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SpatialData
OneoftheveryimportantthingsthatanArcMapuserhastolearnishowtocreateandedit
spatialdata.But,itisalsoasimportantastolearntheconceptofspatialdata.Rememberthat
inArcMap,ausercanmakeuseoftwotypesofdata,thespatialandthenonspatial.Non
spatialdataaredatathatisnotgeographicalintegrated,whichmeanthatinusingsuchkindof
datayouhavetoperformsomeoperations.Spatialdataontheotherhand,isalreadyapartof
agraphicalrepresentationofanarea.Spatialdatacanbeintegratedintoaline/polyline,point,
orpolygon.Withthatinformation,wheneverauserwillclickanyfeaturewithinamap(withthe
useofIdentify)ArcMapwillbeabletodisplayaddedinformationasincludedwithinthespatial
data.Spatialdataisalsotermedasgeospatialdataorgeographicinformation.Includedinthe
dataaregeographiclocationsoffeaturesandboundaries,coordinates,andtopology.Mostly
spatialdataaretheoneneededforGISprocessing.
DataAcquisitions
Acquiringspatialdatacanbedoneinmanyways.Thereiswhatwecalledasdigitizing,itisthe
processwhereaprintedmaphastobecapturedusingaphotoscannerandtheimagethatit
producedistracewithinArcMap.Anotheronestillwiththeuseofsketchingmethod,willbe
fromaerialphotographandtraceaswellwithinArcMap.Also,wecanacquirespatialdataby
actuallydoingasurvey.SurveyscanbedoneusingtheTotalStationorusingtheGlobal
PositioningSystem(GPS).
DatafromtheTotalStationortheGPSstillneedstobeprocessedinorderforittobeused
withinArcMap.Thedatathathasbeengatheredwillthenbemanipulatedinorderforittobe
alignedwithanycoordinatesystemsandonanyexistingArcInfospatialdata.
GISLaboratoryExercise4CreatingandEditingSpatialData
Objectives:
Inthisexercise,youwill:
- AlignanacquiredaerialphotousingGeoreferencing
- CreatingandEditingspatialdatafromaerialphotograph
- ImportingspatialdatafromCADfile
UsingGeoreferencingtoalignanaerialphotograph
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Acquiringaspatialdatacanbedoneinmanyways.Withtheexistenceoftheinternet,wecan
beabletoacquireabundantsourcesofthesedata.Forthisportionoftheexercise,wewill
utilizeanaerialphotoobtainedfromGoogleEarthprogram.
o RunArcCatalog.
o Makesurethatthefileextensionisvisible.Hint:ClickCustomizemenuandthenselect
ArcCatalogOptions.
o ClicktheGeneraltabifnecessary,andmakesurethatFolderConnections(always
shown),Toolboxes,andReturntolastlocationwhenArcCatalogstartsuparetheonly
boxesthatshowsthechecksign.ThenclickOK.
o VerifyLearnGIS2folderappearsonyourFolderConnections.Ifnot,thenyouhaveto
addLearnGIS2folder.
o ExpandLearnGIS2andselectCreatingandEditingSpatialDatafolder.
1. Whatarethefilesanditscorrespondingtypecontainedinthisfolder?
________________________________________________________________________
o ExpandCreatingandEditingSpatialDatafolder,rightclickonSRP_01.jpg,andselect
Propertiesfromthepopupmenu.
2. DoesthisRasterDatasetcontainanyspatialreference?
____________________
o ClosethePropertiesdialogboxandclickonthePreviewtab.
3. DescribethecontentofSRP_01.jpg.
________________________________________________________________________
o CloseArcCatalogandrunArcMap.
o InArcMap,clickFilemenuandselectOpen.LocateCebuCitySRP.mxdmapdocumentin
..\LearnGIS2\CreatingandEditingSpatialDatafolderandclickOpen.
