Angličtina V Kostce

Iva Dostlov
2
Anglitina v kostce pro S Gramatika
Iva Dostlov
Text Iva Dostlov
Kresby Pavel Kantorek
Oblka a grafck prava Fragment DTP s. r. o., Kamila Flonerov
Odpovdn redaktorka Romana Homonick
Technick redaktorka Darue Singerov
Vydalo nakladatelstv Fragment, Humpoleck 1503, Havlkv Brod,
jako svou 1098. publikaci.
1. vydn, 2007
Sazbu zhotovil TypoText, s. r. o.
Vytiskly Tiskrny Havlkv Brod, a. s.
Copyright Fragment, 2007
Text Iva Dostlov, 2007
Illustrations Pavel Kantorek, 2007
Cover Fragment DTP s. r. o., Kamila Flonerov, 2007
Vechna prva vyhrazena. dn st tto publikace nesm
bt roziovna bez psemnho souhlasu majitel prv.
Kontaktn adresa: Radiov 1, 102 27 Praha 10-Hostiva
e-mail: fragment@fragment.cz; http://www.fragment.cz
ISBN 978-80-253-0192-0 (1. vydn, 2007)
3
OBSAH
vod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1. Podstatn jmna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Pdavn jmna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3. Zjmena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4. slovky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5. Pomocn slovesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
6. Modln slovesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7. Ptomn as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
8. Minul as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
9. Pedptomn as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
10. Pedminul as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
11. Budoucnost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
12. Pedbudouc as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
13. Tzac dovtek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
14. Slovesa netvoc prbhov as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
15. Gerundium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
16. Infnitiv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
17. Trpn rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
18. Rozkazovac zpsob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
19. Do, make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
20. Pslovce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
21. Pedloky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
22. Slovosled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
23. Otzka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
24. Tvoen slov pedponami . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
25. Tvoen slov pponami . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
26. Spojovac vrazy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
27. Podmnkov vty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
28. asov vty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
29. Pac vty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
30. Vztan vty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
31. elov vty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
32. asov souslednost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Ploha Nepravideln slovesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Kl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
4
vod
Tato uebnice gramatiky anglickho jazyka je vhodn pro nejir okruh uivatel, pedevm je vak urena studentm
stednch kol jako doplujc materil k upevnn znalost zkladnho gramatickho uiva. Obsahuje 32 kapitol s jasnm
a strunm vkladem gramatiky potebn k spnmu sloen maturitn zkouky i k pprav na pijmac zkouky vyso-
kch kol. Pro oven zskanch znalost pin uebnice vce ne sto cvien na procvien jednotlivch gramatickch jev
a 10 souhrnnch test provujcch prbn vae znalosti.
Vme, e se tato pruka stane nepostradatelnm pomocnkem pi procviovn, opakovn a prohlubovn znalost
anglickho jazyka a pi pprav na rzn typy zkouek.
Hodn spch pi studiu vm pej autorka a nakladatelstv Fragment
5
1. Podstatn jmna
ROD
a) stejn vraz pro ob pohlav
teacher uitel, uitelka
doctor doktor, doktorka
student student, studentka
friend ptel, ptelkyn
reader ten, tenka
singer zpvk, zpvaka
cousin bratranec, sestenice
male teacher uitel
female teacher uitelka
boyfriend ptel
girlfriend ptelkyn
c) ensk rod tvoen z muskho pponami
actor actress herec, hereka
emperor empress csa, csaovna
master mistress pn, pan
waiter waitress nk, servrka
lion lioness lev, lvice
tiger tigress tygr, tygice
steward stewardess stevard, stevardka
duke duchess vvoda, vvodkyn
host hostess hostitel, hostitelka
god goddess bh, bohyn
hero heroine hrdina, hrdinka
tsar tsarina car, carevna
d) rzn vrazy
king queen krl, krlovna
nephew niece synovec, nete
uncle aunt strc, teta
Zvata a dti bez rozlien pohlav jsou rodu stednho.
Mluvme-li o konkrtnm dtti i domcch mazlcch, pouijeme pslun rod.
a child and its needs dt a jeho poteby
Her child is only four, but he can read and write. Jejmu dtti jsou teprve tyi, ale um st a pst.
tomcat pussy cat
kocourek koika
billy goat nanny goat
kozel koza
zajmavost
musk rod ensk rod
waiter waitress
actor actress
zapamatuj si
V souasn anglitin je snaha
nerozliovat u povoln pohlav.
steward
stewardess
fight attendant
pikantnost
b) rozlien pomoc male, female, boy, girl, man, woman apod.
6
Cvien 1.1. Doplte do tabulky ensk rod.

boyfriend
lion
hero
emperor
uncle
MNON SLO
a) pravideln
pponou s
student students
pponou es po vyslovench sykavkch a u nkterch
podstatnch jmen zakonench -o
watch watches hodinky
church churches kostel, kostely
class classes tda, tdy
hero heroes hrdina, hrdinov
Negro Negroes ernoch, ernoi
potato potatoes brambora, brambory
tomato tomatoes raje, rajata
ale
photo photos fotka, fotky
piano pianos piano, piana
disco discos diskotka, diskotky
Pravopis
-y po souhlsce ies
lady ladies
ale
-y po samohlsce se nemn
boy boys
b) nepravideln
man men mu, mui
woman women ena, eny
tooth teeth zub, zuby
foot feet noha, nohy
goose geese husa, husy
mouse mice my, myi
louse lice ve, vi
child children dt, dti
ox oxen vl, voli
medium media prostedek, prostedky
man people lovk, lid
ale
people peoples nrod, nrody
c) f se mn na -v
wife wives manelka, manelky
half halves polovina, poloviny
knife knives n noe
loaf loaves bochnk, bochnky
shelf shelves police, police
thief thieves zlodj, zlodji
leaf leaves list, list
wolf wolves vlk, vlci
life lives ivot, ivoty
scarf scarves la, ly

waiter
actor
tsar
duke
headmaster
boy boys
baby babies
church churches
tahk
man men
woman women
child children
foot feet
tooth teeth
mouse mice
tahk
7
ale
belief beliefs vra, vry
chief chiefs nelnk, nelnci
roof roofs stecha, stechy
proof proofs dkaz, dkazy
staf stafs sbor, sbory
clif clifs tes, tesy
d) mnon slo je toton s jednotnm
fsh ryba, ryby
sheep ovce, ovce
series ada, ady
means prostedek, prostedky
species druh, druhy
crossroads kiovatka, kiovatky
salmon losos, lososi
aircraft letadlo, letadla
nsleduje sloveso v pslunm sle
a sheep is, sheep are
e) podstatn jmna pouze v jednotnm sle
(nepoitateln)
advice rada, rady
news zprva, zprvy
evidence dkaz, dkazy
information informace
knowledge znalost, znalosti
evidence dkaz, dkazy
progress pokrok, pokroky
success spch, spchy
luggage zavazadlo, zavazadla
hair vlas, vlasy
experience zkuenost, zkuenosti
politics politika
physics fyzika
nsleduje sloveso v jednotnm sle: Toms hair is black.
dle viz nepoitateln podstatn jmna
f) podstatn jmna pouze v mnonm sle
clothes aty, odv
manners chovn
contents obsah
customs celnice
surroundings okol
hops chmel
riches bohatstv
goods zbo
wages mzda
scales vhy
scissors nky
Middle Ages stedovk
vegetables zelenina
nsleduje sloveso v mnonm sle:
His manners are horrible.
g) kolektivn podstatn jmna
army armda
audience obecenstvo
government vlda
police policie
company spolenost
crew posdka
team mustvo
wife wives
knife knives
leaf leaves
wolf wolves
tahk
fsh ryba, ryby
fshes rzn druhy ryb
zajmavost
Nepoitateln podstatn jmna existuj pouze
v jednotnm sle. (Kapitola POITATELNOST)
advice is
news is
luggage is
hair is
money is
odkaz
8
nsleduje sloveso v jednotnm sle, mme-li na mysli
kolektiv jako celek, v mnonm sle, mme-li na mysli
jednotliv leny kolektivu:
My family is really large. M rodina je opravdu velk.
All the family were at home. Cel rodina (vichni jej lenov)
byla doma.
Cvien 1.2. Utvote mnon slo.
Jednotn slo Mnon slo
loaf
tomato
sheep
disco
watch
boy
family
roof
means
grandchild
Englishman
foot
hero
medium
aircraft
leaf
ox
woman
crossroads
life
kiss
series
goose
chief
box
Cvien 1.3. Doplte do vt sloveso is nebo are.
1) The goods . . . . . . . delivered on Mondays.
2) Mathematics . . . . . . . difcult for me.
3) What . . . . . . . the contents of this book?
4) This animal . . . . . . . a very rare species.
5) A lot of species . . . . . . . endangered.
6) Which . . . . . . . your favourite means of transport?
A bus or a tram?
7) Vegetables . . . . . . . healthy.
8) The evening news . . . . . . . at seven.
9) This crossroads . . . . . . . a very dangerous place.
10) His manners . . . . . . . horrible.
11) Sheep . . . . . . . friendly animals.
12) No news . . . . . . . good news.
13) The customs . . . . . . . closed.
14) The surroundings of our house . . . . . . . ugly.
15) Your knowledge of English grammar . . . . . . . very bad.
POITATELNOST
a) poitateln
tvo jednotn i mnon slo
v jednotnm sle mus bt len a nebo the
mohou se pouvat s slovkou
SG PL
a boy
(njak)
chlapec
(some) boys (njac) chlapci
the boy ten chlapec the boys ti chlapci
seven boys sedm chlapc
how many boys? kolik chlapc?
a few boys pr chlapc
few boys mlo chlapc
a lot of boys spousta chlapc
many boys hodn chlapc
b) nepoitateln
existuj pouze v jednotnm sle
jsou bez lenu a
nemohou se pouvat s slovkou
Nkter anglick podstatn jmna v jednotnm
sle odpovdaj eskmu mnonmu slu.
newsapaper noviny
back zda
mouth sta
door dvee
watch hodinky
clock hodiny
poznmka
len a vznikl z slovky one, proto neme
bt ped nepoitatelnmi podstatnmi jmny.
peti si
9
SG
(some) wine (njak) vno
the wine to vno
how much wine? kolik vna?
a little wine trochu vna
little wine mlo vna
a lot of wine spousta vna
much wine hodn vna
ba) ltkov podstatn jmna
water voda
blood krev
sugar cukr
salt sl
iron elezo
glass sklo
wood devo
bb) abstraktn podstatn jmna
love lska
work prce
importance dleitost
time as
music hudba
culture kultura
progress pokrok
bc) ostatn podstatn jmna
(viz Kapitola MNON SLO e)
money penze
hair vlasy
fruit ovoce
Chceme-li vyjdit urit mnostv u nepoitatelnch
podstatnch jmen, pouijeme vraz
an item of, a piece of, a bottle of, a kilo of atd.
water a glass of water sklenice vody
work a lot of work spousta prce
bread a loaf of bread bochnk chleba
a slice of bread krajc chleba
milk a packet of milk krabice mlka
beer a pint of beer pinta piva
coca a can of coca plechovka koly
cheese a piece of cheese kousek sra
four a kilo of four kilo mouky
chocolate a bar of chocolate tabulka okoldy
luggage two pieces of luggage dv zavazadla
evidence three items of evidence ti dkazy
Nkter podstatn jmna jsou nepoitateln v jednom
vznamu, ale poitateln v jinm vznamu.
nepoitateln poitateln
glass sklo a glass sklenika
iron elezo an iron ehlika
paper papr a paper noviny
work prce a work umleck dlo
room msto a room mstnost
cake dort (zkusek) a cake cel dort
experience zkuenost an experience zitek
How many pieces of luggage
do you have?
Kolik mte zavazadel?
pikantnost
work nepoitateln
I am looking for work.
job poitateln
I am looking for a job.
zapamatuj si
paper a paper
papr noviny
glass a glass
sklo sklenika
zajmavost
10
Cvien 1.5. Piate k sob nsledujc vrazy.
1) a glass of A) tea
2) a bar of B) luggage
3) three pieces of C) beer
4) a cup of D) milk chocolate
5) a can of E) red wine
Cvien 1.6. Doplte do vt a / an nebo some.
1) Can I have . . . . . . . apple?
2) Can I have . . . . . . . apple juice?
3) Ill have . . . . . . . cheese.
4) Will you have . . . . . . . cheese sandwich?
5) He bought . . . . . . . wine, but I dont know if red or white.
6) Have . . . . . . . wine.
7) We were in . . . . . . . wine cellar last night.
8) Id like . . . . . . . pint of lager.
9) Would you like . . . . . . . cake?
10) Will you have . . . . . . . more cofee?
PIVLASTOVAC PD
a) ivotn s
jedn. . boys dog chlapcv pes
James dog
Jamess dog Jakubv pes
mn. . boys dog pes chlapc
childrens dog pes dt
womens rights prva en
Je-li podstatn jmno ureno pivlastovacm pdem,
nepedchz mu len.
Peter has a friend. Peters friend is a lawyer.
Petr m ptele. Petrv ptel je prvnk.
b) neivotn of
the colour of his eyes barva jeho o
c) neivotn s
todays newspaper dnen noviny
suns rays slunen paprsky
months rate msn njemn
worlds population svtov populace
womens clothes dmsk odvy
d) frze
at my grandmothers u babiky
at the bakers u pekae
at St. Pauls v katedrle sv. Pavla
a two months holiday dvoumsn przdniny
Cvien 1.7. Pelote nsledujc vrazy.
1) Pavlv ddeek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) dv jmno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) svatba Toma a Jenny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) ztej noviny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) pokoj mho bratra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) dtsk knihy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) syn pana Browna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) svtov populace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) kancel editele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) prva en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) u ddeka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) ptiminutov prochzka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) pokoj mch sester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) lonice rodi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) pnsk odvy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Cvien 1.4. Rozdlte podstatn jmna v rmeku na poitateln a nepoitateln.
importance four fower money wine water bottle bread slice loaf
cheese music piano radio luggage suitcase bag newspaper news item
Poitateln Nepoitateln
11
LENY
a) len neurit a, an
ped poitatelnm podstatnm jmnem v jednotnm
sle ve vznamu njak
a ped vyslovenou souhlskou
an ped vyslovenou samohlskou
Pouit
mluvme-li o vci i osob poprv
They have a big house. Maj velk dm.
ve vazb there is
There is a car in front of the house. Ped domem je
(njak) auto.
ve jmenn sti psudku u sloves be a become
He is a doctor. Je lka.
She became an actress. Stala se herekou.
msto slovky one
a hundred (jedno) sto
Frze
twice a day dvakrt denn
a couple pr
a little trochu
a lot of spousta
a few nkolik
to have a smoke zakouit si
to have a rest odpoinout si
to have a look kouknout se
to have a chat popovdat si
to give a lift svzt autem
half an hour plhodina
as a matter of fact ve skutenosti
as a result v dsledku
in a hurry ve spchu
one at a time po jednom
b) len urit the
ped podstatnmi jmny v jednotnm i mnonm sle
ve vznamu ten
the boy, the boys ten chlapec, ti chlapci
Pouit
ped podstatnm jmnem, o kterm jsme ji mluvili
We have a garden. The garden is not big.
Mme zahradu. (Ta) Zahrada nen velk.
ped podstatnm jmnem, kter je bl ureno
This is the man we met last summer.
To je ten mu, kterho jsme potkali loni v lt.
ped tetm stupnm pdavnch jmen
the highest mountain nejvy hora
ped adovmi slovkami
the third foor tet patro
ped zpodstatnlmi pdavnmi jmny
the poor chud
the old sta
u osob a vc, kter jsou jedinen
the Prime Minister premir
the Earth Zem
the Sun Slunce
the capital hlavn msto
oznaen zstupce celho druhu
The whale is a mammal. Velryba je savec.
u rodin
the Smiths Smithovi
u nrodnost
the English Anglian
Frze
go to the theatre jt do divadla
go to the cinema jt do kina
go to the doctor jt k doktorovi
listen to the radio poslouchat rdio
in the country(side) na venkov
in the world na svt
in the sky na nebi
the same as stejn jako, stejn jako
a boy
a year
an apple
an hour
an ugly girl
Neurit len a vznikl z slovky one,
proto neme bt ped podstatnm
jmnem v mnonm sle.
zapamatuj si
12
the only possibility jedin monost
the city centre centrum msta
at the sea u moe
at the beginning na zatku
at the end na konci
at the same time souasn
play the violin hrt na housle
c) Bezlennost
Pouit
je-li podstatn jmno ureno pivlastovacm
zjmenem, pivlastovacm pdem nebo ukazovacm
zjmenem
my friend mj ptel
Pauls car Pavlovo auto
this book tato kniha
u nepoitatelnch podstatnch jmen
water voda
vdy a jazyky
chemistry chemie
English anglitina
nzvy dn, msc, obdob a svtk
Sunday nedle
March bezen
summer lto
Easter Velikonoce
Christmas Vnoce
New Years Eve Silvestr
jmna dennch jdel
breakfast sndan
lunch obd
dinner veee
ale
a delicious dinner vten veee
jmna osob
John Jan
Mr Brown pan Brown
Pouit
nzvy sport a her
tennis tenis
chess achy
choroby
fu chipka
Nkter podstatn jmna lze pouvat i se lenem uritm:
I was there on Sunday. Byl jsem tam v nedli.
The Sunday before Christmas was sunny.
Nedle ped Vnocemi byla slunen.
hospital, school, prison, church: Pokud mluvme
o instituci, jsou tato podstatn jmna bez lenu.
Pokud mluvme o budov, pouvme len the.
go to hospital jt do nemocnice (jako pacient)
go to the hospital jt do nemocnice (na nvtvu)
go to church jt do kostela (jako vc)
go to the church jt do kostela (prohldnout si ho)
go to prison jt do vzen (jako vze)
go to the prison jt do vzen (na nvtvu)
go to school jt do koly (jako k)
go to the school jt do koly (na tdn schzky)
Frze
to go by bus jet autobusem
to go to bed jt spt
to go on foot jt pky
at night v noci
by day ve dne
by heart nazpam
arm in arm ruku v ruce
face to face tv v tv
from top to toe od hlavy k pat
There is a table in the kitchen.
V kuchyni je stl.
The table is round.
(Ten) Stl je kulat.
zapamatuj si
to play the piano hrt na piano
to play football hrt fotbal
zapamatuj si
There is a bus in front of the post ofce.
The bus is green.
Lets take a bus.
We went there by bus.
Take bus number two.
vysvtlivka
13
Cvien 1.8. Doplte do vt leny a / an, the tam,
kde je teba.
1) Have you got . . . . . . . brother or . . . . . . . sister?
2) It is written at . . . . . . . top of . . . . . . . page.
3) There is . . . . . . . bookcase in . . . . . . . corner of . . . . . . .
room.
4) They live in . . . . . . . south-west of England.
5) . . . . . . . Browns live in . . . . . . . east Scotland.
6) There is someone at . . . . . . . door.
7) James was taken to . . . . . . . hospital.
8) Are you tired? Go to . . . . . . . bed, then.
9) . . . . . . . Moon revolves round . . . . . . . Earth.
10) Who was . . . . . . . frst owner of . . . . . . . car?
11) Jackie has . . . . . . . round face with . . . . . . . big mouth.
12) Jill was wet from . . . . . . . top to . . . . . . . toe.
13) . . . . . . . only way to cope with it is talking about it as
much as possible.
14) This morning I had . . . . . . . breakfast in . . . . . . . hurry.
15) Lets go to . . . . . . . cinema, shall we?
16) Jack arrived at . . . . . . . same time as me.
17) Yesterday she went to school by . . . . . . . bus, but today
she had to take . . . . . . . taxi so that she wouldnt be late.
18) Jim can play . . . . . . . guitar and he is . . . . . . . good
hockey player as well.
19) What do you think is better -living in . . . . . . . town
or in . . . . . . . country?
20) Paris is . . . . . . . capital of France.
21) Jeremy went to . . . . . . . hospital to visit his grandfather.
22) I like . . . . . . . people I work with.
23) When I went to . . . . . . . school, we had to learn a lot of
things by . . . . . . . heart.
24) Who is . . . . . . . tallest boy in your class?
25) Could you pass me . . . . . . . sugar, please?
26) I love . . . . . . . Christmas but I dont like . . . . . . . Easter
at all.
27) . . . . . . . English are famous for their politeness.
28) The ticket is 5 for . . . . . . . unemployed.
29) Lets have . . . . . . . rest and go to . . . . . . . sea.
30) It was . . . . . . . delicious breakfast but . . . . . . . dinner
yesterday was disgusting.
d) len u zempisnch nzv a nzv instituc
Bez lenu
zem v jednotnm sle a bez obecnho slova
(republic, kingdom) v nzvu
Great Britain Velk Britnie
Canada Kanada
svtadly
Europe Evropa
Asia Asie
ulice
Fleet Sreet
Fifth Avenue
msta
Prague
London
ale
The Hague
nmst
Charles Square
Piccadilly Circus
parky
Hyde Park
Victoria Park
letit
Heathrow
Kennedy Airport
jezera
Lake Ontario
Lake Michigan
ostrovy v jednotnm sle
Bermuda
Corfu
jednotliv hory
Mount Everest
Kilimanjaro
budovy a instituce s vlastnm jmnem v nzvu
Westminster Abbey
Buckingham Palace
Lloyds Bank
kostely a katedrly
St Pauls (Cathedral)
14
The
zem v mnonm sle a s obecnm slovem (republic,
kingdom) v nzvu
the Netherlands
the Czech Republic
the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland
moe, oceny, kanly
the Atlantic
the Black Sea
the Suez Canal
eky
the Danube
the Thames
poho a horsk psma
the Rocky Mountains
the Alps
souostrov
the Shetlands
the Bahamas
nzvy lod
the Belfast
the Titanic
pout
the Sahara (Desert)
the Great Desert
svtov strany
the south
the north
the west
the east
the Far East
ale
North Africa
politick strany
the Social Democracy
the Liberal Party
kluby, restaurace, hotely
the Green Lion
the Hilton
kina, divadla
the ABC Cinema
the National Theatre
galerie, muzea
the Tate (Gallery)
the National Museum
len the je u zem v mnonm sle a u zem,
v jejich nzvu je obecn slovo state, republic,
kingdom. U ostatnch zem len nen.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland
Great Britain
England
The United States of America
California
zapamatuj si
len the je u poho a souostrov,
ale u jednotlivch hor a ostrov nen.
The Shetlands
Corsica
The Alps
Mount Everest
zapamatuj si
the south
South America
tahk
Svtov strany jsou vdy
se lenem the a pedlokou in.
in the west na zpad
zapamatuj si
Pamtihodnosti v Londn:
Buckingham Palace
Westminster Abbey
St Pauls Cathedral
The Houses of Parliament
The Tower of London
poznmka
15
The
noviny
the Times
the Daily Mirror
ped zkratkami
the UN
the BBC
u vraz s of
the Houses of Parliament
the Tower of London
the Bank of England
the University of London
Cvien 1.9. Doplte do vraz len the tam,
kde je teba.
1) . . . . . . . United Kingdom
2) . . . . . . . Sahara Desert
3) . . . . . . . Lake Ontario
4) . . . . . . . Buckingham Palace
5) . . . . . . . Oxford Street
6) . . . . . . . Indian Ocean
7) . . . . . . . Swiss Alps
8) . . . . . . . Danube
9) . . . . . . . USA
10) . . . . . . . Heathrow
11) . . . . . . . Guardian
12) . . . . . . . Europe
13) . . . . . . . Westminster Abbey
14) . . . . . . . Houses of Parliament
15) . . . . . . . National Theatre
16) . . . . . . . English Channel
17) . . . . . . . Netherlands
18) . . . . . . . Etna
19) . . . . . . . Canary Islands
20) . . . . . . . Brave Lion Pub
21) . . . . . . . Rocky Mountains
22) . . . . . . . Tower
23) . . . . . . . Lloyds Bank
24) . . . . . . . Middle East
25) . . . . . . . Conservative party
26) . . . . . . . UN
27) . . . . . . . Northern America
28) . . . . . . . Bank of England
29) . . . . . . . Mediterranean
30) . . . . . . . Trafalgar Square
Test 1
1) A woman whose job is to bring food to costumers at
their tables in a restaurant is a . . . . . . .
A) waiter B) waitress C) waiteress D) servant
2) We had paid all our debts and there . . . . . . . still some
money left.
A) are B) were C) was D)
3) My grandmother is a believer. She goes to . . . . . . .
church every Sunday.
A) a B) the C) an D)
4) . . . . . . . National Gallery is on . . . . . . . Trafalgar Square.
A) The, the B) , C) The, D) , the
5) We have been waiting here for . . . . . . .
A) half an hour B) half the hour
C) half a hour D) half hour
6) . . . . . . . Vegetables . . . . . . . healthy.
A) The, is B) The, are C) , is D) , are
7) . . . . . . . Rocky Mountains are in . . . . . . . west of . . . . . . .
North America.
A) The, the, the B) , ,
C) The, the, - D) The, ,
8) What . . . . . . . beautiful weather!
A) - B) a C) the D) is
9) There is . . . . . . . ugly man standing at . . . . . . . end
of . . . . . . . street.
A) a, a, a B) the, the, the
C) an, the, the D) an, the, a
10) You can either go by . . . . . . . tram or take . . . . . . . taxi.
A) , a B) a, a C) , D) a,
11) Can you pass me . . . . . . . salt? Its on the table.
A) B) a C) some D) the
12) Where . . . . . . . yesterdays newspaper? . . . . . . . on the
shelf.
A) are, They are B) is, It is
C) are, It is D) is, They are
16
13) Judith is looking for . . . . . . . job, but its difcult because
she hasnt got enough . . . . . . .
A) a, experience B) , experience
C) a, experiences D) , experiences
14) Lets have . . . . . . . dinner at . . . . . . . Tokyo Restaurant.
A) , the B) a, C) a, the D) ,
15) . . . . . . . Hyde Park is one of . . . . . . . largest parks in . . . . . .
world.
C) , the, the D) , the,
16) We had a lot of . . . . . . .
A) luggages B) luggage
C) suitcase D) piece of luggage
17) . . . . . . . Middle East is the area from . . . . . . . eastern
Mediterranean to . . . . . . . Iran.
C) The, the, D) The, , the
18) The underground is by far . . . . . . . most reliable . . . . . . .
of transport.
A) the, mean B) the, means C) a, mean D) a, means
19) . . . . . . . door . . . . . . . painted red.
A) A, have been B) The, have been
C) The, has been D) A, has been
20) Money kept at . . . . . . . Lloyds Bank . . . . . . . safe.
A) the, are B) the, is C) , are D) , is
21) . . . . . . . have a son. He is . . . . . . . lawyer.
A) The Browns, a B) The Browns, a
C) Browns, a D) The Browns, a
22) . . . . . . . English Channel separates . . . . . . . England from
. . . . . . . France.
A) , , B) The, the, the
C) , the, the D) The, ,
23) Washington is . . . . . . . capital of . . . . . . . United States of
America.
A) the, the B) a, C) the, D) a, the
24) . . . . . . English is spoken all over . . . . . . . world.
A) The, the B) , C) The, D) , the
25) How many . . . . . . . of bread shall I buy?
A) loaf B) loaves C) loafs D) loavs
17
2. Pdavn jmna
STUPOVN
a) pponami er, the est
high higher the highest
narrow narrower the narrowest
jednoslabin a dvouslabin zakonen nay, -ow, -er,
-el, -le
Zmny v pravopisu
1. Koncov e odpad
large larger the largest
2. Koncov y se po souhlsce mn na i
silly sillier
ale vjimky
shy shyer the shyest
sly slyer the slyest
3. Zdvojen koncov souhlsky
big bigger the biggest
!
Pdavn jmna zakonen na-y se stupuj pponami,
ale pslovce zakonen na ly se stupuj opisem.
friendly friendlier the friendliest
slowly more slowly most slowly
b) opisem more, the most
boring more boring the most boring
dvou a vceslabin
Tet stupe pdavnch jmen s neuritm lenem mn
vznam.
It was the most amusing play. Byla to ta nejzbavnj hra.
It was a most amusing play. Byla to velmi zbavn hra.
Nkter pdavn jmna se mohou stupovat i pponami
i opisem.
common, handsome, cruel, quiet, modern
c) nepravideln stupovn
good
dobr
better
lep
the best
nejlep
well
dobe
better
lpe
the best
nejlpe
bad
patn
worse
hor
the worst
nejhor
little
mal
mlo
less
men
mn
the least
nejmen
nejmn
much
hodn
more
vce
the most
nejvce
many
hodn
more
vce
the most
nejvce
late
pozdn
pozd
later
pozdj
pozdji
the latest
nejnovj
nejpozdji
late latter
ten druh
the last
posledn
far
vzdlen
daleko
farther
(mstn)
vzdlenj
dle
the farthest
nejvzdlenj
nejdle
far further
(v poad)
dal
dle
the furthest
nejvzdlenj
nejdle
Pdavn jmno old se pro leny te rodiny me
stupovat i nsledovn.
old elder the eldest
Po tomto tvaru mus vdy
nsledovat podstatn jmno.
My elder brother is 20.
Mmu starmu bratrovi je 20.
pikantnost
happy happier the happiest
zapamatuj si
18

Frze
at least alespo, pinejmenm
at last konen
not in the least ani v nejmenm
last but not least v neposledn ad
the former, the latter ten prvn jmenovan, ten druh
the latest news nejnovj zprvy
Lesser Town Mal Strana
at most nanejv
most teachers vtina uitel
Vrazy
n as-as tak jako
He is as old as his cousin.
n not as-as ne tak jako
He is not as old as his cousin.
n not so-as ne tak jako
He is not so old as his cousin.
n than ne
He is older than his cousin.
You are taller than me. = You are taller than I am.
n the, the m, tm
The more you have, the more you want.
m vc m, tm vc chce.
Zesilovn 2. a 3. stupn
much, far, a lot mnohem
even jet
by far zdaleka
very velmi
He is by far the best student of all.
Je zdaleka nejlep student ze vech.
It is even worse than we expected.
Je to jet hor, ne jsme ekali.
Zeslabovn 1. a 2. stupn
less mn
a bit trochu, o nco
a little trochu, o nco
a little bit trochu, o nco
slightly trochu, o nco
Do it a little bit better.
Udlej to o nco lpe.
He is less hard working than he used to be.
Je mn piln, ne bval.
I am going slightly mad.
Trochu mi hrabe.
the latest book nejnovj kniha
the last bus posledn autobus
vysvtlivka
the most people nejvce lid
most people vtina lid
zapamatuj si
than ne
as-as tak jako
the, the m, tm
zapamatuj si
19
Cvien 2.1. Vystupujte nsledujc pdavn jmna.
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
big . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
large . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lazy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
crowded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
busy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
far . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
fat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
amusing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
little . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
contented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lovely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
easy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
thin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dangerous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
safe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
often . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
narrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
funny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
slow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
interesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
near . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cvien 2.2. Doplte do vt vrazy as-as nebo than. Vty pepite.
1) Jim is older Paul.
Jim is older than Paul
2) Fiona isnt tall Suzy.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Are you good at English your brother?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) I dont have many friends you.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Jeremy is younger his wife.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) A cheetah is faster a lion.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
7) Was it bad you expected?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Can Paul play squash well Charles?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) We are busy last year.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) This house is more expensive that one.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cvien 2.3. Pelote nsledujc vty.
1) Bylo to mnohem hor, ne jsme ekali.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Jak jsou nejnovj zprvy?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Mj bratr je o trochu thlej ne m sestra.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Jsi stejn dobr zpvk jako tvj otec.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) m dle mluvte, tm mn rozumme.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) m dve, tm lpe.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) To je zdaleka nejlep vtip, jak jsem kdy slyel.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Nae nov auto je mnohem rychlej, ale mn pohodln.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) Jsi opravdu tak dobr brank, jak kaj?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) Nebu tak hloup jako ona.

