BIOLOGY FORM 4 CHAPTER 3 MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS PLASMA

MEMBRANE
Osmosis
- Is the diffusion of . .. from a region of
. to a region
of . . through a
.. membrane.
- Is a special type of diffusion.
- Will occur continuously until the solutions on both sides of the semi-permeable
membrane have the . . .
- Examples of osmosis:
(a)
(b)
- iagram of mechanism of osmosis:
Facilitated diffusion:
- Is the . of .. . !he concentration gradient assisted
by transport proteins" namely the .. proteins or proteins.
- !he transport proteins facilitate and increase the rate of diffusion across the
membrane.
- !he process is and does not re#uire expenditure . In
form by the cell.
a) $acilitated diffusion through channel proteins:
- %ome pore proteins are al&ays open" others can open or close to
movements of ions.
- Eg: 'a
(
" )
(
can pass through pore proteins by facilitated diffusion.
- Water molecules can move through the bilayer by ..
. . *o&ever" channel proteins called .. in the
BIOLOGY FORM 4 CHAPTER 3 MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS PLASMA
MEMBRANE
plasma membrane increase the rate of diffusion of &ater molecules into or
out of a cell.
b) $acilitated diffusion through carrier proteins:
- %ome small hydrophilic organic molecules can move through the plasma
membrane by facilitated diffusion.
- + solute molecule eg. .. binds to a .. ..
of the carrier protein. !he binding causes the carrier molecule to alter its
shape. !he . molecule is moved by the carrier protein its
concentration gradient across plasma membrane.
Comparison between diffusion and osmosis:
Similarities
- o not need energy
- ,ccur &hen there is a concentration gradient
Differences
Diffusion Osmosis
Active Transport:
- Is the .. of substances across the plasma membrane
. the .. .
- !his process needs the supply of .. in .. form. !he
energy is needed for moving the . protein so that they can transport
substances . the concentration gradient.
- !he movements of substances re#uires . . . %ubstances
&hich are re#uired to be transported bind to the carrier proteins. !he carrier proteins
receive from the . and change ..
BIOLOGY FORM 4 CHAPTER 3 MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS PLASMA
MEMBRANE
and get activated to transport the substances concerned across the plasma membrane
. !he .. . .
- Examples of active transport:
(a)
(b)
- iagram of mechanism of active transport:
Comparison between passive transport and active transport:
Aspect Passive transport Active transport
-etabolic energy
.rocess
-ovement of molecules /
ions
,ccurs through
!ypes of molecules &hich
move
BIOLOGY FORM 4 CHAPTER 3 MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS PLASMA
MEMBRANE