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CSEC MATHEMATICS
Past Paper Solution May 2008
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** Please see the original past paper for the questions.
Only the answers will be provided as per copyright obligations.
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
#$a. s
%.&'.()=*.$)
'.+)(*='.,(
so: *.$)'.,(=*.&&
b-
simplifying the numerator :
(
$
(

*
.
=
.
(

*
.
=
$)
$'
. Divide Numerator by denominator:

$)
$'

%
*

$)
$'

*
%
/
%*
$.
/ (
*
$.
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
$.b 0$1an / 20)(..'

01an (.'.'' / 2 0(.' x )(.. / 20$,3$(..''

1redit limit / 02 %'3''' / 01an 4%'3'''5)(..- / 01an *$%.)&
1redit card balance / 0*$%.)& 6 0(.'.'' / 01an $+%.)&
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
#uestion (
a / (3 b / 7$3 c / %
a4b8c- / (47$ 8%- / *
*b
(
(ac
abc
/
*$
(
((%
($%
/
* $(
*
/ (
b-
i- * x.
ii- ab$+
c-
i- $. 6 *x / +x 8(

$.(=$'x *x

$%=$' x

x=$.%
ii- +a
(
b
%
$(a
*
b=+a
(
b b
(
(a
(

iii- (m
(
&m . a / (3 b / &3 c / 7.
let p9 / ac : p89 / b

p9 / 7$': p89 / &

p / $'3 9 / 7$

(m
(
&m . / (m
(
$'m m.
/ (m m.m.
/ (m $ m.
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cxcDirect Institute
Q3
1areer < Angle
Doctor $'. %.
=eacher $,& +%
Artist ($+ )(
>awyer (*' ,'
?ales %%' $$'
=otal $',' %+'
@t / $',' 7 4 (*' 8 $,& 8 ($+ 8 %%'- / $'.
1onverting to a pie chart angle:

Doctor / %+'
'

$'.
$','
/ %.
'

=eacher / %+'
'

$,&
$','
/ +%
'
and so on...
Pie Chart
#*.
; / prime numbers / $)3 $&3 (%
N / Even numbers / $+3 $,3 ('3 ((3 (*
M ! / $.3 ($3 (.
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
b.
1onstruction details.
$. Draw straight line AA / )cm
(. 1onstruct +'
'
"#$ using compass
%. ;easure AD / )cm
*. ?et compass to a separation of )cm and with centre
D3 construct an arc above A.
.. ?et compass to a separation of ) cm and with centre
A3 construct a second arc to intersect the first arc.
=he intersection of the two arcs is the point 1.
+. ;easure A1 / $(.$cm
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Doctor
( 35
0
)
Teacher
( 63
0
)
Artist
( 72
0
)
Lawyer
( 80
0
)
Sales
( 110
0
)
N
M
U
16, 18, 20,
22, 24
17, 19, 23
15,21,25
A B
60
0
D
C
7 cm
7 cm
12.1 cm
cxcDirect Institute
Q!
=he diagrams below highlight the main areas of #. 4see past
paper for original-.
$.- B? / , 6 ( / +m
(.- x / $' 6 B? / *m
Cerimeter e9ual distance around the two obDects.
?ince A and A are Doined at B?3 then B? is not taEen into
account so:
Cerimeter A / ( 4 . 8 $' - 7 B?
/ %' 6 + / (*m
Cerimeter A / ( 4 , 8 % - 7 B?
/ (( 6 + / $+m
Cerimeter 4A8A- / (* 8 $+ / *'m
Area 4 A 8 A - / $' x . 8 , x % / "#$
2
Area of floor board / $m x ('cm
/ $m x '.(m 4 ('cm / '.(m-
/ '.(m
(
< floor boards needed to cover A
/
#rea #
area of floor board
/
$'.
'.(
/ 20

cxcDirect Institute cxcDirect.org: ;ath club : *
A
10m
5m
B
8m
3m
2m RS = 6m
R S
RS = 6m
R S
x=4m
cxcDirect Institute
#+
=he diagrams below highlight the main areas of #+

If FG / $(m
=hen tan %(
'
=
%&
&'

G2 /
%&
tan %(
'
/
$(
'.+(*&
/ %&!2$
similarly tan ()
'
=
%&
&(

so GH /
%&
tan ()
'
/
$(
'..'&.
/ (%...m
Now 2H / GH 6 G2 / (%... 6 $&.( / #!'$
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Question () Trans*or$ation
Irom the diagram given on the Cast paper3 we observe the
following:
$. ?iJe and Krientation of KbDect and Image are
maintained
(. P *3( )+3 .
%. P )3( )&3 .

where :
)

+
.

7
P

*
(

(
)

and :
)

&
.