PDAVN JMNA A PEDLOKY
st = something
sb = somebody
vysvtlivka
AT
good at st shocked at (by) st
excellent at st surprised at (by) st
brilliant at st astonished at (by)st
bad at st amazed at (by) st
hopeless at st
I was shocked at what he had done.
Byl jsem okovn tm, co udlal.
21
Nkter pdavn jmna maj vazbu s rznmi pedlokami.
He is nice to his mother. Je mil na svou matku.
It is nice of him. Je to od nj mil.
OF
proud of st kind of sb
aware of st rude of sb
conscious of st stupid of sb
accused of st suspicious of st, sb
tired of st ashamed of st, sb
afraid of st, sb capable of st
terrifed of st, sb incapable of st
scared of st, sb typical of sb
jealous of st, sb independent of
envious of st, sb fond of
nice of sb
They were jealous of my success.
rlili na m spchy.
Nkter anglick pdavn
jmna s pedlokou se do etiny
pekldaj slovesnou vazbou.
I am afraid of spiders.
Bojm se pavouk.
She has nothing to be ashamed of.
Nem se za co stydt.
vysvtlivka
TO
engaged to sb good to sb
married to sb nice to sb
similar to st, sb cruel to sb
addicted to st
Be nice to her.
Bu na ni mil.
Its nice of you. Je to od tebe mil.
Be nice to me. Bu na m mil.
zapamatuj si
WITH
fed up with st, sb pleased with st
angry with sb disappointed with st
crowded with sb satisfed with st
bored with st, sb delighted with st
I am fed up with it!
U toho mm dost!
FOR
famous for st responsible for st, sb
sorry for sb
Who is responsible for it?
Kdo je za to zodpovdn?
ABOUT
angry about st happy about st
worried about st nervous about st
excited about st sorry about st
Why is she worried about it?
Pro se tm znepokojuje?
angry about st zlobit se kvli nemu
angry with sb zlobit se na nkoho
zajmavost
ON
keen on st, sb dependent on st, sb
He isnt keen on sports.
Nem rd sport.
IN
interested in st
Jef is interested in languages.
Jef se zajm o jazyky.
22
I am sorry about it. Je mi to lto.
I feel sorry for him. Je mi ho lto.
I am sorry for disturbing you. Omoluvm se, e jsem vs
vyruil.
Dont be angry about it! Neroziluj se kvli tomu!
Dont be angry with me! Nezlob se na m!
Cvien 2.4. Doplte do vt pedloky.
1) Why did you do that? It was stupid . . . . . . . you.
2) You should be aware . . . . . . . it.
3) She said she was fed up . . . . . . . his behaviour.
4) He is tired . . . . . . . doing the same job every day.
5) Do you know that James is engaged. . . . . . . an
Australian girl?
6) Parents are always proud . . . . . . . their children.
7) When he is drunk he is capable . . . . . . . saying rude
things.
8) There is nothing to be ashamed . . . . . . .
9) They dont seem worried . . . . . . . the situation.
10) We were amazed . . . . . . . how calm she was.
11) He is always suspicious . . . . . . . my intentions.
12) I am sorry . . . . . . . her. She has so many health
problems.
13) Stop being angry . . . . . . . me.
14) The streets were crowded . . . . . . . people.
15) She is getting married next month. She is excited
. . . . . . . it.
16) Samantha is jealous . . . . . . . her sisters good look.
17) The flm was horrible. We were really disappointed
. . . . . . . it.
18) I wish I were independent . . . . . . . my parents.
19) This car is similar . . . . . . . mine.
20) Ben is addicted . . . . . . . drugs.
SLOVOSLED
Je-li ve vt vce pdavnch jmen, uvdj se nejdve p-
davn jmna vyjadujc subjektivn nzor, potom pdavn
jmna konkrtn.
nzor velikost st tvar
a nice big old round
barva pvod materil el podst. jm.
black Chinese wooden dining table
Cvien 2.5. Dejte pdavn jmna do sprvnho poad.
1) a BLACK / SPORTS / NEW car
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) a(n) OLD / FRENCH / INTERESTING book
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) a GREEN / BIG / PLASTIC bag
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) a CHINA / SMALL / WHITE cup
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) a(n) JAPANESE / WRITING / OLD desk
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) a(n) SWISS / WOODEN / ANTIQUE clock.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) a GLASS / MODERN / RETCANGULAR table . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) a BIG / YELLOW / FUNNY umbrella
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) a(n) TALL / YOUNG / INTERESTING man
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) CURLY / DARK / LONG hair
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PDAVN JMNA ZAKONEN NA -ED A -ING
V anglitin se nkter pdavn jmna tvo ze sloves p-
ponami ed a ing. Jedn se v podstat o pest, ve vt
se vak chovaj jako pdavn jmna.
surprise
pekvapit
surprising
pekvapiv
surprised
pekvapen
bore
nudit
boring
nudn
bored
znudn
confuse
mst
confusing
matouc
confused
zmaten
tire
unavovat
tiring
navn
tired
unaven
disappoint
zklamat
disappointing
neuspokojujc
disappointed
zklaman
shock
okovat
shocking
okujc
shocked
okovan
embarrass
uvst do rozpak
embarrassing
trapn
embarrassed
v rozpacch
amuse
bavit
amusing
zbavn
amused
pobaven
23
amaze
asnout
amazing
asn
amazed
uasl
annoy
otravovat
annoying
otravn
annoyed
otrven
excite
vzruit
exciting
vzruujc
excited
vzruen
exhaust
vyerpat
exhausting
vyerpvajc
exhausted
vyerpan
disgust
znechutit
disgusting
nechutn
disgusted
znechucen
interest
zajmat
interesting
zajmav
interested
zaujat
At the end of his confusing speech we were really confused.
You look surprised. Was the news really so surprising?
Cvien 2.6. Doplte do vt sprvn tvar slov v rmeku.
confuse confuse surprise bore excite disappoint amaze disgust interest tire
1) He studied hard, so it is not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . he passed the exam.
2) They looked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , they didnt understand it at all.
3) Are you still so . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . about your new job?
4) She is so dirty and ugly, its . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Is he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in anything?
6) We loved it, it was simply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Jim was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . after the long journey.
8) The book was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I expected it to be much better.
9) I need a change. I am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with my job.
10) I have three friends of the same name-Paul. Sometimes it is a little . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
surprised pekvapen
surprising pekvapiv
zapamatuj si
bored jen osoby
boring osoby i vci
I was bored. Nudil jsem se.
Jack is so boring. Jack je tak nudn.
The flm was boring. Ten flm byl nudn.
tahk
Test 2
1) Peter is . . . . . . . student . . . . . . . all.
A) worst, of B) the worst, from
C) the worst, of D) worst, from
2) Is it better . . . . . . . you thought?
A) that B) then C) it D) than
3) My brother is hopeless . . . . . . . remembering names.
A) in B) at C) from D) of
4) His lecture was a little . . . . . . . We didnt understand it.
A) confusing B) confused C) amazing D) amazed
5) They bought a(n) . . . . . . . car last month.
A) black new estate B) estate new black
C) new black estate D) new estate black
6) You look. . . . . . . . What has happened?
A) surprise B) surprising C) surprises D) surprised
7) The store will be closed until . . . . . . . notice.
A) farther B) latest C) further D) last
8) When does . . . . . . . bus to Oxford leave?
A) last B) the last C) latest D) the latest
24
9) The book was . . . . . . . than the flm.
A) much more interesting B) much interesting
C) more much interesting D) less more interesting
10) The weather in the UK is . . . . . . . than on the
Continent.
A) little wetter B) little weter
C) a little weter D) a little wetter
11) Jill is . . . . . . . actress ever.
A) far the best B) far best
C) by far best D) by far the best
12) . . . . . . . the children got . . . . . . . the teacher got.
A) The noisier, the angrier B) Noisier, angrier
C) The more noisy, the more angry
D) More noisier, more angry
13) Paul is jealous . . . . . . . his friend who is more
successful.
A) of B) at C) to D) from
14) It was stupid . . . . . . . you to do that again.
A) from B) of C) to D) with
15) Do you know the . . . . . . . girl over there?
A) pretty young tall B) young pretty tall
C) tall pretty young D) pretty tall young
16) How . . . . . . . I couldnt remember her name.
A) embarrassed B) embarrassing
C) exhausting D) exhausted
17) I have two brothers, Jim and Fred. . . . . . . . is 20, . . . . . . .
is 25.
A) The frst, the second B) The former, the later
C) The former, the latter D) The frst, the later
18) I expected more. I was slightly . . . . . . . with it.
A) disappointing B) disappointed
C) ashamed D) scared
19) Peters guitar is . . . . . . . than Johns.
A) much more loud B) much loud
C) more loud D) much louder
20) It will be expensive. It will cost 1, 000 . . . . . . .
A) at least B) at the least
C) at most D) at the most
25
3. Zjmena
a) OSOBN
podmtov tvar pedmtov tvar
j I me
ty you you
on he him
ona she her
ono it it
my we us
vy you you
oni they them
Where are they? Kde jsou?
I cannot see them. Nevidm je.
b) PIVLASTOVAC
nesamostatn
stojc
samostatn
stojc
I my mine
you your yours
he his his
she her hers
it its its
we our ours
you your yours
they their theirs
This is my book. Toto je m kniha.
This book is mine. Tato kniha je m.
Samostatn stojc pivlastovac zjmena se pouvaj tak
v nsledujcch frzch:
one of my friends = a friend of mine
one of your friends = a friend of yours
one of his friend = a friend of his
one of her friends = a friend of hers
one of your friends = a friend of yours
one of our friends = a friend of ours
one of their friends = a friend of theirs
Pozor na astou chybu! a friend of him his
Cvien 3.1. Doplte do vt osobn nebo pivlastovac
zjmena.
1) I have known Lucy for ages but I have never
met . . . . . . . . . . brother.
2) Does this luggage belong to the Parkers? Yes,
it is . . . . . . . . . .
3) Do you know Jack and Jill? No, I have never
met . . . . . . . . . .
4) We need your help. Can you help . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) We are giving a housewarming party next week and
we are going to invite all . . . . . . . . . . friends.
6) Is this sweater Toms? No, it isnt . . . . . . . . . .
7) Cambridge is famous for . . . . . . . . . . university.
8) This is not my bag. This bag isnt . . . . . . . . . .
9) I left my umbrella at home. Can you lend me . . . . . . . . . .?
10) I am afraid we cant help you. Its your problem,
not . . . . . . . . . .
Cvien 3.2. Pepite nsledujc vty. Pouijte
samostatn stojc pivlastovac zjmena.
1) I saw one of your friends last night.
I saw a friend of yours last night.
2) Jim took one of my pens by mistake.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) One of their fans called them a week ago.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) We were there with three of our friends.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Who is it? Kdo je to?
Its me. To jsem j.
pikantnost
This is my dog. To je mj pes.
This dog is mine. Ten pes je mj.
zapamatuj si
26
5) Lucas is having dinner with one of his girlfriends.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c) UKAZOVAC
jednotn slo mnon slo
this tento
tato
toto
these tito
tyto
tato
that tamten
tamta
tamto
those tamti
tamty
tamta
This car is blue. Toto auto je modr.
That car is white. Tamto auto je bl.
These houses are old. Tyto domy jsou star.
Those houses are new. Tamty domy jsou nov.
Cvien 3.3. Dejte nsledujc vty do mnonho sla.
1) Do you like this house?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Is that book yours?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Excuse me, is this your suitcase?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) This man is weird.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) That girl is my best friend.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d) ZVRATN A ZDRAZOVAC -SELF
j I myself
ty you yourself
on he himself
ona she herself
ono it itself
my we ourselves
vy you yourselves
oni they themselves
1. zvratn
odpovdaj eskmu se, si
hurt oneself zranit se
excuse oneself omluvit se
introduce oneself pedstavit se
enjoy oneself bavit se
kill oneself zabt se
shoot oneself zastelit se
cut oneself znout se
burn oneself split se
think to oneself pomyslet si
say to oneself ci si
make oneself understood dorozumt se
help oneself poslouit si
She smiled and thought to herself what a beautiful day.
Usmla se a pomyslela si, jak krsn den.
Help yourselves, children.
Poslute si, dti.
ale
slovesa zvratn v etin bez self
wash mt se
comb esat se
shave holit se
feel ctit se
dress oblci se
turn otoit se
change zmnit se
this boy these boys
that girl those girls
tahk
Zjmeno this se pouv pi telefonovn
a pi pedstavovn.
Hello, this is James.
Hal, tady James.
Paula, this is my friend Sarah.
Pavlo, toto je moje ptelkyn Sra.
zajmavost
27
happen stt se
behave chovat se
close zavrat se
open otvrat se
hide schovat se
laugh smt se
smile usmvat se
concentrate soustedit se
relax odpoinout si
meet potkat se
He got up, washed and shaved.
Vstal, umyl se a oholil se.
2. zdrazovac
odpovdaj eskmu sm, osobn
kladou se za zdrazovan vtn len nebo na konec vty
He did it himself. Udlal to sm. (osobn)
He himself did it. Udlal to sm. (osobn)
ale
He was there alone. Byl tam sm. (bez nikoho)
Cvien 3.4. Doplte do tabulky zvratn zjmena.
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
e) RECIPRON EACH OTHER, ONE ANOTHER
odpovdaj eskmu se, si ve smyslu vzjemn
We know each other. Znme se. (vzjemn)
ale
We know ourselves. Znme se. (sami sebe)
Cvien 3.5. Doplte do vt -self / -selves nebo each
other nebo nechte mezeru przdnou.
1) We have never seen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . before.
2) Look at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the mirror, John.
3) Why are you so selfsh, children? You think only
about . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) She is good at languages.
She can make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . understood in
English, French and Spanish.
5) Linda got up, washed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and made
breakfast.
6) At Christmas people give . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
presents.
7) Can I have some more ice cream?
Sure, help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Friends should help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) The shop closes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at seven.
10) The flm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . was good, but I didnt
like the music at all.
-self -selves
Help yourself. Help yourselves.
Poslu si. Poslute si.
vysvtlivka
each other = one another
James and Pet dont like each other. =
= James and Pet dont like one another.
James a Pet se nemaj rdi.
poznmka
They are selfsh. They think only about themselves.
Jsou sobet. Mysl jen na sebe.
They are in love. They think only about each other.
Jsou zamilovan. Mysl jen jeden na druhho.
zajmavost
28
f) TZAC
who kdo
whom kdo po pedlokch
whose
which kter
what co, jak
Who did she go there with? S km tam la?
Whose car is it? je to auto?
What do you mean by that? Co tm mn?
What is you favourite colour? Jak je tv oblben barva?
Cvien 3.6. Dolpte do otzek tzac zjmena.
1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is your favourite colour, red or orange?
2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . colour are his eyes?
3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is the longest river- the Amazon or the
Mississippi?
4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is the capital of Peru?
5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brother is Peter?
6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is your favourite pop group?
7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is the tallest person in your family?
8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . are they talking about? About cars.
9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . are they talking to? To Mary.
10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is the weather like in England?
g) VZTAN
who kter, jen (ivotn)
whom kter, jen (ivotn po pedloce)
which kter, jen, co (neivotn)
that kter, jen (ivotn i neivotn)
whose jeho (ivotn i neivotn)
what to, co
This is the song whose words I cant remember.
This is the song the words of which I cant remember.
To je ta pse, jej slova si nemohu zapamatovat.
h) NEURIT
SOME
njak, nkolik, trochu
v kladn oznamovac vt
v otzce pobdka, dost
There are some books on the table.
Na stole jsou njak knihy.
Will you have some more tea?
D si jet aj?
ANY
njak v otzce
dn v zporu (sloveso je zporn)
jakkoli, kterkoli v kladn oznamovac vt
Are there any books on the table?
Jsou na stole njak knihy?
There arent any books on the table.
Na stole nejsou dn knihy.
Do it any time.
Udlej to kdykoli.
whose whos
Whose brother is it? Whos your best friend?
je to bratr? Kdo je tvj nejlep ptel?
tahk
who osoby
which vci
that osoby i vci
tahk
Prostudujte si tak kapitolu
Vztan vty na stran 125
odkaz
some kladn vta
any zporn vta, otzka
+

There are some oranges in the fridge.
? Are there any oranges in the fridge?
There arent any oranges in the fridge.
tahk
29
SLOENINY
somebody, someone
anybody, anyone
nobody, no-one
everybody, everyone
osoby
something
anything
nothing
everything
vci
somewhere
anywhere
nowhere
everywhere
msto
Somebody brought it. Nkdo to pinesl.
It was everywhere. Bylo to vude.
NO dn sloveso je kladn
There are no books on the table.
Na stole nejsou dn knihy.
Cvien 3.7. Doplte do vt some, any, no
nebo jejich sloeniny.
1)

Do you have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for me? Yes, a fower.
2)

Will you have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . more cofee?
No, thanks.
3)

Is there . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . milk left?
4)

He never does . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . work.
5)

What would you like? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., I dont mind.
6)

Calm down, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . really happened.
7)

It looked serious, but fortunately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . got
injured.
8)

There is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at the door. Who could it be?
9)

We would like to go . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hot in the
summer.
10)

Ben has to walk to school because there
is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bus.
NONE dn samostatn stojc
Are there any books on the table? No, there are none.
Jsou na stole njak knihy? Ne, dn.
EVERY kad (bez vjimky)
I was there every day.
Byl jsem tam kad den.
dme-li o nco nebo nabzme-li nco,
pouvme i v otzce some.
Can I have some sugar, please?
Mohu dostat cukr, prosm?
Will you have some tea?
Dte si aj?
zajmavost
Any v kladn vt znamen jakkoli.
Which newspaper do you want? Jak chce noviny?
Any, I dont mind. Jakkoli, je mi to jedno.
zajmavost
There are no boys in our class. =
= There arent any boys in our class.
poznmka
Je-li zjmeno podmtem
na zatku zporn vty, mus
bt v zpornm tvaru toto zjmeno, nikoli sloveso.
Nobody knew how to do it.
Nikdo nevdl, jak to udlat.
Nelze
Anybody didnt know how to do it.
vysvtlivka
Are there any girls in your class?
No, there are no girls. = No, (there are) none.
poznmka
30
EACH kad (jednotliv)
Each of us understood it in a diferent way.
Kad z ns tomu rozuml jinak.
ELSE jet, jin (po tzacch a neuritch zjmenech)
what else? co jet?
who else? kdo jet?
how else? jak jinak?
someone else nkdo jin
ALL cel, vechen, vichni
I was there all day.
Byl jsem tam cel den.
All the audience applauded.
Vichni tleskali.
BOTH oba
Both my children were sick last week.
Ob m dti byly minul tden nemocn.
EITHER jeden i, nebo druh
There are houses on either side of the the street.
Na obou stranch (na jedn i druh stran) ulice jsou domy.
Would you like tea or cofee? Either, I dont mind.
D si aj, nebo kvu? Jedno nebo druh, je mi to jedno.
NEITHER ani jeden, ani druh, dn (ze dvou)
I met two people at the station. Neither of them knew
when my train leaves.
Na ndra jsem potkal dva lidi. Ani jeden nevdl, kdy mi jede
vlak.
ONE, ONES zstupn zjmeno
I like this car, but I dont like that one (= that car).
Lb se mi toto auto, ale tamto (auto) ne.
I dont like the green trousers, but I quite like the blue ones.
Ty zelen kalhoty se mi nelb, ale ty modr se mi celkem lb.
Cvien 3.8. Doplte do vt zjmena z rmeku.
none neither each every all
either one ones both else
V obchod i restauraci asto uslyme frzi
Anything else? Jet nco?
Nesmme ji zamnit s frz
Is that all? Je to ve?
pikantnost
eitheror bu a nebo
He is either stupid or lazy.
Je bu hloup, a nebo ln.
poznmka
Neither je zporn zjmeno,
proto mus bt sloveso kladn.
Neither of them could do it.
Ani jeden z nich to nemohl udlat.
vysvtlivka
neither dn, ani jeden ze dvou
none dn, ani jeden z vce
Neither of us was there.
Ani jeden z ns (2) tam nebyl.
None of us was there.
Ani jeden z ns (vce) tam nebyl.
poznmka
Po vrazech these a those
se zjmeno ones nepouv.
I like this house but I dont like that one.
I like these houses but I dont like those.
zajmavost
31
Cvien 3.9. Doplte do vt vrazy z rmeku.
other others another the other the others
1) I broke his knife. I am afraid I will have to buy
him . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one.
2) This bike is OK, but . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one is bad.
3) You shouldnt expect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to do your
work.
4) Is there any . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . possibility?
5) Only one review of the flm was positive,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . were negative.
i) VRAZY MNOSTV MUCH, MANY
PODSTATN JMNA
poitateln nepoitateln
many books
mnoho
knih
much snow hodn snhu
a lot of books
spousta
knih
a lot of snow spousta snhu
lots of books
spousty
knih
lots of snow spousty snhu
few books
mlo
knih
little snow mlo snhu
a few books
pr,
nkolik
knih
a little snow trochu snhu
1) Jane and Hannah were late. They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . arrived at 10.
2) They tried two hotels, but . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of them had vacancies.
3) I promise, I will do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I can.
4) She goes to the hairdressers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . three weeks.
5) No-one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . could do it.
6) Which pears do you want? The green . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you say sorry to him or you will have to leave.
8) There were a lot of people, but . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of them helped.
9) Which movie did you watch last night? The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with James Dean.
10) There are several cars in front of the school. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of them is a diferent colour.
OTHER, ANOTHER
ped podstatnm jmnem
mnon slo
bez podstatnho jmna
nepoitateln
other work
jin, dal prce
the other work
ta druh prce
poitateln
another boy
jin, dal,
jet jeden chlapec
the other boy
ten druh chlapec
other boys
jin chlapci,
dal chlapci
the other boys
ti druz chlapci
others
jin,
dal
the others
ti druz
an + other = another
vysvtlivka
Can I have another cup of cofee? Mohu dostat jet jeden lek kvy?
I have some other work to do. Mm nco jinho na prci.
The other girl is clever. Ta druh dvka je chytr.
32
Vraz much se pouv v otzce a zporn vt.
There wasnt much snow in the mountains.
Na horch nebylo moc snhu.
Ostatn vrazy se pouvaj ve vech typech vt.
Do you have many friends? = Do you have a lot of friends?
= Do you have lots of friends?
M hodn ptel?
Cvien 3.10. Doplte do vt much, many, few, little,
a few, a little.
1) We dont have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . information, I am afraid.
2) I have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . time, I cant wait.
3) There was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . snow in the mountains,
so we could still ski.
4) There werent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . guests at the party.
Only about 5.
5) I have got . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . friends, its good to know
that.
6) There isnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to do in our town.
7) Shall we eat out tonight? Sorry, I have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
money.
8) He passed the exam even though he made . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . mistakes.
9) The streets were almost empty.
There were . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . people there.
10) Have you got any money on you?
Yes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Test 3
1) Does it belong to Bill and Sam? No, it isnt . . . . . . .
A) their B) them C) theirs D) they
2) Would you like cofee or tea? . . . . . . ., I dont mind.
A) Neither B) Either C) None D) Each
3) Could you help me fnd . . . . . . . glove?
A) another B) other C) others D) the other
4) There were a lot of people, but unfortunately . . . . . . . of
them helped him.
A) none B) neither C) all D) each
5) Who was that? A friend of . . . . . . .
A) us B) our C) ours D) them
6) Lets go shopping. There is . . . . . . . butter left.
A) no B) nothing C) any D) anything
7) We have got . . . . . . . apples, we can make apple pie.
A) a little B) little C) a few D) few
8) It isnt here, it must be . . . . . . . .
A) anywhere else B) somewhere else
C) nowhere else D) something else
9) . . . . . . . of you has broken the window?
A) Who B) Which C) What D) Whose
10) Jane, look at . . . . . . . in the mirror, you look horrible.
A) yourself B) herself C) yourselves D) themself
11) Who are . . . . . . . young ladies over there?
A) these B) this C) those D) that
12) Rick doesnt believe it . . . . . . .
A) himself B) itself C) each other D) herself
13) Alison and Daniel have known . . . . . . . for ages.
A) themselves B) himself
C) herself D) each other
14) . . . . . . . luggage is it? Toms or Bills?
A) Whose B) What C) Who D) Whom
15) He didnt have . . . . . . . reason to say that.
A) no B) some C) any D) anything
16) The building has seven foors and there are fve ofces
on . . . . . . . foor.
A) every B) each C) all D) both
17) I read two books by Ian Mc Ewan, but . . . . . . . of them in
English.
A) either B) no C) neither D) none
18) Let me tell you . . . . . . . words about it.
A) a few B) a little C) few D) little
19) I need . . . . . . . month to fnish the project.
A) the other B) other C) another D) else
20) Do you like the brown shoes? No, I like the black . . . . . . .
A) one B) ones C) them D) others

many
few poitateln
a few
much
little nepoitateln
a little
tahk
33
4. slovky
a) ZKLADN
0 nought matematick veliina
zero rovnice, stupn
nil hovorov, ve sportu
o telefon

21 twenty-one atd.
100 one hundred
236 two hundred and thirty-six
1,000 one thousand
1,000,000 one million
1,000,000,000 one milliard GB
one billion US
2.45 two point four fve
Destky a jednotky se spojuj spojovnkem:
twenty-one
thirty-seven
sixty-eight
Stovky a destky, pop. jednotky se spojuj and:
three hundred and seventy-two
nine hundred and three
one hundred and twelve
Skupiny t slic se oddluj rkou:
3,000 three thousand
5,126,400 fve million one hundred and twenty-six
thousand four hundred
2,500,457 two million fve hundred thousand four
hundred and ffty-seven
Hundred, thousand, million nemaj po uritch slovkch
tvar mnonho sla:
two hundred
fve thousand
seven million
ale
hundreds of people stovky lid
Desetinn sla se p s desetinnou tekou:
3.64 three point six four
50.05 ffty point o fve
0.5 nought point fve
Cvien 4.1. Napite nsledujc sla slovy.
1) 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) 78 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) 98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) 51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
5 fve
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine
10 ten
11 eleven
12 twelve
13 thirteen
1319 -teen
15 ffteen
20 twenty
30 thirty
40 forty
50 ffty
6090 -ty
Mezi destkou a jednotkou se pe
spojovnk. 23 = twenty-three
zapamatuj si
Mezi stovkou a destkou se te and.
372 = three hundred and seventy-two
zapamatuj si
fve hundred people pt set lid
hundreds of people stovky lid
tahk
rka oddluje skupinu t slic.
Teka oddluje desetinn sla.
3,256 three thousand two hundred and ffty-six
3.256 three point two fve six
zajmavost
34
7) 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) 897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) 6,259 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) 8,900,820 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) 129 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) 2.58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) 7,000,216 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) ADOV
1-st the frst prvn
2-nd the second druh
3-rd the third tet
4-th the fourth tvrt
4 a ve +th
7-th the seventh sedm
zmny v pravopisu
fve 5-th ffth
nine 9-th ninth
twelve 12-th twelfth
twenty 20-th twentieth
sloen slovky
21-st the twenty-frst
36-th the thirty-sixth
U adovch slovek psanch slic se v anglitin nikdy
nepe na rozdl od etiny teka.
the 1st
the 2nd
the 30th
msk slice u jmen panovnk se te jako adov slovka
Henry VIII Henry the Eighth
Elizabeth I Elizabeth the First
Cvien 4.2. Napite k zkladnm slovkm slovky
adov.
1) one the frst 1st
2) twelve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) fve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) forty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) ffty-four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) thirty-nine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) seventy-three . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) twenty-two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) ffty-one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c) NSOBN
jednou once
dvakrt twice
tikrt three times
tikrt a ve +times
d) ZLOMKY
1/2 one half
1/3 one third
1/4 one quarter
1. the 1st the frst
2. the 2nd the second
3. the 3rd the third
4. the 4th the fourth
tahk
WW I = World War One = The First World War
WW II = World War Two = the Second World War
pikantnost
Ped adovou slovkou je urit len.
the frst prvn
poznmka
35
2/5 two ffths
32/74 thirty-two over seventy-four
Pouit zlomk:
half a kilo pl kila
half an hour pl hodiny
a quarter of an hour tvrt hodiny
three and a half days ti a pl dne
three quarters of a mile ti tvrtiny mle
Cvien 4.3. Spojte vrazy z obou sloupek.
1) four times A) 1
2) four ffths B) 4
3) three quarters C) 2
4) four over ffteen D) 3/20
5) twice E) 3/4
6) once F) 2/3
7) two thirds G) 1/2
8) one half H) 4/15
9) three point four I) 4/5
10) three over twenty J) 3.4
e) DATA A LETOPOTY
21/03/1964 21 March, 1964
21. 3. 1964 March 21st, 1964
21st March, 1964 March 21, 1964
te se
1. March, the twenty-frst, nineteen-sixty-four
2. the twenty-frst of March, nineteen-sixty-four
Hundred se v letopotu te, je-li v jeho prvn i druh sti
slo men ne deset
1905 nineteen hudred and fve (nineteen o fve)
863 eight hundred and sixty-three
19th century devatenct stolet
BC Before Christ ped nam letopotem
AD Anno Domini naeho letopotu
pedloky
on the twenty-frst of March
in 1964
in March
Data se p odlin v britsk
a americk anglitin.
UK US CZ
03/05/2006 05/03/2006 3. kvtna 2006
pikantnost
Rok 2006 se te:
two thousand (and) six
(two thousand o six)
poznmka
date datum
day den
month msc
year rok
century stolet
zajmavost
January leden
February nor
March bezen
April duben
May kvten
June erven
July ervenec
August srpen
September z
October jen
November listopad
December prosinec
tahk
36
Cvien 4.4. Pepite nsledujc data slovy.
1) 26/ 05/ 2005
the twenty-sixth of May two thousand (and) fve
2) 17. 11. 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) 4th July 1776 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) 15. 3. 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) 1534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) 1620 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) 55 BC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) 43 AD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) 1066 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) 3. 6. 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
f) MATEMATICK SYMBOLY
3 + 3 = 6 three plus three equals (is) six
5 2 = 3 fve minus two equals (is) three
2 5 = 10 two multiplied by fve equals (is) ten
20 : 10 = 2 twenty divided by ten equals (is) two
2
2
= 4 two squared equals (is) four
4 = 2 the square root of four equals (is) two

50 % ffty per cent
45 forty-fve degrees
Cvien 4.5. Pepite slovy.
1) 90 %
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) 6 + 12 = 18
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) 5 6 = 30
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) 35 : 7 = 5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5)
16 = 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) 5
2
= 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ninety per cent
37
5. Pomocn slovesa
BE, HAVE, DO
Pomocn slovesa pomhaj tvoit asy, otzky, zpor,
trpn rod. Pouvaj se v tzacch dovtcch a v krtkch
odpovdch.
V hovorov anglitin se asto vyskytuj ve staench
tvarech.
a) BE
a) Tvo prbhov asy.
I am sitting.
They were driving.
He has been waiting for an hour.
b) Tvo trpn rod.
The room is decorated every year.
The car was made in Japan.
It will be said at the meeting.
ASOVN SLOVESA TO BE
ptomn as minul as budouc as
I am I was I will be
you are you were you will be
he is he was he will be
she is she was she will be
it is it was it will be
we are we were we will be
you are you were you will be
they are they were they will be
STAEN TVARY
ptomn as budouc as
I am Im I will be Ill be
you are youre you will be youll be
he is hes he will be hell be
she is shes she will be shell be
it is its it will be itll be
we are were we will be well be
you are youre you will be youll be
they are theyre they will be theyll be
Staen tvary jsou v anglitin ast, nemly by se vak
vyskytovat v psemnm projevu.
OTZKA
Otzka se tvo inverz.
+

He is sitting. ? Is he sitting?
+

He was born in 1960. ? When was he born?
Pomocn sloveso to be se pouv
pi tvoen prbhovch as a trpnho rodu.
I am listening to you.
It was said yesterday.
zapamatuj si
Pozor na astou chybu:
It will delivered tomorrow.
It will be delivered tomorrow.
pikantnost
I am = Im
you are = youre
he / she / it is = hes / shes / its
we are = were
you are = youre
they are = theyre
tahk
Apostrof v anglitin znamen,
e byla vynechna psmena.
Im bylo vynechno a
pikantnost
+

They are waiting.
? Are they waiting?
zapamatuj si
38
ZPOR
Zpor se tvo zporkou not.
He is not sitting. = He isnt sitting.
It was not said = It wasnt said.
She will not be there. = She wont be there.
Sloveso to be je tak vznamov sloveso bt.
They are waiting. pomocn
They are students. vznamov
b) HAVE
Pomocn sloveso have tvo perfektn asy (pedptomn,
pedminul, pedbudouc).
We have bought a new car.
ASOVN SLOVESA TO HAVE
I have I had I will have
you have you had you will have
he has he had he will have
she has she had she will have
it has it had it will have
we have we had we will have
you have you had you will have
they have they had they will have
STAEN TVARY
ptomn as minul as
I have Ive I had Id
you have youve you had youd
he has hes he had hed
she has shes she had shed
it has its it had
we have weve we had wed
you have youve you had youd
they have theyve they had theyd
budouc as
I will have Ill have
you will have youll have
he will have hell have
she will have shell have
it will have itll have
we will have well have
you will have youll have
they will have theyll have
+

It is raining.
It is not raining.= It isnt raining.
zapamatuj si
Frze How are you? je v anglicky mluvcch
zemch v podstat soust pozdravu.
Odpovd eskmu Jak se m? Jak se mte?
Mt se patn a jet se k tomu piznat
se povauje za nezdvoil, proto je
jedinou spoleensky pijatelnou
odpovd: Im fne. Fine.
zajmavost
Pomocn sloveso to have se pouv
pi tvoen perfektnch as:
I have never been there.
zapamatuj si
Sloveso have m stejn tvar pro vechny
osoby v minulm a budoucm ase.
V ptomnm ase m jin tvar
pro tet osobu jednotnho sla.
He has broken his leg.
vysvtlivka
39
OTZKA
+

She has bought it. ? Has she bought it?
ZPOR
Zpor se tvo zporkou not.
She has not bought it.= She hasnt bought it.
Sloveso to have je tak vznamov sloveso vlastnit, mt.
She has bought a new car. pomocn
She has a new car. vznamov
Vznamov sloveso to have got se pouv astji v britsk
anglitin.
+

She has got a new car.
? Has she got a new car?
She hasnt got a new car.
V americk anglitin se astji pouv vznamov
sloveso have.
+

She has a new car.
? Does she have a new car?
She doesnt have a new car.
V minulm ase se u vznamovho slovesa to have ( got)
tvo otzka a zpor pomoc did a didnt.
? Did she have short hair when she was 12?
She didnt have short hair when she was 12.
c) DO
a) Tvo otzku a zpor v ptomnm ase prostm a minu-
lm ase prostm.
? Do you understand?
He did not (= didn) know it.
b) V oznamovacch vtch kladnch zdrazuje vznamov
sloveso.
But I did understand it. Ale j jsem tomu rozuml.
ASOVN SLOVESA TO DO
I do I did I will do
you do you did you will do
he does he did he will do
she does she did she will do
it does it did it will do
we do we did we will do
you do you did you will do
they do they did they will do
I have = Ive
you have = youve
he / she / it has = hes / shes / its
we have = weve
you have = youve
they have = theyve
tahk
+

