Modul Bio SBP 2011 Ans

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY 2011
1

BAHAGIAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH DAN
SEKOLAH KLUSTER
KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

PERFECT
SCORE
BIOLOGY

2011
Teachers Module


2

Paper 2 Section A:

Structural Questions Marks Student
notes
1. Diagram 1.1 shows a somatic cell of an insect undergoing meiosis.

Diagram 1.1

(a) Label Q, R and S in Diagram 1.1.
[3 marks]

3m

(b) In the space below draw chromosome behaviour during metaphase I
and metaphase II.

[2 marks]

2m

Metaphase I
Metaphase II
Q: Chromosome/
chromatid
R: Centromere
S: Nuclear
membrane
Process X

3

(c) Explain how the process X involves in producing variation in organisms.

P1 - During prophase Meiosis 1, crossing over occurs between
homologous chromosomes

P2 - resulting a new genetic combination.

P3- It is also producing the exchange of genetic material between
paternal chromosome and maternal chromosome // between
homologous chromosomes.
[3 marks]

Any
3=3m

(d) Diagram 1.2 shows the formation of an ovum.

(i) What are process M and N?
M : Meiosis I
N : meiosis II
[2 marks]

2m

(ii) Describe the process that occurs if a sperm present at process N.
P1: meiosis II completed // ovum form
P2: (nucleus) ovum is fertilized by sperm nucleus
P3 : zygote is form
[2 marks]

2m

M
N
M
N
Primary oocyte (2n)
Oogonium (2n)
First polar body
(n)
Secondary oocyte
(n)
Second polar body
(n)
Diagram 1.2

4

2.

Diagram 2 shows the digested food is being carried from small intestine
to the liver and body cell.

(a)(i) Name process X at the villus.
Absorption
[1 mark]

1m

(ii) Explain ONE adaptation of the villus for the process in (a)(i).
F : Has thin wall//one cell thick wall
E : Diffusion of nutrient occurs rapidly //

F: Has network of blood capillary
E : transport nutrient to body tissue

1F=1m
1E=1m

Diagram 2

5

F : has lacteal //
E : to absorb/ transport fatty acid/glycerol to body tissue

F : numerous
E : increase total surface area
[2 marks]
(b) Vessel P and Q transport digested food from the villi to the liver and body
cells respectively.

Name vessel P and vessel Q.

P :Hepatic portal vein
Q: Lymphatic vessel
[2 marks]

1m

1m

(c) Explain what happens to the excessive amino acids in the liver?
P1 : Excess amino acid is converted into urea
P2 : process is called deamination
[2 marks]

1m

1m

(d) Digested food are used by the body cells for growth, to form complex
compounds or structural components.
State how lipids, amino acid and glucose are used in the cell.

Lipids:
L1: is used to build up plasma membrane/phospolipid
L2 : excess lipid is stored in adipose tissue
L3 : is used as energy reserve in the body
Amino acids:
A1: Amino acids are used in protein synthesis
A2 : to repair damage tissue
A3: used in synthesis of enzyme/hormones/antibody
Glucose:
G1 : is used in cellular respiration/ is oxidized to release energy
G2 : Glucose is stored as adipose tissue.
[3 marks]

L=1m
A=1m
G=1m


6

(e) Explain what will happen to a person if his liver receives insufficient insulin
from the pancreas.

P1 : Blood sugar level increases// Diabetes mellitus
P2 : Excess glucose cannot be converted to glycogen
[2 marks]

1m
1m

3. Diagram 3 shows the structure of respiratory system in human.

Diagram 3

(a) Based on Diagram 3, explain one adaptation of alveolus for efficient
gases exchange.
F1 : one cell thick
P1 : gas doesnt have far to diffuse //diffuse easily

F2 : supply with network of blood capillary.
P2 : to increase the diffusion // transportation of respiratory gases to
/from all the body cells.

F3 : large surface area // numerous number of alveoli
P3 : increase the diffusion of respiratory gases

F4 : inner surface of alveoli are moist
P4 : oxygen dissolve in the film of water

1F=1m
1P=1m

Bronchus
P
Blood
capillary
Cells
Alveolus

7

Any F with correspond P

(b)(i) Name P
Trachea

1m

(b)(ii)
Explain the role of P to prevent dirt and bacteria from entering the
alveolus.

F1 : secrete sticky fluid/mucus
P1 : traps dirt / bacteria that are breathed in.

F2 : cells in P have cilia / tiny hair-like structures
P2 : sweeping the mucus out towards the mouth.

