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This document outlines the procedures and requirements for a laboratory experiment involving the potentiometric titration of acidic and basic compounds found in common household cleaners. Students will be divided into groups to develop and carry out methods for identifying and quantifying the acid or base components using titration with a pH meter. The document specifies that groups must submit a safety plan, quality assurance/quality control protocol, and formal written report of their experimental method and results to meet the learning objectives of the experiment.
This document outlines the procedures and requirements for a laboratory experiment involving the potentiometric titration of acidic and basic compounds found in common household cleaners. Students will be divided into groups to develop and carry out methods for identifying and quantifying the acid or base components using titration with a pH meter. The document specifies that groups must submit a safety plan, quality assurance/quality control protocol, and formal written report of their experimental method and results to meet the learning objectives of the experiment.
This document outlines the procedures and requirements for a laboratory experiment involving the potentiometric titration of acidic and basic compounds found in common household cleaners. Students will be divided into groups to develop and carry out methods for identifying and quantifying the acid or base components using titration with a pH meter. The document specifies that groups must submit a safety plan, quality assurance/quality control protocol, and formal written report of their experimental method and results to meet the learning objectives of the experiment.
Potentiometric Titration of Acidic and Basic Compounds
in Household Cleaners Spring 2010
Common household cleaners generally contain one or two acids or bases.The acid components are used for the removal of alkaline scale deposits andstains, particularly from iron. The acidic compounds in household cleaners usually include hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium bisulfate or hydroxyacetic acid. Introduction
The weaker base components cut grease while the strong bases and oxidizing agents serve to dissolve animal matter such as hair, grease, and food stuffs. The basic compounds in household cleaners usually include ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium carbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate.
The concentration of these components can be determined from the endpoints on a potentiometric titration curve. Other ingredients such as foaming agents, detergents, coloring, etc., do not interfere with the potentiometric acid-base reactions.
You will be randomly assigned into groups of three or four. Each group is to function as an independent testing laboratory. Each group (lab) will have one bench and one hood for its exclusive use. This group has sole responsibility for cleaning up the assigned bench andhood at the end of each lab period.
Prior to the start of any laboratory work, a complete safety plan must be formulated, written and submitted for approval. This should be done in a more formal manner than the safety sheets used for other lab, that is written in some detail. Since it takes time to evaluate each lab's safety plan, do not expect to submit it at the beginning of a lab period and start working immediately. The safety plan should be submitted a day prior to the anticipated start of lab work (at the latest).You can send them to your TA through email. Safety
The safety plan should address: Storage/handling/disposal of samples and reagents Cleanup of spills Use of balances Personal protection needed Procedures to follow in case of exposure to hazardous chemicals Where operations involving undiluted samples will be performed
Your testing laboratory is expected to provide quantitative results that are within 2 percent of the true value. Assume a 95% confidence interval. AQA/QC (quality assurance/quality control) protocol should be formulated and prior to the start of careful laboratory work.Chapter 5 of Harris should be consulted for more detail on formulating a QA/QC protocol.(Some preliminary testing will likely be needed to establish rough concentrations, etc. The method development phase should also precedeformulation of a final QA/QC protocol.) Quality Control
Your QA/QC protocol should address: Do you need to calibrate your balance? Do you need to calibrate your volumetric glassware? How are you going to evaluate analytical precision? Calibration of pH meters Method of calculating the 95% confidence interval Measurement of precision of each step in the analysis Calculation of overall method standard deviation Calculation of the number of experimental results needed to report your answer to 2% with 95% certainty
Your group (lab) is to devise the entire procedure to identify and quantitate the acid or base components of the household cleaning products provided. Method Development
The requirements are few: Your quantitative results must be based on potentiometric titrations using the pH meters supplied. Weighing of primary standards on the analytical balances must be done by the "weighing by difference" method. You cannot use the Internet as the sole source of your method. Anymethod proposed must be based on reports in the peer-reviewed literature. These sources will be required in the final report (seebelow). While results, calculations, observations, etc. will be recorded in the notebook of the responsible individual, a summary of each days work should be recorded in a single group notebook. This summary should have the same format as the summaries you are already used to doing in previous experiments. All members of the group should sign the daily summary. Preparation and submission of these daily summariesis to be the responsibility of the lab manager for the group. There will likely be a "inter-laboratory quality assurance sample" given to each of the labs after your procedures are established. The results for each"lab" will be posted so that you can compare your method/technique to the other "labs".
Turn in (due on April 9 th ) a hard-copy report detailing your method and stating your results. This should be a formal report using the standard ACS article format (Introduction, Experimental,Results, Discussion, Conclusion, References) details on writing in this format can be found on the course website. Report all raw data andjustify your results by indicating all statistical evaluations performed. All data tables, charts and graphs should be amenable to electronic publishing (see below). Written Report
Append a copy of the title page of each source article from the peer- reviewed literature.
In addition, turn in a digital copy of your report. Conversion of the whole report to .pdf format is desired.