FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
AND STRUCTURALENGINEERING
Ir. Dr. Riza Atiq Abdullah O.K. Rahmat


TASK 4
VIDEO SENSORS
DONE BY
MOHANAD JAAFAR TALIB P71085



A smart camera or intelligent camera is a vision system
which, in addition to image capture circuitry, is capable of
extracting application-specific information from the captured
images, along with generating event descriptions or making
decisions that are used in an intelligent and automated system. A
smart camera is a self-contained, standalone vision system with
built-in image sensor in the housing of an industrial video camera.
It contains all necessary communication interfaces, e.g. Ethernet,
as well as industry-proof 24V I/O lines for connection to
a programmable logic controller, actuators, relays or pneumatic
valves. It is not necessarily larger than an industrial or surveillance
camera. A capability in machine vision generally means a degree of
development such that these capabilities are ready for use on
individual applications. This architecture has the advantage of a
more compact volume compared to PC-based vision systems and
often achieves lower cost, at the expense of a somewhat simpler
(or omitted)user interface
Intelligent visual surveillance systems deal with the real-time
monitoring of persistent and transient objects within a specific
environment. The primary aims of these systems are to provide an
automatic interpretation of scenes and to understand and predict the
actions and interactions of the observed objects based on the
information acquired by sensors. Smart Cameras are becoming more
popular in Intelligent Surveillance Systems area. Smart cameras are
cameras that can perform tasks far beyond simply taking photos and
recording videos. Thanks to the purposely built-in intelligent image
processing and pattern Recognition algorithms, smart cameras
can detect motion, measure objects, read vehicle number plates, and
even recognize human behaviors.
The important differences between a smart camera and normal
cameras, such as consumer digital cameras and camcorders, lie in two
aspects. The first is in camera system architecture. A smart camera
usually has a special image processing unit containing one or more high
performance microprocessors to run intelligent ASIPalgorithms, in
which the primary objective is not to improve images quality but to
extract information and knowledge from images. The image processing
hardware in normal cameras is usually simpler and less powerful with
the main aim being to achieve good
visual image quality. The other
main difference is in the primary
camera output. A smart camera
outputs either the features extracted
from the captured images or a high-
level description of the scene, which
is fed into an automated control
system, while for normal cameras
the primary output is the processed
version of the captured images for
human consumption. For this
reason, normal video cameras have
large output bandwidth
requirements (in direct proportion to
the resolution of the image sensor
used), while smart camera can have
very low data bandwidth
requirements at the output (it can be
just one bit in the
simplest case, with
1 meaning there is
motion and 0 meaning there is no motion,.


Background
Closed circuit traffic monitoring was the prime means for collecting and
studying road traffic data through the mid to late 1990s, according to the
official government website for the city of Murfreesboro, US. CCTV
software included the connection of miles of optical cable and CCTV
cameras. The data captured by the cameras was then
transmitted back to a central server. Software and hardware tests includ
ed filming road traffic over set periods of time to assess traffic volume
and vehicle speeds. While CCTV units are still used today, efficiency
testing is often conducted to assess if cameras can obtain sewer drainage
breakdowns and identifying broken intersection lights and signs. The
CCTV System enables the Central Control operator to monitor the
traffic flow along the expressway. This will help the operator to get an
overview of the situation. If there is an emergency or any major
congestion, the relevant authority can be immediately alerted.








CAMERA DESCRIPTION BENEFIT APPLICATION
AGD
Systems -
Traffic
Informati
on and
Measure
ment
Equipme
nt
*AGD offers a
comprehensive range of
detection products
covering a wide range
of applications in traffic
and pedestrian control.
The product range is
targeted at reducing the
costs of providing
efficient inputs to traffic
control and management
systems. The latest
advances in radar
technology offer real
time information on
vehicle count and speed,
occupancy and queues.
*AGD also manufactures
the most extensive range
of nearside signals for
Puffin, Toucan and Pega
sus crossing strategies. A
dedicated product
selector is available on our
website.
*New technology
*Field proven
accuracy and
reability
*Cost-effective
solution
*Flexible design
meets a variety of
detection and
surveillance
application
*Superior to
other detection
system
*Vehicle detector
*Junction control
*Traffic data
control
*Traveler
information
system
*Journey time(tra
vel time)
*Remote video
surveillance
system
Traficon Traficon detectors prov
idestandard traffic
data(volume, speed, ...)
whichcan be used for
Automatically ge
nerated alarms
warnthe operators
as soonas an
*traffic
dataacquisition

*automaticincident


statisticalpurposes.
*Automatic
incidentdetection
Fast detection of
stoppedvehicles or wrong-
way drivers speeds
upintervention and thus
saveslives.
*Flow monitoring
Congestion within
andthrough the
largemetropolitan areas
continuesto increase and
limitmobility.
Accurately monitoring the
average flowspeed helps to
distinguishdifferent levels
of service (e.g.fluid, dense,
congested,queue). Other
applicationsare queue
monitoring duringroad-
works and
calculatingtravel time
based on
flowinformation from
the VIPdetectors.


incident
takesplace and a
maximumof
information is
given:


type


severity


location


relevant
trafficdata


combination of
dataand images
facilitatesverificati
on of alarms.

