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In computing, DOC or doc (an abbreviation of 'document') is a filename extension for

word processing documents, most commonly in te proprietary !icrosoft "ord


#inary $ile $ormat%&'( )istorically, te extension was used for documentation in plain
text, particularly of programs or computer ardware on a wide range of operating
systems% During te *+,-s, "ord.erfect used DOC as te extension of teir
proprietary format% /ater, in te *++-s, !icrosoft cose to use te DOC extension for
teir proprietary !icrosoft "ord format% 0e original uses for te extension ave largely
disappeared from te .C world%
Contents
&ide(
* !icrosoft "ord #inary $ile $ormat
* *%* 1pplication support
2 *%2 3pecification
2 2 Oter file formats
4 4 5eferences
' ' 6xternal lin7s
!icrosoft "ord #inary $ile $ormat&edit(
#inary DOC files often contain more text formatting information (as well as scripts
and undo information) tan some oter document file formats li7e 5ic 0ext $ormat
and )yper0ext !ar7up /anguage, but are usually less widely compatible%
0e DOC files created wit !icrosoft "ord versions differ% !icrosoft "ord versions up
to "ord +8 used a different format from !icrosoft "ord +8 9 2--4%
In !icrosoft "ord 2--8 and later, te binary file format was replaced as te default
format by te Office Open :!/ format, toug !icrosoft "ord can still produce DOC
files%
1pplication support&edit(
3ee also; Comparison of word processors
0e DOC format is native to !icrosoft "ord% Oter word processors, suc as
OpenOffice%org "riter, I#! /otus 3ympony, 1pple .ages and 1bi"ord, can also
create and read DOC files, altoug wit some limitations% Command line programs for
<nix9li7e operating systems tat can convert files from te DOC format to plain text or
oter standard formats include te wv library, wic itself is used directly by 1bi"ord%
3pecification&edit(
#ecause te DOC file format was a closed specification for many years, inconsistent
andling of te format persists and may cause some loss of formatting information wen
andling te same file wit multiple word processing programs% 3ome specifications for
!icrosoft Office +8 binary file formats were publised in *++8 under a restrictive
license, but tese specifications were removed from online download in *+++%&=( &>( &8( &,(
3pecifications of later versions of !icrosoft Office binary file formats were not publicly
available% 0e DOC format specification was available from !icrosoft on re?uest&+(
since 2-->&*-( under restrictive 51@D9A terms until $ebruary 2--,% 3un
!icrosystems and OpenOffice%org reverse engineered te file format%&**( On
$ebruary *=, 2--,, !icrosoft released a %DOC format specification&'( &*2( &*4( under te
!icrosoft Open 3pecification .romise%&*'( &*=( )owever, tis specification does not
describe all of te features used by DOC format and reverse engineered wor7 remains
necessary%&*>( 3ince 2--, te specification was canged several times, te last cange
was made in @ovember 2-*4%
Oter file formats&edit(
3ome istorical documentations may use te DOC filename extension for plain9text file
format% 0e DOC filename extension was also used in istorical versions of "ord.erfect
for its proprietary format%
3ome software applications use te name BDOCB in combination wit oter words (suc
as te name of software manufacturer) for different file formats% 1s an example, on te
.alm O3, DOC is sortand for .almDoc, a completely unrelated format (commonly
using .D# filename extension) used to encode text files suc as eboo7s%

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