They have heard it.
? Have they heard it?
zapamatuj si
+

They have heard it.
They have not heard it. = They havent heard it.
zapamatuj si
Vznamov sloveso have got
(mt, vlastnit) je vlastn
pedptomn as slovesa get.
pikantnost
Pomocn sloveso to do se pouv pi
tvoen otzky a zporu v ptomnm
ase prostm a minulm ase prostm.
Do you always do it?
I dont know.
He didnt do it.
zapamatuj si
40
Sloveso do m stejn tvar pro vechny osoby v minulm
a budoucm ase.
V ptomnm ase m jin tvar pro tet osobu jednotnho
sla.
He never does it.
STAEN TVARY
budouc as
I will do Ill do
you wil do youll do
he will do hell do
she will do shell do
it will do itll do
we will do well do
you will do youll do
they will do theyll do
ZPOR
V zporu se asto pouvaj staen tvary.
I do not I dont
you do not you dont
he does not he doesnt
she does not she doesnt
it does not it doesnt
we do not we dont
you do not you dont
they do not they dont
Sloveso to do je tak vznamov sloveso dlat, konat.
Did you understand? pomocn
I did it yesterday. vznamov
Cvien 5.1. Doplte do vt pomocn slovesa
do, be, have ve sprvnm tvaru.
1) Did you hear it yesterday?
2) James . . . . . . . writing a letter to his uncle, not to his
father.
3) What . . . . . . . she do on Saturdays?
4) . . . . . . . you ever met him before?
5) Where . . . . . . . you born?
6) No, we . . . . . . . go by tram, we went by bus.
7) It . . . . . . . announced last week.
8) Matilda . . . . . . . never been to Europe.
9) They . . . . . . . in Mexico, they were in the USA.
10) How . . . . . . . you? Fine, thanks. And you?
Cvien 5.2. Opravte chyby ve vtch. Vty pepite.
1) Jim have never smoked a cigar.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) We didnt it last week, we did it the week before.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) The girls doesnt wear skirts to school.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) It said at the meeting last Tuesday.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) I promise, Ill there in time.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
will = ll
tahk
do not = dont
does not = doesnt
tahk
Pozor na astou chybu.
Do you it every day?
Do you do it every day?
They dont it very often.
They dont do it very often.
pikantnost
Frze How do you do? je soust
pedstavovn.
Odpovd piblin eskmu T m.
zajmavost
41
6. Modln slovesa
OPISY MODLNCH SLOVES
can to be able to moci
may to be allowed to smt
must to have to muset
a) CAN, COULD
Zpor: I cannot = cant neumm, nemohu
Opis: to be able to
Minul as: could
Podmiovac
zpsob:
could
Pouit:
a) schopnost, neschopnost
I can swim. Umm plavat.
I cannot (cant) swim. Neumm plavat.
b) dovolen, zkaz
I can sing. Mohu zpvat.
I cannot (cant) sing. Nemohu zpvat.
c) jistota v zporu (urit ne)
He cant be stupid. Urit nen hloup.
d) can + minul infnitiv div, jistota v minulosti
He cant have stolen it. Pece to neukradl.
He cant have understood it. Urit tomu nerozuml.
CAN COULD MAY MIGHT MUST NEED NOT SHALL SHOULD
OUGHT TO WILL WOULD USED TO DARE HAD BETTER WOULD RATHER
Modln slovesa modifkuj vznamov slovesa.
a) Vyjaduj urit stupe povinnosti i schopnosti
I must leave. Musm odejt.
I can swim. Umm plavat.
b) Vyjaduj urit stupe pravdpodobnosti.
He may come. Mon pijde.
It cant be true. To neme bt pravda.
Od ostatnch sloves se modln slovesa odliuj nsledujcmi zvltnostmi.
1) Nemaj s ve tet osob jednotnho sla She must do it.
2) Otzka a zpor se netvo pomoc pomocnch sloves, ale inverz a zporkou not. ? Can you sing? They mustnt do it.
3) Nsleduje po nich infnitiv bez to. You shouldnt say that.
4) Vyskytuj se jen v ptomnm ase prostm, nkter v minulm ase a podmiovacm zpsobu. It may be true.
We could do it.
5) Ostatn tvary a asy se vyjaduj pomoc opis. He would have to ask.
Po kadm modlnm slovese mus
nsledovat sloveso vznamov.
He can speak French. Um francouzsky.
poznmka
can = to be able to
may = to be allowed to
must = to have to
zapamatuj si
Sloveso cannot se pe dohromady.
Sloveso could not se pe zvl.
zajmavost
42
e) could + minul infnitiv dj se mohl odehrt,
ale neodehrl
He could have done it, it was easy.
Mohl to udlat, bylo to snadn. (ale neudlal)
Pouit opisu:
He was able to swim. Byl schopen plavat.
He will be able to swim. Bude moci (schopen) plavat.
He would be able to swim. Mohl by (byl by schopen)
plavat.
He has never been able to swim. Nikdy neuml plavat.
V minulm ase je rozdl mezi could a was / were able to.
I could swim when I was 5. Uml jsem plavat, kdy mi bylo 5.
I was able to swim even though the water was very cold.
Podailo se mi plavat, i kdy voda byla velmi studen.
Sloveso can a could se pouv ped nsledujcmi slovesy:
see, hear, smell, feel, taste, understand, remeber.
Do etiny se ale nepekld.
I can see that. To vidm.
Can you hear it? Sly to?
Cvien 6.1. Doplte do vt can / could nebo opis
to be able to ve sprvnm tvaru.
1) I hope you will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . speak English
well before you go to the USA next year.
2) Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . speak when he was
18 months old.
3) Excuse me, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I ask you
a question?
4) Id like . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . play the violin.
5) He has never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lie.
6) I think she would . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do it, but
she doesnt want to.
7) It was difcult, but we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do it.
8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you give me a hand?
9) Megan used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . run 1 mile.
10) I dont have time. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wait.
b) MAY, MIGHT
Zpor:
I may not
nesmm
(nemm dovoleno)
I must not =
mustnt
nesmm
(siln zkaz)
Opis: to be allowed to
Minul as: might
Podmiovac
zpsob:
might
Pouit:
a) dovolen, zkaz
May I come in? Smm vstoupit?
Passengers may not lean out of the window.
Cestujc se nesm vyklnt z okna. (slab zkaz)
You mustnt do it. To nesm dlat. (silnj zkaz)
b) nejistota
He may come. Mon pijde.
He might come. Mon pijde. (mn jist)
c) may + minul infnitiv - nejistota v minulosti
You may have heard about it. Mon jsi o tom slyel.
d) might + minul infnitiv - vt nejistota ne may
He might have understood. Mon rozuml. (ale spe ne)
Pouit opisu:
I was allowed to do it. Sml jsem to udlat.
He will be allowed to read the letter.
Bude si smt ten dopis pest.
Soveso can a could se pouv pro
vyjden dosti. Could je zdvoilej.
Can you help me? Me mi pomoci?
Could you do it for me? Mohl bys to pro m udlat?
Can I borrow your pen? Mohu si pjit tvoje pero?
Could I use your phone? Mohl bych si zavolat?
zajmavost
MAY + BE = MAYBE
ME + BT = MON
zajmavost
43
Cvien 6.2. Doplte do vt may / night nebo opis
to be allowed to ve sprvnm tvaru.
1) The children have never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
swim in the lake.
2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I open the door? Its hot in
here.
3) I hope I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . smoke at home
when I am 18, which is in June.
4) They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not) leave the hotel
without permission last night.
5) You would . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . go with us if you
asked your parents.
6) Hed like . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . drive his mums car.
7) Jessica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . be right.
8) When I was 14 I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not) go to
the cinema in the evening.
9) Take an umbrella. It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rain in
the afternoon.
10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I help myself to some more
cofee?
c) MUST
Zpor: I need not= neednt nemusm
Opis: to have to
Pouit:
a) povinnost
You must do it. Mus to udlat.
b) jistota
He must know it. Urit to v.
c) must + minul infnitiv jistota v minulosti
They must have heard it. Urit to slyeli.
Pouit zporu:
He mustnt do it Nesm to dlat.
He neednt do it. Nemus to dlat.
He doesnt have to do it. Nemus to dlat.
Pouit opisu:
I have to be there.
Musm tam bt. (nut m k tomu okolnosti)
She had to write it. Musela to napsat.
I would have to ask. Musel bych se zeptat.
We will have to leave soon. Budeme muset za chvli odejt.
Rozdl mezi must a have to v ptomnm ase.
must subjektivn nutnost
I must leave. Musm odejt.
have to objektivn nutnost
I have to leave. Musm odejt. (je pozd, nkdo na m ek,
apod.)
Zpor v minulosti:
a) I neednt have raked the garden.
Nemusel jsem hrabat zahradu. (Ale j ji hrabal.)
b) I didnt have (need) to rake the garden.
Nemusel jsem hrabat zahradu. (A tud jsem ji nehrabal.)
Cvien 6.3. Doplte do vt must nebo opis to have to
ve sprvnm tvaru.
1) Yesterday I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stay in bed. I felt sick.
2) I am afraid you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . go there
tomorrow, not today.
3) Have you ever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . speak in public?
4) You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . be patient!
5) Its Sunday tomorrow, so we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(not) get up early.
6) They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not) work yesterday, so
they went to the sea.
7) She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do it right now!
8) Policemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wear uniforms.
9) We have never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . borrow money.
10) I hope I will never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ask him for help.
You mustnt do it. Nesm to dlat.
You neednt do it. Nemus to dlat.
You cant do it. Neme to dlat.
zapamatuj si
Must je velmi siln pkaz.
Mustnt je velmi siln zkaz.
You must go there! Mus tam jt!
You mustnt go there! Nesm tam jt!
zajmavost
44
Cvien 6.4. Doplte do vt must, mustnt, neednt.
1) Its top secret. You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tell anybody.
2) The train leaves in fve minutes.
We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hurry.
3) They won a million. They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . work.
4) There is still some wine left. We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
go shopping.
5) You can borrow my bike but you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
damage it.
6) James asked me to get a newspaper.
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . forget to buy it
7) You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . remember to call your mum.
8) We need a new car. It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . be big but
it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . be safe.
9) You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . play with the matches, Tom.
Its dangerous.
10) You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . worry. It isnt dangerous.
PRAVDPODOBNOST
MUST URIT ANO
They must come. Urit pijdou.
They must be coming. Urit pichzej.
They must have come. Urit pili.
CANT URIT NE
She cant be stupid. Urit nen hloup.
She cant be sleeping. Urit nesp.
She cant have understood. Urit nerozumla.
MAY / MIGHT ASI ANO, MON ANO
He may / might do it. Mon to udl.
He may / might be having
dinner.
Mon vee.
He may / might have gone
shopping.
Mon el nakoupit.
MAY NOT / MIGHT NOT ASI NE, MON NE
They may not / might not
buy it.
Mon si to nekoup.
be listening.
Mon neposlouchaj.
have known that.
Mon to nevdli.
Cvien 6.5. Pepite vty s pouitm must, cant, may /
might, may not / might not.
1) I am sure Fiona is still working.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Maybe they were sick.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Maybe he didnt see her.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) I am sure Jack is hungry.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) I am sure you are joking.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) I am sure it wasnt true.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) I am sure you left your purse at home.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) I am sure you are not serious.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) Maybe they are waiting in another place.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) I am sure he took it by mistake.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d) SHALL
Zpor: shall not (shant)
Vyjaduje nabdku, nvrh, slabou povinnost.
Shall I open the window? Mm otevt okno?
Where shall we meet? Kde se sejdeme?
Shall we go to the cinema? Pjdeme do kina?
Cvien 6.6. Doplte do vt shall a slovesa z rmeku.
wear answer help go turn
meet invite lend get open
1) I havent got any money on me.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . some?
2) The phone is ringing.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it?
3) The bag is heavy.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you carry it?
4) Lets go to the cinema. When and where . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) You are pale.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the window?

45
6) The sun is shining.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . swimming?
7) I have got a headache.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you aspirin?
8) The music is too loud.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it down?
9) Lets have a party next week.
Who . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
10) I am going to the ball tonight.
What . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
e) SHOULD
Zpor: should not (shouldnt)
Pouit:
a) slab povinnost, doporuen.
You should try it. Ml bys to zkusit.
They shouldnt go there. Nemli by tam chodit.
He should be wearing sunglasses. Ml by mt slunen brle.
b) domnnka.
The light is on. They should be at home.
Svtlo svt. Mli by bt doma.
c) should + minul infnitiv nesplnn povinnost nebo
rada v minulosti
You should have been there. Ml jsi tam bt.
(Ale nebyl.)
You shouldnt have drunk so much. Neml jsi tolik pt.
They should have been listening. Mli poslouchat.
d) v podmnkovch vtch -snad.
If you should see him Kdybys ho snad vidl
Cvien 6.7. Utvote vty. Pouijte should /shouldnt
a sprvn tvar slovesa v zvorce.
1) He is riding a bike without a helmet.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (wear)
2) They went there without a guide.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go)
3) She wasnt there on time.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be late)
4) You are tired, arent you?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . early last night. (go to bed)
5) I got lost yesterday
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ask the way)
6) He is supposed to send it by email.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (post)
f) OUGHT TO
Zpor: ought not to
Pouit:
a) slab povinnost, doporuen. Je formlnj ne should.
You ought to ask for it. Ml bys o to podat.
b) ought to + minul infnitiv nesplnn povinnost nebo
rada v minulosti
You ought to have been there. Ml jsi tam bt.
He should be going there.
Ml by bt na cest. (te)
He should go there.
Ml by tam jt. (za chvli, ztra)
He should have gone there.
Ml tam jt. (vera)
zajmavost
Should v podmnkovch vtch
Viz Podmnkov vty-kapitola na stran 120
odkaz
should = ought to
He should have been there. =
= He ought to have been there.
vysvtlivka
46
g) WILL
Zpor: will not (wont)
Pouit:
a) jako pomocn sloveso pro tvoen budoucho asu viz
budouc as
I will do it. I promise. Udlm to. Slibuji.
b) vle, ochota
I will do it. Udlm to. (jsem ochoten)
c) will v otzce zdvoil dost
Will you open the door? Otevete, prosm, dvee.
d) nabdka
Will you have some more tea? Dte si jet aj?
e) obvykl i opakovan dj v ptomnosti
Such things will happen Takov vci se stvaj.
The car wont start again. A to auto zase ne a ne chytit.
h) WOULD
Zpor: would not (wouldnt)
Pouit:
a) jako pomocn sloveso pro tvoen podmiovacho
zpsobu viz podmiovac vty
He would help me. On by mi pomohl.
b) would v otzce - zdvoil dost (zdvoilej ne will)
Would you do it for me? Udlal bys to pro m?
c) opakovan dj v minulosti u sloves vyjadujcch akci
He would go to the cinema twice a week.
Chodval do kina dvakrt tdn.
i) USED TO
Zpor: didnt use to
Otzka: did you use to
Vyjaduje opakovan dj v minulosti, chceme-li naznait
protiklad mezi souasnost a minulost.
He used to play tennis. Hrval tenis. (ale u nehraje)
Sloveso would lze pro vyjden opakovanho dje v
minulosti pout jen u sloves vyjadujcch akci, nikoli stav.
Sloveso used to lze pout v obou ppadech.
He used to play squash every day. = He would play
squash every day.
Cvien 6.8. Dokonete vty.
Pouijte used to nebo zpor.
1) Jack is fat, but 5 years ago he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) I smoke a lot, but when I was
20 I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at all.
3) Sarah rarely goes out in the evening, but before she
got married she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . every
evening.
4) They live in the country, but when they worked they
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in town.
5) I have a car, but 3 years ago I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a motorbike.
6) The children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to school
because there was no bus.
7) We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the pub every week,
but now we hardly ever see each other.
8) My parents watch TV every day, but
they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the radio.
9) Paul works as a travel courier, so he travels a lot. But
before that he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at all.
10) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . skirts, but now I have to.
Sloveso will viz kapitola
Budouc as na stran 68
odkaz
+

I used to be fat. Now I am slim.
I didnt use to be fat. Now I am fat
? Did you use to be fat?
zapamatuj si
47
USED TO + INF USED TO + ING
She used to drive a car. Jezdvala autem. (U nejezd.)
She is used to driving a car. Je zvykl jezdit autem.
Cvien 6.9. Doplte do vt sprvn tvar slovesa.
1) She is used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (sleep) long
on Sundays.
2) She used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (drink) a lot of
cofee.
3) They were used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have)
parties when they lived in a house.
4) They used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (live) in a house.
5) We arent used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (eat) out.
6) I am used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (meet) a lot of
people in my job.
7) When we were young, we used to
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) swimming on Saturdays.
8) When we were children, we were used to
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (walk).
9) Jim used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) a bike.
10) Lucy is used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (live) alone.
j) DARE odvit se
Je soust frz.
How dare you? Jak se opovauje?
k) YOUD BETTER (YOU HAD BETTER) ml bys radji
Zpor: youd better not
Youd better stay at home. Ml bys radji zstat doma.
Shed better not tell him about it.
Radji by mu o tom nemla kat.
l) ID RATHER (I WOULD RATHER) radji bych
Zpor: I d rather not
Id rather go. Radji bych el.
Id rather not tell you how old I am.
Radji bych ti nekal, kolik mi je let.
Po vrazech had better a would rather nsleduje infnitiv
bez to!
Cvien 6.10. Doplte do vt d better nebo d rather
a slovesa z rmeku.
put on stay not tell take go
leave wait ask do study
1) Its getting dark. You. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . now.
2) I dont want to eat now. I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . till Liz
arrives.
3) I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . overnight if you dont mind.
4) You. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a taxi or you will be late again.
5) I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . him about it, I know.
6) She. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her sweater. Its cold in here.
7) We. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Julia for help. James is too busy
to help us.
8) They want to go to the disco, but they. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . because they are having exams tomorrow.
9) I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . there by tram. I don like the under-
ground.
10) They are expecting you to call them.
You. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it now.
Should obecn rada
Had better rada v konkrtn situaci
You should be more patient. Ml bys bt trplivj.
Youd better leave now (or you will be late).
Ml bys te radji odejt.
poznmka
Id better = I had better ml bych radji
Id rather = I would rather radji bych
tahk
48
Test 4
1) Mr Wealthy is rich. He . . . . . . . work.
A) mustnt B) cannot
C) neednt D) dont have to
2) The party last night was perfect. You . . . . . . .
A) should come B) should have come
C) shall come D) used to
3) When I was 10, I . . . . . . . to go out without my elder
brother.
A) couldnt B) cant
C) mustnt D) wasnt allowed
4) What is Jack doing? I am not sure, he . . . . . . . the car.
A) must wash B) must be washing
C) may wash D) may be washing
5) You . . . . . . . leave now or you will be late.
A) d better B) d rather C) shall D) would
6) She is really fat. But 10 years ago she . . . . . . . slim, didnt
she?
A) was B) used to be
C) didnt use to be D) use to
7) I have never . . . . . . . sleep under the bridge.
A) had to B) must C) had D) neednt
8) I didnt tell anybody. They . . . . . . . to us.
A) had to listen B) must be listening
C) must have been listening D) had to be listening
9) When I moved to London, I wasnt . . . . . . . on the left.
A) used to drive B) used to driving
C) drive D) didnt use to drive
10) Nurses . . . . . . . wear uniforms.
A) have to B) have C) must D) neednt
11) I hate . . . . . . . get up early in the morning.
A) have to B) must C) to must D) having to
12) You look exhausted. You . . . . . . . take a day of.
A) should B) shouldnt C) neednt D) may not
13) Sorry, but smoking . . . . . . . in here.
A) mustnt B) isnt allowed
C) cant D) neednt
14) I am sure the car wasnt red. The car . . . . . . . red.
A) cant have been B) mustnt have been
C) neednt have been D) shouldnt have been
15) Of course, you can borrow it, but you . . . . . . . lose it.
A) neednt B) may not
C) dont have to D) mustnt
16) Its a nice day. . . . . . . . we go for a walk?
A) Should B) May C) Shall D) Will
17) Id like . . . . . . . to ski.
A) can B) to be able to
C) be able to D) could
18) Why did he wait? There was no need for him to wait.
He . . . . . . .
A) didnt have to wait B) didnt need to wait
C) neednt wait D) neednt have waited
19) The foor isnt dirty. You . . . . . . . it.
A) mustnt clean B) neednt clean
C) cant clean D) shouldnt clean
20) I am angry with him. I . . . . . . . see him now.
A) d better B) d better not
C) d rather not D) d rather not to
49
7. Ptomn as
a) PROST
TVOEN
Tvar je u vech osob krom tet osoby jednotnho sla
toton s infnitivem bez to.
Ve tet osob jednotnho sla pibr koncovku s
neboes.
I want we want
you want you want
he wants they want
she wants
it wants
Zmny v pravopisu ve tet osob jednotnho sla
a) po sykavkch es
to fnish he fnishes
b) koncov y po souhlsce se mn na i a pibr se es
to study he studies
ale
-y po samohlsce zstv
to buy he buys
c) u sloves to do a to go -es
to do he does
to go he goes
OTZKA
Otzka se tvo pomoc do ( does pro tet osobu
jednotnho sla), kter je na zatku vty nebo za tzacm
zjmenem.
DO + PODMT + SLOVESO V INFINITIVU BEZ TO
DOES + PODMT + SLOVESO V INFINITIVU BEZ TO
Do you want it? Chce to? Chcete to?
Does he want it? Chce to?
What do you want ? Co chce? Co chcete?
KRTK ODPOVDI
V anglitin je nezdvoil odpovdat na otzku jen Yes, No.
V ptomnm ase prostm odpovdme jet pomocnm
slovesem do nebo does, v zporu dont nebo doesnt.
Do you like it? Lb se ti / vm to?
+

Yes, I do. Ano, lb.
No, I dont. Ne, nelb.
he / she / it works
zapamatuj si
watch he / she / it watches
do he / she / it does
go he / she / it goes
study he / she / it studies
tahk
Why Pro
What Co, jak
Who Kdo
When Kdy
What time V kolik
Where Kde, kam
How Jak
How often Jak asto
How much Kolik( nepoitateln)
How many Kolik (poitateln)
zajmavost
+

He goes to the cinema every week.
? Does he go to the cinema every week?
He doesnt go to the cinema every week.
vysvtlivka
50
Does he smoke? Kou?
+

Yes, he does. Ano, kou.
No, he doesnt. Ne, nekou.
ZPOR
Zpor se tvo pomoc slovesa do + not ( does not ).
V zporu se asto pouvaj staen tvary dont a doesnt.
PODMT + DONT + SLOVESO V INFINITIVU BEZ TO
(DO NOT)
PODMT + DOESNT + SLOVESO V INFINITIVU BEZ TO
(DOES NOT)
I dont (do not) want it. J to nechci.
He doesnt (does not) want it. On to nechce.
POUIT
a) obvykl a opakovan dj v ptomnosti
He goes to school every day. Kad den chod do koly.
b) obecn platn dj
Some birds eat fsh. Nkte ptci jed ryby.
c) u sloves, kter netvo prbhov as, vyjaduje dj,
kter prv probh, nebo stav
I know him very well. Znm ho velmi dobe.
d) u jzdnho du i rozvrhu vyjaduje budoucnost
The train leaves at 7. Vlak odjd v 7.
e) v asovch a podmnkovch vtch vyjaduje
budoucnost
I will call as soon as she arrives. Zavolm, jakmile doraz.
If she has time, she will come. Bude-li mt as, pijde.
Cvien 7.1. Napite slovesa ve tet osob jednotnho
sla.
HE / SHE / IT
1) go . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) watch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) carry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) fy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) fnish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) try . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) kiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) pray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) wish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) buy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cvien 7.2. Utvote z nsledujcch vt otzky
a zporn vty.
1) +

He goes to the theatre once a month.
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) +

They live in the country.
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) +

It often rains in England.
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) +

Paul likes tea with milk.
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I / you / we / they do not =
= I / you / we / they dont
he / she / it does not =
= he / she / it doesnt
zapamatuj si
Pouit ptomnho asu prostho
v podmnkovch a asovch
vtch viz kapitola Podmnkov
vty na stran 117 a asov vty na stran 121
odkaz
51
5) +

Jim and Bob watch TV in the evening.
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) PRBHOV
TVOEN
PODMT + TO BE + PEST PTOMN
PEST PTOMN = INFINITIV + ING
asuje se pouze sloveso to be.
U slovesa to be se mohou pouvat staen tvary.
I am working. We are working.
You are working.. You are working.
He is working. They are working.
She is working.
It is working.
Zmny v pravopisu pest ptomnho
a) odpad koncov nevysloven e
to come coming
b) u jednoslabinch sloves se zdvojuje koncov souhlska
to sit sitting
c) u vceslabinch sloves se zdvojuje koncov souhlska,
je-li pod pzvukem
to begin beginning
ale
to ofer ofering
d) u sloves to travel a to control se v britsk anglitin
zdvojuje koncov l
to travel travelling
to control controlling
e) u sloves lie a die se vypout koncov e a -i se mn
na -y.
to lie lying
to die dying
OTZKA
TO BE + PODMT + PEST PTOMN
Are you sleeping? Sp? Spte?
Is he listening to us? Poslouch ns?
What are they reading ? Co tou?
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme pomocnm slovesem to be v pslun osob.
Are you writing a letter? Pe dopis?
+

Yes, I am. Ano, pu.
No, I m not. Ne, nepu.
Is she walking? Prochz se?
+

Yes, she is. Ano, prochz.
No, she isnt. Ne, neprochz.
I am working. = Im working.
You are working. = Youre working.
He is working. = Hes working.
She is working. = Shes working.
It is working. = Its working.
We are working. = Were working.
You are working. = Youre working.
They are working. = Theyre working.
tahk
stop stopping
make making
tahk
+

He is running.
? Is he running?
zapamatuj si
52
ZPOR
Zpor tvome pidnm zporky not ke slovesu to be.
V zporu se asto pouvaj staen tvary .
PODMT + TO BE + NOT + PEST PTOMN
Im not (am not) sleeping. Nespm.
It isnt (is not) raining. Nepr.
They arent (are not) jogging. Nebhaj.
POUIT
a) dj, kter prv probh
We are eating. Jme. ( prv te )
b) dj, kter je doasn, nemus probhat v dan chvli
She is staying with me. Bydl se mnou. (doasn)
c) jist budoucnost
I am leaving tomorrow. Ztra odjdm.
d) ve spojen s always vyjaduje nelibost pro opakovan dj
v ptomnosti
And she is always talking and talking.
A ona pod mluv a mluv.
Cvien 7.3. Utvote pest ptomn.
1) sit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) have. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) ski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) smoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) get . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) forget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) leave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) live . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) come . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) carry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cvien 7.4.

Dejte slova do sprvnho poad
a utvote vty.
1) TOM AND PAOLA / FRONT / WAITING / WHY / IN / OF
THE HOUSE / ARE?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
2) I / MEAN / DONT / WHAT / UNDERSTAND / YOU.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) DO / DOES / ON / WHAT / JANE / SATURDAYS?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
4) HOW / SNOW / DOES / IN / YOUR / OFTEN / IT / COUNT-
RY?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) YOU / STILL / IAN MC EWAN / ARE / THE BOOK /
READING / BY?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
6) HAPPENING / WHAT / IS?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
7) US / DOESNT / JAMIE / TENNIS / WITH / PLAY.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) DO / GO / THE SMITHS / TO / WHEN / THE MOUNTAINS?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
9) GO / DOES / WANT / TO / HER / SHOPPING / ROBIN /
WITH?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
10) TONIGHT / I / NOT / SARAH / PLAYING / WITH / AM /
SQUASH .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
+

They are reading.
? Are they reading?
They arent reading.
vysvtlivka
I am not = I m not
he / she / it is not = he / she / it isnt
you / we / they are not = you / we / they arent
zapamatuj si
Sloveso have ve vznamu mt netvo
prbhov as, ale ve frzch ano.
I have a shower. Mm sprchu.
I am having a shower. Prv se sprchuji.
zajmavost
53
Nkter slovesa netvo prbhov asy. Viz kapitola 14. Slovesa netvoc prbhov as na stran 76
Cvien 7.5. Doplte do vt slovesa v ptomnm ase prostm nebo prbhovm.
1) He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at me, which drives me mad. SHOUT
2) Lets go for a walk. It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . any more. RAIN
3) Peter often. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the bus. MISS
4) Who . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . today? MISS
5) Jane, where are you? I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a shower. HAVE
6) I have just bought the ticket and I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tomorrow. FLY
7) We usually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TV but today we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the radio. WATCH, LISTEN
8) She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the same mistake again and again. Its horrible. MAKE
9) It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dark, we must go. GET
10) My father . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . French and English. SPEAK
54
8. Minul as
a) PROST
TVOEN
a) Pravideln slovesa
U pravidelnch sloves se tvo pponou -ed.
M pro vechny osoby stejn tvar.
INFINITIV + ED
He washed his car yesterday. Vera umyl auto.
They helped us. Pomohli nm.
Zmny v pravopisu
a) odpad koncov nevysloven -e
to promise he promised
b) u jednoslabinch sloves se zdvojuje koncov souhlska
to stop he stopped
c) u vceslabinch sloves se zdvojuje koncov souhlska,
je-li pod pzvukem
to prefer he preferred
d) u sloves to travel a to control se v britsk anglitin
zdvojuje -l
to travel he travelled
to control he controlled
e) u sloves koncch na-y ped souhlskou dochz ke
zmn -y na -i
to study he studied
ale
to play he played
Cvien 8.1. Utvote minul as.
1) drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) knit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) look . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) listen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) prefer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) love . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) visit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) marry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) ask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) stay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) Nepravideln slovesa
U nepravidelnch sloves se minul as prost tvo nepravi-
deln viz pehled nepravidelnch sloves na stran 135
Cvien 8.2.

Doplte chybjc tvary nepravidelnch
sloves.
esky Infnitiv Minul as
Pest
minul
bt be been
beat
catch
frozen
rozumt
fell
swum
ring
ctit se
stop stopped
prefer preferred
travel travelled
control controlled
study studied
zapamatuj si
Prostuduj si nepravideln
slovesa na stran 135
odkaz
55
esky Infnitiv Minul as
Pest
minul
bit
won
leet
teach
come
drive
paid
told
say
eaten
pt
rise
hit
held
stt se
throw
shot
woken
foukat
chose
lost
OTZKA
Otzka se tvo pomoc did pro vechny osoby. Did stoj na
zatku otzky nebo nsleduje za tzacm zjmenem.
DID + PODMT + INFINITIV BEZ TO
Did you see it last week? Vidl jsi to minul tden?
When did you see it? Kdy jsi to vidl?
Cvien 8.3. Ptejte se na podtren vrazy.
1) Kim met Peter last night.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) They saw the flm at the cinema.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Jim put the pen on the desk.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Jessica shut the window because she was cold.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Charles woke up at 7 yesterday.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) We bought three melons.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) They played tennis in the morning.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) I found the glasses under the bed.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) She made a cup of cofee.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) They did it because we asked them.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme pomocnm slovesem did, v zporu didnt.
Did you understand? Rozuml jsi?
+

Yes, I did. Ano, rozuml.
No, I didnt. Ne, nerozuml.
ZPOR
Zpor se tvo pomoc did not pro vechny osoby.
V zporu se asto pouv staen tvar didnt.
PODMT + DIDNT + SLOVESO V INFINITIVU BEZ TO
(DID NOT)
She didnt do it. Ona to neudlala.
+

She went to school.
? Did she go to school?
tahk
did not = didnt
zapamatuj si
Why Pro
What Co, jak
Who Kdo
When Kdy
What time V kolik
Where Kde, kam
How Jak
How often Jak asto
How much Kolik( nepoitateln)
zajmavost
56
Cvien 8.4. Utvote zporn vty.
1) They chose the red ball.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) She lent me the book.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Ruth did the homework at school.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Peter wrote me a letter.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) I felt tired.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) John slept well last night.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) We wanted to meet them at the party.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Vicky drank only beer.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) We understood why they did it.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) She got lost.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POUIT
Minul as prost vyjaduje dj, kter se odehrl v minulos-
ti a ji skonil, asto jsou ve vt vrazy vyjadujc minulost.
yesterday vera
last week minul tden
last night vera v noci, veer
last month minul msc
last year loni
last Monday minul pondl
a week ago ped tdnem
then tehdy
before the war ped vlkou
in 1980 v roce 1980
fromto oddo
when kdy
I worked a lot last week. Minul tden jsem hodn pracoval.
They went there a year ago. Jeli tam ped rokem.
b) PRBHOV
TVOEN
PODMT + WAS/ WERE + PEST PTOMN
I was writing. We were writing.
You were writing. You were writing.
He was writing. They were writing.
She was writing.
It was writing.
Pest ptomn a pravopisn zmny viz ptomn as
prbhov na stran 51
OTZKA
WAS/ WERE + PODMT + PEST PTOMN
Was she standing ? Stla?
Were you sitting ? Sedl jsi?
What were they doing ? Co dlali?
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme slovesem was, were, v zporu wasnt / werent.
Were you waiting for a long time? ekali jste dlouho?
+

Yes, we were. Ano, ekali.
No, we werent. Ne, neekali.
Was he sleeping? Spal?
+

Yes, he was. Ano, spal.
No, he wasnt. Ne, nespal.
ZPOR
Zpor tvome pidnm zporky not ke slovesu was, were.
V zporu se asto pouvaj staen tvary wasnt / werent.
PODMT + WASNT / WERENT + PEST PTOM.
I wasnt (was not) sitting. Nesedl jsem.
We werent (were not) drinking. Nepili jsme.
+

She was sleeping.
? Was she sleeping?
zapamatuj si
was not = wasnt
were not = werent
zapamatuj si
57
POUIT
a) dj, kter probhal v uritm okamiku v minulosti
We were watching TV news at 7 yesterday.
Vera v 7 jsme se dvali na zprvy.
b) dje, kter probhaly souasn a trvaly uritou dobu
I was eating while he was reading.
J jsem jedl, zatmco on si etl.
c) dj, kter trval po uritou dobu v minulosti a byl
peruen i naruen djem jinm
I was having a bath when the phone rang.
Koupal jsem se, kdy ( tu ) zazvonil telefon.
Cvien 8.5.

Dejte slova do sprvnho poad
a utvote vty.
1) I / MY HUSBAND / WASHING UP / WAS / WAS /
A NEWSPAPER / WHILE / READING.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) AT / WHAT/ DOING/ YOU / WERE / 7?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) WAS / ARRIVED / IT / WHEN / RAINING / HE?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) A DRESS / DOROTHY / WASNT / YESTERDAY / WEARING.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) YOU / WE / WHEN / WERE / DINNER / HAVING / PHONED.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cvien 8.6.

Dejte slovesa v zvorce do minulho asu
prostho nebo prbhovho.
1) The sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (SHINE) when we
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ARRIVE) in Paris.
2) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (WAIT) for my son when it
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (START) to rain.
3) When he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (MEET) her she
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (WEAR) a red skirt.
4) It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (HAPPEN) while we
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (DRIVE) through the village.
5) Jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BREAK) his leg when he
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (SKI).