7
P

)
(

(
)

=he obDect is transformed by a translation = where :

= /

(
)

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+ b contd.
cxcDirect Institute cxcDirect.org: ;ath club : .
G
27
0
32
0
!
"
1
y = x
2
1
y
x
0
3 4
2
3
4
5
6
7
5
6
7
( 7 , 2 )
P
S
( 6 , 4 )
( 4 ,2 )
( 4 ,2
)
( 4 ,6
)
( 2 ,4
)
( 2 ,7
)
cxcDirect Institute
#uestion )
Feneral e9uation / y / mx 8 c
c / y intercept / )
m / slope /
y
(
y
(
x
(
x
$
/
' )
( '
/ %..
$. so e9uation of line / y= %.. x)
(.
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Ior a Coint 4 7(3 E - on this line

E / y3 and x / 7 (
substituting these values in the e9uation :

y= %.. x)

* =%.. ()

* =$*
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
If a second line y / x 6 (3 intersects the first line3 the point
of intersection is found by maEing the two e9uations e9ual:

x ( = %.. x)
by solving this e9uation we get

x/ (3 and y / '
so coordinates of intersection / 4 (3 '-
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0
A(0, 7)
B(2, 0)
mid(1, 3.5)
(-2, k) !"#$# k = 14
-2
2
y = x -2
-2
cxcDirect Institute
#uestion ,
0cost 7stamps #uantity 0=otal
$ + +
$.( + ).(
(.. + $.
* + (*
=otal (* .(.(
=otal cost of stamps / 0.(.('
Carcel postage cost / (..)'
$. Lsing as many 0* stamps as possible
/ . x 0* 8 $ x 0(.. 8 $ x 0$.( 8 ( x 0$ / 0(..)'
(. Lsing all the 0$ stamps
/ + x 0$ 8 * x 0* 8 $ x 0(.. 8 $x 0$.( / 0(..)'
%. >argest < stamps

use all the smallest value stamps

/ + x 0$ 8 + x 0$.( 8 . x 0(.. / 0(..)'
largetst < / 4+8+8.- / $) stamps3 with values as shown
above
?ection II
x
(
x
%
x
*
/ x
(%*
- / x
a
%/ (
b
./ (
ab
%
/ a
%/ (
b
./ (
a
$/ (
b
%/ (
/ a
%/ ($/ (
b
./ (%/ (
/ a
(
b
*
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
if f x=(x %
then f
$
x /
x %
(
so f4(- / (4(- 6 % / $
and f
$
' /
'%
(
/
%
(
also f
$
f x /
(x%%
(
/ x
so f
$
f ( / (
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
# &.c
$. =emperature after $. min / .'
'
+
(.Bate of cooling at t / %' min / gradient of the tangent a t
t / %'min /
$*
('
/ '.)
'
+/ min
cxcDirect Institute cxcDirect.org: ;ath club : )
10 20
10
y
mi%
0
30 40
20
30
40
50
60
70
50
60
70
80
15
20
14
slope = 14/20 = 0.7 degree / min
cxcDirect Institute
#$'.a
If y*x=()

y=()*x ... $
also if xyx=*' ... (
then ?ubstituting ( into $

x ()*xx=*'

*x
(
(,x*'='

x
(
)x$'='

x( x.='
so x=( : or x=.
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
$'.b
Irom the diagram 4 see Cast paper-
$. $' boys and . girls falls outside the feasible region
and therefore cannot be members of the club at the
same time.
(. + boys and + girls falls inside the feasible region and
therefore can be members at the same time.
=he three e9uations that define the region are:
$. y(
(. y
*
.
x$(
%. y(x
If Crofit e9uation / %x 8 .y3 then max profit occurs at one of
the three vertices.
Mertex A

% x $ 8 . x ( / 0$%
Mertex A

% x . 8 . x , / 0.. 4 max Crofit-

Mertex 1

% x $( 8 . x ( / 0*+
#$$ 6 Feometry N =rig
=he figs below are used to show the theorems used for this
problem. 4 see past paper for original diagram-
Now: >ines K? and CB are parallel

alt. Angle as are

e9ual:

,P- =O-P=(+
'
(. =riangle KC? is isosceles

Aase angles are e9ual

O-P=OP- =(+
'

PO-=$,' ((+=$(,
'
Angle at centre / twice angle at circumference

P.-=
$(,
(
=+*
'
Angle between Badius 4KC- and =angent 4C#- / &'
'

,P)=&' (+(+=(,
'
#$$ 6 A
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B(5,8) - &$'(i) = *55
A(1 ,2) - *13 C(12, 2)- *46
+'y,
-i$.,
(10 ,5)
10
5
(6, 6)
6
6
128
26
P
R
26
26
/
S
128
P
6#
/
S
0
28 $0
P
R
/
S
1
26
26
cxcDirect Institute
=he diagram above is drawn to illustrate the principles used
to solve this problem3 4 see past paper for original drawing-
Define x as the perpendicular bisector of AA.