Any F with correspond P

1F=1m
1P=1m

(c)(i)

On Diagram 3, draw labeled arrow ( ) to show the direction of
Blood flow (P1)
Oxygen diffusion (P2)
Carbon dioxide diffusion (P3)
[3 marks]

Blood flow= arrow from blood capillary to other side of blood
capillary

Oxygen diffusion = arrow from alveolus to blood capillary
// arrow from blood capillary to cells

Carbon dioxide diffusion = arrow from blood capillary to alveolus
// from cells to blood capillary

P1=1m
P2 =1m
P3 = 1m

(c)(ii) Explain why the diffusion of oxygen occur at the alveolus.

F: the partial pressure of oxygen in the air of the alveoli is higher
compared to the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood capillary

P: ( therefore,) oxygen diffuses across the surface of the alveolus to
the blood.

1m

1m

(d) A hard mass of food passing down the oesophagus might indirectly
interrupt the air supply to lung by pressing on P.
Explain how P overcome this problem.

F : P/trachea is protected (against closure by a series of closely
packed C-shaped) ring of cartilage

P : cartilage keep the trachea open// prevent from collapse

1m

1m


8

Structural Questions Marks Student
notes
4. Diagram 4.1 shows a cross section of a leaf.
.

Diagram 4.1

(a)(i) On Diagram 4.1 label the structures P and Q.

P : Xylem
Q : Phloem
[2 marks]

1m

1m

(a)(ii) Explain the stage of cell organization of the leaf .

F : Organ

E: made up of ground tissue, epidermal tissue, mesophyll tissue
and vascular tissue // consists of various types of tissues
combined together to perform spesific functions.
[2 marks]

1m

1m

(b)(i) Q are important structure in plant transport system.
Explain how structure Q in the leaf help in plant transportation.

P1: Q / Phloem tissue composed of sieved tubes

P2: with the end walls of each cell are perforated by pores to form
sieves plates

P3:which allow substances to pass from one cell to another.

[2 marks]

1m

1m

1m

(b)(ii) Name the process occurs in (b)(i).

Translocation
[1 marks]

1m

P: ________________

Q: _______________
__________________
____

9

Diagram 4.2 shows a longitudinal section of structure Q.

(b)(iii)

On Diagram 4.2 label the structures R and S.
[2 marks]

1m

1m

(c) R plays an important role in helping S in the plant transportation.
Predict what happen to the plant if structure R is not presence ?

P1: The plant will be dye

P2: (without R / companion cell) no energy will be provided to the
sieve tube

P3:hence dissolve organic substances/sucrose/ cannot be
transported (from leaves to the storage organ/other part of
plant)
[2 marks]

Any 2
= 2m

Diagram 4.3 (a) and 4.3 (b) shows a student removed the ring bark from
the branch of a woody plant.

S: Sieve tube cell
_____________
R: Companion
ccecell
____________
Diagram 4.2
Diagram 4.3(a) Diagram 4.3(b)

10

(d)

Predict the effect of removing the ring bark from the branch.
Explain your answer.

P1: The branch will be die
P2: owing to a lack of organic substances in the parts below the
ring.
[2 marks]

1m

1m

5. Diagram 5 shows three types of neurones in the human body.

(a) Name neurone P and neurone Q.

Neurone P : Afferent neurone / sensory neurone.
Neurone Q: Interneurone
[2 marks]

1m

1m

(b)(i) Name structure X.

Synapse
[1 mark]

1m

(b)(ii) Explain how the transmission of nerve impulse across the X.

P1 - When an impulses / electrical signals reaches in the axon
terminal

P2 - Stimulates (synaptic) vesicles to move towards (and
bind with the presynaptic membrane)

P3 - The vesicles fuse / release the neurotransmitter/ acetylcoline /
example of neurotransmitter into the synapse / X.

P4 - The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synapse / X

P5 - This leads to the generation of new impulse/ electrical signals
in which travels along the Q / neurone
[3 marks]

Any 3=
3m

Diagram 5
P
Q
R
X

11

(c) Describe the pathway in the reflex action involved the three neurons
above.

P1 - Receptor detect the stimulus and triggers the nerve impulses

P2 (The nerve impulses) are transmitted along neurone P to
neurone Q (in the spinal cord) through/ via synapse.

P3 (The nerve impulses) are then transmitted from neurone Q to
neurone R through synapse
[3 marks]

Any3 =
3m

(d)

Based on the above statement describe how endocrine system is
involved in the fight and flight situation.

P0 adrenaline is secreted by adrenal gland
P1 (adrenaline) cause the heartbeat / breathing rate increase
P2 more oxygen and glucose are sent/ transported to the tissues
P3 metabolic rate / cellular respiration increases
P4 - more energy is produced to contraction and relaxation of
muscle (to run away)
[3 marks]

Any 3=
3m

A dog suddenly barks and chases you. Your heartbeat increases
and your palms become sweaty. You feel so scared and run away.


