d

50
(m) d
50
(ft) d
50
(in)
Maynord 0.03 0.09 1.12
USACOE (1) 0.05 0.18 2.12
Simons & Senturk 0.07 0.23 2.76
ASCE 0.04 0.13 1.55 Slope < 2%
USBR 0.06 0.20 2.38 for downstream of stilling basin
USGS 0.08 0.27 3.24 Usually higher then other methods
Ibash 0.07 0.22 2.70
CA DOT 0.11 0.35 4.24 dept of transportation
HEC-11 0.02 0.08 0.97 Q>1.4 cms 50cfs
0.00
Average Value 0.06 0.20 2.34
4.5 average water depth in channel (ft)
depth (m) 1.37 average water depth in channel (m)
3.87 average channel velocity (fps)
Vel (m/s) 1.18 average channel velocity (m/s)
q = 26.6 angle of side slope to horizontal q = 26.6 for 2:1 side slopes
S = 0.005 channel bed slope q = 21.8 for 2.5:1 side slopes
d
50
=
0.07 Trial riprap size (m) that which 50% of the riprap material is finer q = 18.4 for 3:1 side slopes
V = 1.18 local depth averaged velocity (m/s)
l =
0.005 angle of streamlines to horizontal (approx. angle of bed to horizontal)
d
50
(m) % Difference
0.3 91%
0.48 89%
0.38 82%
0.43 91%
0.43 86%
0.83 90%
0.46 85%
0.66 84%
0.09 73%
Method
Calculated Values
from Prakash, 2000
Estimated Riprap Size
for 2:1 side slopes
for 2.5:1 side slopes
for 3:1 side slopes
Maynards Method (Maynord, et. al., 1989)
d
30
/D = SF*0.30 [{g/(g
s
-g)}
0.5
*V/(g*D)
0.5
]
2.5
Where:
d
30
=
0.02 riprap size (m) than which 30% of the riprap material is finer
D = 1.3716 average water depth in channel (m)
SF = 1.2 factor of safety (1.2 suggested for this method)
V = 1.179576 local depth averaged velocity (m/s)
g = 9.81 acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s
2
)
g = 1000 unit weight of water (1000 kg/m
3
)
g
s
=
2404
unit weight of stone (kg/m
3
)
d
50
=
0.03
d
50
(m) is approximately equal to 1.5*d
30
US Army Corps of Engineers Method 1 (West Consultants, Inc., 1996)
d
30
/D = SF*C
s
*C
v
*C
t
[{g/(g
s
-g)}
0.5
*V/(g*D*K)
0.5
]
2.5
Where:
d
30
=
0.04 riprap size (m) than which 30% of the riprap material is finer
D = 1.4 average water depth in channel (m)
SF = 1.5 factor of safety (1.5 suggested for this method)
V = 1.179576 local depth averaged velocity (m/s)
g = 9.81 acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s
2
)
g = 1000 unit weight of water (1000 kg/m
3
)
g
s
=
2404
unit weight of stone (kg/m
3
)
C
s
=
0.3 stability coefficient = 0.30 for angular stones
C
v
=
1 vertical velocity distribution coefficient = 1.0 for straight channels
C
t
=
1
thickness coefficient = 1.0 for riprap thickness equal to d
100
K = 0.71747 side slope correction factor = [1-sin
2
q/sin
2
j)]
0.5
q = 26.6 angle of side slope to horizontal q = 26.6 for 2:1 side slopes
j = 40 angle of repose for stone q = 21.8 for 2.5:1 side slopes
q = 18.4 for 3:1 side slopes
d
50
=
0.05
d
50
(m) is approximately equal to 1.5*d
30
Simons and Senturk Method (Barfield, et al, 1981; Nelson, et al, 1986; Simons and Senturk, 1977)
(1)
t
max
=
10.42
maximum shear stress = 0.76 gDS
(2)
h =
2.23
= 21t
max
/[(g
s
-g)d
50
]
(3) b = 70.84 = arctan [cosl / {(2 sin q / h tan j)+sinl}]
(4) h ' = 2.17 = h [1+ sin (l + b)] / 2
(5) SF = 0.38 = cos q tan j / [h' tan j + sin q cos b]
Where:
d
50
=
0.07 riprap size (m) that which 50% of the riprap material is finer
D = 1.3716 average water depth in channel (m)
SF = 1.5 factor of safety (1.5 suggested for this method)
g = 1000 unit weight of water (1000 kg/m
3
) q = 26.6 for 2:1 side slopes
g
s
=
2404
unit weight of stone (kg/m
3
)
q = 21.8 for 2.5:1 side slopes
q = 26.6 angle of side slope to horizontal q = 18.4 for 3:1 side slopes
j = 40 angle of repose for stone
l = 0.572939 angle of streamlines to horizontal (approx. angle of bed to horizontal)
S = 0.01 channel bed slope
This method computes SF corresponding to a trial value of d
50
,
using equation 5. If the computed SF is not acceptable, then the
trial value of d
50
is modified until an acceptable SF is obtained.
