Arbitrase Privat

Pengertian
Jean Robert
Arbitration means instituting a private jurisdiction by which litigations are
withdrawn from the public jurisdictions in order to be resolved by individuals
vested, for given case, with the powers to judge such litigations.
Abdul Kadir, dkk
Arbitration is the voluntary submission of a dispute to a person qualified to settle
it, with an agreement that the arbitrators decision shall be final and binding.
Chappel
Arbitration is a simple proceeding voluntarily chosen by parties who want a
dispute determined by an impartial judge of their own mutual selection, whose
decision, based on the merits of the case, they agree in advance to accept as
final and binding.
Kelebihan
Proses berperkara lebih singkat
Biaya lebih murah
Hakim/arbitrator yang lebih kompeten
Putusan bersifat final & mengikat
Kebebasan pihak untuk menentukan arbitrator, hukum acara &
hukum yang berlaku
Tidak ada kewajiban mempublikasikan proses perkara &
putusan
Kelemahan
Sulit mencapai suatu kesepakatan
Pengakuan & pelaksanaan putusan masih sulit
Tidak mengenal asas preseden hukum ~ Conflicting decision
Perbedaan sistem hukum mempengaruhi konsep arbitrase
an arbitration is as good as arbitrators
an arbitration is worth what the arbitrator is worth
Proses berperkara dapat berlangsung lama & biaya sangat besar
ICSID
ICSID is an international institution established under the
Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between
States and Nationals of Other States (the ICSID or the
Washington Convention).
To provide facilities for conciliation and arbitration of
international investment disputes.
Specialized international methods for investment dispute
settlement.
Providing facilities for the resolution of legal disputes between
eligible parties, through conciliation or arbitration procedures.
Sejarah Pembentukan ICSID
LBB
The Protocol on Arbitration
Clauses
The Convention on The
Execution of Foreign Arbitral
Awards
ICC
ECOSOC
Convention on The Recognition
and Enforcement of Foreign
Arbitral Awards
1923
1927
1953
1958
Konvensi New York
1958
Tindakan nasionalisasi
perusahaan-perusahaan
asing oleh negara bekas
jajahannya
Convention on The
Settlement of Investment
Dispute and National of
Others State 1965
Bank Dunia
Prancis vs. Tunisia
Belanda vs. Indonesia
Penyelesaian sengketa
antar investor dengan
negara tuan rumah
ICSID
Organizational Structure
Administrative Council
governing body of ICSID
comprised of one representative of each of the ICSID Contracting States
the adoption of regulations and rules for the institution and conduct of ICSID proceedings, the
adoption of the ICSID budget, and the approval of the annual report on the operation of ICSID.
Secretariat
The Secretariat consists of a Secretary-General, a Deputy Secretary-General and staff.
The Deputy Secretary-General ~ responsible for the day to day operation of the Secretariat and acts
for the Secretary-General in the event of his/her absence or inability to exercise duties and during any
vacancy in the office of Secretary-General.
Principal functions of the Secretariat include providing institutional support for the initiation and
conduct of ICSID proceedings; assistance in the constitution of conciliation commissions, arbitral
tribunals and ad hoc committees and supporting their operations; and administering the proceedings
and finances of each case.
Dispute Settlement Facilities
ICSID provides the institutional and procedural
framework for independent conciliation
commissions and arbitral tribunals constituted in
each case to resolve the dispute.
ICSID has two sets of procedural rules :
1. The ICSID Convention Regulations and Rules
2. The ICSID Additional Facility Rules
ICSID Convention, Regulation
and Rules
Basic procedural framework for conciliation and arbitration of investment disputes
arising between member countries and investors that qualify as nationals of other
member countries.
Based on a treaty establishing an autonomous and self-contained system for the
institution, conduct and conclusion of such proceedings.
Entirely voluntary, but once the parties have given their consent, neither may
unilaterally withdraw it.
An arbitral award rendered pursuant to the Convention may not be set aside by the
courts of any Contracting State, and is only subject to the post-award remedies
provided for in the Convention.
All Contracting States, whether or not parties to the dispute, recognize and enforce
ICSID Convention arbitral awards.