Cost effectiveness


Technical efficie
ncy and reliability
detection

*intersectionvehicle
presencedetection

*ramp metering
*travel
timecalculation
*dynamic
speedindication
*queue
tailmonitoring
*congestionmonit
oring
*tunnel
accesscontrol
*ventilationcontrol
*rerouting
*VMS-control
*dynamic
queueindicationdur
ing roadworks
*dynamic
laneopening
orclosing
Samples of smart camera systems available:

Tattile offers a wide range of open products for the implementation of
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Speed and red-light
enforcement, automatic number-plate reading, free-flow tolling, access
control, traffic analysis and surveillance and data communication tasks
con be easily accomplished with our highly-integrated products
Here below an overview of our main products and solutions:

-
ANPR Solutions

All-in-one Automatic number plate
reader These models are all-in-one
ANPR-systems combining in a small
package several hardware components:
camera, infrared lights and analyzer
with built-in OCR (optical character
recognition) software to perform
automatic-plate reading.

A-VEGA ACCESS


Features
All-in-one Automatic Number Plate reader30 frames per second capture rate60
km/h Maximum vehicle speed Range up to 8 embedded analyzer
Ethernet/RS485/Digital I/OsRemote configuration and monitoring via web-
browser
Technical characteristics


Capture rate
(frames per
30
second)

Maximum
vehicle speed

60km/h
Color
context camera

-
Embedded
analyzer
+
Number-plate
reader camera
CCD sensor1280x960 @ 30 fps
IR illumination
3 high-power IR LEDs, 850 nm
Optics
C-mount lenses
Digital inputs
1 input optoisolated
Digital outputs
2 relay outputs
Ethernet
10/100 Mbps
Serial ports
RS485
Range / Width
Range: up to 8mWidth: up to 3.5m
Operating
temperature
-40 C to +55 C
Storage
temperature
-20 C to +65 C
Overall
dimensions
123 x 109 x 400 mm
IP degree
of protection


IP66
Power
consumption
24 VDC +/- 10%, 7 W
B- VEGA III
Features
All-in-one Automatic Number Plate reader 30 frames per second capture
rate150 km/h Maximum vehicle speed Range up to 25 embedded
analyzer Ethernet/RS485/Digital I/OsRemote configuration and
monitoring via web-browser
Typical applications :
Road traffic monitoring Automated Parking Access control & security

Technical characteristic
Capture rate (frames per second)


30
Maximum vehicle speed 150 KM/H
Color context camera -
Embedded analyzer +
Number-plate reader camera

CCD sensor1280x960 @ 30 fps
Color context camera -
IR illumination

6 high-power IR LEDs, 850nm
Optics C-mount lenses
Digital inputs 1 input optoisolated
Digital outputs 2 relay outputs
Ethernet
10/100 Mbps
Serial ports
RS485
Range / Width
Range: up to 25mWidth: up to 3.5m
Operating temperature
-40 C to +55 C
Storage temperature
-20 C to +65 C
Overall dimensions
144 x 135 x 470 mm
IP degree of protection
IP66
Power consumption
24 VDC +/- 10%, 7 W

Ethernet 10/100 Mbps
Serial ports RS485
Range / Width

Range: up to 25mWidth: up to 3.5m
Operating temperature -40 C to +55 C
Storage temperature -20 C to +65 C
Overall dimensions 144 x 135 x 470 mm
IP degree of protection IP66
Power consumption 24 VDC +/- 10%, 7 W


C-VEGA HD

Features
All-in-one Automatic Number Plate reader 75 frames per second capture
rate250 km/h Maximum vehicle speed Range from 12 to 25mEmbedded
analyzer Ethernet/RS485/Digital I/OsRemote configuration and
monitoring via web-browser
Typical applications :
free-flow tolling Road traffic monitoring

Technical characteristics

Capture rate (frames per
second)
75
Maximum vehicle speed 250 km/h
Color context camera -
Embedded analyzer +
Number-plate reader
camera
CMOS sensor2560x2048 @ 75 fps
Color context camera -
IR illumination

6 high-power IR LEDs, 850nm
Optics C-mount lenses
Digital inputs 1 input optoisolated
Digital outputs


1 relay output1 strobe output
Ethernet 10/100 Mbps
Serial ports RS485
Range / Width

Range: up to 25mWidth: up to 7.5m
Operating temperature -40 C to +55 C
Storage temperature -20 C to +65 C
Overall dimensions 144 x 135 x 470 mm
IP degree of protection IP66
Power consumption




VEGA 2HD

Features
All-in-one Automatic Number Plate reader Integrated color context
camera75 frames per second capture rate250 km/h Maximum vehicle
speed Range from 12 to 25mEmbedded analyzer Ethernet/RS485/Digital
I/Os Remote configuration and monitoring via web-browser