/O"=O#O"
where: sin /O"=
).(.
,..
/ '.,.(&*

/O" /
sin
$
'.,.(&*
/
.,..
'

#O"=(.,..=$$)
'
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Area of triangle AKA / O r
(
sin $$)
'
/ O,..
(
'.,&'+ / '2!%" cm
(
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Area of shaded section
/ Area of ?ector AKA 6 Area of triangle AKA
now :
area of sector AKA
area of circle
=
$$)
'
%+'
'
so : Area of sector / r
(

$$)
%+'
/ ,..
(

$$)
%+'
/ )%.)% cm
(

?haded area / )%.)% %(.$)=*$..+ cm

(
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
>ength of minor arc / ( r
$$)
%+'
length of maDor / ( r
%+'$$)
%+'
/ %+cm
#$(.a
$. =he completed bearing diagram is shown above.
,-. =+,%%=$'$
'
(. =o find ,.- we use the sine rule:

.+Em
sin ,.-
/
).Em
sin $'$
'

sin,.- / sin $'$

'

.+
).
/ '.)%(&

,.- / sin
$
'.)%(& / *)
'
%. Aearing of B Irom = / $,'%%*)=(+'
'
*. =o find the distance =P3 we note that =riangle P=B is a
right angled triangle3 and:
/.,=&' *)%% / $'
'
Gence: cos $'
'
=
./
).

=P / ).1os$'
'
/ )%.&Em
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58%5
$ = 8.5
117
0
B
A
/
7.25 7.25
x
56 &'
#7
33
10
33
68
68
75 cos 10 ( 73%$ &'
2
R
260
0
S
2
3
2
75 &'
112
0
cxcDirect Institute
Mector N matrices
a-
b-i
b ii-
,in-in.

#"
Mector #

" 4 shown dotted - is the vector going from point A

to point /! Imagine that you are at point A and you wish to get
to Coint A
Iirst go from A to 0 and then from 0 to /
#

" /
#

O
8 O

"
Fiven O

# = a and O

" =b
now if: O

# = a then #

O = a 4reverse the sign-

so

#" / a + b
/ b a
now: KC : CA / ( : $
so :

OP=
(
%
a and

P#=
$
%
a
,in-in.

PM
=o go from P to M : P to A then A to M
so : P

M /

P# 8

#M
but A; / ;A
therefore

#M /
$
(

#"
/
$
(
( ba)
and since:

P# /
$
%
a
then: P

M /
$
%
a
8
$
(
( ba)
/
$
%
a 8
$
(
b
$
(
a
/
(a+%b%a
+
/
%ba
+
so: P

M /
$
+
(%ba)
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B

O"

O#

#"
/
A
+ 4
B
/
A
+
4
P
5
B

O"

O#
/
A
+
4
P
5
2
B

O"
/
A
+
P
5
$
%
a
(
%
a
cxcDirect Institute
$%. c-
1ollinear means: Kn a straight line.
If the three points P1 M an- 2 are collinear then3 the two
vectors P

M and M

that connect these three points
will also be collinear.

=he proof that two vectors are collinear is that one vector must
be a constant 4 scalar- multiple of the other vector :
M

= * P

M
4 where E is a constant-
we have already found

PM /
$
+
(%ba)
so now we need to find

M
,in-in. M

=o go from ; to 2 : ; to / then / to 2
?o:

M /

M" 8

"
where

" / O

" / b
and

M" /
$
(

#" /
$
(
( ba)
so

M / b 8
$
(
( ba)
/ b 8
$
(
b
$
(
a
/
(b+ba
(

M /
$
(
( %ba)
now note that since:

PM /
$
+
(%ba)
and

M /
$
(
( %ba)
then :

M / %

PM
=his completes the proof that :
C 3 ; and N are on a stright line 4 collinear-
nb.
=he proof that three point are collinear 4on a straight line-3 is
the same as the proof that the two vectors connecting the points
are collinear.
Steps3
Iind the two vectors connecting the three points
?how that one vector is a constant multiple of the
other vector i.e

0
$
=*

0
(
cxcDirect Institute cxcDirect.org: ;ath club : $$

PM
/
B
A
P
b
(
%
a
$
%
a
5
b
2

M"
#M
cxcDirect Institute
=o find the length of

# :
Iinding

#
Now:

# /

#O 8

O
where

O / (b
and

O# / a

#O / a
so

# / a +(b
now given : a /

+
(

and b /

$
(

# / 7

+
(

8 (

$
(

/
(
+
(
)
8
(
(
*
)
/

*
(

>ength /
*
(
(
(
/ *.*)
# $*: ;atrices
/
(
1 /

( '
. $

* $
% )

/

( '
. $

( '
. $

* $
% )

* '
. $

* $
% )

/

, $
( ,

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
%# c i 4a5
If H is a ( x ( transformation matrix 1 which represents an
enlargement with scale factor 6 3 then this may be written as:
G /
(
* '
' *
)
If the point D4.3 $(- 4)..3 $,-
=his means that under the transformation 4G - 3 the
point D4(3.- maps onto its image point at D@ 4)..3 $,-.
=his is written in the column matrix format as :
&
(
* '
' *
)
$
(
.
$(
)
/
$!