6) What . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (DO)
when I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (SEE) you in the park?
7) The boys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (PLAY) football when the
ball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (HIT) the door.
8) We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (LISTEN) to Mozart when he
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (FALL) asleep.
9) This time yesterday I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (HAVE) dinner
with my friend.
10) How fast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(DRIVE) when the police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (STOP) you?
Test 5
1) I was lost. I . . . . . . . what to say.
A) dont knew B) dont know
C) didnt knew D) didnt know
2) What . . . . . . . when she . . . . . . . you at the party?
A) did you do, met B) were you doing, met
C) did you do, was meeting D) were you doing,
was meeting
3) How often . . . . . . . to the mountains?
A) do you go B) are you going
C) you went D) did you went
4) Does she often drink alcohol? Yes, she . . . . . . .
A) do B) did C) drinks D) does
5) Why . . . . . . . me? It drives me mad!
A) is he always interrupting
B) does he always interrupt
C) does he always interrupts
D) does he always interrupting
6) Tomorrow we . . . . . . . dinner with the Parkers.
A) have B) are having
C) had D) were having
7) Mr Clumsy . . . . . . . of a ladder while he . . . . . . . the
ceiling.
A) felt, was painting
B) was falling, was painting
C) fell, was painting D) felt, painted
58
8) . . . . . . . you see there? Pamela.
A) What did B) Who did C) Why did D) When did
9) Lucy, where are you? I . . . . . . . a bath.
A) have B) had C) am having
D) was having
10) Jane always . . . . . . . trousers. Why . . . . . . . a dress today?
A) is wearing, wears B) wears, she is wearing
C) is wearing, does she wear D) wears, is she wearing
11) Lionel . . . . . . . his wife while he . . . . . . . in London.
A) was meeting, was working
B) met, was working C) was meeting, worked
D) met, worked
12) The train to Oxford . . . . . . . at 7:30.
A) leaves B) is leaving C) does leave
D) dont leave
13) Who . . . . . . .? Only Peter Black.
A) does miss B) is missing C) missed D) miss
14) They . . . . . . . late. They . . . . . . . the bus again.
A) was, missed B) were, missed
C) were, were missing D) were, miss
15) Suzy often . . . . . . . TV, but now she . . . . . . . French.
A) watches, studies B) is watching, is studying
C) watches, is studying D) is watching, studies
16) The Earth . . . . . . . the Sun.
A) is revolving B) was revolving
C) revolves D) revolved
17) This time yesterday we . . . . . . . on the beach.
A) lay B) were liing C) were lying D) laid
18) I have a new girlfriend. She . . . . . . . with me.
A) is staying B) stays
C) was staying D) stayed
19) I am sure it . . . . . . . a year ago.
A) didnt happen B) doesnt happen
C) wasnt happening D) happens
20) What . . . . . . . Daniel . . . . . . .? He is a taxi driver.
A) do, do B) does, do C) is, doing D) do, does
59
a) PROST
TVOEN
HAVE / HAS + PEST MINUL
I have lost my key. Ztratil jsem kl.
Pest minul se tvo pponou -ed k infnitivu
pravidelnch sloves.
U nepravidelnch se tvo nepravideln viz pehled
nepravidelnch sloves na stran 135
Cvien 9.1. Utvote pest minul.
1) see . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) wait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) have. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) lose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) bring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) break . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) hit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) sing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) think . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) speak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) sell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) feel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16) go . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17) buy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18) know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19) get . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20) keep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21) stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22) give . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23) rise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24) fght . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25) hide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26) wake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27) hurt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28) steal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29) write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30) choose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OTZKA
HAVE / HAS + PODMT + PEST MINUL
Have you done it? Udlal jsi to?
Has he started ? Zaal?
odkaz
She has read it.
Peetla to. (= M to peten.)
vysvtlivka
I have = Ive it has = its
you have = youve we have = weve
he has = hes you have = youve
she has = shes they have = theyve
vysvtlivka
I / you / we / they have been there.
He / she / it has been there.
vysvtlivka
+

She has met him before.
? Has she met him before?
tahk
9. Pedptomn as Perfektum
60
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme pomocnm slovesem have / has, v zporu
havent / hasnt.
Have you heard it? Slyel jsi to?
+

Yes, I have. Ano, slyel.
No, I havent. Ne, neslyel.
Has she ever done it? U to nkdy udlala?
+

Yes, she has. Ano, udlala.
No, she hasnt. Ne, neudlala.
ZPOR
Zpor se tvo pidnm zporky not k pomocnmu slovesu
have / has. V zporu se asto pouvaj staen tvary
havent / hasnt.
PODMT + HAVENT (HAVE NOT) + PEST MINUL
HASNT (HAS NOT)
She hasnt ( has not ) said it. Neekla to.
They havent (have not) heard it. Neslyeli to.
POUIT
a) dj, kter se odehrl v minulosti v ble neuren dob
a m nsledek do ptomnosti
Jane has broken her leg.
Jana si zlomila nohu. (M ji zlomenou.)
!
Pokud je urena doba v minulosti, nelze pedptomn
as pout. Musme pout minul as.
Jane broke her leg yesterday. Jana si vera zlomila nohu.
b) dj, kter zaal v minulosti a dosud trv (obvykle u slo-
ves, kter netvo prbhov as). Ve vt je vyjdeno,
jak dlouho trv pomoc vraz for (po dobu)
a since (od).
We have known him for 9 years. Znme ho 9 let.
We have known him since 1998. Znme ho od roku 1998.
!
Pokud nen ve vt uvedeno, jak dlouho dj trv, musme
pout ptomn as.
We know him. Znme ho.
c) v otzce, ptme-li se, jak dlouho dj probh (u sloves,
kter netvo prbhov as)
How long have they known each other? Jak dlouho se
znaj?
How long has she been there? Jak dlouho je tam?
!
Ptme-li se, zda se nco odehrv, nikoli, jak dlouho,
musme pout ptomn as.
Do you know her? Zn ji?
have not = havent
has not = hasnt
vysvtlivka
I have lost my key. Ztratil jsem kl.
I lost my key yesterday. Vera jsem ztratil kl.
zapamatuj si
I have got a new bike.
Dostal jsem nov kolo. = Mm nov kolo.
Have got (mt) je vlastn pedptomn
as slovesa get (dostat).
pikantnost
She is there for a week. Je tam na tden.
She has been there for a week. Je tam (u) tden.
She was there for a week. Byla tam tden.
zajmavost
I know John. Znm Honzu.
I have known John for ages.
Znm Honzu u dlouho.
zapamatuj si
61
d) mluvme-li o zkuenosti i zitku, kter povaujeme za
dleit. Fakt, e se dj odehrl, je dleitj ne doba,
kdy se odehrl.
She has been married three times. Byla tikrt vdan.
e) v otzce, ptme-li se, zda se nco dosud nebo u stalo
i nestalo
Have you ever been to Canada? U jsi byl nkdy v Kanad?
Has he already left? U odeel?
Has it stopped snowing yet? U pestalo snit?
!
U slovesa be se v pedptomnm ase pouv pedloka
to, nikoli in.
Was she in New York last year? Byla loni v New Yorku?
Has she ever been to New York? Byla u nkdy v New Yorku?
f ) v zporn vt, kter k, e se nco nikdy nebo dosud
neodehrlo
I have never heard such a stupid thing.
Takovou hloupost jsem jet nikdy neslyel.
They havent seen the flm yet Jet ten flm nevidli.
g) dj sice skonil, ale doba, kdy probhal, stle trv
I have written 2 letters today. Dnes jsem napsal 2 dopisy.
VRAZY POJC SE S PEDPTOMNM ASEM
PROBLMY
a) je-li ve vt pesn udan doba v minulosti, musme
pout minul as
I have seen it. Vidl jsem to.
I saw it yesterday. Vidl jsem to vera.
b) nen-li udno, jak dlouho dj trv, musme pout
ptomn as prost
She has known Charles for 2 years. Zn Karla 2 roky.
She knows Charles. Zn Karla.
c) je-li nsledek dje dleitj ne dj sm, pouvme
pedptomn as. Je-li dleitj dj ne jeho nsledek,
pouvme minul as.
I have washed the car. Now it is clean.
Umyl jsem auto. Je te ist.
I washed the car and cut the grass.
Umyl jsem auto a posekal trvu.
Do you have a cat? M koku?
How long have you had the cat?
Jak dlouho m tu koku?
zapamatuj si
Ptme-li se,kdy se nco stalo,
musme pout minul as prost.
How long have you had this watch?
Jak dlouho m tyhle hodinky?
When did you get it? Kdy jsi je dostal?
zajmavost
I have never been to London.
Nikdy jsem nebyl v Londn.
I wasnt in London last year.
Loni jsem nebyl v Londn.
zapamatuj si
V anglitin plat pravidlo
jednoho zporu.
I have never heard it.
Jet jsem to nikdy neslyel.
I havent heard it yet.
Jet jsem to neslyel.
vysvtlivka
always vdy
never nikdy
ever (n)kdy v otzce
already u
yet jet, u
not yet jet ne
since od (t doby)
for po dobu
this year letos
lately posledn dobou
recently nedvno
how long jak dlouho
since when od kdy
just prv
62
Cvien 9.2.

Utvote vty v pedptomnm ase
prostm.
1) The windows are clean. James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
them CLEAN
2) The fence is red. Mrs Cunningham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
it. PAINT
3) The children are in bed. They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
to bed. GO
4) The sun is shining. It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . raining.
STOP
5) Look! Somebody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the vase.
BREAK
6) Its Peters birthday tomorrow. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
him a present. BUY
7) Where is my wallet? Oh, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it.
LOSE
8) Brigit doesnt have her passport.
She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it at home. LEAVE
9) Mr White feels lonely. Her wife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
him. LEAVE
10) I know it. They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . me. TELL
Cvien 9.3. Dejte slovesa do sprvnho asu.
1) They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (KNOW) each other for
ages.
2) They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (HAVE) a new car.
3) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NOT SEE) him recently.
4) They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (MEET) fve years ago and
they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BE) together since.
5) How long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (HAVE) this dog?
6) What . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (HAPPEN)?
He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BREAK) his arm last week.
7) Shakespeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (WRITE) 37 theatre
plays in all.
8) Jeremy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NOT ARRIVE) yet.
9) When . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(HAPPEN)? Last year.
10) Jim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NEVER SMOKE) a cigar.
11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(EVER EAT) sushi?
12) She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BE) sick since
she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (RETURN) from Greece.
13) They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NEVER BE) to / in the USA
but last year they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BE) to / in
Canada.
14) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (SPEND) three months in the
mountains this year.
15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BE) Kim married? Yes,
she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BE) married for a year.
b) PRBHOV
TVOEN
HAVE / HAS + BEEN + PEST PTOMN
I have been waiting here for 2 hours.
ekm tady 2 hodiny.
He has been talking for 5 minutes. Mluv 5 minut.
OTZKA
HAVE / HAS + PODMT + BEEN + PEST PT.
Have you been waiting long? ek dlouho?
Has she been sleeping long? Sp dlouho?
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme pomocnm slovesem have / has, v zporu
havent / hasnt.
Have you been waiting for a long time? ekte dlouho?
+

Yes, we have. Ano, ekme.
No, we havent. Ne, neekme.
I / you / we / they have been running.
He / she / it has been running.
vysvtlivka
long = for a long time
zajmavost
63
Has she been sleeping long? Sp dlouho?
+

Yes, she has. Ano, sp.
No, she hasnt. Ne, nesp.
ZPOR
Zpor tvome pidnm zporky not k pomocnmu
slovesu have / has. V zporu se asto pouvaj staen
tvary havent / hasnt.
PODMT + HAVENT + BEEN + PEST PTOMN
(HAVE NOT) /
/ HASNT
( HAS NOT)
She hasnt (has not) been learning English for a long time.
Neu se anglicky dlouho.
They havent (have not) been sitting here for an hour.
Nesed tady hodinu.
POUIT
a) dj, kter zaal v minulosti a stle trv. Doba, jak dlouho
dj probh, je urena vrazy since a for.
He has been standing here for 20 minutes.
Stoj tady 20 minut.
!
Nen-li ve vt uvedeno, jak dlouho dj trv, musme
pout ptomn as prbhov.
She is sleeping. Sp.
She has been sleeping for an hour. Sp hodinu.
!
U sloves, kter netvo prbhov as, musme pout
pedptomn as prost.
I have had the same car for 5 years.
Mm stejn auto (u) 5 let.
b) dj, kter sice v minulosti skonil, ale m nsledek
do ptomnosti
They have been working hard and now they are really tired.
Pracovali a te jsou opravdu unaveni.
c) dj skonil, ale doba, ve kter probhal, trv
I have been reading all morning. etl jsem cel rno.
(Je stle rno.)
d) v otzce how long
How long have you been driving? Jak dlouho d?
!
U sloves, kter netvo prbhov as, musme pout
pedptomn as prost.
How long have they known it? Jak dlouho to vd?
1) It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . since we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RAIN / WAKE UP
2) The man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . here for two hours.
STAND
3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
here for a long time? WAIT
4) She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . since
she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the news. CRY / HEAR
5) You look exhausted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? RUN
6) My brother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the same job since
he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . from university.
DO / GRADUATE
7) Kate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . French all her life. TEACH
8) How long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tom
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with Judith? GO OUT
9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the children still
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? SLEEP
10) You are flthy. Of course, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . our
car! REPAIR
have not = havent
has not = hasnt
vysvtlivka
+

He has been learning English for 5 years.
? How long has he been learning English?
He hasnt been learning English for 5 years.
tahk
64
PEDPTOMN AS PROST
VERSUS PEDPTOMN AS PRBHOV
Pedptomn as prost pouvme pro vyjden
ukonenho dje. Odpovd dokonavmu vidu v etin.
Pedtomn as prbhov vyjaduje dj neukonen.
Odpovd nedokonavmu vidu v etin.
Who has eaten my porridge? Kdo mi sndl kai?
Who has been eating my porridge? Kdo jedl z m kae?
Cvien 9.5. Vyberte sprvn as.
1) The bottle is empty! Who HAS DRUNK / HAS BEEN
DRINKING the wine?
2) They HAVE JUST BEEN MOVING / HAVE JUST MOVED
house. The new house is lovely, isnt it?
3) I am tired. I AM WORKING / HAVE BEEN WORKING hard
all day.
4) Where is Jim? He WENT / HAS GONE shopping.
5) How long HAVE YOU BEEN LEARNING / HAVE YOU
LEARNT English?
6) Has she BEEN LEARNING / LEARNT all the new vocabu-
lary yet?
7) You can borrow the newspaper. I HAVE ALREADY
READ / HAVE ALREADY BEEN READING it.
8) Why are you red? I HAVE SUNBATHED / HAVE BEEN
SUNBATHING.
9) You look happy. Yes, I HAVE JUST BOUGHT / HAVE JUST
BEEN BUYING new clothes.
10) Bob HAS BEEN DRAWING / HAS DRAWN fve pictures.
I have been running. Bhal jsem.
I have run 2 miles. Ubhl jsem 2 mle.
vysvtlivka
65
a) PROST
TVOEN
HAD + PEST MINUL
I had lost the key so I couldnt get in.
Ztratil jsem kl a nemohl jsem se dostat dom.
pravidelnch sloves.
U nepravidelnch se tvo nepravideln viz pehled
nepravidelnch sloves na stran 135
OTZKA
HAD + PODMT + PEST MINUL
Had Jane left before you arrived?
Odela Jana, ne jsi piel?
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme pomocnm slovesem had, v zporu hadnt.
Had the children gone to bed when you arrived?
Byly u dti v posteli, kdy jsi piel?
+

Yes, they had. Ano, byly.
No, they hadnt. Ne, nebyly.
ZPOR
had. V zporu se asto pouv staen tvar hadnt.
PODMT + HADNT (HAD NOT) + PEST MINUL
I few to Paris last week. I hadnt (had not) fown before.
Minul tden jsem letl do Pae. Ped tm jsem nikdy neletl.
POUIT
a) vyjaduje dj, kter byl ukonen ped uritm okami-
kem v minulosti
By Monday all the tourists had left the hotel.
Do pondl (u) vichni turist opustili hotel.
b) vyjaduje dj, kter se odehrl v minulosti ped jinm
djem
I had left before she arrived. Odeel jsem, ne pila.
10. Pedminul as Plusquamperfektum
I had = Id
you had = youd
he had = hed
she had = shed
we had = wed
you had = youd
they had = theyd
vysvtlivka
odkaz
+

She had gone.
? Had she gone?
tahk
had not = hadnt
vysvtlivka
V anglitin plat pravidlo
jednoho zporu.
I hadnt fown before. =
= I had never fown before.
poznmka
66
c) vyjaduje dj, kter zaal ped jinm djem i okami-
kem v minulosti a trval i v t chvli (u sloves, kter netvo
prbhov as)
When they got married they had known each other for
5 years. Znali se u 5 let, kdy se brali.
VRAZY POJC SE S PEDMINULM ASEM
before (dve) ne, ped tm
after pot co
already u
just prv
for po dobu
since od (t doby)
till / until dokud ne
when kdy
by do
by the time v tu dobu
never nikdy
Cvien 10.1.

Napite vty v pedminulm ase.
Pouijte slovesa z rmeku.
be invited not see be break into have
go leave start not fy wash
1) James didnt want to drink.
He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . already . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
seven beers before.
2) They invited us to the party, but we couldnt come.
We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to another party.
3) Yesterday Jill arrived home and everything was upside
down.
Somebody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her house.
4) Fiona arrived at the meeting late.
The meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . already
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) I few to the USA last month. It was my frst fight.
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . before.
6) Lucy and Lucas got divorced last week.
They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . together only for two years.
7) Yesterday I arrived home at 10. The children were
asleep.
The children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to bed before
I arrived.
8) We couldnt take photos.
We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . our camera at home.
9) It started to rain.
I was angry, because I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . just
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the car.
10) I met an interesting boy last night. I didnt know him.
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . him before.
b) PRBHOV
TVOEN
HAD + BEEN + PEST PTOMN
I had been waiting for 2 hours before they arrived.
ekal jsem 2 hodiny, ne pili.
OTZKA
HAD + PODMT + BEEN + PEST PTOMN
Had you been waiting long before they arrived?
ekal jsi dlouho, ne pili?
John has broken his leg. He cant walk.
NOW
John had broken his leg. He couldnt walk.
LAST MONTH
zajmavost
They were dancing when I arrived
at the party.
They had been dancing for an hour
when I arrived at the party.
zajmavost
long = for a long time
zajmavost
67
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme pomocnm slovesem had, v zporu hadnt.
Had you been waiting for a long time before they arrived?
ekali jste dlouho, ne pili?
+

Yes, we had. Ano, ekali.
No, we hadnt. Ne, neekali.
ZPOR
Zpor tvome pidnm zporky not k pomocnmu slove-
su had. V zporu se asto pouvaj staen tvary hadnt .
PODMT + HADNT + BEEN + PEST PTOMN
(HAD NOT)
She hadnt been learning French for a long time before she
went to Paris.
Neuila se francouzsky dlouho, ne jela do Pae.
POUIT
a) dj probhal po uritou dobu ped jinm djem
v minulosti. Doba, jak dlouho dj probhal, je urena
vrazy since a for.
They had been learning Spanish for a year before they went
to Madrid. Ne jeli do Madridu, uili se rok panlsky.
b) dj probhal po uritou dobu ped jinm djem
v minulosti a ml nsledek
I was tired. I had been jogging.
Byl jsem unaven. Bhal jsem.
1) Mrs Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for the company for
30 years before she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WORK / RETIRE
2) It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for two weeks when we . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in Rome. RAIN / ARRIVE
3) The boys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . football for an hour
when it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to rain. PLAY / START
4) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tired yesterday.
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the garden all day.
BE / WORK
5) Now wonder James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . an accident
last night. He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for six hours.
HAVE / DRIVE
6) By the time we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . there, they . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for us for 30 minutes. GET / WAIT
7) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . French for a while before
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . they all were English.
SPEAK / REALISE
8) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the lecture for an hour
when I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
already . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it.
LISTEN / REALISE / HEAR
9) Hannah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for 3 hours when her
husband . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . from the pub.
SLEEP / COME
10) She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
before, but yesterday she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 cigarettes. SMOKE / SMOKE
+

He had been learning English for 5 years
before he moved to LA.
? How long had he been learning
English before he moved to LA?
He hadnt been learning English
for a long time before he moved to LA.
tahk
Jack was dirty. He had been repairing the car.
Jack byl pinav. Opravoval auto.
We could go by car. Jack had repaired it.
Mohli jsme jet autem. Jack ho spravil.
vysvtlivka
68
11. Budoucnost
a) BUDOUC AS PROST
TVOEN
WILL + INFINITIV BEZ TO
I will do it. Udlm to.
!
Tvar shall je pouze pro prvn osobu jednotnho
a mnonho sla. Jeho pouit je vak na stupu.
V otzce vdy shall znamen slabou povinnost.
Dal pouit shall viz kapitola Modln slovesa.
OTZKA
WILL + PODMT + INFINITIV BEZ TO
Will you help me? Pome mi? Pomete mi?
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme pomocnm slovesem will, v zporu wont.
Will you lend me money? Pj mi penze?
+

Yes, I will. Ano, pjm.
No, I wont. Ne, nepjm.
ZPOR
will. V zporu se asto pouv staen tvar wont.
PODMT + WONT + SLOVESO V INFINITIVU BEZ TO
(WILL NOT)
I wont (will not) win. Nevyhraju.
POUIT
a) nhl rozhodnut
I will open the window. Its hot in here.
Otevu okno. Je tu horko.
b) prost informace o budoucnosti, nzor
His parents will be there as well.
Jeho rodie tam budou tak.
I dont think he will come. Myslm, e nepijde.
c) pedpov
There will be some thunderstorms tomorrow.
Ztra budou bouky.
d) nabdka, hrozba, slib
I will help him. Pomohu mu.
e) ptomn pedpoklad
This will be his car. Toto bude jeho auto.
f ) v otzce je formou zdvoil dosti
Will you help me, please? Pome mi, prosm?
I will = Ill
you will = youll
he will = hell
she will = shell
it will = itll
we will = well
you will = youll
they will = theyll
vysvtlivka
+

She will come. Pijde.
Will she come? Pijde?
tahk
will not = wont
zapamatuj si
69
b) BUDOUC AS PRBHOV
TVOEN
WILL + BE + PEST PTOMN
I will be waiting. Budu ekat.
OTZKA
WILL + PODMT + BE + PEST PTOMN
Will you be waiting ? Bude ekat?
ZPOR
Zpor se tvo pidnm zporky not k pomocnmu slove-
su will. V zporu se asto pouv staen tvar wont.
PODMT + WONT + BE + PEST PTOMN
(WILL NOT)
I wont (will not) be waiting. Nebudu ekat.
POUIT
Dj bude probhat v uritou dobu nebo po uritou dobu.
This time tomorrow they will be leaving.
Ztra touto dobou budou odjdt.
c) JIN ZPSOBY VYJADOVN
BUDOUCNOSTI
1) BE GOING TO
TVOEN
BE + GOING + TO + INFINITIV
I am going to buy a new car. Koupm si nov auto.
He is going to wear a suit. Vezme si na sebe oblek.
OTZKA
BE + PODMT + GOING + TO + INFINITIV
Are you going to fy there? Polet tam?
What is he going to do? Co bude dlat?
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme pomocnm slovesem am / is / are, v zporu
m not / isnt / arent.
Is she going to buy it? Koup si to?
+

Yes, she is. Ano, koup.
No, she isnt. Ne, nekoup.
ZPOR
Zpor se tvo pidnm zporky not ke slovesu be
v pslunm tvaru. V zporu se asto pouvaj staen
tvary m not / isnt / arent.
PODMT + BE NOT + GOING + TO + INFINITIV
YESTERDAY AT 5 We were playing tennis.
NOW AT 5 We are having dinner.
TOMORROW AT 5
We will be lying on the beach.
vysvtlivka
I am going to = Im going to
you are going to = youre going to
he is going to = hes going to
she is going to = shes going to
it is going to = its going to
we are going to = were going to
you are going to = youre going to
they are going to = theyre going to
vysvtlivka
+

He is going to move to the country.
? Is he going to move to the country?
tahk
70
They arent (are not) going to dance. Nebudou tancovat.
Im not (am not) going to study. Nebudu studovat.
POUIT
a) pln
I am going to study maths.
Mm v myslu studovat matematiku.
They are going to get married next year.
Maj v myslu se vzt pt rok.

b) pedpoklad zaloen na objektivnch okolnostech
Look at the sky. Its going to be another sunny day.
Koukni se na nebe. Bude zase hezk den.
2) PTOMN AS PRBHOV
jist budoucnost
They are leaving tomorrow. They have already bought the
tickets. Ztra odjdj. U si koupili jzdenku.
3) PTOMN AS PROST
jzdn dy, rozvrhy, programy
The bus leaves at 5. Autobus odjd v 5.
English fnishes at 11: 30. Anglitina kon v pl dvanct.
The movie starts at 7. Kino zan v 7.
4) BE ABOUT TO + INFINITIV
BE ON THE POINT OF + GERUNDIUM
bezprostedn budoucnost
I am about to leave. U odchzm.
I am on the point of leaving. Jsem na odchodu.
Cvien 11.1.

Doplte do vt slovesa z rmeku
ve sprvnm ase.
sit have, come make pass play
listen fy take cry read
ski not tell do leave post
1) This time next week we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the
Alps.
2) Why are you buying four? I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dumplings.
3) I cant go to the cinema tonight. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
cards with my neighbours.
4) I think I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a taxi. Its late.
5) What . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
on Sunday? Nothing special.
6) Do you think she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the exam?
7) Look at that little boy. He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) What time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . our bus
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? At 4:30.
9) Dont forget to post the letter, please. I promise,
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it as soon as possible.
10) Next Thursday they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
to Moscow.
11) Have you read the newspaper? Not yet,
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it after breakfast.
I am not going to = Im not going to
you are not going to = you arent going to
he is not going to = he isnt going to
she is not going to = she isnt going to
it is not going to = it isnt going to
we are not going to = we arent going to
you are not going to = you arent going to
they are not going to = they arent going to
vysvtlivka
It will be sunny today.
Dnes bude sluneno. pedpov poas
Its going to be sunny today.
Dnes bude sluneno. nebe je bez mrak
zajmavost
Prostudujte si kapitolu Ptomn
as prbhov na stran 51
odkaz
Prostudujte si kapitolu Ptomn
as prost na stran 49
odkaz
71
12) Keep it secret! Of course, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
anybody, I swear.
13) We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a party next Saturday.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
14) Why is he turning the radio on?
He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the news.
15) This time tomorrow she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . on the
plane to Stockholm.
Cvien 11.2. Vyberte sprvnou monost.
1) I dont have any money on me. I WILL / AM GOING TO
lend you some.
2) Will you PASS / BE PASSING the newsagent when you
are out?
3) Look at that mess in your room! When WILL YOU / ARE
YOU GOING TO tidy up?
4) I dont think they WILL HELP / ARE HELPING you.
5) Look at those clouds. It WILL / IS GOING TO rain.
6) History WILL START / STARTS at 8:30.
7) Where are you going? I AM GOING TO / WILL buy some
fruit.
8) If you do it again, I WILL / AM GOING TO tell your mum.
9) Oh dear, its almost midnight. I WILL / AM GOING TO be
late.
10) I am sure, you WILL / ARE GOING TO like it.
72
12. Pedbudouc as
a) PROST
TVOEN
WILL + HAVE + PEST MINUL
She will have done it before we arrive.
Bude to mt udlan, ne tam pijdeme.
pravidelnch sloves.
U nepravidelnch se tvo nepravideln viz
pehled nepravidelnch sloves na stran 135
OTZKA
WILL + PODMT + HAVE + PEST MINUL
Will she have done it before we arrive?
Bude to mt udlan, ne pijdeme?
ZPOR
Tvo se pidnm zporky not k pomocnmu slovesu will.
V zporu se asto pouv staen tvar wont.
PODMT + WONT + HAVE + PEST MINUL
(WILL NOT)
She wont (will not) have done it before we arrive.
POUIT
dj, kter skon v budoucnosti ped uritou dobou
nebo ped jinm djem
I will have fnished it by the time you come.
Budu to mt hotov, ne pijde.
VRAZY POJC SE S PEDBUDOUCM ASEM
before ne
by the time a, ne
until dokud ne
Po tchto vrazech je v anglitin ptomn as,
nikoli budouc. Viz kapitola asov vty na stran 121.
Prostuduj si nepravideln slovesa na stran 135
odkaz
+

She will have done it.
? Will she have done it?
tahk
will not = wont
vysvtlivka
Prostuduj si kapitolu
asov vty na stran 121
odkaz
Jane has known Peter for 9 years.
Jana se zn s Petrem 9 let.
Next year Jane will have known Peter for 10 years.
Pt rok bude Jana znt Petra 10 let.
Jane had known Peter for 5 years
before she married him.
Jana znala Petra 5 let, ne si ho vzala.
zajmavost
73
b) PRBHOV
TVOEN
WILL + HAVE + BEEN + PEST PTOMN
This time tomorrow we will have been sitting on the
plane for 3 hours.
Ztra touto dobou u budeme sedt 3 hodiny v letadle.
OTZKA
ZPOR
will. V zporu se asto pouv staen tvar wont.
POUIT
vyjaduje budouc dj, kter trv a do uritho okamiku
v budoucnosti. asto je uvedeno, jak dlouho dj trv.
When you come home she will have been waiting there for
an hour. A pijde dom, bude tam u hodinu ekat.
PEDBUDOUC AS A BUDOUC AS PRBHOV
At 7 tomorrow she will be watching a soap opera.
Ztra v 7 se bude dvat na seril.
At 8 tomorrow the soap opera will have fnished.
Ztra v 8 u bude po serilu.
Cvien 12.1.

Doplte do vt slovesa v pedbudoucm
ase prostm nebo prbhovm.
1) By 7 he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . maths for ten hours.
LEARN
2) By the end of July they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the project. FINISH
3) Before she arrives, he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the tickets. BUY
4) By the end of this year I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for this
company for 15 years. WORK
5) In April they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . together for
20 years. BE
6) By the time he arrives home his wife
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lunch for him PREPARE
7) I hope I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . enough money to buy
a new bike before the summer. SAVE
8) Next year we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English for
10 years. LEARN
9) My parents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the same town
for 15 years. LIVE
10) By the time you get there everybody
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LEAVE
Test 6
1) What . . . . . . . on Sunday? I . . . . . . . tennis with Tom.
A) do you do, play
B) are you doing, am playing
C) will you do, will play D) are you doing, will play
2) Next year they . . . . . . . here for 20 years.
A) live B) will be living
C) will live D) will have been living
3) We . . . . . . . beach volleyball when it . . . . . . . raining.
A) played, started B) were playing, started
C) were playing, was starting
D) played, was starting
4) John . . . . . . . single since Mary . . . . . . . him last year.
A) is, left B) has been, has left
C) has been, left D) is, has left
5) When we . . . . . . . to the concert, it . . . . . . . .
A) got, had already started B) got, has already started
C) had got, started D) has got, started
6) When . . . . . . .?
A) it happened B) did it happened
C) did it happen D) does it happened
7) What . . . . . . . happened? Nothing, everything is OK.
A) is B) has C) does D) had
8) The bag is heavy. . . . . . . . I carry it for you?
A) Will B) Do C) Am D) Shall
9) Look at the picture! It . . . . . . . down.
A) will fall B) is going to fall
C) does fall D) will be falling
74
10) The man . . . . . . . at the corner for an hour before he
. . . . . . . the way.
A) has been standing, asked B) was standing, asked
C) stood, asked
D) had been standing, asked
11) . . . . . . . James? Yes, we . . . . . . . each other for fve years.
A) Do you know, have known
B) Have you known, have known
C) Do you know, know D) Have you known, know
12) When and where . . . . . . . your wife?
A) were you meeting B) did you met
C) did you meet D) you did meet
13) Oh no, I . . . . . . . my phone at home.
A) have leave B) have left C) left D) had left
14) Julia . . . . . . . her credit card last Monday and since then
she . . . . . . . problems with money.
A) has lost, has has B) lost, had
C) lost, has has D) lost, has had
15) We . . . . . . . Wales but two years ago we . . . . . . . Scotland.
A) have never been to, were in
B) had never been to, were in
C) have never been to, have been to
D) had never been to, have been to
16) Graham . . . . . . . his car happily when the police . . . . . . .
for speeding.
A) drove, stopped B) drove, was stopping
C) was driving, was stopping
D) was driving, stopped
17) We . . . . . . . the holiday and next Wednesday we . . . . . . .
for Corfu.
A) had just booked, will leave
B) have just booked, will leave
C) have just booked, we are going to leave
D) have just booked, are leaving
18) How long . . . . . . . the piano? I . . . . . . . last year.
A) do you play, started B) are you playing, started
C) have you been playing, started
D) have you played, have started
19) The box is empty! Children, who . . . . . . . all the
chocolates?
A) ate B) has been eating
C) has eaten D) is eating
20) What would you like to drink? I . . . . . . . a cup of tea.
A) m going to have B) ll have
C) m having D) have
75
13. Tzac dovtek
She is an actress, isnt she? Je hereka, e?
odpovd eskmu e ano, e ne?
pouvme pomocn nebo modln sloveso
je-li tvrzen kladn, je obvykle tzac dovtek zporn
a naopak
Tvrzen Dovtek
I am pretty, arent I?
I am not stupid, am I?
It is theirs, isnt it?
It isnt yours, is it?
This is your bag, isnt it?
She works a lot, doesnt she?
We dont know it, do we?
She was sick, wasnt she?
He wasnt with her, was he?
Tom sold it, didnt he?
Jane didnt ask, did she?
They have understood, havent they?
Kate will be there, wont she?
They must keep it, mustnt they?
They neednt worry, need they?
You cant speak French, can you?
He should come, shouldnt he?
She shouldnt have done it, should she?
There are three trees in our garden, arent there?
There isnt a direct train to Nettlestead, is there?
You would do it, wouldnt you?
Do it, will you?
Dont forget, will you?
Lets go, shall we?
Cvien 13.1. Doplte do vt tzac dovtky.
1) There is no room left, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
2) This wasnt your decision, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
3) Dont talk nonsense, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
4) I am such a smart boy, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) They didnt hear that, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
6) You have got a brother, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
7) Stop it, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
8) Lets meet in front of the cinema, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
9) You never know what to say, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
10) Paul has never liked this music, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
11) I saw him last night, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
12) Val has left her husband, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
13) He neednt be there, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
14) They will never forgive me, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
15) You wouldnt cheat, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
16) They arent allowed to smoke at home, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
17) You know why, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
18) She shouldnt have gone there, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
19) Lucas has a new motorbike, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
20) We all understand it, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
Tzac dovtek m opan
znamnko ne tvrzen.
+

He is handsome, isnt he?
+

She doesnt work, does she?
zapamatuj si
Lets go, shall we?
Dont stop, will you?
zajmavost
76
a) slovesa vyjadujc postoj, nzor i pn
to think myslet (mt nzor)
to know vdt, znt
to understand rozumt, chpat
to mean mnit, znamenat
to seem zdt se
to appear jevit se
to wish pt si
to want chtt
to hope doufat
to prefer dvat pednost
to believe vit
to need potebovat
to doubt pochybovat
to consider povaovat
to realise uvdomit si
Nkter slovesa v jinm vznamu tvo prbhov as.
to think pemlet, myslet ( na )
to consider uvaovat ( o )
I think you are right. Myslm, e m pravdu.
I am thinking. Pemlm.
b) slovesa vyjadujc citov vztah
to like mt rd, lbit se
to love milovat
to hate nenvidt
to mind vadit
to dislike nemt rd
c) slovesa smyslovho vnmn
to see vidt
to hear slyet
to taste chutnat
to feel ctit (hlad)
to smell smrdt, vont
U sloves smyslovho vnmn asto pouvme modln
sloveso can, could.
I can see that. To vidm.
Nkter slovesa v jinm vznamu tvo prbhov as.
to see navtvit, doprovodit
to smell ichat
to taste ochutnvat
The soup tastes horrible. Ta polvka chutn stran.
She is tasting the soup. Ochutnv polvku.
He can see that. Vid to.
He is seeing his mother in the afternoon.
Odpoledne jde k matce.
d) slovesa vlastnictv
to have mt
to belong patit
to contain obsahovat
Sloveso have netvo prbhov as, pokud je pouito
ve vznamu vlastnit.
Ve frzch tvo prbhov as.
I have a bath in the bathroom. Mm v koupeln vanu.
I am having a bath. Koupu se.
14. Slovesa netvoc prbhov as
Po slovesech taste, smell, feel
nsleduje pdavn jmno.
It tastes good. Chutn to dobe.
The rose smells nice. Ta re von.
zajmavost
to smell vydvat vni
nebo zpach
to smell bad smrdt
to smell nice vont
pikantnost
I see. Aha. Chpu.
I can see him. Vidm ho.
I am seeing him tonight.
Dneska veer ho navtvm.
pikantnost
77
e) ostatn slovesa netvoc prbhov as
to forget zapomenout
to remember pamatovat si, vzpomenout si
to consist skldat se
to concern tkat se
to matter zleet
to suppose pedpokldat
1) Be quiet! I AM THINKING / THINK.
2) The dinner IS SMELLING / SMELLS good.
3) I AM FEELING / FEEL hungry.
4) Where is Ben? He IS HAVING / HAS a bath.
5) I AM NEEDING / NEED a change. I AM THINKING / THINK
of changing my job.
6) The bread IS TASTING / TASTES of garlic.
7) My dad IS SEEING / SEES the dentist next week.
8) Why IS SHE SMELLING / DOES SHE SMELL those
fowers? They are plastic.
9) I AM NOT THINKING / DONT THINK he IS THINKING /
THINKS about his girlfriend at the moment.
10) It IS SMELLING / SMELLS good and IS TASTING / TASTES
even better.
Sloveso have ve frzch tvo prbhov as.
to have a bath koupat se
to have a shower sprchovat se
to have a chat popovdat si
to have a row pohdat se
to have a rest odpoinout si
to have a swim zaplavat si
to have a smoke zakouit si
to have breakfast sndat
to have lunch obdvat
to have dinner veeet
At 6 yesterday we were having dinner.
Vera v 6 jsme veeeli.
zajmavost
78
15. Gerundium
Gerundium m stejn tvar jako pest ptomn.
INFINITIV + ING
sitting
having
Ptomn Minul
inn asking having asked
Trpn being asked having been asked
SLOVESA S GERUNDILN VAZBOU
to admit piznat, pipustit
to deny popt
to consider uvaovat o
to enjoy mt poten z
to adore obdivovat
to fancy mt rd
to like mt rd
to love milovat
to mind vadit
to hate nenvidt
to suggest navrhovat
to avoid vyhnout se
to excuse omluvit
to forgive odpustit
to go on pokraovat
to keep (on) pokraovat
to stand snst
to imagine pedstavit si
to give up nechat neho
to put of asov odloit
to postpone asov odloit
to risk riskovat
to regret litovat
They enjoy dancing.
Rdi tancuj.
I suggest leaving.
Navrhuji odejt.
I cant stand being told what to do.
Nesnm, kdy mi nkdo k, co mm dlat.
He doesnt mind speaking in public.
Nevad mu mluvit na veejnosti.
Cvien 15.1. Doplte do vt slovesa z rmeku.
swim go get fy be eat take
have to sit steal meet smoke stand
1) I enjoy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . new people. That is what
I like about my job.
2) I always try to avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the UK.
I prefer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . there by ferry.
3) Why are you still single? Have you ever considered
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . married?
4) Why are you always walking with the headphones on?
You risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . run over by something.
Prostuduj si zmny v pravopisu
pest ptomnho viz
kapitola 7. Ptomn as na stran 49
odkaz
Sloveso love m krom vznamu
milovat i vznam mt nco hodn rd.
V anglitin nen tak expresivn jako v etin.
She loves dancing. Moc rda tancuje.
poznmka
Po slovese suggest nesm narozdl
od etiny nsledovat infnitiv.
He suggested doing it again.
Navrhl to udlat znovu.
zapamatuj si
I like reading. Rd tu.
Id like to read. Rd bych si etl.
zajmavost
79
5) I hate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . get up early.
6) Somebody was ringing. They kept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
their lunch and didnt answer the door.
7) Lets have a smoke. Dont you know I have just given up
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
8) Our trains are so dirty. I prefer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) The robber admitted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the
money but he denied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the credit
card.
10) The water was cold. We didnt fancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
in it.
SLOVESA S GERUNDILN VAZBOU PO PEDLOCE
to accuse of obvinit z
to be afraid of bt se
to be fond of mt rd
to be capable of bt schopen
to look forward to tit se na
to prevent from zabrnit v
to stop (from) zabrnit v
to be proud of bt pyn na
to be used to bt zvykl na
to succeed in uspt v
to congratulate on gratulovat k
to insist on trvat na
to apologise for omluvit se za
to suspect of podezrat z
to rely on spolehnout se na
to forgive for prominout
I hope she will succeed in solving the problem
Doufm, e se j poda vyeit ten problm.
They suspect him of being involved in it.
Podezraj ho, e je v tom zapleten.
Would the salary prevent you from taking the job?
Byl by plat dvodem k odmtnut t prce?
Cvien 15.2.

