[student@localhost ~]$ id

uid=500(student) gid=500(student) groups=500(student)

[student@localhost ~]$ date
Tue Mar 25 13:32:33 EST 2014

student@localhost ~]$ cal 4 2014
April 2014
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30

[student@localhost ~]$ cal -y
2014

January February March
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 1 1
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
April May June
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
27 28 29 30 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30

July August September
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30
31
October November December
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 28 29 30 31
30

[student@localhost ~]$ hostname
localhost

[student@localhost ~]$ uname
Linux

[student@localhost ~]$ uname -a
Linux localhost 2.6.24 #9 SMP Mon Sep 1 06:50:39 WIT 2008 i686 AMD Athlon(tm) 64 X2 Dual
Core Processor 5000+ unknown GNU/Linux

[student@localhost ~]$ man ls
S(1) User Commands LS(1)

NAME
ls - list directory contents

SYNOPSIS
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options
too.

-a, --all
do not hide entries starting with .

-A, --almost-all
do not list implied . and ..

--author
print the author of each file
lines 1-25/218 9%

[student@localhost ~]$ man man
man(1) man(1)

NAME
man - format and display the on-line manual pages
manpath - determine user's search path for man pages

SYNOPSIS
man [-acdfFhkKtwW] [--path] [-m system] [-p string] [-C config_file]
[-M pathlist] [-P pager] [-S section_list] [section] name ...

DESCRIPTION
man formats and displays the on-line manual pages. If you specify sec-
tion, man only looks in that section of the manual. name is normally
the name of the manual page, which is typically the name of a command,
function, or file. However, if name contains a slash (/) then man
interprets it as a file specification, so that you can do man ./foo.5
or even man /cd/foo/bar.1.gz.

See below for a description of where man looks for the manual page
files.

OPTIONS
-C config_file

[student@localhost ~]$ man -k file
djpeg (1) - decompress a JPEG file to an image file
docbook2dvi [jw] (1) - (Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats
docbook2html [jw] (1) - (Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats
docbook2man [jw] (1) - (Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats
docbook2pdf [jw] (1) - (Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats
docbook2ps [jw] (1) - (Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats
docbook2rtf [jw] (1) - (Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats
docbook2tex [jw] (1) - (Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats
docbook2texi [jw] (1) - (Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats
docbook2txt [jw] (1) - (Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats
dosfsck (8) - check and repair MS-DOS file systems
dprintf (3) - print to a file descriptor
dprofpp (1) - display perl profile data
du (1) - estimate file space usage
dumpe2fs (8) - dump ext2/ext3 filesystem information

[student@localhost ~]$ man 5 passwd
PASSWD(5) Linux Programmer's Manual PASSWD(5)

NAME
passwd - password file

DESCRIPTION
Passwd is a text file, that contains a list of the system's accounts,
giving for each account some useful information like user ID, group ID,
home directory, shell, etc. Often, it also contains the encrypted
passwords for each account. It should have general read permission
(many utilities, like ls(1) use it to map user IDs to user names), but
write access only for the superuser.

In the good old days there was no great problem with this general read
permission. Everybody could read the encrypted passwords, but the
hardware was too slow to crack a well-chosen password, and moreover,
the basic assumption used to be that of a friendly user-community.
These days many people run some version of the shadow password suite,
where /etc/passwd has *'s instead of encrypted passwords, and the
encrypted passwords are in /etc/shadow which is readable by the supe-
ruser only.

[student@localhost ~]$ clear
Membersihkan layar pada shell

[student@localhost ~]$ apropos date
APR::Date (3pm) - Perl API for APR date manipulating functions
Date::Format (3pm) - Date formating subroutines
Date::Parse (3pm) - Parse date strings into time values
EVP_CipherUpdate [EVP_EncryptInit] (3) - EVP cipher routines
EVP_DecryptUpdate [EVP_EncryptInit] (3) - EVP cipher routines
EVP_DigestUpdate [EVP_DigestInit] (3) - EVP digest routines
EVP_EncryptUpdate [EVP_EncryptInit] (3) - EVP cipher routines
EVP_OpenUpdate [EVP_OpenInit] (3) - EVP envelope decryption
EVP_SealUpdate [EVP_SealInit] (3) - EVP envelope encryption
EVP_SignUpdate [EVP_SignInit] (3) - EVP signing functions

[student@localhost ~]$ apropos mail
Mail::Address (3pm) - Parse mail addresses
Mail::Cap (3pm) - Parse mailcap files
Mail::Field (3pm) - Base class for manipulation of mail header fields
Mail::Field::AddrList (3pm) - object representation of e-mail address lists
Mail::Filter (3pm) - Filter mail through multiple subroutines
Mail::Header (3pm) - manipulate mail RFC822 compliant headers
Mail::Internet (3pm) - manipulate Internet format (RFC 822) mail messages
Mail::Mailer (3pm) - Simple interface to electronic mailing mechanisms
Mail::Send (3pm) - Simple electronic mail interface
Mail::Util (3pm) - mail utility functions
Net::SMTP (3pm) - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
SOAP::Transport::MAILTO (3pm) - Client side SMTP/sendmail support for SOAP::Lite

