Section A

Question Explanation Mark Σ Mark

No.
1 (a)
(i) Pure metal : Substance X 1

Alloy : Substance Y 1

(ii) - Pure metal has atoms/element of the same size /

same type which are orderly arranged . 1
Reject: particles / substances
1
-Alloy has foreign atoms / two different atoms /
different type of atoms / elements 1
R: two different type of metals

Substance Y.
(iii) 1
The foreign atoms disrupt/disturbed the orderly
arrangement of the metal atoms and reduce the
layers of metal atoms from sliding over each other.
1
Polymers are large molecules/long chains made
up of identical repeating units called monomers
which are joined together by covalent bonds.
(b) (i)

H H 1
Name of monomer: monochloroethene
(ii)
H C C Cl

To make drain pipes/ artificial leather/water-proof

1 10
clothes/shoes /bags //as insulator for electric
wiring
(iii)

1
Question Explanation Mark Σ Mark
No.
2(a) (i) Melting BOILING? 1

(ii) Molecule 1

(b) The heat energy absorbed by the particles is used 1

to overcome the forces of attraction between the
naphthalene molecules / particles. 1

(c) The particles move faster 1

(d) (i) X : electron a: shell Y : nucleus 1

(ii) Electron 1

(e) (i) W and X 1

(ii) Has different number of neutrons but same

number of protons // has different nucleon number 1+1 10
but same proton number

Question Explanation Mark Σ Mark

No.
3 (a) (i) Solution I // I 1

(ii) Number of mole = M x V = 25 x 0.01 = 0.00025

1000 1000
= 0.00025 // 2.5 x 10-4 mol 1

Number of H+ = 0.00025 x 6.02 x 1023

= 1.5 x 1020 ions 1

(iii) Universal indicator // pH paper // pH meter. 1

(b) (i) Number of mole of NaOH = 25 x 0.1

1000
= 0.0025 mol 1

2
(ii) HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O 1

From the equation,

1 mol of NaOH react with 1 mol of HCl

0.0025 mol of NaOH react with 0.0025 mol of HCl// 1

No. of mole of HCl = 0.0025 mol

Volume of HCl = 0.0025 x 1000

0.1
1
3
= 25 cm

(iii) Correct diagram of apparatus set-up.

Correct label.

Hydrochloric acid / HCl//

Solution I

Sodium hydroxide / NaOH

2 10
solution

3
Question Explanation Mark Σ Mark
No.
4 (a) Electrical to chemical energy 1

(b) Na+, Cl-, H+, OH- 1

R: NaCl  Na+ + Cl- , H2O  H+ + OH- 1

(c) (i) Oxygen 1

(ii) Insert/Place/Put/Bring the glowing wooden 1

splinter into the test tube.
The glowing wooden splinter will rekindles //
Gas will light up the glowing wooden splinter.
(If others test of gas given, not accepted) 1

(d) (i) Chlorine gas 1

1
(ii) - The concentration of chloride ions/Cl- is higher
- Chloride ions / Cl- is selectively discharged 1

(iii) 2Cl-  Cl2 + 2e 1 10

(e) Platinum [ (1-1) = 0 WCR graphite ]

4
Question Explanation Mark Σ Mark
No.

5(a) Boiling points / oC

(i)

Number of carbon atoms per molecule

1. Y axis with boiling point as label and OC as 1

unit , X axis with number of carbon atom
per molecule as label.
2. Suitable and consistent scale 1
3. Smooth line with 6 points transferred
correctly 1

(ii) The size of alkane molecules increases. // 1

The forces of attraction between alkane
molecules becomes stronger. / 1
More energy is needed to overcome the
stronger forces of attraction between 1
molecules.