Doplte do vt pedloky a slovesa
ve sprvnm tvaru.
1) I apologise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . late.
2) All his classmates congratulated him
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the exam.
3) Would a rise in pay prevent you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
this job?
4) Jane was afraid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . robbed, so she
took a taxi.
5) They accused the man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one
million.
6) She didnt spend any money last night because he
insisted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for the lunch.
7) The police stopped all the vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
into the street.
8) Forgive me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., but how much did
you pay for this beautiful skirt?
9) I was there, believe me. Why are you suspecting me
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . there?
10) I look forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you soon.
SLOVESA S GERUNDILN I INFINITIVN VAZBOU
BEZE ZMNY VZNAMU
It started to rain. = It started raining. Zaalo pret.
Tam, kde lze pout podstatn
jmno, lze pout i gerundium.
I love apples. Mm moc rd jablka.
I love swimming. Moc rd plavu.
I look forward to the party. Tm se na verek.
I look forward to meeting him.
Tm se, a se s nm uvidm.
vysvtlivka
Pozor na astou chybu.
I look forward to see you.
I look forward to seeing you.
Tm se, e se uvidme.
To nen v tomto ppad infnitivn
stice, ale pedloka.
zapamatuj si
I look forward to hearing
from you soon.
Tm se na Vai odpov.
Frze pouvajc se na konci dopisu.
pikantnost
to like mt rd
to love milovat
to hate nenvidt
to begin zat
to start zat
80
Nkter slovesa maj jin vznam, nsleduje-li po nich
gerundium, a jin vznam, nsleduje-li po nich infnitiv.
TRY
try + gerundium zkusit
try + infnitiv snait se
He tried counting sheep, but it didnt help.
Zkusil potat oveky, ale nepomohlo to.
He tried to push it, but it was too heavy.
Snail se to posunout, ale bylo to pli tk.
STOP
stop + gerundium pestat
stop + infnitiv zastavit se
She stopped smoking three years ago.
Ped 3 lety pestala kouit.
She stopped to have a smoke.
Zastavila se, aby si zakouila.
FORGET
forget + gerundium zapomenout, e
forget + infnitiv zapomenout nco udlat
I almost forgot having met him last night.
Skoro jsem zapomnl, e jsem ho vera veer potkal.
I forgot to lock the door.
Zapomnl jsem zamknout dvee.
REMEMBER
remember + gerundium pamatovat si, e
remember + infnitiv vzpomenout si nco udlat
I remember posting the letter.
Pamatuju si, e jsem ten dopis poslal.
I must remember to post the letter.
Musm si vzpomenout poslat ten dopis.
HELP
cant help + gerundium nemoci si pomoci
help + infnitiv pomoci nco udlat
He couldnt help laughing. Nemohl se udret smchy.
He helped me (to) tidy up. Pomohl mi uklidit.
REGRET
regret + gerundium litovat, e se nco stalo
regret + infnitiv litovat, e se nco stane
I regret saying that. Lituji, e jsem to ekl
We regret to inform you that the train will be delayed.
S ltost vs musme informovat, e vlak bude mt zpodn.
NEED
The grass needs cutting. = The grass needs to be cut.
Ta trva potebuje posekat.
Cvien 15.3. Dejte slovesa do sprvnho tvaru.
1) You look scrufy. Your coat needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CLEAN
2) John was so funny. We couldnt help
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LAUGH
3) I regret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her so many bad things.
TELL
4) Jim, dont forget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . me. CALL
5) My granny stopped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . last year.
WORK
6) They will never forget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the
Alps for the frst time. SKI
7) Will you help us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . this wardrobe?
Its heavy. MOVE
8) We regret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the cancellation of
fight MO 102 to Moscow. ANNOUNCE
9) I remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the door. LOCK
10) I have never tried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WINDSURF
GERUNDILN FRZE
The flm is worth reading.
Ten flm stoj za zhldnut.
Its no use doing it. Nem cenu to dlat.
Theres no point in having your own car.
Nem smysl mt vlastn auto.
We had difculty fnding the pub.
Mli jsme problm tu hospodu najt.
Its a waste of time waiting here.
ekat tady je ztrta asu.
Buying it would be a waste of money.
Koupit to by byly vyhozen penze.
They were too busy preparing their holiday.
Mli moc prce s ppravou dovolen.
Lets go fshing. Pojme na ryby.
I feel like having a snack. Nco bych zakousl.
81
Cvien 15.4. Spojte zatky a konce vt.
1) Its no use A) a waste of money.
2) Theres no point B) doing other things.
3) Do you feel C) crying over spilt milk.
4) The flm is worth D) like having dinner out?
5) Watching the flm was E) a waste of time.
6) Buying a new car F) like going there with you.
every year is
7) I hope you will have G) fnding our house.
no difculty
8) I dont feel H) in getting up early if you
dont have to.
9) Lets go I) seeing.
10) Sorry we didnt help J) swimming.
you. We were busy
PEKLDN GERUNDIA DO ETINY
a) infnitivem
It stopped raining. Pestalo pret.
b) podstatnm jmnem slovesnm
The book is worth reading. Ta kniha stoj za peten.
c) vedlej vtou
I remember having read the book before.
Pamatuji si, e jsem tu knihu etl u dve.
d) pechodnkem
ptomnm pro dva souasn dje, v anglitin vyjdeny
ptomnm gerundiem
Sitting on the chair, he fell asleep. Usnul, sed na idli.
minulm pro dva nesouasn dje, v anglitin vyjdeny
minulm gerundiem
Having got the information, he left.
Dostav ty informace, odeel.
Cvien 15.5.

Pelote nsledujc vty pomoc gerundiln vazby.
1) Pot co ekl ve, co chtl, odeel bez rozlouen.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Pestalo pret a zaalo snit.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Zapomnla, e mi pjila penze.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Pamatuji si, e jsem to okno zavel. Nem smysl se vracet.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) (Ne)vadilo by ti ztlumit to rdio?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) Podezvaj ho, e bere drogy.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Tm se, e se brzy uvidme.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Omluvte m, e jsem se opozdil.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) Nesnm, kdy mi nkdo k, co mm dlat.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) N byt potebuje vymalovat.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
16. Infnitiv
INN
Prost Prbhov
Ptomn to ask to be asking
Minul to have asked to have been asking
I would like to ask you for it. Rd bych vs o to podal.
He seems to be coming. Zd se, e prv pichz.
They seem to have misunderstood it.
Zd se, e to patn pochopili.
She appears to have been waiting there for a long time.
Zd se, e tam ekala dlouho.
The man is alleged to have stolen a lot of money.
Ten mu dajn ukradl spoustu penz.
TRPN
Prost
Ptomn to be asked
Minul to have been asked
I hope to be employed soon.
Doufm, e budu brzy zamstnan.
INFINITIV BEZ TO
a) po modlnch a pomocnch slovesech
He can sing. Um zpvat.
He must have done it. Urit to udlal.
b) po slovesech smyslovho vnmn v innm rod
hear, see, watch, observe, feel
I saw him come. Vidl jsem ho pijt.
ale
He was seen to come. Byl spaten, jak piel.
c) po slovesech let a make, make pouze v innm rod
She let him leave Dovolila mu odejt.
They made me do it. Donutili m to udlat.
ale
I was made to do it. Byl jsem donucen to udlat.
d) po vazbch I d better, I d rather
I d better leave. Ml bych radji odejt.
I d rather leave. Radji bych odeel.
Ptomn infnitiv vyjaduje dje,
kter probhaj souasn.
Minul infnitiv vyjaduje nesouasn dje.
He is said to be busy.
k se(te), e m hodn prce(te).
He is said to have been busy.
k se(te), e ml hodn prce(dve).
vysvtlivka
Jedin modln sloveso, po nm
nsleduje infnitiv s to, je ought.
You should go there. = You ought to go there.
poznmka
I saw him come. Vidl jsem ho pijt.
I saw him coming. Vidl jsem ho pichzet.
zajmavost
They made me leave.
inn rod-infnitiv bez to
I was made to leave.
trpn rod-infnitiv s to
zapamatuj si
hed better = he had better
ml by radji - doporuen
hed rather = he would rather
radji by - pn
vysvtlivka
83
e) po slovesech need, help, dare me nsledovat infnitiv
s i bez to
We helped him do it. = We helped him to do it.
Cvien 16.1. Doplte do vt, pokud je teba let, make,
d better, d rather, a slovesa ve sprv-
nm tvaru.
1) The weather is terrible. It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . me . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . depressed. FEEL
2) My parents werent strict with me. They
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
whatever I wanted. DO
3) The book was really moving. It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CRY
4) Why do you always . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . other
people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your job? DO
5) He was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . his suitcase at the
customs. OPEN
6) I advise you to stay here overnight. Believe me, you . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . now. NOT LEAVE
7) When did you arrive home last night.?
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NOT HEAR, COME
8) He never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to other men. TALK
9) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you
where I found it. NOT TELL
10) Suzy was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
French even though she is a beginner. SPEAK
VAZBA 1. PDU S INFINITIVEM
a) po slovesech v innm rod
to seem zdt se
to appear zdt se, jevit se
to prove ukzat se
to happen nhodou
She seems to be busy. Zd se, e je zaneprzdnn.
She seems to have been busy.
Zd se, e byla zaneprzdnn (ped tm).
She seemed to be busy. Zdlo se, e je zaneprzdnn.
She seemed to have been busy.
Zdlo se, e byla zaneprzdnn (ped tm).
They happened to know it. Nhodou to vdli.
Do you happen to know where it is?
Nev nhodou, kde to je?
Cvien 16.2. Pepite vty tak, aby mly stejn vznam.
1) It seems that she is leaving.
She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) It seems that the company had a pre tax proft of
10 million pounds.
The company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) It seems that Ben lost his wallet on the bus.
Ben . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) It seemed that they hadnt heard it before.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) It seems that Suzy has a lot of friends.
Suzy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) po slovesech v trpnm rod
to say kat
to expect oekvat
to think myslet
to believe vit
to announce oznmit
to know znt
to allege tvrdit
It is said (that) he is sick. = He is said to be sick.
k se, e je nemocen.
It is said (that) he was sick. = He is said to have been sick.
k se, e byl nemocen.
It was said (that) he was sick. = He was said to be sick.
kalo se, e je nemocen.
She seems to be sick.
Zd se, e je j patn. (dnes, dnes)
She seems to have been sick.
Zd se, e j bylo patn. (dnes, vera)
She seemed to be sick.
Zdlo se, e je j patn. (vera, vera)
She seemed to have been sick.
Zdlo se, e j bylo patn. (vera, pedevrem)
vysvtlivka
84
It was said (that) he had been sick.. = He was said to have
been sick. kalo se, e byl nemocen.
1) It is known that he is a good singer.
He is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) It is expected they will do it tomorrow.
They are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) People believe she didnt do it.
She is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) It was announced that there had been four people
killed in the storm.
Four people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) It is supposed that his latest book is very good. . . . . . . . .
His latest book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c) dal infnitivn vazby
to be likely pravdpodobn
to be unlikely pravdpodobn ne
to be sure urit
to be easy snadno
to be difcult obtn
to be impossible nemon
to be happy bt astn, rd
to be lucky mt tst
to be glad bt rd
to be pleased bt poten
to be safe bt bezpen
Your handwriting is difcult to read.
Je tk st tvj rukopis.
It is almost impossible to read. Je skoro nemon to pest.
She is unlikely to go there. Pravdpodobn tam nepjde.
He is difcult to talk to. Je tk s nm mluvit.
1) It is easy to be with her.
She is easy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) They will probably come tomorrow.
They are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) It was believed that he had done it.
He was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) It is difcult to live with them.
They are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) People say that James is staying with Ruth.
James is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) It is known that they had problems with money last
year.
They are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) People think it happened many years ago.
It is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) I dont think she will come.
She is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) It seems that he is leaving.
He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
It is said that she is 98 years old. =
= She is said to be 99 years old.
k se, e je j 99 let.
zapamatuj si
He is happy to be there. Je rd, e tam je.
He is lucky to be there. M tst, e tam je.
vysvtlivka
(I am) pleased to meet you.
Jsem rd, e vs poznvm.
pikantnost
85
10) You can drink the water.
The water is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) It seemed that they had had a perfect holiday.
They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) I am sure Jane will pass the exam.
Jane is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) It is impossible to talk to him now.
He is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) It seems the company lost a lot of money last year.
The company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) It is reported that three people have been killed in the
accident.
Three people are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VAZBA PEDMTOVHO PDU S INFINITIVEM
a) po slovesech
to want chtt
to tell ci
to ask podat
to invite pozvat
to order poruit
to expect oekvat
to would like chtt
to believe vit
to consider povaovat
I asked him to excuse me.
Podal jsme ho, aby m omluvil.
I would like them to go there. Chtl bych, aby tam li.
Tell him not to do it again. ekni mu, aby to u nedlal.
Vazba pedmtovho pdu s infnitivem se me tak pojit
s trpnm rodem:
Do you expect the book to be sent by mail?
Oekvte, e tu knihu polou potou?
Cvien 16.5. Pelote nsledujc vty do anglitiny.
Pouijte vazbu pedmtovho pdu
s infnitivem.
1) Chci, abyste tomu rozumli.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Podali ji, aby je omluvila.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Pro mi kte, abych to nedlal?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Oekvte, e se vrt do soboty?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Poruili nm, abychom neopoutli pokoj.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) Nechci, aby to vdli.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Neoekvali jsme, e to bude tak daleko.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Chtli byste, abychom tu s vmi zstali?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) Pozvali ns, abychom se k nim pidali.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) Opravdu chtli, abys to udlal?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

86
17. Trpn rod
PODMT + BE + PEST MINUL
I am asked.
It has been said.
a) ptomn as
inn rod Trpn rod
They ask me. I am asked
Jsem tzn. (opakovan)
They are asking me. I am being asked
Jsem tzn. (prv te)
b) minul as
inn rod Trpn rod
They asked me. I was asked
Byl jsem tzn.
They were asking me. I was being asked
Byl jsem (prv) tzn.
c) pedptomn as
inn rod Trpn rod
They have asked me. I have been asked.
Byl jsem (do)tzn.
d) pedminul as
inn rod Trpn rod
They had asked me. I had been asked.
Byl jsem (do)tzn.
e) budouc as
inn rod Trpn rod
They will ask me. I will be asked.
Budu tzn.
f) pedbudouc as
inn rod Trpn rod
They will have asked me. I will have been asked.
Budu (do)tzn.
g) ptomn kondicionl
inn rod Trpn rod
They would ask me. I would be asked.
Byl bych tzn.
h) minul kondicionl
inn rod Trpn rod
They would have asked me. I would have been asked.
Byl bych bval tzn.
i) trpn rod po modlnch slovesech
inn rod Trpn rod
You must do it by
tomorrow.
It must be done by tomorrow.
Mus se to udlat do ztra.
Prostudujte si nepravideln
odkaz
Pest minul se tvo u pravidelnch
sloves pponou -ed.
U nepravidelnch sloves jej
najdeme ve tetm sloupeku.
vysvtlivka
The house is decorated every year.
Dm se maluje kad rok.
The house is being decorated.
Dm se prv maluje.
zapamatuj si
Shakespeare was born in 1564.
Shakespeare se narodil v roce 1564.
zajmavost
87
Cvien 17.1. Utvote vty v trpnm rod.
1) You can see it everywhere.
It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) We decorated our house last month.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) They will never discuss this matter.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) We took these photos in Greece.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) They wont have fnished this work by Monday.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) Have they left the house unlocked?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) They are discussing a very important problem at the
moment.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) We speak English here.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) We will never forget him.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) They have shot the Prime Minister.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trpn rod se tvo i od sloves, kter maj pedlokov
pedmt.
inn rod Trpn rod
A car ran over a dog.
Auto pejelo psa.
A dog was run over (by a car).
Pes byl pejet autem.

1) Mrs Black looks after our house when we are abroad.
Our house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) They havent spoken about that accident yet.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) They sent for Mr Smith.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) They will deal with this matter soon.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) I dont like people shouting at me.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vazba TO HAVE SOMETHING DONE
a) dt si nco udlat, nechat si nco udlat
I have had my hair cut. Nechal jsem si osthat vlasy.
ale
I have cut my hair. Osthal jsem si vlasy.
b) pihodit se nco nemilho
They had their luggage stolen. Ukradli jim zavazadla.
Cvien 17.3.

Utvote vty s pouitm vazby
to have something done.
1) I never clean my fat myself.
I always . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) They stole Joyce the wallet yesterday.
Joyce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) They have just repaired the heating.
We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
English is spoken here.
Zde se mluv anglicky.
Dogs must be kept on a leash.
Psi mus bt na vodtku.
Sold. Prodno.
pikantnost
88
4) They are servicing my car at the moment.
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) She always cuts her hair herself.
She never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TRPN ROD U SLOVES SE DVMA PEDMTY
Nkter slovesa maj dva pedmty.
Trpn rod se me tvoit dvma zpsoby.
inn rod Trpn rod
Jim gave Claire the book The book was given to Claire
Claire was given the book.
Stejnm zpsobem se tvo trpn rod u nsledujcch sloves:
to pay platit
to ofer nabdnout
to ask ptt se, dat
to show ukzat
to teach uit
to tell ci
to send poslat
1) They sent him an important letter.
He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) They have shown her how to do it.
She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) They will tell you about it soon.
You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) They asked me to wait.
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) They pay the employees weekly.
The employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) They ofered Sam the job.
Sam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) They teach the children to count.
The children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) They havent told us yet.
We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) Lucy asked the police for help.
The police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) How much will they pay you?
How much will you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Test 7
1) I suggest . . . . . . . it right now.
A) to do B) do C) did D) doing
2) You came late last night, didnt you? I didnt hear
you . . . . . . .
A) to come B) come C) comming D) came
3) Pat was made . . . . . . . there with them.
A) to go B) go C) going D) went
4) He is said . . . . . . . it last week.
A) to do B) do
C) to have done D) have done
5) Why are you staying with your son? We . . . . . . . our
fat . . . . . . . .
A) have, rebuild B) have, rebuilt
C) are having, rebuild D) are having, rebuilt
6) The police told us it . . . . . . . the day before.
A) has been stolen B) was stolen
C) is stolen D) had been stolen
7) They seem . . . . . . . in a while.
A) to leave B) to have left
C) to be leaving D) leave
8) Our teacher never . . . . . . . questions.
A) lets us ask B) let us to ask
C) lets us to ask D) let us asking
9) Lionel . . . . . . . the job yesterday.
A) was ofered B) is ofered
C) is ofering D) has been ofered
89
10) Last year was successful. Our frm seems . . . . . . . a proft.
A) to be making B) to make
C) made D) to have made
11) Did you have difculty . . . . . . . our house?
A) fnding B) with fnding
C) fnd D) to fnd
12) My husband never repairs our car. He always . . . . . . . .
A) has repaired it B) has it repaired
C) has it repair D) is having it repair
13) The burglar admitted . . . . . . . the same house before.
A) to have broken into B) to break into
C) having broken into D) breaking into
14) He stopped . . . . . . . fve years ago. That is why he cant
stand other people . . . . . . .
A) smoking, smoking B) to smoke, to smoke
C) smoking, to smoke D) to smoke, smoking
15) Believe me, I . . . . . . . about it.
A) told B) telling
C) wasnt told D) having told
16) Who . . . . . . . America discovered . . . . . . .?
A) is, by B) was, by
C) has been, by D) was discovered, with
17) It . . . . . . . at the meeting next Wednesday.
A) will be announced B) will be announcing
C) will announce D) will be announce
18) You risk . . . . . . . a car. Use the zebra crossing!
A) knocking over by B) being knock over
C) having been knocked D) being knocked over
19) Where is Sarah? She . . . . . . . her hair . . . . . . .
A) has, do B) has, done
C) is having, do D) is having, done
20) Stop . . . . . . . me . . . . . . . it again and again.
A) making, say B) to make, say
C) making, to say D) to make, to say
90
2. OSOBA JEDNOTNHO I MNONHO SLA
= infnitiv bez to
Say it. ekni to. eknte to.
Help her. Pomoz j. Pomozte j.
Pro zdraznn meme pout pomocn sloveso do.
Do give me a ring. Zavolej mi.
Zpor
Dont go there. Necho tam. Nechote tam.
Dont shout. Neki. Nekite.
1. OSOBA MNONHO SLA
LETS + INFINTIV BEZ TO
Lets go. Pojme.
Lets take it. Vezmme si to.
Zpor
Lets not stay here. Nezstvejme tady.
OSTATN OSOBY
LET + PODSTATN JMNO + INFINITIV BEZ TO
NEBO ZJMENO
Let Jim do it. A to udl Jim.
Let me say a few words. Dovolte mi ci pr slov.
Zpor
Dont let him take it. A si to nebere.
Cvien 18.1. Utvote zporn vty v rozkazovacm
zpsobu. Pouijte slovesa z rmeku.
take close leave touch worry
shout open speak stand up say
1) Keep the window open.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Lets wait.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Shh, whisper.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) You neednt worry.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Its cold outside. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the window.
6) Sit down.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) He mustnt say things like that.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) The children shouldnt talk to strangers.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) The paint is still wet.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it.
10) He shouldnt take advantage of you like that.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18. Rozkazovac zpsob
Leave me alone! Nech(te) m bt.
Welcome. Vtej(te).
Shut up! Zmlkni! Zmlknte!
Get out! Vypadni! Vypadnte!
pikantnost
Let us leave. = Lets leave.
vysvtlivka
Let it be. Nech to bt.
pikantnost
91
19. DO, MAKE
DO
homework udlat domc kol
an exam dlat zkouku
exercises cviit
the ironing ehlit
the washing prt
the washing up mt ndob
the shopping nakupovat
somebody a favour udlat nkomu laskavost
housework dlat domc prce
ones best snait se
well dait se dobe
That will do. To sta.
Well done. Vborn.
MAKE
a choice vybrat si
a decision rozhodnout se
a will napsat zv
a noise dlat hluk
a mistake udlat chybu
a bed ustlat postel
a phone call zavolat si
up ones mind rozhodnout se
a mess udlat nepodek
sure ujistit se
money vydlat penze
a speech pronst e
a proft mt zisk
a loss utrpt ztrtu
love milovat se
progress dlat pokroky
trouble dlat pote
up a story vymyslet si pbh
a fuss dlat povyk
friends sptelit se
an ofer uinit nabdku
a suggestion navrhnout
a diference mt vliv
fun dlat si legraci
sense dvat smysl
Cvien 19.1. Doplte do vt do nebo make
ve sprvnm tvaru.
1) My grandfather died without . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a will.
2) You arent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . any progress at all.
3) Mr White has . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a lot of money.
4) Careful, youve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a mistake.
5) Could you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . me a favour?
6) It doesnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . any diference.
7) She is friendly, so its easy for her . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
friends.
8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . love, not war.
9) Stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fun of me.
10) Excuse me, I have to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a phone
call.
11) I promise, Ill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . my best.
12) We must . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a decision by Tuesday.
13) Why are you always . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . trouble?
14) The President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a short speech
yesterday.
15) That will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I have had enough.
16) Have you already . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your
homework?
17) Go and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sure the window is
closed, please.
18) The children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . such a mess in
their room.
19) If you want to keep ft, you should . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
exercises regularly.
20) Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., Peter. It was really good.
21) Shall I help you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the washing
up?
22) She hasnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . up her mind yet.
23) My mum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a real fuss of my
children.
24) I dont understand it. It simply doesnt
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . any sense to me.
25) Dont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a noise. Im working.
92
20. Pslovce
TVOEN
a) Pslovce tvoen pponou -LY
PDAVN JMNO + LY
strict strictly
psn psn
Pravopis
-y po souhlsce se mn na i
easy easily
snadn snadno
-le vypout se-e a l splv
horrible horribly
hrozn hrozn
-ic ppona ally
tragic tragically
tragick tragicky
-ll pibr se jen-y
full fully
pln pln
-ue vypout se -u
true truly
pravdiv pravdiv
Vjimky
public publicly whole wholly
veejn veejn pln pln
b) Pslovce m stejn tvar jako pdavn jmno
early asn, asn
daily denn, denn
weekly tdenn, tdn
monthly msn, msn
fast rychl, rychle
likely pravdpodobn, pravdpodobn
straight pm, pmo
long dlouh, dlouho
Cvien 20.1. Utvote pslovce.
1) happy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) cheerful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) quiet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) incredible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) fnancial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) logical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) lazy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) straight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) whole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) usual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) fast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) heavy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c) Ppona ly dv pslovci jin vznam
deep hlubok, hluboko deeply hluboce
hard tvrd, tvrd hardly sotva
high vysok, vysoko highly vysoce
near blzk, blzko nearly tm
late pozdn, pozd lately nedvno
1) I could HARD / HARDLY read it. It was NEAR / NEARLY
illegible.
2) Jim can jump HIGH / HIGHLY.
careful carefully
zapamatuj si
See you soon. Uvidme se brzy (za chvli).
I get up early. Vstvm brzy (asn).
vysvtlivka
93
3) Have you met her LATE / LATELY?
4) We were DEEP / DEEPLY afected by her unexpected
death.
5) Phil will have to work HARD / HARDLY to pass the exam.
6) Mrs Jones is a HIGH / HIGHLY respected lawyer.
7) Its NEAR / NEARLY the same.
8) He lives NEAR / NEARLY the bus station.
9) They HARD / HARDLY know each other.
10) His English is GOOD / WELL. Yes, he speaks English
GOOD / WELL.
d) Pslovce tvoen pponami wards, -wise, -ways
afterwards potom
backwards pozptku
westward(s) smrem na zpad
forward dopedu
clockwise po smru hodinovch ruiek
counter-clockwise proti smru hod. ruiek
otherwise jinak
sideway stranou
e) Opisn zpsob
friendly ptelsk in a friendly way ptelsky
difcult obtn with difculty obtn
f) Ostatn pslovce
ENOUGH
PDAVN JMNO + ENOUGH
He is old enough to drive a car.
Je dost star na to, aby dil auto.
ENOUGH + PODSTATN JMNO
We dont have enough money. Nemme dost penz.
Cvien 20.3. Doplte do vt enough + vrazy
v zvorce.
1) We dont have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for everybody.
Well have to use cups instead. (GLASSES)
2) You are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to understand how
serious it is. (OLD)
3) We arent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to buy a new car
every year. (RICH)
4) I dont think you are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to get the
job. (EXPERIENCED)
5) Julia is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to win the race. (FAST)
6) We dont have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to make a cake.
(EGGS)
7) The house is not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for three
families. (BIG)
8) There should be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
for all the students. (DICTIONARIES)
9) He is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to lift it. (STRONG)
10) There isnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for all of us . (ROOM)
here zde
there tam
inside uvnit
outside venku, vn
already u
always vdy
often asto
sometimes nkdy
seldom zdkakdy
rarely mlokdy
never nikdy
still stle, jet
soon brzy
occasionally pleitostn
eventually nakonec
fnally nakonec,
konen
actually vlastn
almost tm
perhaps snad
enough dost
even dokonce
just prv, jen
rather ponkud
(negativn)
fairly ponkud
(pozitivn)
pretty dosti
quite celkem
absolutely naprosto
completely pln
so tak
by all means zajist
by no means vbec ne
quite quiet
Its quite good. Je to celkem dobr.
Be quiet! Bu(te) zticha!
pikantnost
He is so clever.
He is such a clever boy.
zajmavost
94
STUPOVN PSLOVC
a) pponami -er, -est
jednoslabin a early
fast faster fastest
rychle rychleji nejrychleji
b) opisem more, most
pslovce zakonen na -ly
easily more easily most easily
snadno snadnji nejsnadnji
vceslabin
often more often most often
asto astji nejastji
c) nepravideln stupovn
viz stupovn pdavnch jmen
Cvien 20.4. Vystupujte nsledujc pslovce.
1) fast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) slowly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) far . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) early . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) quickly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) late . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) often . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) badly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) successfully . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) little . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prostudujte si nepravideln
stupovn pslovc v kapitole 2.
Pdavn jmna na stran 17
odkaz
95
21. Pedloky
a) JEDNODUCH
about o, okolo, asi
above nad
across nap, pes
after po
against proti
ago ped (as)
along podl
among mezi (vce ne dvma)
around okolo
at u, v, na (mstn)
v, na (as)
before ped (as, vjimen mstn)
behind za (mstn)
below pod
beside vedle (mstn)
besides krom, mimo
between mezi (dvma)
beyond za, mimo
but krom, mimo
by 7. pd
u (mstn)
za, pi, do (as)
despite navzdory
down dol
during bhem
except krom
for pro
po dobu
na (as)
from od, z
in v (mstn)
za (as)
inside uvnit
into dovnit
like jako
near blzko
of 2. pd
z, o
of s (povrchu)
on na, o
opposite naproti
outside vn, mimo
over nad, pes, po
past kolem, po (as)
round kolem, okolo
since od (do ptomnosti)
through 7. pd
throughout po celm
till, until a do (as)
to k, do
towards smrem k, vi osob
under pod
unlike na rozdl od
up nahoru, vzhru
with s
within uvnit, v rozsahu
without bez, vn, ani
Cvien 21.1. Doplte do vt pedloky z rmeku.
into across of within towards
between by since except during
1) All our students live . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 kilometres.
2) The gallery is opened daily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sunday.
3) He was walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . his wife.
4) It happened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World War II.
5) There is a post ofce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the pub and
the theatre.
6) He wasnt careful and fell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the
ladder.
7) This book was written . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a famous
pop singer.
8) There is a new bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the river.
9) We have been here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . September.
10) Her latest novel has been translated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
three languages.
b) SLOEN
along with spolu s
as to co se te
as for co se te
out of z
up to a do, a k
next to u, vedle
96
c) SOUSLOVN
according to podle
apart from nehled k
because of kvli
by means of pomoc
in accordance with ve shod s
in case of pro ppad
in favour of ve prospch
in front of ped (mstn)
in spite of navzdory
instead of msto
in view of vzhledem k
on behalf of jmnem, ve prospch
owing to dky, kvli
regardless to bez ohledu na
thanks to dky
DLEIT PEDLOKOV VAZBY
AT
look at dvat se na
aim at mit na
laugh at smt se
smile at usmvat se
shoot at stlet na
point at ukzat na
arrive at pijet na (ndra, letit)
IN
trust in vit v
believe in vit v
succeed in mt spch v
deal in obchodovat s
arrive in pijet (do msta, zem)
take part in zastnit se
TO
object to namtat proti
listen to poslouchat
belong to patit
compare to srovnvat s
FOR
wait for ekat na
leave for odjet (kam)
apply for dat o
ask for dat o
apologise for omluvit se za
OF
boast of chlubit se
accuse of obvinit z
take care of peovat o
remind of pipomnat nco
consist of skldat se z
approve of schvlit nco
dream of snt o
FROM
protect from chrnit ped
prevent from zabrnit v
difer from liit se od
come from pochzet z
sufer from trpt m
ABOUT
complain about stovat si na
worry about trpit se m
care about dbt o
arrive in Paris dorazit do Pae
arrive at the airport dorazit na letit
vysvtlivka
in the world na svt
in the tree na strom
in the picture na obrzku
in the photo na fotce
in the sky na nebi
in the sun na slunci
zapamatuj si
97
Cvien 21.2. Vyberte sprvnou pedloku.
1) The robber climbed OVER / ACROSS the wall.
2) It difers OF / FROM what you told last week.
3) This sweater reminds me OFF / OF my brother.
4) Stop laughing AT / TO him.
5) According FROM / TO his wife he is not that clever.
6) Eight FROM / OUT OF ten people in Britain can speak
only English.
7) My father doesnt approve ON / OF smoking at all.
8) When did you arrive AT / IN Cardif?
9) I am writing to you ON BEHALF OF / OWING TO all the
tenants of this house.
10) Paul left TO / FOR Egypt yesterday.
tahk
PEDLOKY MSTA
AT
at home doma
at the cinema / v kin / divadle /
theatre / concert na koncert
at the party na verku
at the station / airport na ndra / letiti
at the bus stop na autobusov zastvce
at the trafc lights na semaforu
at the crossroads na kiovatce
at the bottom of na dn, dole
at the top of nahoe
at the end of na konci
at sea na moi
at the seaside u moe
at school / university ve kole / na univerzit
at 10 Downing Street v Downing Street slo 10
at the doctors u doktora
at the grocers v potravinch
at Peters u Petra (doma)
at the table u stolu
at the corner na rohu
IN
in bed v posteli
in Downing Street v Downing Street
in the country na venkov
in London v Londn
in Russia v Rusku
in an ofce v kanceli
in the south na jihu
in the garden na zahrad
in the corner v rohu
ON
on the table na stole
on the frst foor v prvnm pate
on the right vpravo
on foot pky
tahk
PEDLOKY ASU
AT
at 5 v 5
at Christmas / Easter o Vnocch / Velikonocch
at the weekend o vkendu
at the moment te
at present v souasnosti
at dawn za svitu
at noon v poledne
at night v noci
at midnight o plnoci
at the age of 5 v pti letech
at the same time souasn
ON
on Friday v ptek
on Friday morning / v ptek rno
afternoon / evening odpoledne / veer
on April 10 10. dubna
IN
in April v dubnu
in 1996 v roce 1996
in the morning / rno /
afternoon / evening odpoledne / veer
in summer v lt
in the 16th century v 16. stolet
in an hour za hodinu
in a while za chvli
98
1) See you . . . . . . . . . . . . Wednesday evening then.
2) I was born . . . . . . . . . . . . 1980.
3) What are you doing . . . . . . . . . . . . the weekend?
4) I cant be at home and at work . . . . . . . . . . . . same time.
5) They were in the mountains . . . . . . . Christmas.
6) Ill be there . . . . . . . . . . . . fve minutes.
7) She is not working . . . . . . . . . . . . the moment.
8) They got married . . . . . . . . . . . . May.
9) The flm starts . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 pm.
10) It often rains . . . . . . . . . . . . autumn.
1) Luka lives . . . . . . . . . . . . the second foor.
2) The Prime Minister lives . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Downing
Street.
3) Mrs Pink has a big house . . . . . . . . . . . . Elm Street.
4) It was written . . . . . . . . . . . . the bottom of the page.
5) Portsmouth is . . . . . . . . . . . . the south of England.
6) Jane is sitting . . . . . . . . . . . . the desk writing letters.
7) There is a plant . . . . . . . . . . . . the corner of the room.
8) Where is Lucy? . . . . . . . . . . . . the dentist.
9) Did they go there by car? No . . . . . . . . . . . . foot.
10) Lets meet . . . . . . . . . . . . Johns . . . . . . . . . . . . an hour.
Test 8
1) Could you . . . . . . . . . . . . . me a favour?
A) make B) do C) take D) did
2) Do it . . . . . . . . . . . . ., please.
A) quicklier B) quicler
C) more quicker D) more quickly
3) When shall we meet? . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thursday morning.
A) On B) At C) D) In
4) It was raining . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) heavy B) heavily C) heavyly D) heavilly
5) The company . . . . . . . . . . . . . apologised for what had
happened.
A) publically B) publicaly C) publicly D) publical
6) Where is it? Its . . . . . . . . . . . . . the corner of the kitchen.
A) at B) on C) in D) to
7) He is . . . . . . . . . . . . . qualifed, he will get the job.
A) highly B) high C) higher D) height
8) Why is she always . . . . . . . . . . . . . trouble?
A) doing B) taking C) making D) having
9) They always treat other people . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) friendly B) friendlily
C) with friendship D) in a friendly way
10) Hell be here . . . . . . . . . . . . . a moment.
A) in B) at C) for D) since
11) Was the flm good? Yes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . good,
but . . . . . . . . . . . . . long.
A) quiet, quiet B) quite, rather
C) quite, quite D) rather, rather
12) He put the cat . . . . . . . . . . . . . the pigeons.
A) between B) in C) across D) among
13) They dont have . . . . . . . . . . . . . to buy it, they have to
rent it.
A) enough money B) money enough
C) not enough money D) not money enough
14) Has Bob . . . . . . . . . . . . . his homework yet?
A) made B) done C) make D) do
15) Why is he . . . . . . . . . . . . . a fuss of them?
A) doing B) do C) making D) make
16) Sharon lives . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Palm Road.
A) on B) in C) at D) to
17) Jim is waiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . the corner of the street.
A) in B) into C) at D) within
18) I could . . . . . . . . . . . . . see it.
A) harder B) hardly C) hardlier D) hard
19) It didnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . any sense.
A) do B) doing C) make D) making
20) Who is that man . . . . . . . . . . . . . the picture?
A) on B) at C) to D) in
99
22. Slovosled
PM SLOVOSLED
v oznamovac vt
1 2 3 4
PODMT PSUDEK PEDMT
PSLOVEN
UREN
I saw him at school.
PSLOVEN UREN
1 2 3
ZPSOBU MSTA ASU
She said it deliberately at the party yesterday.
ekla to vera na verku mysln.
Psloven uren asu me bt na zatku vty.
Yesterday I was at my cottage. Vera jsem byl na chat.
Je-li ve vt vce pslovench uren asu, uvd se
pesnj dve.
See you at four on Wednesday.
Uvidme se ve stedu ve tyi.
Podmt mus bt v kad vt
It is raining. Pr.
Cvien 22.1. Dejte slova do sprvnho poad
a utvote vty.
1) THE FILM / SAW / WE / LAST NIGHT / AT THE CINEMA.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) ABOUT IT / AT SCHOOL / THEY / A WEEK AGO / SPOKE.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) TOMORROW / LETS / AT 5 / MEET.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) QUIETLY / CLOSED / HE / THE DOOR.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) AT THE STAFF MEETING / MONDAY / NEXT / WILL BE
ANNOUNCED / IT.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) AFTER BREAKFAST / OUR FRIENDS / CALLED /
IMMEDIATELY / WE.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) AT SCHOOL / TODAY / YOU / HIM / HAVE / MET.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) EVERY DAY / BY CAR / JACK / TO WORK / GOES.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) IN THE EVENING / TO THE SUPERMARKET / LETS /
SHOPPING / GO.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) FLUENTLY / THINK / ENGLISH / ALL STUDENTS / I /
WILL / SPEAK.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. podmt They
2. psudek spoke
3. pedmt French
4. psloven uren zpsobu fuently
5. psloven uren msta at the meeting
6. psloven uren asu yesterday.
zapamatuj si
We met him at 6 yesterday.
Potkali jsme ho vera v est.
vysvtlivka
100
DVA PEDMTY
Pedmt pm (4. pd) nsleduje za pedmtem
nepmm (3. pd) bezpedlokovm.
3. pd 4.pd
She gave John a book. Dala Honzovi knihu.
She gave him a book. Dala mu knihu.
Pedmt nepm (3. pd) pedlokov nsleduje
za pedmtem pmm (4. pd)
a) je-li pmm pedmtem osobn zjmeno
Give it to me. Dej mi to.
b) je-li nepmm pedmtem del spojen
I brought the book to my sister-in-law.
Pinesl jsem knihu vagrov.
c) je-li na nepmm pedmtu draz
I gave the fowers to you, not to your sister.
Dal jsem kytky tob, ne tv seste.
1) A) She sent a letter him. B) She sent him a letter.
2) A) He lent me his phone. B) He lent his phone me.
3) A) Please, give me it. B) Please, give it to me.
4) A) Lucy showed me B) Lucy showed the picture
the picture. me.
5) A) We want to buy for B) We want to buy her a
her a present. present.
6) A) Pass the salt me, please. B) Pass me the salt, please.
7) A) Tom bought me it. B) Tom bought it for me.
8) A) Could you bring it to B) Could you bring him it?
him?
9) A) They gave us their B) They gave their address us.
address.
10) A) Phil sent them it. B) Phil sent it to them.
FREKVENN PSLOVCE
never nikdy
rarely zdkakdy
seldom mlokdy
sometimes obas
often asto
usually obvykle
always vdy
ever nkdy (v otzce)
Frekvenn pslovce stoj ped vznamovm slovesem,
ale za slovesem to be.
They often go out in the evening. asto chod veer ven.
She is always busy. M stle moc prce.
Do they ever see their parents? Vdaj se nkdy s rodii?
Cvien 22.3. Dejte pslovce na sprvn msto ve vt.
1) You say you will love me. NEVER, ALWAYS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) He can remember names. He must write them down.
NEVER, ALWAYS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) We dont go out after dinner. USUALLY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) He will travel abroad. OFTEN
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Do you go to bed before midnight? EVER
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) She is tired when she gets home. USUALLY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) It rains in winter there. OFTEN
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
He brought Claire a rose.
He brought her a rose.
He brought it to her.
He brought a rose to Claire, not to Julia.
zajmavost
She never smokes.
She is never late.
tahk
101
8) He has a shower. SELDOM
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) They will understand it. NEVER
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) Joe is drinking beer. ALWAYS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OBRCEN SLOVOSLED
Podmt stoj za psudkem.
a) VAZBA THERE IS, THERE ARE
THERE IS/ + PODMT + PSLOVEN UREN MSTA
/THERE ARE
There is a pen on the desk. Na stole je (njak) pero.
There are (some) pens on the desk.
Na stole jsou (njak) pera.
OTZKA
Is there a (any) pen on the desk? Je na stole (njak) pero?
Are there (any) pens on the desk?
Jsou na stole (njak) pera?
ZPOR
There isnt a (any) pen on the desk.
Na stole nen dn pero.
= There is no pen on the desk.
There arent (any) pens on the desk.
Na stole nejsou dn pera.
= There are no pens on the desk.
Tato vazba existuje ve vech asech.
There has been an accident on this road.
Na tto silnici se stala nehoda.
There will be a lot of people in the streets.
V ulicch budou spousty lid.
Cvien 22.4. Doplte do vt there + is / are / was /
were / has been / have been / will be.
1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . any famous people at the
launch ceremony last week?
2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 10:30 train to Oxford, but
we missed it.
3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . time for sightseeing next
Sunday?
4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a lot of changes in my
home town. Now it looks diferent.
5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . no-one at home last night.
6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a lot of snow in the moun-
tains since last Saturday.
7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . another way to do it? No, it
is the only possibility.
8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a lot of foreigners in Prague
since 1989.
9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . anybody to meet you at the
airport tomorrow?
10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 minutes in an hour.
b) V OTZCE
Does he always do it? Dl to vdy?
c) PO VRAZECH sten nebo pln zpornch
za elem zdraznn
not only nejen
no soonerthan sotvae
Not only did he hear it, but he saw it.
Nejen e to vidl, ale on to tak slyel.
No sooner had he fnished it than they asked him for
further co-operation.
Sotvae to dokonil, podali jej o dal spoluprci.
d) V PODMNKOVCH SOUVTCH, JE-LI VYNECHNA
SPOJKA IF
Should you meet him, tell him I am waiting.
Kdybys ho snad potkal, ekni mu, e ekm.
Viz kapitola Podmnkov vty na stran 117
+