)..
$,

. E / )..
and $( E / $,
Irom the first e9uation : E /
)..
.
/ $..
Note also that we will get the same result for 6 if we use the
second e9uation:
Gence: E / $..
$* c i 4b-
?imilarly3 under the transformation 4G- 3 the image points E@
and I@ 3 are determined as shown below:

&
(
$.. '
' $..
)
2 3
(
( ,
) *
)
/
2 ! 3 !
(
% $(
$'.. +
)
coordinates of E7 / 4%3 $'..-
coordinates of ,7 / 4$(3 +-
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PM
/
B
A
P
b
(
%
a
$
%
a
5
b
2
M
M"
#M

#
cxcDirect Institute
%# c ii 4a5
,in-in. a 2 x 2 trans*or$ation $atrix
=o Iind a ( x ( transformation matrix that represents a
clocEwise rotation of &'
'
about the origin:
1onsider the KbDect KC# above with coordinates C4$3 '- and
# 4'3 $-
Now if rotate this triangle through &'
'
in a clocEwise
direction about the origin. !e note from the graph that
P$3' P ! '3$
and )'3 $ ) ! $3 '
=he means that the obDect point P4 %1 05 maps unto its image
P7401 8%5 3 and the obDect point Q4 01 %5 maps unto its
corresponding image point Q74 %1 05
Kur tasE is now to find a 2 x 2 $atrix 3 that will produce the
exact result that we obtained graphically above. If we define
this transformation matrix as 93 then under this
transformation3 obDect points P4 %1 05 and Q4 01 %5 must
map unto their corresponding image points at P7401 8%5 3 and
Q74 %1 05
?o : let B /

a b
c d

4 transformation matrix-
where a3 b3 c and d are unEnowns
then:
,
(
a b
c d
)
P )
(
$ '
' $
)
/
P ! )!

' $
$ '

!e can now solve for the the unEnowns a3 b3 c3 and d

a$+b' / ' .. so a / '
a'+b$ / $ .. so b / $
c$+d' / 7$ .. so c / 7$
c'+d $ / ' .. so b / '
Fiving: B /
(
' $
$ '
)
=his result can be obtained faster if we observe that
since
P )
(
$ '
' $
)
is the identitiy ;atrix 4 I -
then:
,
(
a b
c d
)
P )
(
$ '
' $
)
/
,
(
a b
c d
)
Gence:
,
(
a b
c d
)
/
P ! )!

' $
$ '

Fiving: B /
(
' $
$ '
)
4 see matrix transformation worEbooE at www.cxcDirect.org for
tutorial-
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1
0
1
x
Q( 0, 1 )
P(1, 0)

0
1
x
Q! ( 1, 0)

P! ( 0 , "1)
"1
cxcDirect Institute
%# c ii 4)5
Lnder the transformation 93
=he image of D71 E7 ,7 is DQ3 EQ3 IQ :
=hat is:
,
(
' $
$ '
)
$! 2 ! 3 !
(
).. % $(
$, $'.. +
)
/
$! ! 2 ! ! 3 ! !
(
('x)..+$x$,) ('x%+$x$'..) ('x$(+$x+)
($x)..+'x$,) ($x%+'x$'..) ($x$(+'x+)
)
/
$! ! 2 ! ! 3 ! !
(
$, $'.. +
).. % $(
)
so3
coordinates of D@@ / 4 $,3 7).. -
coordinates of E@@ / 4 $'..3 7% -
coordinates of I@@ / 4 +3 7$( -
$* c ii 4c-
If the symbol H is used to represent the Enlargement3 and 9
used to represent the rotation3 then two successive
transformations3 H first3 followed 9 will map the obDect
points DEI onto its image at DQ EQ IQ .
=he ( x ( matrix that represent the combined transformation3 H
first then 9 is:
R B S R G S /
(
' $
$ '
)(
$.. '
' $..
)
/
(
' $..
$.. '
)
END
nb:
Notes on combined transformations:
If H and 9 represent two separate transformations
=hen the combined transformation that represents H first3
followed by 9 is writtens as : RBSRGS
And the combined transformation that represents 9 first3
followed by H is writtens as : RGSRBS
Note carefully that: RGSRBS RBSRGS
Kne way to remember the correct order3 is to view the two
matrices as functions3 and recall that fg( x) means
function g (first- followed by function f .
so ,&( ) H first then 9
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