(iii) Liquid 1

(b) Correct structural formulae

Correct names of the two isomers

H H H
H

H C C C C H 1

H H H
H

Butane / n-Butane 1

5
 H

H C H
1
H H

H C C C H

H H H

2-methylpropane 1 10

Question Explanation Mark Σ Mark

No.
6 (a) Chlorine water / Acidified Potassium
Manganate (VII) solution / Acidified
Potassium dichromate (VI) solution. 1

(b) Cooking oil has no free moving ions / is a

covalent compound / contain molecular only 1

(c) (i) green to brown 1

(ii) Oxidation reaction is a reaction where iron

(II) ions release one electron to become iron
(III) ions. // Oxidation is loss of electrons. 1

(iii) Sodium hydroxide solution / / potassium

hexacyanoferate (II)/(III) solution / potassium
thiocyanate solution. 1

(d) (i) Zinc sulphate, 1

(ii) Zn + CuSO4  ZnSO4 + Cu 1

(iii) +2 to 0 1

(iv) 25 × 0.2
No. of mole of CuSO4 = = 0.005 mol 1
1000
10

6
 (v) mass of ZnSO4=0.005 x 161=0.8 g//0.805 g 1

Section B

Question Explanation Mark ∑Mark

No.
7 (a)
(i) - To allow the oxygen / air to enter the crucible 1

- for the complete combustion of magnesium 1 2

Element Magnesium, Oxygen, O

(ii)
Mg
Mass(g) 30.64 – 28.24 = 32.24 – 30.64 2
2.4 = 1.6
Number of 2.4 1.6
moles of 24 = 0.1 16 = 0.1 1
atom
Simplest ratio 1 1 1
of moles
Empirical MgO 1 5
formula

(b)(i) Criteria Diagram 7.1 Diagram 7.2

It involves heating It involves 1
Similarity heating
The reaction is The reaction is
between a gas between a gas 1
and a solid and a solid
Metal oxide is Metal is formed
formed 1
Metal is reacted Metal oxide is
Difference with oxygen gas reacted with 1
hydrogen gas
The mass of the The mass of the 1 Max.4
solid increases solid decreases

7
(ii) - Dilute hydrochloric acid // or any dilute acid 1 2

- Zinc // or any reactive metal 1

1

(iii) 2HCl + Zn  ZnCl2 + H2 1

(iv) Precaution Explanation

Dry hydrogen gas is A mixture of hydrogen
passed through the and air can cause an
combustion tube for a explosion when lighted.
few minutes / 2
throughout the
experiment to remove
all the air in the tube.
During cooling, the flow To ensure the oxygen
of hydrogen is from the air does not
continued. oxidise the hot copper 2
to copper(II) oxide.
The heating, cooling To ensure that all of the
and weighing copper(II) oxide has
processes are repeated been reduced into 2
until a constant mass is copper.
obtained. Max.6
The combustion tube To prevent the water
must be slanted slightly formed during the 2
towards the tiny hole. reaction from flowing
towards the hot
porcelain dish.
Total marks 20

8
Question Explanation Mark ∑Mark
No
8 (a)
(i) Lead(II) chloride // Silver chloride // Mercury 1 1
chloride

(ii) Chemicals needed: Lead(II) nitrate and sodium

chloride // any suitable answer 2

Name of reaction: precipitation reaction // double

decomposition reaction 1 3

(b) Black powder X: Copper(II) oxide 1

Blue solution Y: Copper(II) chloride 1

Cation: Copper(II) ion // Cu2+ 1

Anion: Chloride ion // Cl- 1 4

(c)(i) Number of moles of lead(II) ions, Pb2+

= number of moles of lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2

= 1.0 x 5 1
1000
= 0.005 mol 1

Number of moles of chromate(VI) ions, CrO42-

= number of moles of potassium chromate(VI),

K2CrO4

= 1.0 x 5 1
1000
= 0.005 mol 1 4

(ii) 1 mol of chromate(VI) ions, CrO42- reacted 1

completely with 1 mol of lead(II) ions, Pb2+.