YourcurrentviewistheSRPAreawhichisaviewbookmark.Currently,SRP(SouthRoad
Properties)doesnotexistonthismap.ItisourobjectivetocreatethemapoftheSRP.Since
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theonlywaywecandothatistomakeuseofareferencemapwhichisanaerialphotoofthe
area.
o FromCatalog,locateSRP_01.jpganddragdropittotheDataFrame.
o OntheCreatePyramidsforSRP_01.jpg(4000x2604)dialogbox,clickonYes.(Ifadialog
boxrelatedtoSpatialReferencewillappear,justclickOK).
o ZoomtoFullExtent.
4. Describewhathappened.Whatisthescaleofthemap?Canyouseetheimageandthe
mapclearly?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
o ZoomtoSRP_01.jpglayer.Hint:RightclickSRP_01.jpgandthenclickZoomToLayer.
o UsingthemousescrollortheZoomOuttool,zoomouttheDataFrameuntilyoureach
theapproximatescalevalueofthefullextentview.
5. Describetheactuallocationoftheimagewithrespecttothemap.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
o ClicktheFullExtentzoomtoolagain.
o ClicktheCustomizemenuthenselectToolbarsandverifythatGeoreferencingis
checked.
o TheGeoreferencingtoolbar will
appear.Dockittothetoolbararea.
SinceGeoreferencingtoolwillworkonRasterandimportableformats,whatwouldonlyappear
ontheLayerdropdownlististheSRP_01.jpg.
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o ClickBookmarksmenuandselectSRPArea.
o ClicktheGeoreferencingdropdownmenuandclickFitToDisplay.
o ClickBookmarksmenuagainandselectRightMostPoint.Locateayellowcoloredcircle
ontheimagesimilartowhatisshownbelow.
o ZoomtoFullExtent.FromtheTableOfContents,movetheSRP_01.jpgabove
BrgysOfCebuCitylayer.
o ClickBookmarksagainandselectLeftMostPointtoviewtheleftmostpartoftheimage
asshownbelow.
o Thistime,clicktheBookmarksmenuandclickSRPArea.
Takenotethatforthisexercisereferencepointsareheldoutforyoutomakesurethatyouwill
beabletoeasilylocateit.
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o PlacetheSRP_01.jpgbelowBrgysOfCebuCitylayeronceagain.
o SetthetransparencyofBrgysOfCebuCityto75%.Hint:RightclickonBrgysOfCebuCity
layerandclickProperties.ClicktheDisplaytabontheLayerPropertiesdialogboxand
type75ontheTransparentfield.
o ClickBookmarksmenuandselectLeftMostPoint.Besurethattheyellowdotonthe
imagewillbevisible,ifnecessaryzoominsomemore.
o OntheGeoreferencingtool,uncheckAutoAdjust(clicktheGeoreferencingdropdown
menu)andthenclicktheAddControlPointsbutton .Clickonthecenterofthe
yellowdotandsettheotherendpointofthelineatanintersectingroadjustaboveit.
Verifyyourresultthroughthefollowinggraphic.
o NowclicktheBookmarkmenuagainandselectRightMostPoint.
o Clickonthecenteroftheyellowdotandsettheotherendpointofthelineatthetipofa
polygonshapeasshownbelow.
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Thefirst
protruding
polygonon
thisarea.
o ClicktheGeoreferencingdropdownmenuandclickUpdateDisplay.
Note:IncaseyouwillhavesomemistakesinusingtheAddControlPoints,justopentheLink
TabledialogboxbyclickingtheViewLinkTable .OntheLinkTabledialogbox,youmay
deleteanyexistinglinksthatyouhavecreated.
6. WhathappenedtotheimageontheDataFrame(UsethePantool toexaminethe
map)?
________________________________________________________________________
o ClickUpdateGeoreferencingintheGeoreferencingtool.Saveyourmapas
MyCebuCitySRPinyour..\MyGISOutputsfolder.
o RemovetheGeoreferencingtoolfromyourtoolbar.Hint:Rightclickontheemptyarea
ofthetoolbarforthepopupmenutoappearanduncheckGeoreferencing.
