S.K.

Parida Oscillation ITER

1

Oscillation


Points to be remembered:
Displacement of SHM

, where A= amplitude and

Energy of SHM: =

Amplitude of the DHM

Logarithm decrement =

Differential equation of forced vibration

Amplitude of forced vibration for steady state

Phase difference between displacement and periodic force

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Assignment
1. In a weakly damped oscillation, the damping force is proportional to velocity. Indicate the position
at which (i) the damping force vanishes and (ii) the restoring force vanishes.
2. Give the physical significance of damping coefficient and its unit.
3. Compare the amplitude and time period of the vibration produce in free, damped and forced
oscillation.
4. An under damped oscillator has a mass 0.2kg is suspended by a spring in a viscous medium whose
force constant is 60 dyne/cm and damping constant 20 dyne/cm.s Show that the motion of the
particle is oscillatory
5. Show that the amplitude of a weakly damped oscillation reduces to half its initial value in time t =
Tln2. where T is the relaxation time.
6. Mention the conditions for under-damping, critical-damping and over-damping of a simple
harmonic oscillator oscillating with angular frequency

in any viscous medium of damping

coefficient and show graphical sketch of above condition.
7. A harmonic oscillator of mass 0.1kg suspended by a rigid support of spring constant 0.16N/m,
oscillating under critical damping condition in any viscous medium. Calculate damping coefficient
and damping constant if the oscillator moving with 3cm/sec.
8. The amplitude of a damped oscillation attains maximum value of 24cm when forced by an
external periodic force Fcost. Find maximum amplitude of oscillation when damping co-efficient
is doubled and magnitude F of the external periodic force is halved.
9. The differential equation of motion of a damped harmonic oscillating body represent by

. Find the natural frequency of the oscillating body.

10. If the displacement of an under damped oscillation represents

. Find
the constants A and at the mean position

and at the extreme position.

11. Prove that

is the solution of the differential equation of motion for an under

damped oscillator in critical damping.
12. The quality factor value for an under damped oscillator of frequency 500Hz is 5000. Calculate the
time in which (i) its amplitude reduce to

of its initial value.(ii) its energy reduce to

of its
initial value.
13. The amplitude of the oscillation of an under damped oscillator of frequency 100sec
-1
fall to 1/10
th

of its initial value after 1000 oscillations. Calculate (a) damping coefficient (b) logarithmic
decrement (c) time in which energy falls to 1/10 of its original value.
14. A under damped oscillator oscillates with natural frequency 200Hz and its amplitude of oscillation
reduced to 1/10
th
of its initial value after 2000cycles. Calculate
Damping coefficient
Time period for damped harmonic motion
Quality factor
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Logarithm decrement
Relaxation time
15. What is forced vibration? Explain the terms transient state and steady state with reference to
forced vibration.
16. What is resonance? What do you mean by sharpness of resonance? Under what condition it is
maximum? Plot amplitude and phase versus angular frequency curve.
17. What is the phase difference between displacements of an oscillator with driving force at
resonance?
18. What is the phase difference between velocity of an oscillator with driving force at resonance?
19. A forced harmonic oscillator has same displacement amplitudes at the two angular frequencies

Calculate the resonant frequency at which the displacement is

maximum.
20. A forced harmonic oscillator has same displacement amplitudes at the two angular frequencies

Calculate the resonant frequency at which the

displacement is maximum.






















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Solutions/Hints:
1. In a weakly damped oscillation, the damping force is proportional to velocity. Indicate the position at
which (i) the damping force vanishes and (ii) the restoring force vanishes.
(Ans- at extreme position, at mean position)
2. Give the physical significance of damping coefficient and its unit. (Ans- damped motion, T
-1
)
3. Compare the amplitude and time period of the vibration produce in free, damped and forced oscillation.
[Ans- (A , A

) (

)
4. An under damped oscillator has a mass 0.2kg is suspended by a spring in a viscous medium whose force
constant is 60 dyne/cm and damping constant 20 dyne/cm.s Show that the motion of the particle is
oscillatory. (hint- show

Ans:
Given:

Since

, therefore it is a oscillatory system.