There is a book on the table.
? Is there a book on the table?
There isnt a book on the table.
poznmka
Prostudujte si kapitolu
Podmnkov vty na stran 117
odkaz
102
e) PO VRAZECH SO, NEITHER
so tak ano
neither tak ne
I am clever. So am I. Jsem chytr. J tak.
She knows it. So do I. Ona to v. J tak.
He isnt stupid. Neither is she. On nen hloup. Ona tak ne.
They didnt work. Neither did we.
Oni nepracovali. My tak ne.
Cvien 22.5. Doplte do vt so nebo neither a vty
dokonete.
1) Fred is still single. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
his sister.
2) You never talk to me. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
your husband.
3) They will be there. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
their parents.
4) Jane didnt know about it. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I.
5) Val cant cook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jack.
6) They havent done it yet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . we.
7) Peter got lost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I.
8) I couldnt sleep last night. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I.
9) They are busy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . we.
10) Jim would like to go to the USA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I.
I like it. So do I.
I dont like it. Neither do I.
She is French. So is he.
She isnt French. Neither is he.
tahk
103
23. Otzka
a) POMOC POMOCNCH SLOVES
Does she work? Pracuje?
Where did they go? Kam jeli?
viz jednotliv asy
b) INVERZ (OBRCENM SLOVOSLEDU)
Is he sleeping? Sp?
Are there any pears in the fridge?
Jsou v lednici njak hruky?
Has she got a cat? M koku?
OTZKA S PEDLOKOU
V otzce s pedlokou je pedloka obvykle na konci otzky.
Who are they speaking about? O kom mluv?
What is Jack afraid of? eho se Jack boj?
What is the weather like? Jak je poas?
What does he look like? Jak vypad?
Cvien 23.1. Utvote otzky.
1) Paul is working today. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
2) Peter can speak English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
3) They have gone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
4) Fiona had a birthday yesterday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) He will be there on time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
6) They were dancing at 6 yesterday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
7) This time tomorrow we will be lying on the beach.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
Prostudujte si kapitoly
Ptomn as prost na stran 49
a Minul as prost na stran 54
odkaz
Prostudujte si kapitoly
Ptomn as prbhov na stran 51
Minul as prbhov na stran 56
Pedptomn as na stran 59
Pedminul as na stran 65
Budoucnost na stran 68
odkaz
Why Pro Whose
What Co, jak When Kdy
Which Kter What time V kolik
Who Kdo Where Kde, kam
How Jak
How often Jak asto
How much Kolik (nepoitateln)
How far Jak daleko
How long Jak dlouho
How many times Kolikrt
zajmavost
what jak
which kter
What colour do you like?
Jak barva se ti lb?
Which colour do you like? Blue or green?
Kter barva se ti lb? Modr nebo zelen?
zapamatuj si
What is he like? He is clever.
Jak je? Je chytr.
What does he look like? He is tall.
Jak vypad? Je vysok.
poznmka
104
8) He doesnt do it. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
9) They had fnished it before they left. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
10) It seldom snows in England. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
Cvien 23.2. Ptejte se na podtren vrazy.
1) I am fying to LA next week. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
2) We go to Italy in summer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
3) Pam speaks four languages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
4) They were cooking dinner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) Tom loves Lucy because she is pretty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
6) Suzy was wearing a new dress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
7) He wore a suit every day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
8) Jack wants to speak to Claire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
9) I go to the cinema twice a week. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
10) They have fve children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
11) They got married a month ago. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
12) She is going to work by car today. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
13) He is from Birmingham. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
14) Its Grahams car. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
15) We were talking about London. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
16) Tim is looking at the girl over there. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
17) We have been waiting here for two hours. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
18) They changed twice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
19) He needs two kilos of sugar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
20) She is twenty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
21) It was sunny but windy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
22) They will go there with their children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
23) It was announced last week. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
24) I always walk to work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
25) It happened at the cottage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
26) I prefer the yellow car. I dont like the red one. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
27) She was looking for her glasses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
28) I like watching horror flms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
29) It took me 2 hours to get to London. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
30) My sister is tall and slim. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
31) They will be able to stay there for a week. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
32) Pat smokes twenty cigarettes a day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
33) There is a big blue lorry in front of the house. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
34) They did it because they were asked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
35) Molly said it to her sister. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
36) Susan had been working for this company for 30 years
before she retired. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
37) Jack and Jill had to speak English with their guests. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
38) Tom will be allowed to drive a car in a year. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
39) Brigit has been to Scotland twice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
40) Physics starts at 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
105
c) ZPORN OTZKA
PLN TVAR
Does he not like it? Nelb se mu to?
STAEN TVAR
Doesnt he like it? Copak se mu to nelb?
Pouit otzky se staenmi tvary.
a) potvrzen domnnky
Didnt they hear that? Neslyeli to? (J myslm, e ano.)
b) vyjden divu nebo pekvapen
Dont you know it? Copak to nev?
c) vyjden obdivu
Isnt she beautiful? Nen krsn?
d) vyjden nespokojenosti
Cant you stop it? Neme toho nechat?
Cvien 23.3. Utvote zporn otzky.
Pouijte staen tvary.
1) I hope Gwen wont be there.
Why? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her? YOU / LIKE
2) We havent seen Paul for years.
How come? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . him at the party last week? YOU / MEET
3) She doesnt want to go to the concert.
Why? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . interested in music? SHE / BE
4) I am afraid I will have to rent a car.
Why? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .your own? YOU / HAVE
5) Lets go shopping.
Why? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it? JAMES / DO
d) PODMTN OTZKA
Ptme-li se na podmt (1. pd), m otzka slovosled ozna-
movac vty.
PODMTN OTZKA
Who brought it? Kdo to pinesl?
Who knows him? Kdo ho zn?
PEDMTN OTZKA
Who did you bring it to? Komu jsi to pinesl?
Who does he know? Koho zn?
Cvien 23.4. Utvote otzky s who nebo what.
1) James saw Fiona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
2) James saw Fiona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
3) Paul has got a book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
4) The Smiths had a bad accident last night. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) Jim lost the key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
6) Frank phoned Ben? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
7) Jill won a million. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
8) Chuck loves Eve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
9) The Parkers have bought a new car. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
10) The children broke the window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
11) Phil agrees with their decision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
12) Jeremy agrees with his uncle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
Do you not like it? = Dont you like it?
tahk
Charles loves Kim.
Who loves Kim? Charles.
Who does Charles love? Kim.
zajmavost
106
13) The boys were talking about Alice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
14) Liv got lost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
15) Alan married Alison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
e) NEPM OTZKA
Nepm otzka m slovosled oznamovac vty.
Bv uvozena nsledujcmi vrazy:
I dont know Nevm,
I know Vm,
I dont remember Nepamatuji si,
I remember Pamatuji si,
Tell me ekni mi,
Please explain Vysvtli, prosm
Do you know V,
Have you any idea M pont,
I have no idea Nemm ani pont,
I wonder Rd bych vdl,
Who knows Kdo v,
Can you tell me Me mi ci,
Dont ask me Neptej se m,
Pm otzka Nepm otzka
What time is it? Do you know what time it is?
Where does he come
from?
I dont know where he comes
from.
When did it happen?
He doesnt remember when it
happened.
Will they come? I wonder if they will come.
Cvien 23.5. Utvote nepm otzky.
1) Is she reading a newspaper?
Ask her . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Have they ever been to Moscow?
I dont know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) When did you frst meet your wife?
I dont remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) How much does this skirt cost?
Can you tell me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) Where are the children?
Have you any idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
6) When does the bus leave?
I dont remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) What time does the post ofce open?
Do you know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
8) Is it true?
Tell me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) Why did you do it?
Please, explain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) Did they break up?
Do you know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
11) How much will the holiday cost?
Do you know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
12) Where are you?
They will be wondering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) Where does Val work?
Tell me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) What were they talking about?
I dont remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) Are they still together? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Who knows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pm otzka
Where does Sarah work?
Nepm otzka
Do you know where Sarah works?
tahk
if jestli whether zda-li
I dont know if / whether they will be there.
Nevm, jestli / zda-li tam budou.
zajmavost
107
a) PEDPONY TVOC OPOZITA
DIS
agree souhlasit disagree nesouhlasit
appear objevit se disappear zmizet
honest estn dishonest neestn
like lbit se dislike nelbit se
advantage vhoda disadvantage nevhoda
approve potvrdit disapprove vyvrtit
UN
happy astn unhappy neastn
believable uviteln unbelievable neuviteln
usual obvykl unusual neobvykl
known znm unknown neznm
reliable spolehliv unreliable nespolehliv
lock zamknout unlock odemknout
tie zavzat untie rozvzat
certain jist uncertain nejist
important dleit unimportant nedleit
natural pirozen unnatural nepirozen
IM
possible mon impossible nemon
polite slun impolite neslun
moral morln immoral nemorln
patient trpliv impatient netrpliv
probable
pravd-
podobn
improbable
nepravd-
podobn
IN
direct pm indirect nepm
expensive drah inexpensive levn
correct sprvn incorrect nesprvn
visible viditeln invisible neviditeln
experienced zkuen inexperienced nezkuen
defnite urit indefnite neurit
exhaustible
vyerpa-
teln
inexhaustible
nevyerpa-
teln
complete kompletn incomplete nekompletn
IL
legal legln illegal nelegln
legible iteln illegible neiteln
logical logick illogical nelogick
IR
regular pravideln irregular nepravideln
resistible odolateln irresistible neodolateln
responsible zodpovdn
irrespon-
sible
nezodpo-
vdn
rational racionln irrational iracionln
NON
smoker kuk non-smoker nekuk
sexist sexistick non-sexist nesexistick
racist rasistick non-racist nerasistick
addictive nvykov non-addictive nenvykov
believer vc non-believer nevc
alcoholic
alkoho-
lick
non-alcoholic
nealkoho-
lick
biological biologick non-biological nebiologick
existent existujc non-existent neexistujc
fat tuk non-fat bez tuku
fammable holav non-fammable neholav
proft zisk non-proft neziskov
returnable vratn non-returnable nevratn
24. Tvoen slov pedponami
Pedpony tvoc opozita:
IL- illegal
IM- impolite
IR- irregular
UN- unknown
DIS- disagree
NON- non-smoker
zapamatuj si
108
Cvien 24.1. Utvote opozita.
1) reliable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) believer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) resistible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) believable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) polite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) expensive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) moral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) addictive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) approve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) experienced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) logical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) natural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) probable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) regular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) existent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16) honest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17) exhaustible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18) legible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19) tie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20) complete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) OSTATN PEDPONY
RE znovu
build stavt rebuild pestavt
write pst rewrite pepsat
open otevt reopen znovu otevt
tell vyprvt retell pevyprvt
marry
vdt se,
oenit se
remarry
znovu se provdat,
oenit
OVER pli, pe-
sleep spt oversleep zaspat
charge tovat overcharge pedrait
estimate ocenit overestimate pecenit
eat jst overeat pejdat se
fow tci overfow petci
UNDER mlo, pod-
ground zem underground podzem
estimate ocenit underestimate podcenit
paid placen underpaid mlo placen
age vk underage mladistv
cook vait undercook nedovait
MIS patn, nesprvn
understand pochopit
misunders-
tand
patn pochopit
print tisk misprint
peklep, tiskov
chyba
hear slyet mishear peslechnout se
use pout misuse zneut
lead vst mislead uvst v omyl
BI dvou-
bilingual dvojjazyn
bilateral dvoustrann
biped dvounoh
biannual pololetn
DE od-
deforest odlesnit
decentralise decentralizovat
decode rozifrovat
decapitate setnout hlavu
EN tvoen sloves
rich bohat enrich obohatit
large velk enlarge zvtit
able schopn enable umonit
close ohrazen msto enclose ohradit, piloit
code kd encode zakdovat
slave otrok enslave zotroit
RE- znovu retell
OVER- pli overestimate
UNDER- mlo underpaid
MIS- patn misunderstand
BI- dvou bilingual
DE- od- decapitate
EN- sloveso enlarge
vysvtlivka
109
Cvien 24.2. Napite k defnicm anglick vrazy s pedponami.
1) to cut of the head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) to make larger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) walking on two legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) to think you have understood when you havent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) happening twice a year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) to cut down trees in a large area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) difcult to burn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) to open again . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) younger than the lowest age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) to think that something is bigger, more important, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) without a proft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) to make a slave of someone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) to use something in a way that wasnt intended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) using two languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) to make something possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
110
a) TVOEN PODSTATNCH JMEN
-ER
teach teacher uitel
dance dancer tanenk
sing singer zpvk
work worker dlnk
farm farmer zemdlec
manage manager manaer
bake baker peka
football footballer fotbalista
garden gardener zahradnk
drive driver idi
lead leader vdce
follow follower stoupenec
speak speaker enk
employ employer zamstnavatel
begin beginner zatenk
-OR
operate operator opertor
translate translator pekladatel
act actor herec
direct director editel
inspect inspector inspektor
instruct instructor instruktor
sail sailor nmonk
advise advisor poradce
visit visitor nvtvnk
collect collector sbratel
invent inventor vynlezce
dictate dictator dikttor
-IST
journal journalist novin
art artist umlec
psychiatry psychiatrist psychiatr
psychology psychologist psycholog
physics physicist fyzik
economy economist ekonom
-IAN
music musician hudebnk
electricity electrician elektrik
politics politician politik
mathematics mathematician matematik
optics optician optik
physician lka
-EE
employ employee zamstnanec
address addressee adrest
pay payee pjemce penz
trust trustee len sprvn rady
refer referee rozhod
25. Tvoen slov pponami
advice rada
advise radit
zajmavost
teach teacher
translate translator
zapamatuj si
physicist fyzik
physician lka
pikantnost
employer zamstnavatel
employee zamstnanec
pikantnost
pay payee payer payment
platit pjemce pltce platba
zajmavost
111
-SHIP
dictator dictatorship diktatura
friend friendship ptelstv
member membership lenstv
leader leadership veden
scholar scholarship stipendium
-DOM
king kingdom krlovstv
bore boredom nuda
wise wisdom moudrost
free freedom svoboda
-ANCE, -ENCE, -ANCY, -ENCY, -CY
distant distance vzdlenost
enter entrance vstup
assist assistance pomoc
tolerate tolerance tolerance
attend attendance dochzka
diferent diference odlinost
silent silence ticho
infant infancy ran dtstv
consistent consistency konzistence
tend tendency tendence
accurate accuracy pesnost
-HOOD
child childhood dtstv
brother brotherhood bratrstv
neighbour neighbourhood sousedstv
mother motherhood matestv
-MENT
measure measurement men
govern government vlda
employ employment zamstnanost
manage management zen
improve improvement zlepen
announce announcement oznmen
-ING
build building budova
feel feeling pocit
meet meeting schze
begin beginning zatek
mean meaning vznam
-ION
suggest suggestion nvrh
decide decision rozhodnut
elect election volby
discuss discussion diskuse
assume assumption pedpoklad
-ATION
inform information informace
separate separation oddlen
combine combination kombinace
operate operation operace
admire admiration obdiv
-AL
approve approval souhlas
refuse refusal odmtnut
remove removal odstrann
-NESS
happy happiness tst
lonely loneliness osamlost
kind kindness laskavost
ill illness nemoc
weak weakness slabost
lead leader leadership
vst vdce veden
dictate dictator dictatorship
diktovat dikttor diktatura
zajmavost
The UK=
The United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
pikantnost
112
-ITY
active activity aktivita
stupid stupidity hloupost
visible visibility viditelnost
clear clarity jas, jasno
-TH
deep depth hloubka
long length dlka
wide width ka
strong strength sla
Cvien 25.1. Utvote podstatn jmna.
1) approve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) separate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) lonely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) deep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) suggest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) king . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) employ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) refuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) weak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) mean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) friend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) assume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) strong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16) improve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17) attend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18) remove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19) brother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20) diferent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21) wise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22) enter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23) kind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24) visible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25) long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26) admire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27) stupid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28) elect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29) silent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30) accurate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) TVOEN PDAVNCH JMEN
-AL
culture cultural kulturn
nation national nrodn
nature natural prodn
occasion occasional pleitostn
-ICAL
logics logical logick
history historical historick
politics political politick
-Y
hair hairy chlupat
ice icy zledovatl
stone stony kamenit
noise noisy hlun
dirt dirty pinav
smell smelly smradlav
bone bony kostnat
rain rainy detiv
sun sunny slunen
anger angry vztekl
hunger hungry hladov
stick sticky lepkav
spike spiky piat
-LY
friend friendly ptelsk
coward cowardly zbabl
mother motherly matesk
love lovely rozkon
heaven heavenly nebesk
month monthly msn
historic pamtn
historical historick
economic hospodsk
economical hospodrn
pikantnost
113
-OUS
danger dangerous nebezpen
fame famous slavn
courage courageous odvn
ambition ambitious ctidostiv
-FUL
hope hopeful nadjn
use useful uiten
care careful opatrn
help helpful prospn
forget forgetful zapomtliv
-LESS
hope hopeless beznadjn
use useless neuiten
care careless neopatrn
end endless nekonen
help helpless bezmocn
-ISH
child childish dtinsk
fool foolish poetil
green greenish nazelenal
-EN
gold golden zlat
wool woollen vlnn
wood wooden devn
-IBLE- ABLE
convert convertible pemniteln
rely reliable spolehliv
change changeable promnliv
agree agreeable pjemn
accept acceptable pijateln
measure measurable miteln
Cvien 25.2. Utvote pdavn jmna.
1) spike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) anger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) heaven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) danger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) fame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) friend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) end . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) courage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) occasion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) smell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) coward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) ambition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) politics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) forget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16) accept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17) fool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18) bone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19) love . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20) care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
care + full = careful
vysvtlivka
use useful useless
uitek uiten neuiten
help helpful helpless
pomoc prospn bezmocn
care careful careless
pe opatrn neopatrn
zapamatuj si
gold zlat (vyroben ze zlata)
gold watch zlat hodinky
golden zlat (penesen)
golden age zlat vk
zajmavost
convert pemnit
convertible pemniteln
convertible kabriolet
pikantnost
114
c) TVOEN SLOVES
-EN
short shorten zkrtit
broad broaden rozit
bright brighten rozjasnit
dark darken ztmavnout
tight tighten uthnout
loose loosen povolit
length lengthen prodlouit
-ISE
author authorise autorizovat
colony colonise kolonizovat
summary summarise shrnout
critics criticise kritizovat
economy economise etit
memory memorise nauit se nazpam
-FY
simplify zjednoduit
specify specifkovat
justify ospravedlnit
modify modifkovat
clarify vyjasnit
satisfy uspokojit
Cvien 25.3. Utvote slovesa.
1) tight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) short . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) just . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) bright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U sloves s koncovkou -ISE je rozdl
mezi britskou a americkou anglitinou
UK - ISE US - IZE
authorise authorize
colonise colonize
summarise summarize
criticise criticize
economise economize
memorise memorize
pikantnost
a) PEHLED SPOJOVACCH VRAZ
and a
bothand ii
but ale
however avak
either or bu anebo
neither nor aniani
nevertheless nicmn
because protoe
as protoe
for nebo
in particular pedevm
in case pro ppad
if jestlie, kdyby
unless jestlie ne, kdyby ne
when kdy, a
till / until dokud ne
so that take, aby
apart from krom
at frst nejprve
to start with zat
frst nejprve, poprv
frst of all za veho nejdve
then potom
after that potom
next potom
afterwards potom
fnally nakonec
in the end nakonec
to sum up zrekapitulovat
in conclusion na zvr
on the whole vcelku
altogether celkem vzato
all in all celkem
although akoli
though akoli
even though akoli, i kdy
in spite of navzdory
despite navzdory
b) FIRST AT FIRST
Lets do the washing up frst and then we can go
swimming.
Umyjme nejprve ndob a potom meme jt plavat.
At frst I didnt understand him but then I got used to his
accent.
Nejprve jsem mu nerozuml, ale pak jsem si zvykl na jeho
pzvuk.
c) BECAUSE BECAUSE OF
We didnt go to the forest because it was raining.
Neli jsme do lesa, protoe prelo.
We didnt go to the forest because of the rain.
Neli jsme do lesa kvli deti.
c) ALTHOUGH / THOUGH /
/ EVEN THOUGH IN SPITE OF / DESPITE
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
Akoli prelo, li jsme na prochzku.
We went for a walk despite the rain.
li jsem na prochzku navzdory deti.
Although she was tired, she went with us.
Akoli byla unaven, la a s nmi.
She went with us in spite of being tired.
la s nmi navzdory tomu, e byla unaven.
26. Spojovac vrazy
Dal spojovac vrazy jsou uvedeny
u jednotlivch druh vt v kapitolch 2732.
odkaz
BECAUSE + VTA
He got lost because he didnt have a map.
BECAUSE OF + PODSTATN JMNO
NEBO ZJMENO
He got lost because of bad instructions.
zapamatuj si
ALTHOUGH = THOUGH = EVEN THOUGH
IN SPITE OF = DESPITE
zajmavost
116
Cvien 26.1. Doplte do vt spojovac vrazy z rmeku.
ALTHOUGH AT FIRST BECAUSE OF
IN SPITE OF FIRST BECAUSE
1) We got there on time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the trafc.
2) They didnt understand their French teacher
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . they had spent a year in Paris.
3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I wanted to give up but then I deci-
ded not to.
4) Suzy couldnt walk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her broken leg.
5) Jim left the party before midnight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . he
has to get up early tomorrow.
6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . read the text and then answer the
questions below.
7) He never says hello to me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . living next
door.
8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . they hadnt been invited, they arrived
at the ceremony.
9) I could hardly recognise her . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her new
haircut.
10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I didnt know what he was talking
about but then I realised I had heard it before.
Test 9
1) Jim gave . . . . . . ., not to his wife.
A) Wendy roses B) to Wendy roses
C) roses to Wendy D) roses Wendy
2) . . . . . . . does he look . . . . . . .? He is rather fat.
A) How, like B) What, - C) How, - D) What, like
3) The car doesnt cost much. It is . . . . . . .
A) inexpensive B) unexpensive
C) imexpensive D) ilexpensive
4) Mr Robin is a famous Scottish . . . . . . .
A) politics B) political C) politic D) politician
5) . . . . . . . I didnt understand him at all, but then I got
used to his strange accent.
A) At frst B) First C) Firstly D) The frst
6) She doesnt cook.
A) She often eats out. B) Often she eats out.
C) She eats out often D) Out she eats often.
7) They go on holiday with their parents.
A) How do they go on holiday with?
B) What do they go on holiday with?
C) Who do they go on holiday with?
D) Who do they go on holiday?
8) This restaurant is only for . . . . . . .
A) unsmokers B) nonsmokers
C) non-smokers D) not smokers
9) A person whose job is connected with matter and
energy is called a . . . . . . .
A) physician B) physicist C) physic D) physics
10) They went skiing . . . . . . . the snow storm.
A) although B) in spite C) despite D) because of
11) Jack isnt selfsh.
A) So, isnt his brother. B) So is his brother.
C) Neither isnt his brother. D) Neither is his brother.
12) I know it.
A) Who did tell you? B) Who tell you?
C) Who told you? D) What did tell you?
13) Its highly . . . . . . . that Phil will agree.
A) improbable B) inprobable
C) unprobable D) ilprobable
14) A person who employs people is an . . . . . . .
A) employ B) employment
C) employer D) employee
15) . . . . . . . they were late they didnt apologise.
A) Thought B) In spite of C) Despite D) Although
16) Could you tell me what . . . . . . .?
A) time is it B) is the time
C) time it is D) the time it is
17) I apologise, there must be some . . . . . . .
A) misunderstanding B) ununderstanding
C) inunderstanding D) non-understanding
18) Careful, the bath may . . . . . . .
A) underfow B) overfow C) refow D) enfow
19) The weather in England can be very . . . . . . .
A) changing B) change
C) changable D) changeable
20) The ferry was delayed . . . . . . . the strong wind.
A) because B) because of C) in spite of D) despite
ALTHOUGH + VTA
Although the weather was bad,
we enjoyed our holiday.
IN SPITE OF + PODSTATN JMNO,
GERUNDIUM NEBO ZJMENO
We enjoyed our holiday despite the bad weather.
zapamatuj si
117
PODMNKOV SPOJKY
if jestlie, -li, kdyby
unless jestlie ne, ledae
provided that za pedpokladu, e
providing that za pedpokladu, e
supposing that za pedpokladu, e
on condition that pod podmnkou, e
in case (that) pro ppad, e
a) TYP 1 Reln
HLAVN VTA IF VEDLEJ VTA
BUDOUC AS PTOMN AS
I will go there if the weather is fne.
Pjdu tam, jestlie bude hezky.
RKY
rka se pe v souvt pouze, pokud hlavn vta nsleduje
za vedlej.
If you are late, I will not wait.
Jestlie se opozd, nebudu ekat.
ale
I will not wait if you are late.
Nebudu ekat, opozd-li se.
Cvien 27.1. Dejte slovesa v zvorce do sprvnho tvaru.
1) If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(DO) it again, you
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (HAVE TO) leave!
2) They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NOT COME) if they
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NOT BE) invited.
3) What . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .she. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (DO) if she
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (GET) lost?
4) If Tim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (MEET) his friend, they
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (GO) to the pub tonight.
5) You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NEVER UNDERSTAND) other
people if you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NOT LISTEN) to them.
6) I am afraid he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (MISS) the bus if he
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(NOT HURRY).
7) I dont think Jane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BE) surprised if
she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (FAIL) the exam.
8) Mr Parker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(CHANGE) his job if he
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BE) ofered a better one.
9) If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NOT FEEL) well tomorrow,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(STAY) at home?
10) If the robber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BE) caught, he
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(BE) imprisoned.
11) If it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(STOP) raining, we
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (GO) for a walk.
12) If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (EAT) too much sugar, you
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BE) fat.
13) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (GO) to the party provided you
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (GO).
14) Do you think they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (HELP) us if we
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(ASK) them?
15) If my salary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NOT BE) increased,
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (START) looking for another job.
IF IN CASE OF
I will take an umbrella if it rains.
Vezmu si detnk, jestlie bude pret.
I will take an umbrella in case it rains.
Vezmu si detnk pro ppad, e bude pret.
27. Podmnkov vty
Po if nesm bt will!
I will do it if you ask me.
Udlm to, jestlie m pod.
zapamatuj si
Ped if se nepe rka.
He will come if you invite him.
Pijde, jestlie ho pozve.
ale
If you invite him, he will come.
Pozve-li ho, pijde.
vysvtlivka
in case = pro ppad
if = v ppad, e
zapamatuj si
118
Cvien 27.2. Doplte do vt if nebo in case a sprvn
tvar slovesa.
1) I wont go out tonight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RING
2) I wont go for a walk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RAIN
3) You should take a map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lost. GET
4) Ill give you a ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lost. GET
5) They are going to install a smoke alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
there . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a fre. BE
6) You should go to the lost property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your luggage. LOSE
7) I will attach a label with my address to my luggage
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .it. LOSE
8) Hang on, Ill withdraw some money from the cash
machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it. NEED
9) I will withdraw some money from my account
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . there. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . some. BE
10) I will arrange travel insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sick in Italy. GET
IF UNLESS
U podmnkovch vt typu 1 meme pout spojku unless.
He wont be there if they dont invite him. = He wont be
there unless they invite him.
Nebude tam, jestlie ho nepozvou.
1) UNLESS / IF you wear a warm coat, you will catch
a cold.
2) UNLESS / IF he is more careful, he will have an
accident.
3) They will be there UNLESS / IF they are invited.
4) Jim will go skiing UNLESS / IF there is enough snow.
5) She will be allowed to go with us UNLESS / IF her
mother knows who she is going there with.
6) I am afraid you will have a lot of problems UNLESS / IF
you apologise for what you have said.
7) I dont know why he isnt here UNLESS / IF he didnt
get the invitation.
8) Lucy wont pass the exam UNLESS / IF she doesnt
study.
9) I will be there at 6 UNLESS / IF you call me to be there
later.
10) He wont help them UNLESS / IF they ask him perso-
nally.
b) TYP 2 Nereln v ptomnosti
PTOMN KONDICIONL MINUL AS
I would go there if the weather was (were) fne.
But the weather is terrible.
el bych tam, kdyby bylo hezky. Ale je oklivo.
!
Were lze pout pro vechny osoby.
Cvien 27.4. Utvote podmnkov vty typu 2.
1) I dont go out very often because I am busy.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) This car is too expensive for me to buy.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) It is raining. We cant go for a walk.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) It is serious that is why I bother you.
if not = unless
poznmka
Po if nesm bt would.
He would buy a new car if he had money.
Koupil by si nov auto, kdyby ml penze.
zapamatuj si
If I were you = Bt tebou
If I were you, I wouldnt do it!
Bt tebou, nedlal bych to!
tahk
119
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Paul works shifts. That is why he is so tired.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) We cant buy a new camera because we dont have
enough money.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Fiona is fed up with her job because she has to do the
same things every day.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) I dont know it. That is why I am asking.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) The Cunninghams live in the city because they work
there.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) I am not going to watch TV tonight because there is
nothing interesting on.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c) TYP 3 Nereln v minulosti
MINUL KONDICIONL PEDMINUL AS
I would have gone there if the weather had been fne.
But the weather was terrible.
Byl bych tam el, kdyby bvalo bylo hezky.
Ale bylo oklivo.
Cvien 27.5. Utvote podmnkov vty typu 3.
1) Fred was late for school because he missed the bus.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) The accident happened because the road was wet and
slippery.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) They got lost because they didnt have a map.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Mum wasnt at home, so she didnt prepare lunch.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) James got drunk and lost his key last night.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) I didnt do it because I wasnt told.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) The boss shouted at her, so she got upset.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Peter didnt understand because the man didnt speak
English.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) I didnt have a camera, so I didnt take photos.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) There were no people, so nobody called the
ambulance.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Podmnkov vty typu 2 a 3 jsou nereln,
situace je opan a nen reln,
aby se zmnila.
I would go there if I had time. (now)
But I dont have time.
el bych tam, kdybych ml as.
(te) Ale nemm as.
zajmavost
I would have gone there if I had had time.
(yesterday) But I didnt have time.
Byl bych tam el, kdybych byl ml as.
(vera) Ale neml jsem as.
zajmavost
120
MIXED CONDITIONALS
If I had studied harder (yesterday), I wouldnt be nervous
(now).
Kdybych se byl (vera) vc uil, nebyl bych (te) tak nervzn.
Cvien 27.6. Dejte slovesa do sprvnho tvaru.
1) If they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOT BE at the party last
night, they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOT BE tired now.
2) She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UNDERSTAND English better
if she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOT SKIP so many English
lessons last year.
3) If we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOT EAT something
bad last night, we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOT BE sick
today.
4) Jill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STARVE now if she
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HAVE breakfast.
5) If Mr Parker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOT LEAVE the
key in his ofce, he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOT HAVE TO
be standing in front of the house now.
INVERZE
V podmnkovch vtch se me vyskytovat inverze
(nepm slovosled).
If I had known it, I wouldnt have asked. = Had I known
it, I wouldnt have asked.
Kdybych to byl vdl, byl bych se neptal.
If I were you, I wouldnt believe him. = Were I you,
I wouldnt believe him.
Bt tebou, nevil bych mu.
SHOULD
Should m v podmnkovch vtch vznam snad
If there should be any changes, you will be informed in
time. = Should there be any changes, you will be informed
in time.
Kdyby snad dolo k jakmkoli zmnm, budete vas
informovni.
WILL a WOULD v podmnkovch vtch
V podmnkovch vtch me bt will i would, pokud se
jedn o zdvoilost i laskavost.
If you will wait a moment, I will arrange it.
Jestlie laskav chvli pokte, zadm to.
If you would sign it here, I would give you the money now.
Kdybyste to tady laskav podepsal, dal bych vm ty penze
hned.
PODMNKOV VTY PEDMTN VTY
Od podmnkovch vt je teba rozliovat vty pedmtn,
kter jsou tak uvozen spojkou if. V pedmtnch vtch
me bt po if budouc as.
I dont know if he will come. (pedmtn)
Nevm, jestli pijde. Ptme se na pedmt. Co nevm?
I will tell you if he comes. (podmnkov)
eknu ti, jestlie pijde. Ptme se za jak podmnky.
Cvien 27.7. Doplte do vt slovesa ve sprvnm tvaru.
1) If people. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . how to talk, there
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . silence all over the world.
FORGET, BE
2) If Jane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the train, she
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . walk to school.
MISS, HAVE TO
3) If they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to bed earlier last night, they
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tired today. GO, NOT BE
4) If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . me before,
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . there with you yesterday.
TELL, GO
5) Jim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her with it unless she
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . him for help. NOT HELP, ASK
6) If I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . younger, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
round the world. BE, TRAVEL
7) They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a taxi if they
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . money last night. TAKE, HAVE
8) If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . him tomorrow, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . him to join us? SEE, TELL
9) What . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . if you
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a million? DO, WIN
10) If I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .you, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . that!
BE, NOT DO
If I had known = Had I known
tahk
121
ASOV SPOJKY
when kdy, a
after (potom) a
before (dve) ne
as long as dokud, tak dlouho
till, until dokud ne
as soon as jakmile
while zatmco
by the time a (v tu dobu)
next time pt
Po tchto spojkch se pouv ptomn as pro vyjden
budoucnosti.
HLAVN VTA WHEN VEDLEJ VTA
BUDOUC AS PTOMN AS
He will call me as soon as he arrives in LA.
Zavol mi, jakmile doraz do LA.
Jsou-li ve vt hlavn a vedlej nesouasn dje
a chceme-li vyjdit, e jeden dj skonil,
pouijeme pedptomn as.
When I have eaten all the fruit, I will have to go shopping.
A snm vechno to ovoce, budu muset jt nakoupit.
Cvien 28.1. Spojte vty do souvt.
Pouijte uveden spojky.
1) I will read the newspaper. But frst I will wash the dishes.
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BEFORE
2) Jane will leave school and then and she is going to travel.
Jane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AFTER
3) John will be cooking. Lucy will be sleeping.
John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WHILE
4) We are going to the USA. We will visit Jack.
We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WHEN
5) I know it will happen again. I wont do the same.
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NEXT TIME
6) I hope he will leave soon. Then I will tell you something.
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AS SOON AS
7) They will be waiting here for you to bring it.
They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UNTIL
8) Will you fnish it frst? Then you can leave.
You can . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AFTER
9) We will turn of the light and then we will go to bed.
We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BEFORE
10) I need you to be there. I wont enter the room.
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UNTIL
WHEN IF
I am going to New York. When I am there, I will send you
a postcard.
Jedu do New Yorku. A tam budu, polu ti pohled.
I am not sure whether I will go to New York. But if I go
there, I will send you a postcard.
Nevm jist, jestli pojedu do New Yorku. Ale jestli tam pojedu,
polu ti pohled.
28. asov vty
Po when, before, after, as soon as,
while, by the time, until, next time
nesm bt budouc as!
I will leave before she comes.
She will leave before I come.
zapamatuj si
Pouit as v asovch vtch
se d stejnmi pravidly jako
v podmnkovch vtch typu 1.
He will do it when he comes.
Udl to, a pijde.
He will do it if he comes.
Udl to, jestlie pijde.
poznmka
122
Cvien 28.2. Doplte do vt if nebo when a sloveso
z rmeku ve sprvnm tvaru.
not want be see come be
1) We are leaving for London next week. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . there, we will see the Tower.
2) I may see Jim next week. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .him, I will ask him about it.
3) I might be late this evening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , dont wait for me.
4) They are going on holiday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . back, they will let you know.
5) I want you to join us, but . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to, you neednt.
ASOV VTY PEDMTN VTY
Od asovch vt je teba rozliovat vty pedmtn, kter
jsou tak uvozeny when.
I will tell you when he will come. (pedmtn)
eknu ti, kdy pijde. Ptme se na pedmt. Co ti eknu?
I will tell you when he comes. (asov)
eknu ti, a pijde. Ptme se na as. Kdy ti eknu?
123
I WISH pl bych si
IF ONLY k by
a) PN V PTOMNOSTI
I WISH + MINUL AS
IF ONLY + MINUL AS
I wish you were here. (But you are not here.)
K bys tu byl. (Ale ty tu nejsi.)
If only he didnt know it. (But he does.)
K by to nevdl. (Ale on to v.)
!
Were lze pout pro vechny osoby.
I wish I was younger. = I wish I were younger.
COULD
Could v pacch vtch vyjaduje, e splnn pn brn
okolnosti.
If only she could go with us. (But she cant.)
K by tak mohla jt s nmi. (Ale ona neme.)
WOULD
a) splnn pn zvis na n vli
I wish you would help me. (But you dont want to.)
Pl bych si, abys mi pomohl. (Ale ty nechce.)
b) situace ns roziluje a pejeme si zmnu
If only it would stop raining.
K by pestalo pret.
V kladnch pacch vtch v ptomnosti plat pravidlo
o pouit minulho asu jen pro stavov slovesa, jinak
musme pout could, would nebo vazbu s hope.
If only he would help me. K by mi pomohl.
I hope he will help me. Doufm, e mi pome.
!
Would se nepouv v prvn osob!
Cvien 29.1. Utvote pac vty.
1) I am sick.
I wish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Jim has to get up early.
Jack wishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) We arent allowed to smoke in here.
If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Lucy cant speak French.
If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) You are talking and talking, which makes me mad.
If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) They live in a big city, but they dont like it at all.
They wish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Jack knows it.
If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Mr Smith cant do it.
If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) I dont think Sam will call me.
I wish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) I cant move.
If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29. Pac vty
Pn v ptomnosti se vyjaduje
minulm asem.
If only they werent so busy.
K by nemli tolik prce.
zapamatuj si
Prostudujte si znovu kapitolu 8.
Minul as na stran 54
odkaz
124
b) PN V MINULOSTI
I WISH + PEDMINUL AS
IF ONLY + PEDMINUL AS
I wish I hadnt gone there. (But I went there.)
K bych tam byl nechodil. (Ale j jsem tam el.)
If only we had studied more. (But we didnt.)
K bychom se bvali vce uili.(Ale my jsme se neuili.)
Cvien 29.2. Utvote pac vty.
1) You didnt help me.
If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) They are still at work.
If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) He drank a lot last night.
He wishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) We left our luggage unattended.
If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) It is snowing and snowing.
If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) My wife is angry with me.
If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) They were late.
If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) I made him change his mind.
I wish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) The car wont start again.
If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) Its a pity we werent told about it in time.
If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pn v minulosti se vyjaduje
pedminulm asem.
If only I had known it.
K bych to byl vdl.
zapamatuj si
Prostudujte si znovu kapitolu 10.
Pedminul as na stran 65
odkaz
If only they were there (now).
K by tam byli (te).
If only they hade been there (yesterday).
K by tam bvali byli (vera).
vysvtlivka
125
a) VZTAN VTY NEVYPUSTITELN
Vyjaduj vlastnost osoby nebo pedmtu, kter je pro
n podstatn, proto nelze tyto vztan vty vynechat.
Neoddluj se rkou.
Vztan zjmena
which kter zvata a vci
who kter osoby
whom kter osoby, po pedloce
that kter zvata, vci, osoby, nelze po pedloce
whose jeho zvata, vci, osoby
where kde
when kdy
The girl who / that lives next door is a nurse.
Dvka, kter bydl vedle, je zdravotn sestra.
The car which / that is standing in front of the house is not
hers.
Auto, kter stoj ped domem, nen jej.
This is the town where we met last year.
To je to msto, kde jsme se loni potkali.
Po pedloce me bt who i whom.
This the man with who (m) she lives.
To je ten mu, se kterm ije.
Cvien 30.1. Utvote souvt.
Pouijte who(m), which, that, whose.
1) I met an interesting girl. I dont remember her phone
number.
I met . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) A man answered the phone. He didnt tell me his name.
The man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Jane has a dog. Its name is Spotty.
Jane has . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Jack was born in a town. The town is small.
The town . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) There is a boy standing in front of our house. He looks
like my cousin Phil.
The boy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) Paul works in a factory. The factory produces tractors.
Paul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Alexander Flemming was a scientist. He discovered
penicillin.
Alexander Flemming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) A vacuum cleaner is a machine. It cleans carpets.
A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) I heard a song . I cant remember the words.
I heard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) A house was damaged by foods. It has just been rebuilt.
The house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Uvme-li zjmeno which a who(m) s pedlokou, stoj
pedloka bu ped zjmenem nebo na konci vty.
Zjmeno that nelze pout po pedloce.
This is the book about which we have just spoken.
This is the book which we have just spoken about.
This is the book that we have just spoken about.
Toto je ta kniha, o kter jsme prv mluvili.
30. Vztan vty
who
which H
that H
tahk
Pro osoby meme pouvat who i that,
ale who je v souasn anglitin astj.
A pilot is a person who fies an aircraft.
Pilot je lovk, kter pilotuje letadlo.
poznmka
126
Vynechn vztanho zjmena
Je-li zjmeno pedmtem vty, lze jej vynechat.
This is the book (that / which) we have just spoken about.
(pedmt 6.pd)
Toto je ta kniha, o kter jsme prv mluvili.
ale
The book which / that was on table wasnt mine.
(podmt 1.pd)
Kniha, kter byla na stole, nebyla moje.
Cvien 30.2. Utvote souvt se vztanmi vtami.
Vynechejte vztan zjmena, je-li to
mon.
1) Suzy was wearing a miniskirt. It was bright pink.
The miniskirt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) He is reading a book. It is a novel.
The book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) I meet people in my job. They are strange.
The people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) We had dinner in a restaurant. What is its name?
What is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) Jane was on holiday with some people. They were her
colleagues.
The people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) There is a boy waiting for you. Do you know him?
Do you know the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
7) Mr Harris fnally got the job. He was trained for it.
Mr Harris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) You lost a key last night. Have you found it?
Have you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
9) I bought a bottle of Irish whiskey a week ago. Where is
it?
Where is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
10) John is going out with a beautiful girl. She used to be
my wife.
The beautiful girl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) VZTAN VTY VYPUSTITELN
Vyjaduj nedleitou okolnost o osob nebo ped-
mtu, kter nen pro smysl celho souvt nezbytn,
a meme je tedy vynechat.
Oddluj se rkou.
Nelze vynechat zjmena.
Nelze pout that.
Vztan zjmena
which kter zvata a vci
who kter osoby
whom kter osoby, po pedloce
whose jeho zvata, vci, osoby
where kde
when kdy
London, which is on the River Thames, is the capital
of the UK.
Londn, kter le na Temi, je hlavn msto UK.
Srovnejte nsledujc dv vty.
My son, who is 30, is a doctor.
Mj syn, ktermu je 30, je lka.
mm jen jednoho syna, informace o jeho vku nen
nezbytn
My son who is 30 is a doctor.
Mj syn, ktermu je 30, je lka.
mm vce syn, informace o vku je nezbytn pro uren,
o kterho ze syn se jedn
That nelze pout po rce
a po pedloce!
zajmavost
Rozdly mezi nevypustitelnmi
a vypustitelnmi vtami.
NEVYPUSTITELN VYPUSTITELN
nelze je vypustit lze je vypustit
lze that nelze that
lze zjmena vynechat nelze zjmena vynechat
rky ne rky ano
vysvtlivka
127
Cvien 30.3. Utvote souvt obsahujc vztan vty.
Oddlte je rkami, je-li teba.
Vynechejte zjmena, je-li to mon.
1) Paris is the capital of France. It lies on the River Seina.
Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Claire White lives on the same foor as me. She is an
interpreter.
Claire White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) A woman lives on the same foor as me. She never goes
out.
The woman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) My dad is looking for glasses. They are lying on the
table.
The sunglasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Jeremy Smith is Sophias friend. He is a lawyer.
Jeremy Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) We looked up the Moon. It was bright that night.
We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Jim is talking to a girl. Have you seen her before?
Have you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
8) We were in the Brave Lion Pub. Ben recommended it to
us.
We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) We asked a policeman for help. He was standing
nearby.
We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) The Prime Minister was shot down. He was only 50.
The Prime Minister . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c) , WHICH , CO
Which se vztahuje k cel hlavn vt.
Oddluje se vdy rkou.
He gave me no chance, which was unfair.
Nedal mi dnou anci, co nebylo fr.
d) WHAT TO, CO
I didnt understand what he said.
Nerozuml jsem tomu, co ekl.
Pouijte what nebo which.
1) They couldnt go with us. It was a pity.
They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) He said something. I didnt catch it.
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) The sun was shining all day long. We didnt expect it.
The sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Judith passed the exam. It surprised me.
Judith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) The boys want something. Give it to them.
Give the boys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) He says he is busy. It means he is going to stay at work
overnight.
He says . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Which se vztahuje k cel vt.
Je ped nm vdy rka.
He is too old, which is a pity.
Je pli star, co je koda.
zapamatuj si
what = something that, all that, the thing that
Did you hear all (that) he said?
Slyel jsi vechno, co kal?
Did you hear what he said?
Slyel jsi, co kal?
poznmka
128
7) You did it. It was right.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you did . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) James helped me. It was nice of him.
James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) It happened last week. You are not responsible for it.
You are not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) What are we living for? Does anybody know it?
Does anybody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
e) OSTATN VZTAN VTY
both of which, whom z nich oba
all of which, whom z nich vichni
few of which, whom z nich mlo
a few of which, whom z nich nkolik
most of which, whom z nich vtina
neither of which, whom z nich ani jeden(ze dvou)
none of which, whom z nich dn
each of which, whom z nich kad
two of which, whom z nich dva
Lucy has got four brothers, none of whom is married.
Lucy m tyi bratry, z nich dn nen enat.
There are fve cars in front of our garage, three of which are
ours.
Ped na gar je pt aut, z nich ti jsou nae.
Pouijte of + which nebo whom.
1) I have three daughters. All of them are students.
I have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Peter wrote two letters. He didnt post them.
Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Jill inherited one million dollars. She gave half of it to
charity.
Jill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Ten students took the exam. No-one passed.
Ten students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) There are several cars at the crossroads. No car is faster
than mine.
There are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
129
a) KLADN VTY SE STEJNM PODMTEM
1) Vedlej vty elov kladn se asto nahrazuj
elovm infnitivem.
She went to the bank to get some money.
la do banky vyzvednout penze.
He takes yoga lessons to keep ft.
Chod na jgu, aby se udrel v kondici.
Na zatku vty lze infnitiv zeslit vazbou in order to.
In order to do it well we have to be very patient.
Musme bt velmi trpliv, abychom to udlali sprvn.
Cvien 31.1. Odpovzte na otzky.
1) Why did you go to the hairdresser? HAVE A NEW
HAIRCUT
I went . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Why was she on holiday in Greece? RELAX
She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Why are you waiting here? TALK TO TOM
We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Why does he smoke? CALM DOWN
He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Why are they going to Stockholm? PRACTISE THEIR
SWEDISH
They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) Why is John saving money? BUY A MOTORBIKE
John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Why do you take karate lessons? DEFEND MYSELF
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Why did Jane put on a sweater? KEEP WARM
Jane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) Why does Kevin go to so many parties? FIND A
GIRLFRIEND
Kevin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) Why are you wearing these glasses? SEE YOU
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) S modlnmi slovesy pouvme vazbu so that.
She put on glasses so that she could see it.
Nasadila si brle, aby to vidla.
You must learn English so that you can study at Oxford.
Mus se uit anglicky, abys mohl studovat v Oxfordu.
V pedptomnm, ptomnm a budoucm ase nsleduje
sloveso can, will.
V minulm a pedminulm ase nsleduje sloveso could,
would.
b) ZPORN VTY SE STEJNM PODMTEM
1) Pouvme vazbu so as not to. Nelze pout infnitiv bez
tto vazby.
He took a taxi so as not to be late.
Vzal si taxi, aby nepiel pozd.
2) S modlnmi slovesy pouvme vazbu so that.
We booked a table in a restaurant so that we wouldnt
have to wait.
Zamluvili jsme stl v restauraci, abychom nemuseli ekat.
31. elov vty
elov infnitiv se pouv
u kladnch vt se stejnm podmtem.
Why were you in England?
Pro jsi byl v Anglii?
I was in England to learn English.
Byl jsem v Anglii, abych se uil anglicky.
tahk
130
They must hurry so that they wont be late.
Musej pospchat, aby nepili pozd.
sloveso cant, wont.
V minulm a pedminulm ase nsleduje sloveso,
couldnt, wouldnt.
c) KLADN I ZPORN VTY S NESTEJNM
PODMTEM
Vedlej vty elov, kter maj podmt odlin od
podmtu vty hlavn, jsou spojeny s hlavn vtou vrazem
so that.
We turned the radio down so that the baby could sleep.
Ztlumili jsme rdio, aby dt mohlo spt.
I wrote him a letter so that he would know why I had
done it.
Napsal jsem mu dopis, aby vdl, pro jsem to udlal.
sloveso will, can, wont, cant.
V minulm, pedminulm ase a kondicionlu nsleduje
sloveso would, could, wouldnt, couldnt.
Cvien 31.2. Utvote souvt s elovmi vtami.
Pouijte vazbu so that.
1) He wants to read books in French, but he cant. That is
why he is learning French.
He is learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) I wanted to paint the door red, but I couldnt. I didnt
have the red paint.
I bought the red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) They hid behind the tree. They didnt want anybody to
see them.
They hid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) We cant travel round the world this summer. We are
saving money. We want to travel round the world next
summer.
We are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) He is whispering, because he doesnt want to wake up
the baby.
He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) The guide spoke slowly and clearly. She wanted every-
body to understand.
The guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) I cant use my hairdryer. Will you have a look at it?
Will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
8) Jim couldnt drive a car. He took extra driving lessons.
Jim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) Lucas lent me his glasses, because I couldnt read the
message.
Lucas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) Mel put on a strange coat. She didnt want anybody to
recognise her.
Mel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I vty s nestejnm podmtem lze krtit infnitivem.
for + pedmt + infnitiv
I have brought it for you to read it.
Pinesl jsem ti to, aby sis to peetl.
Vazba so that + modln sloveso
se pouv u zpornch vt se stejnm
podmtem a u vt s rznmi podmty.
She took a taxi so that she wouldnt be late.
Vzala si taxi, aby nepila pozd.
I cut it myself so that he wouldnt hurt his fnger.
Nakrjel jsem to sm, aby se nezl
tahk
131
asov souslednost je zvislost tvaru slovesa ve vt
pedmtn na tvaru slovesa ve vt hlavn, je-li v ase
minulm, pedminulm nebo podmiovacm zpsobu.
Nejastjm ppadem asov souslednosti je
nepm e.
POSUN AS
Pm e Nepm e
PTOMN PROST MINUL PROST
PTOMN PRB-
HOV
MINUL PRBHOV
PEDPTOMN
PROST
PEDMINUL PROST
PEDPTOMN
PRBHOV