12

6. Diagram 6 .1 shows a part of human brain, kidney and a nephron which
involve in the process of osmoregulation.

(a) What is the function of kidney in osmoregulation ?

P1: Kidney regulates salts/solutes and water levels in the blood

P2: to maintain a constant water potential in the body /
regulates the osmotic pressure of the blood
[1 mark]

1m

(b)(i) Individual Y drinks excessive water.
What happen to the blood osmotic pressure in his body?

Osmotic pressure in plasma decreases // water potential increases
[ 1 mark ]

1m

(b)(ii) Explain how hypothalamus and gland M response to the condition in
(b)(i) ?
Hypothalamus:
P1: Osmoreceptor (in hypothalamus) detect the changes /
less stimulated.
Gland M :
P2:Pituitary gland / gland M is less/ not stimulated/trigger
P3:Hence less hormone P / ADH secreted
P4:Less water reabsorbed
[ 2 marks]

P1 =1m

Any P2-
P4 = 2m

Diagram 6.1

13

(c) If individual Y eating a very salty food, the adrenal gland will release less
hormone Q .
What is hormone Q and explain how hormone Q involved in the
mechanism to restore the osmotic pressure of the blood back to normal
levels.
P1: Hormon Q is aldosterone hormone
E1:(Adrenal gland less stimulated) ,
E2; less aldosterone produced,
E3: less salt is reabsorbed
E4:most of it will be secreted through urine
[ 3 marks ]

3 any =
3m

(d) Explain what happen to the filtrate that flows from glomerulus to
collecting duct?
P 1 : Water /glucose/amino acid is reabsorbed into blood capillary
P2 : urea is secreted into distal convoluted tubule
P3 : salt is reabsorb/ secreted depends on osmotic pressure
[ 2 marks ]

2 m

(e) Kidney function may be impaired by excessive blood loss, certain poisons
or infectious diseases which can lead to kidney failure.
Diagram 6.2 shows a haemodialysis machine which can save a kidney
patients life.

(e) Explain how the machine operates.
P1: blood is pump into semi permeable membrane in the dialysis
machine
P2: contains (dialysate) solution
P3: waste substances /urea diffuse out (from the blood)
P4: useful substances are not.
P5: cleaned blood returns to the patient
[ 3 marks ]

Any 3
=3 m

Diagram 6.2

14

7. Diagram 7 shows the changes of four type of hormone which control the
menstrual cycle and follicle development in the ovaries

(a) Based on Diagram 7, name the hormone labelled P and R.

P : Luteinising hormone
R : Oestrogen hormone
[2 marks]

2m

(b) Complete the follicle development in boxes L and N in Diagram 7.
L : ovum release from graafian follicle/ovulation (diagram)
N : size of corpus luteum is smaller than M.(diagram)
[2 mark]

2m

(c) Based on Diagram 7, explain the relationship between structure M and
the level of hormone S.

P1 : Structure M /corpus luteum develop after ovulation
P2 : Structure M secretes Hormone S /progesterone
P3 : concentration/level of hormone S increase
P4: when the structure M degenerate, level of hormone S decrease
[3 marks]

Any
3=3m

Diagram 7
L
M
N

15

3(d) If fertilisation occurred, the level of hormones S is maintained and the
pregnancy is proceed. Explain the importance of hormone S.

P1 : to thicken the endometrium wall
P2 : with epithelium tissue/ network of blood capillary//highly
vascular
P3 : prepare for implantation of foetus
[3 marks]

3m

(e) If the sperm counts of a husband is too low, artificial insemination can be
carried out to overcome this in fertility problem. Discuss the appropriate
technique should be used.

P1 : sperm are collected
P2 : (over a period of time) until the count of sperm will be high
enough
P3 : the sperm are injected directly into Fallopian tube
[2 marks]

2m

8. Diagram 8 shows a longitudinal section of the reproductive parts of a
flower during fertilization.

(a). On Diagram 8, name the structure P, Q, R and S.
[4 marks]

4m

Diagram 8

16

(b)(i) In the space below, draw a section through the ovule, showing all the
cells in R.
Label the cell involved in the fertilization.

D= 1m

L= 2m

(b)(ii) What is the significance of having two Q structure in the fertilization.

P1: one cell Q/ male gamete fertilizes an egg cell to form the diploid
zygotes

P2: one cell Q/ male gamete fertilizes 2 polar nuclei to form the
triploid zygote to form endosperm
[2 marks]

2m

(c)(i) A farmer spraying hormone X on the tomatos flower to produce mature
tomato.
What is hormone X?

Auxin.
[1 mark]

1m

(c)(ii) Explain the role of hormone X in the production of mature tomato fruits.