CreatingaSpatialDatabysketchingtheaerialphotograph
ThegeneraltermusedforanygeographiclayerwithinanyGISsoftwareisSpatialData.In
ArcMap10thisisspecificallycalledaFeatureClasswhileinolderArcGIS3itiscommonlyas
Shapefile.
o ClickontheCatalogtoolandlocateCebu_City_SRPgeodatabase
..\LearnGIS2\CreatingandEditingSpatialDatafolder. whichisin
o RightclickonCebu_City_SRPgeodatabaseselectNewandthenclickFeatureClass.
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o OntheNewFeatureClassdialogbox,typeSRP_RoadsontheNamefieldandthenselect
LineFeaturesunderType.ClickNexttocontinue.
o Forthecoordinatesystemselection,clickonImport.OntheBrowseforCoordinate
SystemdialogboxlocateandselectBrgysOfCebuCityfeatureclasswhichislocatedin
..\LearnGIS2\CreatingandEditingSpatialData\Cebu_City_SRPgeodatabasethenclick
Add.VerifythatPhilippines_Zone_IVwillappearintheNamefield.ClickNextthrice.
o UndertheFieldNamecolumn,onthethirdrowtypeRoad_NameandsettheDataType
asTextthenclickonFinish.
SRP_RoadslayerisnowbeingaddedtotheTableOfContents,butthislayerisstillempty
thereforewewillplacesomefeaturesintothislayer.
o RightclickontheemptyareaofthetoolbarandenabletheEditortool.DocktheEditor
toolifnecessary.AlsoenabletheSnappingtoolanddockitifnecessary.
o ClicktheEditordropdownmenuandclickStartEditingasshownbelow.
o TheCreateFeaturesdockingwindownowappearedontherightsideofArcMap.Select
theSRP_RoadsandontheConstructionToolsbesuretoselectLine.
o ZoomtotheareaneartheFortSanPedroneartheMalacaansaSugboandbegintracing
themajorroadfromthatpoint.BesurethatUseSnappingisunchecked.Verifythisin
Snappingtool.
Whiledoingthetracingyoumightwanttopanorzoomthemapwithoutlosingthetracing
mode.Youcandothatbyutilizingtheshortcutkeys.Inordertopanthemapwhileintracing
mode,presstheCkeyandassoonasthecursorchangesintoahandsymbolwithoutreleasing
theCkeydragthemousetowhereyouwantthemaptobefocused.
Forthezoomingoperationwhileontracingmode,justpresstheZkeyanddragaboxaround
theareayouwanttozoomin.Justusethemousescrollifyouwanttozoominoroutwithout
specifyinganarea.
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Tospecifyanendtoasegmentjustclickonitandcontinuethetracinguntilyouarriveatthe
locationoftheboundarybetweenTalisayandCebuCity.Wheneveryouarriveatthatpoint,
rightclickandselectFinishSketchonthepopupmenu.Theroadshouldbemoreorlesslikely
thesameasthefollowing.
o Whiletheroadishighlighted,opentheattributesbyclickingtheAttributesbuttonon
theEditortoolbar .OntheAttributesdockablewindow,settheRoad_Namefieldas
CebuSouthCoastalRoad.
o Next,wewilltracetheSRPMambalingRoadwhichiscompletelyshownbelow.(Name
theroadontheAttributeswindowasSRPMambalingRoad)
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o ClickontheEditordropdownmenuandclickSaveEdits,thenStopEditing.
o SettheSRP_RoadssymbolcolortoYuccaYellow(row1,column5)anditsWidthto2.
ThistimewearegoingtocreatetheareawhichistheentireSRP.
o Usingwhatyoulearnincreatingnewfeatureclass,createapolygonfeatureclassand
nameitasSRP_Area.Forthefields,justprovidethefollowing:
o FieldName:Area_NameDataType:Text
o Usingwhatyoulearnwhenyouauthoredtheroads,starteditingthefeatureclass.