The ionic equation for the reaction is:

Pb2+ + CrO42- PbCrO4 1 2

9
(iii) • - The height of precipitate formed increases
for the first 4 test tubes because as the
volume of potassium chromate(VI) increases,
more lead(II) chromate(VI) is formed 1
- The height of precipitate formed becomes
constant when all Pb2+ have reacted
completely. 1

• - colourless to yellow
- Presence of chromate(VI) ions give the 1
yellow colour to the solution // Chromate(VI)
ions in the first 5 test tubes are all reacted //
In the last 3 test tubes, chromate(VI) ions are 1
in excess 6

• -To ensure the height of precipitate

represents the amount of precipitate formed 1
- because diameter of the test tubes are the
same 1

Total marks 20

10
 Section C

Questio Explanation Mar ∑Mar

n k k
No
9 (a)
Compound Molecule formed
formed between between Z and Y
X and Y
Types of Ionic bond is Covalent bond is
(i) chemical formed because formed because
bonds X atom donates Z and Y atoms
electrons and Y share the
atom receives electrons to
electrons to achieve stable
achieve stable electron
electron arrangement // 2
arrangement // Y and Z are non-
X is metal and Y metal
is non-metal
(ii)
Boiling High because a Low because 2 4
point and lot of energy less energy is
melting needed to needed to
point overcome the overcome the
strong weak forces of
electrostatic attraction
forces between between
ions molecules

(b) 1
Correct electron arrangement of 2 ions 1
Correct charges and nuclei are shown
2+ 2-
XX X X XX X X

X X
X X X X X X X X

X X X X
X X X X

X X X X

XX
X X XX
X X

X2+ Y2-

11
 - X atom with an electron arrangement of 2.8.2
donates 2 valence electrons to achieve the stable 1
octet electron arrangement, 2.8. X2+ ion is formed //
X X2+ + 2e-
- Y atom with an electron arrangement of 2.6 accept 2
electrons to achieve the stable octet electron 1
arrangement, 2.8. Y2- ion is formed // Y + 2e-
Y2-
- The oppositely-charged ions, X2+ and Y2- are 1
attracted to each other by a strong electrostatic
force. 1 6
- An ionic compound XY is formed

1
(c)
Battery 1
+ − 1

з Bulb 1
+ −
1
Carbon Carbon
(Anode) 1
(Cathode)
1
Crucible P / naphthalene
1

Clay pipe triangle 1

1 10
Bunsen
Tripod stand burner

1. A crucible is filled with solid P until it is half full.

2. Two carbon electrodes are dipped in the solid P and
connected to the batteries.
3. Switch is turned on and observation is recorded.
4. The solid P is then heated until it melts completely.
5. The switch is turned on again and observation is
recorded.
6. Steps 1 to 5 are repeated using solid Q to replace solid
P.
7. Observations:
Compound Observation
P P does not light up the bulb in

12
 both solid and molten states.
Q lights up the bulb in molten
state only.

P does not light up the bulb in both solid and molten

states.
Q lights up the bulb in molten state only.

P: naphthalene // any suitable answer

Q: lead(II) bromide // any suitable answer

Question Explanation Mark Σ Mark

No.
10 (a) CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O 1

RMM of methane, CH4 = 12 + 4 = 16 1

16 g of methane releases 898 kJ heat

No. of mol CH4 = 1 / 16 = 0.0625 mol

Thus
1 g of methane releases = 898 x 1 /16 kJ g-1 1

= 56.125 kJ g-1 1 4
(Correct answer and unit)

(b) Item Diagram 10.1 Diagram 10.2

13
 Temperatur Increase Decrease 2
e
Total Energy A and B / R and S /
content reactants products have 2
have higher higher energy
energy content than its
content than reactants /
its products / (P and Q)
(C and D) 2 6
Heat Released Absorbed

(c)
Plotted graph
1
1. correct axis and labelled 1
2. all 4 points/values transferred correctly 1
3. straight line graph 1 4
4. Consistent scale -1
Heat of combustion of alcohols (kJ mol )

Number of carbon atoms

Heat of combustion increases from

1

14
methanol → ethanol → propanol → butan-1-ol//

methanol, ethanol, propanol, butan-1-ol

Heat of combustion increases

because : 1
1. Number of carbon atom per molecule / mole
increases from methanol to butanol.

2. Number of hydrogen atoms per molecule / 1

mole increases from methanol to butanol.

3. More carbon dioxide / CO2 and water / H2O 1

molecules are formed.

4. More covalent bonds are formed in the 1

products.
5. More heat is given out. 1 6

Total marks 20

END OF MARKING SCHEME

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