[student@localhost ~]$ apropos telnet
telnet (1) - user interface to the TELNET protocol

[student@localhost ~]$ whatis date
Date::Format (3pm) - Date formating subroutines
Date::Parse (3pm) - Parse date strings into time values
date (1) - print or set the system date and time
[student@localhost ~]$ ls
Desktop/ Documents/ Download/ Music/ Pictures/ tmp/ Video/

[student@localhost ~]$ ls -l
total 0
drwx------ 2 student student 208 Mar 25 13:04 Desktop/
drwxrwxr-x 2 student student 80 Mar 25 13:04 Documents/
drwxrwxr-x 2 student student 80 Mar 25 13:04 Download/
drwxrwxr-x 2 student student 80 Mar 25 13:04 Music/
drwxrwxr-x 2 student student 80 Mar 25 13:04 Pictures/
drwx------ 6 student student 176 Mar 25 13:27 tmp/
drwxrwxr-x 2 student student 80 Mar 25 13:04 Video/

[student@localhost ~]$ ls -a
./ .fonts.cache-1 .MdkOnline/
../ .gconf/ Music/
.bash_history .gconfd/ .openoffice.org2/
.bash_logout .gnome2/ Pictures/
.bash_profile .gnome2_private/ .qt/
.bashrc .gtk-bookmarks .screenrc
.DCOPserver_localhost__0 .ICEauthority tmp/
.DCOPserver_localhost_:0@ .kde/ Video/
Desktop/ .local/ .Xauthority
.dmrc .mcop/ .xsession-errors
Documents/ .mcoprc
Download/ .mdk-folders/

[student@localhost ~]$ ls -f
./ Music/ .ICEauthority .screenrc
../ Video/ Desktop/ .bash_profile
.qt/ .bashrc .bash_history .MdkOnline/
tmp/ .gnome2_private/ .openoffice.org2/ Download/
.kde/ .gconfd/ .Xauthority .xsession-errors
Documents/ .gnome2/ .DCOPserver_localhost_:0@ .mdk-folders/
Pictures/ .mcoprc .DCOPserver_localhost__0 .fonts.cache-1
.dmrc .bash_logout .gconf/
.mcop/ .gtk-bookmarks .local/

[student@localhost ~]$ ls/usr
bash: ls/usr: No such file or directory

[student@localhost ~]$ ls /
bin/ dev/ home/ lib/ opt/ root/ sys/ usr/ ysr/
boot/ etc/ initrd/ mnt/ proc/ sbin/ tmp/ var/

[student@localhost ~]$ file
Usage: file [-bcikLnNsvz] [-f namefile] [-F separator] [-m magicfiles] file...
file -C -m magicfiles
Try `file --help' for more information.

[student@localhost ~]$ file *
Desktop: directory
Documents: directory
Download: directory
Music: directory
Pictures: directory
tmp: directory
Video: directory

[student@localhost ~]$ file /bin/ls
/bin/ls: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), for GNU/Linux 2.2.5, dynamically
linked (uses shared libs), stripped

[student@localhost ~]$ cp/etc/group f1
bash: cp/etc/group: No such file or directory

[student@localhost ~]$ ls -i
150329 Desktop/ 150202 Download/ 150206 Music/ 146991 tmp/
150197 Documents/ 150566 f1 150210 Pictures/ 150214 Video/

[student@localhost ~]$ cp -i f1 f2
cp: overwrite `f2'?

[student@localhost ~]$ mkdir backup
mkdir: cannot create directory `backup': File exists

[student@localhost ~]$ cp f1 f3
cp: overwrite `f3'? cp f1 f2 f3 backup

[student@localhost ~]$ is backup
bash: is: command not found

[student@localhost backup]$ is
bash: is: command not found

student@localhost backup]$ cat f1
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
daemon:x:2:messagebus
sys:x:3:
adm:x:4:
tty:x:5:
disk:x:6:
lp:x:7:
mem:x:8:
kmem:x:9:

student@localhost ~]$more f1
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
daemon:x:2:messagebus
sys:x:3:
adm:x:4:
tty:x:5:
disk:x:6:
lp:x:7:
mem:x:8:
kmem:x:9:
wheel:x:10:
mail:x:12:
news:x:13:
uucp:x:14:
man:x:15:
floppy:x:19:
games:x:2
[student@localhost ~]$ pg f1
bash: pg: command not found
[student@localhost ~]$ mv f1 prog.txt
[student@localhost ~]$ is
bash: is: command not found
[student@localhost ~]$ mkdir mydir
[student@localhost ~]$ mv f1f2 f3 mdir
mv: when moving multiple files, last argument must be a directory
Try `mv --help' for more information.