P1: Auxin stimulates the ovaries of the tomato flowers to develop
into fleshy fruits

P2: without pollination and fertilization

P3: the process is called partenocarpy

P4: where the tomato fruits are seedless

Any 2=
2 m


17

9. Diagram 9.1 shows the relationship between a cell, chromosome, DNA,
genes and bases.

(a) On Diagram 9.1 , mark and label of the following terms :
i) DNA
ii) Bases
iii) Chromosomes
[3 marks]

3m

(b) State the chromosome number of the cell shown in Diagram 9.1.

Answer : 12
[1 mark]

1m

(c)

What can you deduce about genes based on Diagram 9.1?

gene consists of a (short) segment of DNA molecule //
genes carried genetic information in form of sequence of
nitrogenous base / A, G, T.
[1 mark]

1m

genes
Diagram 9.1
Chromosome
DNA
Base

18

Diagram 9.2 shows parts of a molecule of DNA.

(d)(i)

Name the basic unit of DNA.

Answer: Nucleotide
[ 1 mark ]

1m

(d)(ii) What is K ?

answer: (Pentose) sugar // Deoxyribose
[ 1 mark ]

1m

(d)(iii)

Complete the Diagram 9.2, to show that DNA molecule consist of two
strands that joined together by hydrogen bond.

Criteria Correctly
C1. paired base
C2. position of polynucleotide ( opposite direction )
C3. Connection between molecules in polynucleotide

[ 3 marks]

C1=1m
C2=1m
C3=1m

Diagram 9.2
A
T
G
Unit of
DNA
K

19

Diagram 9.3 shows chromosomes with the alleles for crosses between
two varieties of pea plants: yellow and smooth seed variety, with a green
and wrinkled seed variety. Yellow seed (Y) is dominant over green seed
(y) while smooth seed (S) is dominant over wrinkled seed (s).

(e)(i)
Based on Diagram 9.3, indicate the pair of alleles found in the F
1
generation.

[1 mark]

1m

(e)(ii)
Determine the phenotype of the offspring in the F
1
generation.

Answer: Yellow and smooth seed.
[1 mark]

1m

Diagram 9.3

20

10. Diagram 10 show the pedigree inheritance of the characteristics,
haemophilia in a family. The characteristics, haemophilia is controlled by
a pair of alleles hh that are linked to the sex chromosomes. H is dominant
to h.

Key :

Normal male Haemophiliac male

Normal female Haemophiliac female

(a) Explain briefly the characteristics haemophilia.
(A phenomenon which is) blood fail to clot due to lack of blood
clotting factor.
[1 marks]

1m

(b)(i) What is the genotype of K?
Answer: X
H
X
h

[1 mark]

1m

(b)(ii) Explain how to determine the genotype in (b)(i)?
P1 :K has a male haemophiliac offspring, X
h
Y.

P2 :K is a normal female, hence she has a pair of
heterozygous alleles X
H
X
h
(to produce a male haemophiliac offspring with genotype X
h
Y)

[2 marks]

2m

L
K

Q
S
R
Diagram 10

21

(c)(i) State the genotypes and gametes for the parent in the third generation.
Female x Male
Phenotype : Normal Normal

Genotype : X
H
X
h
X
H
Y

Gamete : X
H
X
h
X
H
Y

[2 marks]

2m

(c)(ii) Q and R are sisters and are normal. They are found to have different
genotypes. Explain why?

P1 :One of them inherits X
H
from her father and X
H
from her mother
P2:The other one inherits X
H
from her father and X
h
from her
P3 :mother. Both are normal but genotypically, one of them is a
carrier
[2marks]

2m

(c)(iii) If a haemophilic female marries the child S in the third generation, what is
the probability of obtaining children that are haemophiliac?. Explain
your answer by constructing a genetic diagram for this inheritance.

Parental generation :
Phenotype Haemophiliac female x normal male
Genotype X
h
X
h
X
H
Y
meiosis

Gametes X
h
X
H
Y

Fertilisation
Offspring :
Genotype X
H
X
h
X
h
Y
Phenotype: Normal (female) Haemophiliac (male)

Probability : 50% normal and 50% haemophiliac //

Phenotypic ratio : 1 normal female : 1 haemohilia male

[4 marks]

1m

1m

1m

1m

1m

Max 4m


22

(d) Sex-linked trait such as haemophilia and colour-blindness are usually
associated with males. Explain why?
P1 :Males are determined by the presence of the X and Y
chromosomes // male only has one X chromosome

P2: Sex-linked genes are absent in the Y chromosomes//only
presence in X chromosome.

P3 : Therefore, the presence of one sex-linked gene in the X
chromosome will affect the male as compared to the
female who needs recessive genes to be present in both
X chromosomes for her to be affected.
[2 marks]

Any2 =
2m


23

Modul Bio SBP 2011 Ans

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