5. Show that the amplitude of a weakly damped oscillation reduces to half its initial value in time t = Tln2.
where T is the relaxation time. (

)
Ans:

(Since T = 1/

6. Mention the conditions for under-damping, critical-damping and over-damping of a simple harmonic
oscillator oscillating with angular frequency

in any viscous medium of damping coefficient and

show graphical sketch of above condition. (see class note)
7. A harmonic oscillator of mass 0.1kg suspended by a rigid support of spring constant 0.16N/m,
oscillating under critical damping condition in any viscous medium. Calculate damping coefficient and
damping constant if the oscillator moving with 3cm/sec.

Ans:

For critical damping case,

Therefore damping force,

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Minus sign indicate that damping force is an opposing force.
8. The amplitude of a damped oscillation attains maximum value of 24cm when forced by an external
periodic force Fcost. Find maximum amplitude of oscillation when damping co-efficient is doubled
and magnitude F of the external periodic force is halved.
Ans:

9. The differential equation of motion of a damped harmonic oscillating body represent by

. Find the natural frequency of the oscillating body.

Ans:
Given:

Now, comparing the differential equation (1) with the differential equation of the damped harmonic
motion:

, we get

10. If the displacement of an under damped oscillation represents

. Find the
constants A and at the mean position

and at the extreme position.

Ans: At the mean position,

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At the extreme position

11. Prove that

is the solution of the differential equation of motion for an under

damped oscillator in critical damping. ( hint: substitute 2
nd
derivative, 1
st
derivative and x value in diff. eq. of
DHM and at last show RHS goes to zero)

Ans:

We know the differential equation of DHM is

. (1)
The LHS of the eq(1),

Under the critical damping condition

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12. The quality factor value for an under damped oscillator of frequency 500Hz is 5000. Calculate the time
in which (i) its energy reduces to

of its initial value (ii) how many oscillations the oscillator will make
in this time.
Ans:
Given:

For case (i) we know,

(From the value of )

For case (ii) the energy is reduced 1/e to the value in 1.59 second which is equal to the relaxation
time . The number of oscillations made by the oscillator in time t will be (

(Since

)
13. A under damped oscillator oscillates with natural frequency 200Hz and its amplitude of oscillation
reduced to 1/10
th
of its initial value after 2000cycles. Calculate
Damping coefficient
Time period for damped harmonic motion
Quality factor
Logarithm decrement
Relaxation time
Ans: Given

Time = t= 2000cycles = 2000T,

We know

[ ]
(From given condition of question)
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[ ]

=
2.303 =

Time period for damped harmonic motion =

Quality factor=

Logarithmic decrement: = (

)
Relaxation time

4.34 s
14. The amplitude of the oscillation of an under damped oscillator of frequency 100sec
-1
fall to 1/10
th
of its
initial value after 1000 oscillations. Calculate (a) damping coefficient (b) logarithmic decrement (c) time
in which energy falls to 1/10 of its original value.
Ans: Time = t= 1000cycles = 1000T,

We know

[ ]
(From given condition of question)

[ ]

=
2.303 =

Logarithmic decrement: = (

)
We know,

(From the value of

=
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t =

15. What is forced vibration? Explain the terms transient state and steady state with reference to forced
vibration. ( hint: see the class note)


16. What is resonance? What do you mean by sharpness of resonance? Under what condition it is
maximum? Plot amplitude and phase versus angular frequency curve.

Ans: The rapidity in which the amplitude falls as the forcing frequency defers from resonance on
either side of the maximum value of amplitude is called sharpness of resonance.
Condition for width of the resonance ,

------------------------ (1)

and

Substituting above value in eq.(1), we get

-------------------------- (2)

---------------------------- (3) ( reference the figure)

Eq.(2) - eq.(3), we get

, at the resonance,

Therefore

Hence, the width of the resonance

Large the damping, amplitude fall will be smaller. Therefore the sharpness of resonance will be
small. So the curve is very flat. But for weak damping, resonance will be very sharp.
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17. What is the phase difference between displacements of an oscillator with driving force at resonance?
(Ans-90
0
)
18. What is the phase difference between velocities of an oscillator with driving force at resonance? (Ans-
0
0
)
19. A forced harmonic oscillator has same displacement amplitudes at the two angular frequencies

Calculate the resonant frequency at which the displacement is maximum.

Ans: here given condition of the question,

Squaring on both side, we get

Where resonant frequency,

20. A forced harmonic oscillator has same displacement amplitudes at the two angular frequencies

Calculate the resonant frequency at which the displacement is

maximum. (hint:

)
Ans: