEL ISOMETRIC VIEW ISOMETRIC VIEW
Assumptions
Plywood Type
Plywood Thickness
Nailing Pattern
Chord Size
Hold Down
CONCLUSION CONCLUSION
The appropriate analysis technique for The appropriate analysis technique for
light light- -framed multi framed multi- -story residential story residential
buildings is rigid diaphragm analysis buildings is rigid diaphragm analysis
incorporating multi incorporating multi- -story shear wall story shear wall
deformations via three deformations via three- -dimensional dimensional
modeling. modeling.
10
Hohbach Hohbach- - Lewin, Inc. Lewin, Inc.
Structural Engineers Structural Engineers