PEDMINUL
PRBHOV
MINUL PROST PEDMINUL PROST
MINUL PRBHOV
PEDMINUL
PRBHOV
WILL WOULD
WOULD WOULD HAVE
CAN COULD
MAY MIGHT
MUST HAD TO
Pm e Nepm e
I am at home. He said (that) he was at home.
I often eat out. She said (that) she often ate out.
He is writing letters.
She said (that) he was writing
letters.
They have bought
a new car.
I said (that) they had bought
a new car.
We have been
waiting for an hour.
They told us (that) they had
been waiting for an hour.
I went to work by
bus.
She said (that) she had gone to
work by bus.
She was having a
bath.
He said (that) she had been
having a bath.
He will do it for you. She told me (that) he would do
it for me.
I would do the same. He said (that) he would have
done the same.
Pm e Nepm e
I can help. She said (that) she could help.
We may come.
They said (that) they might
come.
We must get up
early.
They said (that) they had to get
up early.
Cvien 32.1. Utvote nepmou e.
1) They are still standing there.
Jack told us (that) they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Mr Knight left his wife.
Fiona said (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) I have never seen it before.
Julia told me (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) The Smiths will go on holiday without their children.
Peter asked the Parkers if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) She is going to travel after she fnishes school.
She said (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) We are leaving on Tuesday.
They informed us (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) If we see him, we will tell him about it.
They promised (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32. asov souslednost
PM E NEPM E
am, is was
are were
go went
have gone had gone
went had gone
will would
can could
may might
must had to
tahk
132
8) I dont smoke any more.
She told him (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) We will be there on time.
They said (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) I have almost fnished it.
He informed them (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) Kim has never been to Japan.
Kim told me (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) I am sure he will be late again.
She said (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) We have been learning English for ages.
They said (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) It will be better.
They hoped (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) She may come with us.
They told us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Zmna nkterch vraz
today that day
tonight that night
tomorrow the next day, the following day
yesterday the day before, the previous day
last week the week before, the previous week
ago before
this that
these those
here there
now then, at that time
next week the next week, the following week
come go
I will do it today. Udlm to dnes.
He said (that) he would it that day. ekl, e to udl t den.
He said (that) he would it today. ekl, e to udl dnes.
Cvien 32.2. Utvote nepmou e.
Zmte tun vytitn vrazy.
1) I dont know this girl.
Jim said (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) We will do it tomorrow.
They promised (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) I lost my passport yesterday.
Hannah told me (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) We dont like these buildings.
They said (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) I am working today.
He told his wife (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) Its here.
He told me (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) They will arrive next week.
They informed their friends (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) I will wait here until you ask me to leave.
I told them (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) We werent there last week, we were there three
weeks ago.
They said (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) We are going to the disco tonight.
The children told their parents (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
now then, at that time
today that day
tomorrow the next day, the following day
yesterday the day before, the previous day
this that
these those
next the next
zapamatuj si
133
NEPM OTZKA
Pravidla o asov souslednosti plat u nepmch otzek.
Viz kapitola 23. e) Nepm otzka na stran 106
Are you leaving on Monday or on Tuesday?
She asked him if he was leaving on Monday or on
Tuesday.
Did he bring it?
They asked me if he had brought it.
Cvien 32.3. Utvote nepm otzky.
1) Where did you meet your husband?
John asked me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Why are they leaving?
I didnt want to ask them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) What are you going to do about it?
The question was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Can he speak Spanish?
No-one knew if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Has Jane ever said anything interesting?
He doubted if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) Are you interested in classical music?
The woman asked the man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Does Lucas go to work by car?
They asked Lucas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Do you like horror flms?
She asked him . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) When will you be back?
They wanted to know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) Were they on holiday in Spain or in Greece?
Their colleagues asked them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PRAVIDLA O ASOV SOUSLEDNOSTI NEPLAT
a) u obecn platnch tvrzen
The sun rises in the east.
The boy didnt know (that) the sun rises in the east.
b) je-li udna pesn doba v minulosti
All students knew (that) the war broke out in 1939.
c) should se nemn
d) must se mn podle vznamu
Must se nemn u trvalho pkazu, respektive zkazu
(mustnt).
You mustnt smoke here.
They said (that) we mustnt smoke there.
ekli, e tam nesmme kouit.
ale
He said (that) he had to do it quickly.
ekl, e to mus udlat rychle.
e) u zdvoilch dost se ptomn kondicionl nemn
Would you help me?
Pomohl bys mi?
I asked him if he would help me.
Zeptal jsem se ho, zda by mi pomohl.
f) podmnkov vty typu 2 a 3 se nemn
If I knew it, I wouldnt ask.
He said (that) if he knew it, he wouldnt ask.
Test 10
1) If he . . . . . . . her, he will give it to her.
A) will see B) see C) sees D) saw
2) If only we . . . . . . . there with you last night.
A) were B) have been C) are D) had been
Prostudujte si znovu kapitolu 23. e)
Nepm otzka na stran 106
odkaz
134
3) He gave me no information . . . . . . . didnt surprise me
at all.
A) , what B) , which C) , that D) that
4) I will lend you my glasses . . . . . . . it.
A) so that you can read B) in order to read
C) so that you could read D) so that you read it
5) Did you understand why they . . . . . . . to Italy by bus,
not by plane?
A) go B) have gone C) are going D) had gone
6) They wont come unless you . . . . . . . them.
A) invite B) will invite
C) dont invite D) wont invite
7) Its raining and raining. If only it . . . . . . .
A) stop B) stopped
C) will stop D) would stop
8) Did you understand . . . . . . . he said?
A) all what B) what C) that D) which
9) Jane sent me an email . . . . . . . the date of her arrival.
A) so that let me know B) so let me know
C) to let me know D) let me know
10) The man at the station asked me . . . . . . .
A) what time is it B) what time it is
C) what time was it D) what time it was
11) If they . . . . . . . me yesterday, they would know it.
A) contact B) have contacted
C) contacted D) had contacted
12) Julia will be jogging while her boyfriend . . . . . . . lunch.
A) will be preparing B) is preparing
C) prepare D) will prepare
13) He is so unreliable. If only he . . . . . . .
A) isnt B) doesnt C) wasnt D) didnt
14) The cinema . . . . . . . has been knocked down.
A) in which we frst met B) which we frst met
C) we met frst D) in that we frst met
15) We asked the hotel service to wake us up . . . . . . . .
A) not to oversleep
B) so that we cant oversleep
C) to not oversleep
D) so that we wouldnt oversleep
16) Paul told me he . . . . . . . sushi before.
A) has never eaten B) had never eaten
C) didnt ever eat D) doesnt eat
17) If he . . . . . . ., I wont wait.
A) was late B) is late
C) will be late D) would be late
18) I cant speak French. I wish I . . . . . . .
A) would B) will C) could D) can
19) Jim is jogging . . . . . . . ft.
A) so that to keep B) to keep
C) so that he would keep D) to have kept
20) They told us they . . . . . . . do it for us if we . . . . . . . them.
A) will, ask B) would, ask
C) will, asked D) would, asked
135
NEPRAVIDELN SLOVESA
Infnitiv Minul as Pest min. esky
be was, were been bt
beat beat beaten bt, tlouci
become became become stt se
begin began begun zat
bend bent bent ohnout
bet bet bet szet
bite bit bitten kousat
blow blew blown foukat
break broke broken zlomit
bring brought brought pinst
build built built postavit
buy bought bought koupit
catch caught caught chytat
choose chose chosen vybrat si
come came come pijt
cost cost cost stt
cut cut cut ezat, sthat
do did done dlat
draw drew drawn
thnout,
kreslit
drink drank drunk pt
drive drove driven dit
eat ate eaten jst
fall fell fallen padat
feed fed fed krmit
feel felt felt ctit se
fght fought fought bojovat
fnd found found najt
fy few fown ltat
forget forgot forgotten zapomenout
forgive forgave forgiven odpustit
freeze froze frozen mrznout
get got got dostat
give gave given dt
go went gone jt
grow grew grown
rst,
pstovat
have had had mt
hear heard heard slyet
hide hid hidden schovat (se)
hit hit hit zashnout
hold held held dret
hurt hurt hurt zranit
keep kept kept dret
kneel knelt knelt kleet
know knew known vdt
lay laid laid poloit
lead led led vst
learn learnt learnt uit se
leave left left
opustit,
nechat
lend lent lent pjit
let let let nechat
lie lay lain leet
lose lost lost ztratit
make made made dlat
mean meant meant
mnit,
znamenat
meet met met
setkat se,
potkat
pay paid paid platit
put put put poloit
read read read st
ride rode ridden jezdit
ring rang rung zvonit
rise rose risen povstat
run ran run bhat
say said said ci
see saw seen vidt
sell sold sold prodat
send sent sent poslat
set set set umstit
sew sewed sewn t
shine shone shone svtit
shoot shot shot stlet
shut shut shut zavt
sing sang sung zpvat
sit sat sat sedt
sleep slept slept spt
speak spoke spoken mluvit
Ploha
136
spend spent spent
strvit,
utratit
stand stood stood stt
steal stole stolen krst
swim swam swum plavat
take took taken vzt
teach taught taught uit
tell told told ci
think thought thought myslet
throw threw thrown hzet
understand understood understood rozumt
wake woke woken vzbudit
wear wore worn
nosit na
sob
win won won vyhrt
write wrote written pst
137
1.1.