ICSID Additional Facilities
Additional Facility Rules authorizing the ICSID Secretariat to administer
certain types of proceedings between States and foreign nationals which
fall outside the scope of the Convention.
These include :
Conciliation and arbitration proceedings for the settlement of disputes
arising directly out of an investment where either the State party or the
home State of the foreign national is not an ICSID Contracting State.
Conciliation and arbitration proceedings between parties at least one of
which is a Contracting State or a national of a Contracting State for the
settlement of disputes that do not directly arise out of an investment.
Fact-finding proceedings.
Jurisdiction
The dispute must be between an ICSID
Contracting State and an individual or company
that qualifies as a national of another ICSID
Contracting State
The dispute must qualify as a legal dispute arising
directly out of an investment.
The disputing parties must have consented in writing
to the submission of their dispute to ICSID arbitration
or conciliation.
Yurisdiksi ~ Batas-batas wewenang badan arbitrase ICSID
dalam menyelesaikan sengketa
Pasal 25 Konvensi Washington





ICSID tidak memiliki wewenang mengadili sengketa antara
negara atau individu
1.Kata sepakat, secara tertulis yang menunjuk ICSID sebagai badan
arbitrase yang akan menyelesaikan sengketa
2.Yurisdiksi ratione materiae : terbatas pada sengketa hukum saja
3.Yurisdiksi ratione personae : wewenang mengadili sengketa antar
negara dan warga negara asing yang negaranya juga merupakan
anggota/peserta Konvensi Washington
Arbitration Clause
ICSID
The parties here to consent to submit to the
international centre for settlement of investment
disputes any disputes in relation to or arising
out of this agreement for settlement by
arbitration pursuant to the convention on the
settlement of investment disputes between
states and national of other states
Pelaksanaan Keputusan
Konvensi New York 1958
Pensyaratan resiprositas
Negara akan menerapkan ketentuan Konvensi apabila
keputusan arbitrase tersebut dibuat di negara yang juga
anggota Konvensi New York
Pensyaratan komersial
Negara yang telah meratifikasi Konvensi New York hanya
akan menerapkan ketentuan Konvensi terhadap sengketa-
sengketa komersial menurut hukum nasionalnya
Konvensi Washington (ICSID)
Recognition and enforcement of the Award
Article 53
the award shall binding on the parties....
Article 54 (1)
Final judgment of national court
Article 54 (2)
Competent court or other authority
Indonesia
Pelaksanaan Konvensi New York
Keputusan Presiden No 34 tahun 1981
Apakah dibutuhkan peraturan pelaksanaan agar keputusan
badan arbitrase internasional dapat dilaksanakan di
Indonesia?
Keputusan arbitrase tersebut harus di hormati dan
dilaksanakan
Peran pemerintah dibutuhkan agar keputusan tersebut
dilaksanakan
Para pihak dalam klausul arbitrase ~ pacta sunt servanda
Peraturan MA No 1 Tahun 1990 Tentang Tata
Cara Pelaksanaan Putusan Arbitrase Asing
Peraturan pelaksanaan Keppres No 34 Tahun
1981
Badan peradilan mana yang berwenang
menangani masalah-masalah pelaksanaan
putusan arbitrase asing?
~ Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat
Konvensi ICSID ~ UU No. 5 Tahun 1968
tentang Penyelesaian Perselisihan Antara
Negara Dengan WNA Mengenai Penanaman
Modal.
Pasal 2 : hak substitusi
Pasal 3 : untuk melaksanakan putusan
arbitrase ICSID di Indonesia diperlukan
pernyataan MA
Undang-undang No 30 Tahun 1999 Tentang Arbitrase dan
Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa
Kewenangan mengenai masalah pengakuan dan
pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase internasional adalah
Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat (Pasal 65)
Syarat-syarat dilaksanaannya Putusan Arbitrase
Internasional di Indonesia (pasal 66)
Pembatalan Putusan Arbitrase (pasal 70)
Putusan arbitrase yang sudah didaftarkan di pengadilan
Alasan pembatalan dibuktikan melalui putusan pengadilan