Typical applications :
free-flow tolling Road traffic monitoring

Technical characteristics


Capture rate (frames per
second)
75
Maximum vehicle speed 250 km/h
Color context camera +
Embedded analyzer +
Number-plate reader camera CMOS sensor2560x2048 @ 75 fps
Color context camera CMOS sensor2560x2048
IR illumination 6 high-power IR LEDs, 850nm
Optics C-mount lenses
Digital inputs 1 input optoisolated
Digital outputs 1 relay output1 strobe output
Ethernet 10/100 Mbps
Serial ports RS485
Range / Width Range: up to 25mWidth: up to 7.5m
Operating temperature -40 C to +55 C
Storage temperature -20 C to +65 C
Overall dimensions 144 x 135 x 470 mm
IP degree of protection IP66
Power consumption 24 VDC +/- 10%, 18 W




RIGEL

Features
Traffic Jam detection Stopped Vehicle Detection (AID)Wrong Way
Vehicle detection Smoke & Fire detection Vehicles Counting &
Classification Average Speed Evaluation Statistic Reports Obscuring
DetectionMPEG4 Multicast video steaming High Resolution JPEG
Event/Alarm
torageConnectivity: GigaEthernet, Fiber Optics, Power Line, Wireless a
nd Cellular Networks
Typical applications:
Embedded all-in-one traffic monitoring systems with on-board analysis

Red Light Enforcement
RED LIGHT 2L

Typical applications :
ANPR Light enforcement by image analysis

FEATURES
Traffic light either by image analysis or wired traffic light signals
All in One: monochrome and coloursensor, OCR on Board, IR illuminator Web
server configuration and setup Real time processing: up to 75 fpsEthernet,
digital I/O Waterproof IP66 housing with included bracket GPS integrated
External illumination for context images Two versions: single and double
lanes
Technical features


Camera 2560 x 2048 CMOS sensors
Grabbing up to 75 fps
Connection Ethernet, I / O digital, porta seriale
RS485
Dimensions 144x135x470 mm
Weight 5 kg
Models

VEGA 2HD F01447
Optional
Flash/LED external illuminator (on request)


Gatso Meter Speed Cameras

Gatso speed cameras use radar technology and as they can be used as
fixed speed cameras, fixed upon tripods, used inside moving police
vehicles and in-car mobile police units, they are extremely convenient
for local authorities and police forces across the UK. Because of this,
they account for 90% of our fixed speed cameras. Costing approximately
20,000 per camera - or 40,000 in rural locations due to the need for a
240v power supply, the fixed Gatso cameras can take up to 400 pictures
before the film runs out, and are rear-facing. They are designed this way
so that when the camera flashes at a speeding motorist, it doesn't blind
them and cause an accident. However this means that you often don't see
a Gatso camera until the very last minute- which makes sure that the
camera pays for itself relatively quickly. Often you'll find two
Gatoss pointing in opposite directions, to catch motorists traveling
either way. Annoyingly, they are clever little machines which can
distinguish between different sizes of vehicles and can also enforce
separate speeding limits - e.g. on roads where cars and vans are allowed
to drive at 60mph, but HGVs are restricted to 40mph, it will be able to
tell which is which, and enforce the limits accordingly







Truvelo Speed Cameras

Truvelo system is steadily becoming more common and some parts of
the UK
now predominantly use this type of camera. Three white lines are painte
d just ahead of theTruvelo camera and there are strips in the road that
register the speed of the passing vehicle and trigger the camera. By using
an infra-red flash, the Truvelo camera avoids the flash that the rear
Gatso cameras produce when a photograph is taken. This means that the
driver doesn't see a flash but the camera can take a photograph of the
driver, as well as the front of the vehicle.


SPECS Cameras
SPECS work in conjunction with the Automatic Number Plate Reading
(ANPR)technology. These are the cameras that you often see fixed to
gantries towering over motorways or larger roads. You might also see
them on central reservations or on the road side. They are fitted with
infra red illuminators and are only ever seen in groups of 2 or more. The
groups of cameras are fixed at separate locations and work together to
establish the average speed a vehicle is traveling at - by working out
how long it took it to travel between each camera position. When a car
goes past the first and last cameras (and any
in between), the number plate details are recorded digitally



SMART CAMERA: It uses radar and laser-based technology, and has a
flash that cannot be seen by the human eye. It uses radar and laser-based
technology, and has a flash that cannot be seen by the human eye. It is
being tested at Ngauranga Gorge with a viewto extending the technology
to other high-risk speeding sites. Police insist the switch todigital is not a
revenue-gathering exercise, but rather a move to a more efficient and
cost-effective system.



Speed cameras are a smart deterrent, a smart deterrent that will
reduce speeding,
improve enforcement and, most importantly, save lives.

Red light cameras have clearly done their job and anti-speeding cameras
would clearly be effective .In most parts of New York City, the speed
limit is 30 miles-per-hour.



TYPICAL APPLICDATIONS
:Cameras have allowed the city to dip into the pockets of drivers who run red
lights

and now there is growing political momentum to use them to punish speeders.