7. OnCreateFeatureswindow,doestheSRP_Areafeatureclassappearonthelist?
_____________________
FortheSRP_Areafeatureclasstoappear,youneedtocreateatemplateforit.
o ClickontheOrganizeTemplates ontheCreateFeatureswindow.
o OntheOrganizeFeatureTemplateswindow,selectSRP_AreaandselectNewTemplate
thenclickFinishthenClose.
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o OntheCreateFeatureswindow,selectSRP_AreaandontheConstructionToolsselect
PolygonandtracetheboundaryoftheSRPartificialislandasshownbelowandsetthe
Area_NametoSRPArtificialIsland.
o Saveandstoptheediting.
o SetthesymbolcolorofSRP_AreatoVioletDust(row7,column10).
o OpentheSRP_Areasattributetable.
8. Howmuchistheareaofthecreatedpolygon?_______________________
WehavecreatedtheareaoftheSRPbutifyouhidetheSRP_Areaandviewtheimage,youwill
observethatthereisapondwithinthearea.Wehavetoremoveaportionofourexisting
polygontomaketheexactreclaimedareaofSRPandmakethehallowarea.
o SettheSRP_Areatransparencyto30%.Hint:RightclickontheSRP_Arealayerinthe
TableOfContentsandselectProperties.ClickonDisplayifnecessary,andset
Transparentfieldto30thenclickOK.
o ClicktheEditordropdownmenuandStartEditing.
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o OntheSnappingtoolbar,besuretoenableUsesnapping.Makesurethatthesnapping
modewillonlybeEndSnappingbyclickingonothersnappingmodestoremovethe
highlightasshownbelow.
o SelecttheSRP_AreaontheCreateFeatureswindowandselectthepolygonarea(which
willshowahighlightedpolygon)ontheDataFrameandfromtheEditortoolselectCut
PolygonsTool .
o Nowbegintracingtheareaofthepondandtoendthetracing,doubleclickonthe
startingpointofthistrace.Refertothefigurebelowforverification.
o Currently,theSRPpolygonisalsoselected.NowclickonEditTool andselectthe
pondpolygonandpressthedeletekey.
o Saveandstopediting.
9. HowmuchistheareaoftheSRP_Areapolygonthistime?__________________
o RestorethetransparencyoftheBrgysOfCebuCityandSRP_Areabackto0andhide
SRP_01.jpg
Thecorrectwayofconstructingthepolylineroadfeatureonintersectionsistocuttheroad
onceitarrivedonanintersection.Crossingoflineswithinapolylinefeatureclassisincorrect,
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inthefollowingstepwehavetoeditSRP_RoadwherewewillcorrectlysketchtheSRP
MambalingCebuSouthCoastalintersection.
o OpentheSRP_Roadsattributetable.
10. HowmanyrecordsarethereintheSRP_Roads?______________
o Usingwhatyouhavelearnedineditinglayers,edittheSRP_Roads.
o SelecttheCebuSouthCoastalRoadandfromtheEditortoolbar,selectSplitTool .
o ClickontheintersectionbetweenSRPMambalingRoadandSouthCoastalRoad.
11. OnceagainviewtheSRP_Roadsattributetable.Howmanyrecordsarethere?
___________
o Saveandstopyourediting.
o Updateyourmapdocument.Hint:ClickonFilemenuthenSave.
o Fromwhatyouhavelearnedinmaplayout(ie.Exercise#1),createamaplayout
focusingontheSRPareaandexportitonaPDFfile.Besuretoenablethelabelsonthe
roadswithinSRP.IncludescalebarandscaletextaswellwithamaptitleCebuCity
SouthRoadProperties.
Preparedby:
Engr.JaniceB.Jamora,MEngandEngr.NoelT.Navasca,CompE
December2012
References:
1. ArcGISDesktopII:ToolandFunctionalitybyGEODATA,ESRI
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