American Society of Civil Engineers Method (Vanoni, 1977)
(1)
d
50
= [6 W
50
/ (p g
s
)]
0.333
(2) W
50
= 0.0232 G
s
V
6
/ [(G
s
- 1)
3
cos
3
q]
Where:
W
50
=
0.08
weight of stone (kg) of diameter d
50
G
s
=
2.4 specific gravity of stone
V = 1.179576 local depth averaged velocity (m/s)
g
s
=
2404
unit weight of stone (kg/m
3
)
q = 26.6 for 2:1 side slopes
q = 26.6 angle of side slope to horizontal q = 21.8 for 2.5:1 side slopes
q = 18.4 for 3:1 side slopes
d
50
=
0.04 riprap size (m) that which 50% of the riprap material is finer
USBR Method (Peterka, 1958)
(1)
d
50
= .043 V
a
2.06
Where:
V
a
=
1.179576 average channel velocity (m/s)
d
50
=
0.06 riprap size (m) that which 50% of the riprap material is finer
USGS Method (West Consultants, 1996)
(1)
d
50
= .055 V
a
2.44
Where:
V
a
=
1.179576 average channel velocity (m/s)
d
50
=
0.08 riprap size (m) that which 50% of the riprap material is finer
Ibash Method (Maynard, et al, 1989; West Consultants, 1996)
(1)
d
50
= V
a
2
/[2 g C
2
(G
s
- 1)]
Where: C = 0.86 0.86 for high and 1.2 for low turbulence zones
G
s
=
2.4 specific gravity of stone
V
a
=
1.179576 average channel velocity (m/s)
g = 9.81 acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s
2
)
d
50
=
0.07 riprap size (m) that which 50% of the riprap material is finer
California Department of Transporation Method (West Consultants, 1996)
(1)
W
33
= 0.0113 G
s
V
x
6
/ [(G
s
- 1)
3
sin
3
(r - q)]
(2) d
33
= [6 W
33
/ (p g
s
)]
.333
Where:
W
33
=
0.46
weight of stone (kg) of diameter d
33
G
s
=
2.4 specific gravity of stone
V
x
=
1.57
4/3 V
a
for impinging flows and 2/3 V
a
for tangential flows
V
a
=
1.179576 average channel velocity (m/s)
g
s
=
2404
unit weight of stone (kg/m
3
)
q = 26.6 for 2:1 side slopes
q = 26.6 angle of side slope to horizontal q = 21.8 for 2.5:1 side slopes
r = 70 70
0
for randomly placed rubble stone q = 18.4 for 3:1 side slopes
d
33
=
0.07 riprap size (m) than which 33% of the riprap material is finer
d
50
=
0.11
d
50
(m) is approximately equal to 1.5*d
33
y 62.4
d 4.5
S 0.007
T 1.9656
HEC-11 Method (West Consultants, 1996)
Rip-Rap Sizing
(1) d
50
= d
50
' C
f
C
s
(2) d
50
' = .005943 V
a
3
/ [K
1.5
(D)
.5
]
(3) C
f
= [SF / 1.2]
1.5
(4) C
s
= 2.12 / [G
s
- 1]
1.5
Where: SF = 1.5 factor of safety (1.5 suggested for this method)
V
a
=
1.18 average channel velocity (m/s)
G
s
=
2.4 specific gravity of stone
D = 1.37 average water depth in channel (m)
K = 0.71747 side slope correction factor = [1-sin
2
q/sin
2
j)]
0.5
q = 26.6 for 2:1 side slopes
q = 26.6 angle of side slope to horizontal q = 21.8 for 2.5:1 side slopes
j = 40 angle of repose for stone q = 18.4 for 3:1 side slopes
d
50
' =
0.01
C
f
=
1.40
C
s
=
1.28
d
50
=
0.02 riprap size (m) that which 50% of the riprap material is finer
d
50
=
0.08 riprap size (m) that which 50% of the riprap material is finer