boyfriend girlfriend
lion lioness
hero heroine
emperor empress
uncle aunt
waiter waitress
actor actress
tsar tsarina
duke duchess
headmaster headmistress
1.2.
Jednotn slo Mnon slo
loaf loaves
tomato tomatoes
sheep sheep
disco discos
watch watches
boy boys
family families
roof roofs
means means
grandchild grandchildren
Englishman Englishmen
foot feet
hero heroes
medium media
aircraft aircraft
leaf leaves
ox oxen
woman women
crossroads crossroads
life lives
kiss kisses
series series
goose geese
chief chiefs
box boxes
1.3.
1) are
2) is
3) are
4) is
5) are
6) is
7) are
8) is
9) is
10) are
11) are
12) is
13) are
14) are
15) is
1.4.
Poitateln Nepoitateln
fower importance
bottle four
slice money
loaf wine
piano water
radio bread
suitcase cheese
bag music
newspaper luggage
item news
1.5.
1) E) 2) D) 3) B) 4) A) 5) C)
1.6.
1) an
2) some
3) some
4) a
5) some
6) some
7) a
8) a
9) some
10) some
1.7.
1) Pauls grandfather
2) girls name
3) Tom and Jennys wedding
4) tomorrows newspaper
5) my brothers room
6) childrens books
7) Mr Browns son
8) worlds population
1.8.
1) a, a
2) the, the
3) a, the, the
4) the
5) The, -
6) the
7) -
8) -
9) The, the
10) the, the
11) a, a
12) -, -
13) The
14) -, a
15) the
16) the
17) -, a
18) the, a
19) a, the
20) the
21) the
22) the
23) -, -
24) the
25) the
26) -, -
27) The
28) the
29) a, the
30) a, the
Kl
9) directors ofce
10) womens rights
11) at grandfathers
12) fve minutes walk
13) my sisters room
14) parents bedroom
15) mens clothes
138
1.9.
1) the United Kingdom
2) the Sahara Desert
3) Lake Ontario
4) Buckingham Palace
5) Oxford Street
6) the Indian Ocean
7) the Swiss Alps
8) the Danube
9) the USA
10) Heathrow
11) the Guardian
12) Europe
13) Westminster Abbey
14) the Houses of Parliament
15) the National Theatre
16) the English Channel
17) the Netherlands
18) Etna
19) the Canary Islands
20) the Brave Lion Pub
21) the Rocky Mountains
22) the Tower
23) Lloyds Bank
24) the Middle East
25) the Conservative party
26) the UN
27) Northern America
28) the Bank of England
29) the Mediterranean
30) Trafalgar Square
TEST 1
1) B)
2) C)
3) D)
4) C)
5) A)
6) D)
7) C)
8) A)
9) C)
10) A)
11) D)
12) B)
13) A)
14) A)
15) C)
16) B)
17) C)
18) B)
19) C)
20) D)
21) D)
22) D)
23) A)
24) D)
25) B)
2.1.
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
large larger the largest
lazy lazier the laziest
crowded more crowded the most crowded
busy busier the busiest
far farther / further the farthest / the furthest
sad sadder the saddest
fat fatter the fattest
amusing more amusing the most amusing
little less the least
bad worse the worst
lucky luckier the luckiest
contented more contented the most contented
lovely lovelier the loveliest
easy easier the easiest
thin thinner the thinnest
good better the best
dangerous more dangerous the most dangerous
safe safer the safest
advanced more advanced the most advanced
hot hotter the hottest
often more often the most often
wide wider the widest
narrow narrower the narrowest
tiring more tiring the most tiring
funny funnier the funniest
slow slower the slowest
interesting more interesting the most interesting
near nearer the nearest
wet wetter the wettest
2.2.
1) Jim is older than Paul.
2) Fiona isnt as tall as / so Suzy.
3) Are you as good at English as /so your brother?
4) I dont have as / so many as friends you.
5) Jeremy is younger than his wife.
6) A cheetah is faster than a lion.
7) Was it as bad as you expected?
8) Can Paul play squash as well as Charles?
9) We are as busy as last year.
10) This house is more expensive than that one.
2.3.
1) It was much / far / a lot worse than we expected.
2) What is the latest news?
3) My brothet is a little / a bit / a little bit slimmer than my
sister.
4) You are as a good singer as your father.
5) The longer you talk, the less we understand.
6) The sooner, the better.
7) It is by far the best joke I have ever heard.
8) Our new car is much / far / a lot faster but less
comfortable.
9) Are you really as a good goalkeeper as they say?
10) Dont be as silly as her. / she is.
2.4.
1) of
2) of
3) with
4) of
5) to
6) of
7) of
8) of
9) about
10) at
11) of
12) for
13) with
14) with
15) about
16) of
17) with
18) of
19) to
20) to
2.5.
1) a new black sports car
2) an interesting old French book
3) a big green plastic bag
4) a small white china cup
5) an old Japanese writing desk
6) an antique Swiss wooden clock
7) a modern rectangular glass table
8) a funny big yellow umbrella
9) an interesting tall young man
10) long curly dark hair
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2.6.
1) surprising
2) confused
3) excited
4) disgusting
5) interested
6) amazing
7) tired
8) disappointing
9) bored
10) confusing
TEST 2
1) C)
2) D)
3) B)
4) A)
5) C)
6) D)
7) C)
8) B)
9) A)
10) D)
11) D)
12) A)
13) A)
14) B)
15) D)
16) B)
17) C)
18) B)
19) D)
20) A)
3.1.
1) her
2) theirs
3) them
4) us
5) our
6) his
7) its
8) mine
9) yours
10) ours
3.2.
1) I saw a friend of yours last night.
2) Jim took a pen of mine by mistake.
3) A fan of theirs called them a week ago.
4) We were there with three friends of ours.
5) Lucas is having dinner with a girlfriend of his.
3.3.
1) Do you like these houses?
2) Are those books yours?
3) Excuse me, are these your suitcases?
4) These men are weird.
5) Those girls are my best friends.
3.4.
I myself it itself
you yourself we ourselves
he himself you yourselves
she herself they themselves
3.5.
1) each other
2) yourself
3) yourselves
4) herself
5)
6) each other
7) yourself
8) each other
9)
10) itself
3.6.
1) Which
2) What
3) Which
4) What
5) Whose
6) What
7) Who
8) What
9) Who
10) What
3.7.
1) anything
2) some
3) any
4) any
5) Anything
6) nothing
7) nobody / no-one
8) somebody / someone
9) somewhere
10) no
3.8.
1) both
2) neither
3) all
4) every
5) else
6) ones
7) Either
8) none
9) one
10) each
3.9.
1) another
2) the other
3) others
4) other
5) the others
3.10.
1) much
2) little
3) a little
4) many
5) a few
6) much
7) little
8) a few
9) few
10) a little
TEST 3
1) C)
2) B)
3) D)
4) A)
5) C)
6) A)
7) C)
8) B)
9) B)
10) A)
11) C)
12) A)
13) D)
14) A)
15) C)
16) B)
17) C)
18) A)
19) C)
20) B)
4.1.
1) thirteen
2) thirty
3) seventy-eight
4) ninety-eight
5) ffteen
6) ffty-one
7) forty-three
8) eight hundred and ninety-seven
9) six thousand two hundred and ffty-nine
140
10) eight million nine hundred thousand eight hundred
and twenty
11) twelve
12) twenty
13) one hundred and twenty-nine
14) two point fve eight
15) seven million two hundred and sixteen
4.2.
1) the frst 1st
2) the twelfth 12th
3) the ffth 5th
4) the fortieth 40th
5) the ffty-fourth 54th
6) the thirty-ninth 39th
7) the seventy-third 73rd
8) the twenty-second 22nd
9) the ffty-frst 51st
10) the second 2nd
4.3.
1) B)
6) A)
2) I)
7) F)
3) E)
8) G)
4) H)
9) J)
5) C)
10) D)
4.4.
1) the twenty-sixth of May two thousand (and) six
2) the seventeenth of November nineteen-eighty-nine
3) the fourth of July seventeen-seventy-six
4) the ffteenth of March nineteen-thirty-nine
5) ffteen (hundred) thirty-four
6) sixteen (hundred) twenty
7) ffty-fve Before Christ
8) forty-three Anno Domini
9) ten (hundred) sixty-six
10) the third of June nineteen-ninety-eight
4.5.
1) ninety per cent
2) six plus twelve equals (is) eighteen
3) fve multiplied by six equals (is) thirty
4) thirty-fve divided by seven equals (is) fve
5) the square root of sixteen equals (is) four
6) fve squared equals (is) twenty-fve
5.1.
1) Did
2) was / is / will be
3) does / did
4) Have
5) were
6) didnt
7) was
8) has
9) werent
10) are
5.2.
1) Jim has never smoked a cigar.
2) We didnt do it last week, we did it the week before.
3) The girls dont wear skirts to school.
4) It was said at the meeting last Tuesday.
5) I promise, Ill be there in time.
6.1.
1) be able to
2) could
3) can / could
4) to be able to
5) been able to
6) be able to
7) were able to
8) Can / Could
9) be able to
10) cant
6.2.
1) been allowed to
2) May
3) will be allowed to
4) werent allowed to
5) be allowed to
6) to be allowed to
7) may / might
8) wasnt allowed to
9) may / might
10) May
6.3.
1) had to
2) will have to
3) had to
4) must
5) dont have to / wont have to
6.4.
1) mustnt
2) must
3) neednt
4) neednt
5) mustnt
6) mustnt
7) must
8) neednt, must
9) mustnt
10) neednt
6.5.
1) Fiona must be still working.
2) They may / might have been sick.
3) He may / might not have seen her.
4) Jack must be hungry.
5) You must be joking.
6) It cant have been true.
7) You must have left your purse at home.
8) You cant be serious.
9) They may / might be waiting in another place.
10) He must have taken it by mistake.
6) didnt have to
7) must
8) have to
9) had to
10) have to
141
6.6.
1) Shall I lend
2) Shall I answer
3) Shall I help
4) shall we meet
5) Shall I open
6) Shall we go
7) Shall I get
8) Shall I turn
9) shall we invite
10) shall I wear
6.7.
1) He should be wearing a helmet.
2) They shouldnt have gone there without a guide.
They should have gone there with a guide.
3) She shouldnt have been late.
4) You should have gone to bed early last night.
5) I should have asked the way.
6) He shouldnt post it.
6.8.
1) used to be slim. /
/ didnt use to be fat.
2) didnt use to smoke
3) used to go out
4) used to live
5) used to have
6.9.
1) sleeping
2) drink
3) having
4) live
5) eating
6) meeting
7) go
8) walking
9) have
10) living
6.10.
1) d better leave
2) d rather wait
3) d rather stay
4) d better take
5) d better not tell
6) d better put on
7) d better ask
8) d better study
9) d rather go
10) d better do
TEST 4
1) C)
2) B)
3) D)
4) D)
5) A)
6) B)
7) A)
8) C)
9) B)
10) A)
11) D)
12) A)
13) B)
14) A)
15) D)
16) C)
17) B)
18) D)
19) B)
20) C)

7.1.
1) goes
2) watches
3) carries
4) plays
5) fies
6) studies
7) does
8) fnishes
9) tries
10) has
11) is
12) kisses
13) prays
14) wishes
15) buys
7.2.
1) ? Does he go to the theatre once a month? / How
often does he go to the theatre?
He doesnt go to the theatre once a month.
2) ? Do they live in the country? / Where do they live?
They dont live in the country.
3) ? Does it often rain in England? / How often does it
rain in England?
It doesnt often rain in England.
4) ? Does Paul like tea with milk? / What does Paul like?
Paul doesnt like tea with milk.
5) ? Do Jim and Bob watch TV in the evening? / When
do Jim and Bob watch TV?
Jim and Bob dont watch TV in the evening.
7.3.
1) sitting
2) studying
3) having
4) skiing
5) smoking
6) playing
7) getting
8) forgetting
9) leaving
10) living
11) travelling
12) stopping
13) coming
14) carrying
15) beginning
7.4.
1) Why are Tom and Paola waiting in front of the house?
2) I dont understand what you mean.
3) What does Jane do on Saturdays?
4) How often does it snow in your country?
5) Are you still reading the book by Ian Mc Ewan?
6) What is happening?
7) Jamie doesnt play tennis with us.
8) When do the Smiths go to the mountains?
9) Does Robin want to go shopping with her?
10) I am not playing squash with Sarah tonight.
7.5.
1) is shouting
2) isnt raining
3) misses
4) is missing
5) am having
6) am fying
7) watch, are listening
8) is making
9) is getting
10) speaks
8.1.
1) dropped
2) studied
3) changed
4) knitted
5) looked
6) listened
7) preferred
8) loved
9) played
10) visited
11) travelled
12) married
13) asked
14) was, were
15) stayed
6) used to walk
7) used to meet
8) used to listen
9) didnt use to travel
10) didnt use to wear
142
8.2.
esky Infnitiv Minul as Pest minul
bt be was, were been
bt, tlouci beat beat beaten
chytat catch caught caught
mrznout freeze froze frozen
rozumt understand understood understood
padat fall fell fallen
plavat swim swam swum
zvonit ring rang rung
ctit se feel felt felt
kousat bite bit bitten
vyhrt win won won
leet lie lay lain
uit teach taught taught
pijt come came come
dit drive drove driven
platit pay paid paid
ci tell told told
ci say said said
jst eat ate eaten
pt drink drank drunk
povstat rise rose risen
zashnout hit hit hit
dret hold held held
stt se become became become
hzet throw threw thrown
stlet shoot shot shot
vzbudit wake woke woken
foukat blow blew blown
vybrat si choose chose chosen
ztratit lose lost lost
8.3.
1) Who did Kim meet last night?
2) Where did they see the flm?
3) What did Jim put on the desk?
4) Why did Jessica shut the window?
5) When / What time did Charles wake up yesterday?
6) How many melons did you buy?
7) What did they play in the morning?
8) Where did you fnd the glasses?
9) What did she make?
10) Why did they do it?
8.4.
1) They didnt choose the red ball.
2) She didnt lend me the book.
3) Ruth didnt do the homework at school.
4) Peter didnt write me a letter.
5) I didnt feel tired.
6) John didnt sleep well last night.
7) We didnt want to meet them at the party.
8) Vicky didnt drink only beer.
9) We didnt understand why they did it.
10) She didnt get lost.
8.5.
1) I was washing up while my husband was reading
a newspaper. / I was reading a newspaper while my
husband was washing up.
2) What were you doing at 7?
3) Was it raining when he arrived?
4) Dorothy wasnt wearing a dress yesterday.
5) We were having dinner when you phoned.
8.6.
1) was shining, arrived
2) was waiting, started
3) met, was wearing
4) happened, were driving
5) broke, was skiing
6) were doing, saw
7) were playing, hit
8) were listening, fell
9) was having
10) were driving, stopped
TEST 5
1) D)
2) B)
3) A)
4) D)
5) A)
6) B)
7) C)
8) B)
9) C)
10) D)
11) B)
12) A)
13) B)
14) B)
15) C)
16) C)
17) C)
18) A)
19) A)
20) B)
9.1.
1) seen
2) waited
3) had
4) lost
5) brought
6) broken
7) hit
8) sung
9) thought
10) eaten
11) spoken
12) sold
13) fallen
14) felt
15) done
16) gone
17) bought
18) known
19) got
20) kept
21) stopped
22) given
23) risen
24) fought
25) hidden
26) woken
27) hurt
28) stolen
29) written
30) chosen
9.2.
1) has cleaned
2) has painted
3) have gone
4) has stopped
5) has broken
6) have bought
7) have lost
8) has left
9) has left
10) have told
9.3.
1) have known
2) have
3) havent seen
4) met, have been
5) have you had
6) has (s) happened, broke
7) wrote
8) hasnt arrived
143
9) did it happen
10) has never smoked
11) Have you ever eaten
12) has been, returned
13) have never been to,
were in
14) have spent
15) Is, has been
9.4.
1) has been raining, woke up
2) has been standing
3) Have you been waiting
4) has been crying, heard
5) Have you been running
6) has been doing, graduated
7) has been teaching
8) has Tom been going out
9) Are the children still sleeping
10) have been repairing
9.5.
1) has drunk
2) have just moved
3) have been working
4) has gone
5) have you been learning
6) learnt
7) have already read
8) have been sunbathing
9) have just bought
10) has drawn
10.1.
1) had already had
2) had been invited
3) had broken into
4) had already started
5) hadnt fown /
/ had never fown
6) had been
7) had gone
8) had left
9) had just washed
10) hadnt seen /
/ had never seen

10.2.
1) had been working, retired
2) had been raining, arrived
3) had been playing, started
4) was, had been working
5) had, had been driving
6) got, had been waiting
7) had been speaking, realised
8) had been listening, realised, had heard
9) had been sleeping, came
10) had never smoked, smoked
11.1.
1) will be skiing
2) am going to
make
3) am playing
4) will take
5) are you doing
6) will pass
7) is going to cry
8) does our bus
leave
9) will post
10) are fying
11) am going to
read
12) wont tell
13) are having,
Will you come
14) is going to
listen
15) will be sitting

11.2.
1) will
2) be passing
3) are you going to
4) will help
5) is going to
6) starts
7) am going to
8) will
9) am going to
10) will
12.1.
1) will have been learning
2) will have fnished
3) will have bought
4) will have been working
5) will have been
6) will have prepared
7) will have saved
8) will have been learning
9) will have been living
10) will have left
TEST 6
1) B)
2) D)
3) B)
4) C)
5) A)
6) C)
7) B)
8) D)
9) B)
10) D)
11) A)
12) C)
13) B)
14) D)
15) A)
16) D)
17) D)
18) C)
19) C)
20) B)
13.1.
1) is there
2) was it
3) will you
4) arent I
5) did they
6) havent you
7) will you
8) shall we
9) do you
10) has he
11) didnt I
12) hasnt she
13) need he
14) will they
15) would you
16) are they
17) dont you
18) should she
19) doesnt he
20) dont we
14.1.
1) am thinking
2) smells
3) feel
4) is having
5) need, am thinking
6) tastes
7) is seeing
8) is she smelling
9) dont think, is thinking
10) smells, tastes
15.1.
1) meeting
2) fying, going
3) getting
4) being
5) having to
6) eating
7) smoking
8) standing, sitting
9) stealing, taking /
/ taking, stealing
10) swimming
15.2.
1) for being
2) on passing
3) from leaving
4) of being
5) of stealing
6) on paying
7) from going
8) for asking
9) of not being
10) to seeing
144
15.3.
1) cleaning / to be cleaned
2) laughing
3) telling / having told
4) to call
5) working
6) skiing
7) (to) move
8) to announce
9) locking
10) windsurfng
15.4.
1) C) 2) H) 3) D) 4) I) 5) E)
6) A) 7) G) 8) F) 9) J) 10) B)
15.5.
1) Having said all he wanted, he left without saying
goodbye.
2) It has stopped raining and started snowing.
3) She forgot lending / having lent me money.
4) I remember shutting / having shut the window.
Its no use going back.
5) Would you mind turning the radio down?
6) They suspect him of taking drugs.
7) I look forward to seeing you soon.
8) Excuse me for being late.
9) I cant stand being told what to do.
10) Our fat needs decorating / to be decorated.
16.1.
1) makes, feel
2) let, do
3) made, cry
4) make, do
5) made, to open
6) d better not leave
7) didnt hear, come
8) lets, talk
9) d rather not tell
10) made to speak
16.2.
1) She seems to be leaving.
2) The company seems to have had a pre tax proft
of 10 million pounds.
3) Ben seems to have lost his wallet on the bus.
4) They seemed not to have heard it before.
5) Suzy seems to have a lot of friends.
16.3.
1) He is known to be a good singer.
2) They are expected to do it tomorrow.
3) She is believed not to have done it.
4) Four people were announced to have been killed
in the storm.
5) His latest book is supposed to be very good.
16.4.
1) She is easy to be with.
2) They are likely to come tomorrow.
3) He was believed to have done it.
4) They are difcult to live with.
5) James is said to be staying with Ruth.
6) They are known to have had problems with money
last year.
7) It is thought to have happened many years ago.
8) She is unlikely to come.
9) He seems to be leaving.
10) The water is safe to drink.
11) They seemed to have had a perfect holiday.
12) Jane is sure to pass the exam.
13) He is impossible to talk to now.
14) The company seems to have lost a lot of money
last year.
15) Three people are reported to have been killed
in the accident.
16.5.
1) I want them to understand it.
2) They asked her to excuse them.
3) Why are you telling me not to do it?
4) Do you expect him / her to be back by Saturday?
5) They ordered us not to leave the room.
6) I dont want them to know it.
7) We didnt expect it to be so far.
8) Would you like us to stay here with you?
9) They invited us to join them.
10) Did they really want you to do it?
17.1.
1) It can be seen everywhere.
2) Our house was decorated last month.
3) This matter will never be discussed.
4) These photos were taken in Greece.
5) This work wont have been fnished by Monday.
6) Has the house been left unlocked?
7) A very important problem is being discussed
at the moment.
8) English is spoken here.
9) He will never be forgotten.
10) The Prime Minister has been shot.
17.2.
1) Our house is looked after by Mrs Black when we are
abroad.
2) That accident hasnt been spoken about yet.
3) Mr Smith was sent for.
4) This matter will be dealt with soon.
5) I dont like being shouted at.
17.3.
1) I always have my fat cleaned.
2) Joyce had her wallet stolen yesterday.
145
3) We have just had the heating repaired.
4) I am having my car serviced at the moment.
5) She never has her hair cut.
17.4.
1) He was sent an important letter.
2) She has been shown how to do it.
3) You will be told about it soon.
4) I was asked to wait.
5) The employees are paid weekly.
6) Sam was ofered the job.
7) The children are taught to count.
8) We havent been told yet.
9) The police was / were asked for help.
10) How much will you be paid?
TEST 7
1) D)
2) B)
3) A)
4) C)
5) D)
6) D)
7) C)
8) A)
9) A)
10) D)
11) A)
12) B)
13) C)
14) A)
15) C)
16) B)
17) A)
18) D)
19) D)
20) A)
18.1.
1) Dont close it.
2) Lets not leave.
3) Dont shout.
4) Dont worry.
5) Dont open the window.
6) Dont stand up.
7) Dont let him say things like that.
8) Dont let the children talk to strangers.
9) Dont touch it.
10) Dont let him take advantage of you like that.
19.1.
1) making
2) making
3) made
4) made
5) do
6) make
7) to make
8) Make
9) making
10) make
11) do
12) make
13) making
14) made
15) do
16) done
17) make
18) made /
/ have made
19) do
20) done
21) (to) do
22) made
23) makes
24) make
25) make
20.1.
1) happily
2) cheerfully
3) quietly
4) incredibly
5) fnancially
6) logically
7) lazily
8) straight
9) wholly
10) truly
11) publicly
12) usually
13) fast
14) simply
15) heavily
20.2.
1) hardly, nearly
2) high
3) lately
4) deeply
5) hard
6) highly
7) nearly
8) near
9) hardly
10) good, well
20.3.
1) enough glasses
2) old enough
3) rich enough
4) experienced enough
5) fast enough
6) enough eggs
7) big enough
8) enough dictionaries
9) strong enough
10) enough room
20.4.
1) fast faster fastest
2) slowly more slowly most slowly
3) far farther / further farthest / farthest
4) early earlier earliest
5) quickly more quickly most quickly
6) late later latest
7) often more often most often
8) badly worse worst
9) successfully more successfully most successfully
10) little less least
21.1.
1) within
2) except
3) towards
4) during
5) between
6) of
7) by
8) across
9) since
10) into
21.2.
1) over
2) from
3) of
4) at
5) to
6) out of
7) of
8) in
9) on behalf of
10) for
21.3.
1) on
6) in
2) in
7) at
3) at
8) in
4) at
9) at
5) at
10) in
21.4.
1) on
6) at
2) at
7) in
3) in
8) At
4) at
9) on
5) in
10) at, in
TEST 8
1) B)
2) D)
3) A)
4) B)
5) C)
6) C)
7) A)
8) C)
9) D)
10) A)
11) B)
12) D)
13) A)
14) B)
15) C)
16) C)
17) C)
18) B)
19) C)
20) D)
146
22.1.
1) We saw the flm at the cinema last night.
2) They spoke about it at school a week ago.
3) Lets meet at 5 tomorrow.
4) He closed the door quietly.
5) It will be announced at the staf meeting next Monday.
6) We called our friends immediately after breakfast.
7) You have met him at school today.
8) Jack goes to work by car every day.
9) Lets go shopping to the supermarket in the evening.
10) I think all students will speak English fuently.
22.2.
1) B) 2) A) 3) B) 4) A) 5) B)
6) B) 7) B) 8) A) 9) A) 10) B)
22.3.
1) You never say you will always love me.
2) He can never remember names. He must always write
them down.
3) We dont usually go out after dinner.
4) He will often travel abroad.
5) Do you ever go to bed before midnight?
6) She is usually tired when she gets home.
7) It often rains in winter there.
8) He seldom has a shower.
9) They will never understand it.
10) Joe is always drinking beer.
22.4.
1) Were there
2) There was / is
3) Will there be
4) There have been
5) There was
6) There has been
7) Is there
8) There have been
9) Will there be
10) There are
22.5.
1) So is
2) Neither does
3) So will
4) Neither did
5) Neither can
6) Neither have
7) So did
8) Neither could
9) So are
10) So would
23.1.
1) Is Paul working today?
2) Can Peter speak English?
3) Have they gone?
4) Did Fiona have a birthday yesterday?
5) Will you be there on time?
6) Were they dancing at 6 yesterday?
7) Will you be lying on the beach this time tomorrow?
8) Does he do it?
9) Had they fnished it before they left?
10) Does it often snow in England?
23.2.
1) Where are you fying next week?
2) When do you go to Italy?
3) How many languages does Pam speak?
4) What were they cooking?
5) Why does Tom love Lucy?
6) What was Suzy wearing?
7) When / How often did he wear a suit?
8) Who does Jack want to speak to?
9) How often do you go to the cinema?
10) How many children do they have?
11) When did they get married?
12) How is she going to work today?
13) Where is he from?
14) Whose car is it?
15) What were you talking about?
16) Who is Tim looking at?
17) How long have you been waiting here?
18) How many times did they change?
19) How much sugar does he need?
20) How old is she?
21) What was the weather like?
22) Who will they go there with?
23) When was it announced?
24) How do you get / go to work?
25) Where did it happen?
26) Which car do you prefer?
27) What was she looking for?
28) What flms do you like watching?
29) How long did it take you to get to London?
30) What does your sister look like?
31) How long will they be able to stay there?
32) How many cigarettes a day does Pat smoke?
33) What lorry is there in front of the house?
34) Why did they do it?
35) Who did Molly say it to?
36) How long had Susan been working for this company
when she retired?
37) Who did Jack and Jill have to speak English with?
38) When will Tom be allowed to drive a car?
39) How many times has Brigit been to Scotland?
40) What time does physics start?
23.3.
1) Dont you like her?
2) Didnt you meet him at the party last week?
3) Isnt she interested in music?
4) Dont you have your own?
5) Hasnt James done it?
147
23.4.
1) Who saw Fiona?
2) Who did James see?
3) What has Paul got?
4) What did the Smiths have last night?
5) Who lost the key?
6) Who did Frank phone?
7) Who won a million?
8) Who loves Eve?
9) Who has bought a new car?
10) What did the children break?
11) Who agrees with their decision?
12) Who does Jeremy agree with?
13) Who were the boys talking about?
14) Who got lost?
15) Who did Alan marry?
23.5.
1) Ask her if she is reading a newspaper.
2) I dont know if they have ever been to Moscow.
3) I dont remember when I frst met my wife.
4) Can you tell me how much this skirt costs?
5) Have you any idea where the children are?
6) I dont remember when the bus leaves.
7) Do you know what time the post ofce opens?
8) Tell me if it is true.
9) Please explain why you did it.
10) Do you know if they broke up?
11) Do you know how much the holiday will cost?
12) They will be wondering where you are.
13) Tell me where Val works.
14) I dont remember what they were talking about.
15) Who knows if they are still together.
24.1.
1) unreliable
2) non-believer
3) irresistible
4) unbelievable
5) impolite
6) inexpensive
7) immoral
8) non-addictive
9) disapprove
10) inexperienced
11) illogical
12) unnatural
13) improbable
14) irregular
15) non-existent
16) dishonest
17) inexhaustible
18) illegible
19) untie
20) incomplete
24.2.
1) decapitate
2) enlarge
3) biped
4) misunderstand
5) biannual
6) deforest
7) non-fammable
8) reopen
9) underage
10) overestimate
11) non-proft
12) enslave
13) misuse
14) bilingual
15) enable
25.1.
1) approval
2) separation
3) loneliness
4) depth
5) suggestion
6) kingdom
7) employee, employer,
employment
8) refusal
9) weakness
10) width
11) meaning
12) freedom
13) friendship
14) assumption
15) strength
16) improvement
17) attendance
18) removal
19) brotherhood
20) diference
21) wisdom
22) entrance
23) kindness
24) visibility
25) length
26) admiration
27) stupidity
28) election
29) silence
30) accuracy
25.2.
1) spiky
2) childish
3) angry
4) heavenly
5) dangerous
6) famous
7) friendly
8) endless
9) courageous
10) occasional
11) smelly
12) cowardly
13) ambitious
14) political
15) forgetful
16) acceptable
17) foolish
18) bony
19) lovely
20) careless, careful
25.3.
1) tighten
2) memorise
3) shorten
4) simplify
5) economise
6) authorise
7) strengthen
8) justify
9) summarise
10) brighten
26.1.
1) in spite of
2) although
3) At frst
4) because of
5) because
6) First
7) in spite of
8) Although
9) because of
10) At frst
TEST 9
1) C)
2) D
3) A)
4) D)
5) A)
6) A)
7) C)
8) C)
9) B)
10) C)
11) D)
12) C)
13) A)
14) C)
15) D)
16) C)
17) A)
18) B)
19) D)
20) B)
148
27.1.
1) do, will have to
2) wont come, arent
3) will do, gets
4) meets, will go
5) will never understand, dont listen
6) will miss, doesnt hurry
7) will be, fails
8) will change, is
9) dont feel, will stay
10) is, will be
11) stops, will go
12) eat, will be
13) will go, go
14) will help, ask
15) isnt, will start
27.2.
1) I wont go out tonight in case Jack rings.
2) I wont go for a walk if it rains.
3) You should take a map in case you get lost.
4) Ill give you a ring if I get lost.
5) They are going to install a smoke alarm in case there is
a fre.
6) You should go to the lost property if you lose your
luggage.
7) I will attach a label with my address to my luggage in
case I lose it.
8) Hold on, Ill withdraw some money from the cash
machine in case we need it.
9) I will withdraw some money from my account if there is
some.
10) I will arrange travel insurance in case I get sick in Italy.
27.3.
1) UNLESS
2) UNLESS
3) IF
4) IF
5) IF
6) UNLESS
7) UNLESS
8) IF
9) UNLESS
10) UNLESS
27.4.
1) If I wasnt / werent so busy, I would go out more often.
2) If this car wasnt / werent so expensive, I would buy it.
3) If it wasnt / werent raining, we could go for a walk.
4) If it wasnt / werent serious, I wouldnt bother you.
5) If Paul didnt work shifts, he wouldnt be tired.
6) If we had enough money, we could buy a new camera.
7) If Fiona didnt have to do the same things every day,
she wouldnt be fed up with her job.
8) If I knew it, I wouldnt be asking / ask.
9) If the Cunninghams didnt work in the city, they
wouldnt live there.
10) If there was / were something interesting on, I would
watch TV.
27.5.
1) If Fred hadnt missed the bus, he wouldnt have been
late for school.
2) If the road hadnt been wet and slippery, the accident
wouldnt have happened.
3) If they had had a map, they wouldnt have got lost.
4) If mum had been at home, she would have prepared
lunch.
5) If James hadnt got drunk, he wouldnt have lost his key
last night.
6) If I had been told, I would have done it.
7) If the boss hadnt shouted at her, she wouldnt have
got upset.
8) If the man had spoken English, Peter would have
understood.
9) If I had had a camera, I would have taken photos.
10) If there had been some people, somebody would have
called the ambulance.
27.6.
1) hadnt been, wouldnt be
2) would understand, wouldnt have skipped
3) hadnt eaten, wouldnt be
4) wouldnt be starving, had had
5) hadnt left, wouldnt have to
27.7.
1) forgot, would be
2) misses, will have to
3) had gone, wouldnt be
4) had told me, would have gone
5) wont help, asks
6) was / were, would
7) would have taken, had had
8) see, will you
9) would do, won
10) was / were, wouldnt do
28.1.
1) I will wash the dishes before I read the newspaper.
2) Jane is going to travel after she leaves school.
3) John will be cooking while Lucy is sleeping.
4) We will visit Jack when we are in the USA.
5) I wont do the same next time it happens.
6) I will tell you something as soon as he leaves.
7) They will be waiting here until you bring it.
8) You can leave after you fnish / have fnished it.
149
9) We will turn of the light before we go to bed.
10) I wont enter the room until you are there.
28.2.
1) We are leaving for London next week. When we are
there, we will see the Tower.
2) I may see Jim next week. If I see him, I will ask him
about it.
3) I might be late this evening. If I am, dont wait for me.
4) They are going on holiday. When they come back, they
will let you know.
5) I want you to join us, but if you dont want to, you
neednt.
29.1
1) I wish I wasnt / werent sick.
2) Jack wishes he didnt have to get up early.
3) If only you were allowed to smoke in here.
4) If only Lucy could speak French.
5) If only you would stop talking.
6) They wish they didnt live in a big city.
7) If only Jack didnt know it.
8) If only Mr Smith could do it.
9) I wish Sam would call me.
10) If only I could move.
29.2.
1) If only you had helped me.
2) If only they werent at work.
3) He wishes he hadnt drunk so much last night.
4) If only we hadnt left our luggage unattended.
5) If only it would stop snowing. If only it wasnt / werent
snowing.
6) If only my wife wasnt / werent angry with me.
7) If only they hadnt been late.
8) I wish I hadnt made him change his mind.
9) If only the car would start.
10) If only we had been told about it in time.
30.1.
1) I met an interesting girl whose phone number I dont
remember.
2) The man who answered the phone didnt tell me his
name.
3) Jane has a dog whose name is Spotty.
4) The town where / in which Jack was born is small.
5) The boy who is standing in front of our house looks like
my cousin.
6) Paul works in a factory that / which produces
tractors.
7) Alexander Flemming was a scientist who discovered
penicillin.
8) A vacuum cleaner is a machine that / which cleans
carpets.
9) I heard a song whose words I cant remember.
10) The house that / which was damaged by foods has just
been rebuilt.
30.2.
1) The miniskirt Suzy was wearing was bright pink.
2) The book he is reading is a novel.
3) The people I meet in my job are strange.
4) What is the name of the restaurant we had dinner in?
5) The people Jane was on holiday with are her
colleagues.
6) Do you know the boy who is waiting for you?
7) Mr Harris fnally got the job he was trained for.
8) Have you found the key you lost last night?
9) Where is the bottle of Irish whiskey I bought a week
ago?
10) The beautiful girl John is going out with used to be my
wife.
30.3.
1) Paris, which is the capital of France, lies on the River
Seina.
2) Claire White, who lives on the same foor as me, is an
interpreter.
3) The woman who lives on the same foor as me never
goes out.
4) The sunglasses my father is looking for are lying on the
table.
5) Jeremy Smith, who is Sophias friend, is a lawyer.
6) We looked up the Moon, which was bright that night.
7) Have you seen the girl John is talking to before?
8) We were in the Brave Lion Pub, which Ben
recommended to us.
9) We asked a policeman who was standing nearby for
help.
10) The Prime Minister, who was only 50, was shot down.
30.4.
1) They couldnt go with us, which was a pity.
2) I didnt catch what he said.
3) The sun was shining all day long, which we didnt
expect.
4) Judith passed the exam, which surprised me.
5) Give the boys what they want.
6) He says he is busy, which means he is going to stay at
work overnight.
7) What you did was right.
8) James helped me, which was nice of him.
9) You are not responsible for what happened last week.
10) Does anybody know what we are living for?
150
30.5.
1) I have three daughters, all of whom are students.
2) Peter wrote two letters, neither of which he posted.
3) Jill inherited one million dollars, half of which she gave
to charity.
4) Ten students took the exam, none of whom passed.
5) There are several cars at the crossroads, none of which
is faster than mine.
31.1.
1) I went to the hairdresser to have a new haircut.
2) She was on holiday in Greece to relax.
3) We are waiting here to talk to Tom.
4) He smokes to calm down.
5) They are going to Stockholm to practise their Swedish
6) John is saving money to buy a motorbike.
7) I take karate lessons to defend myself.
8) Jane put on a sweater to keep warm.
9) Kevin goes to so many parties to fnd a girlfriend.
10) I am wearing these glasses to see you.
31.2.
1) He is learning French so that he can read books in
French.
2) I bought the red paint so that I could paint the door
red.
3) They hid behind the tree so that nobody could see
them.
4) We are saving money so that we can travel round the
world next year.
5) He is whispering so that he wont wake up the baby.
6) The guide spoke slowly and clearly so that everybody
could / would understand.
7) Will you have a look at my hairdryer so that I can use it?
8) Jim took extra driving lessons so that he could drive
a car.
9) Lucas lent me his glasses so that I could read the
message.
10) Mel put on a strange coat so that nobody would reco-
gnise her.
32.1.
1) Jack told us (that) they were still standing there.
2) Fiona said (that) Mr Knight had left his wife.
3) Julia told me (that) she had never seen it before.
4) Peter asked the Parkers if they would go on holiday
without their children.
5) She said (that) she was going to travel after she
fnished school.
6) They informed us (that) they were leaving on Tuesday.
7) They promised (that) if they saw him, they would tell
him about it.
8) She told him (that) she didnt smoke any more.
9) They said (that) they would be there on time.
10) He informed them (that) he had almost fnished it.
11) Kim told me (that) she had never been to Japan.
12) She said (that) she was sure he would be late again.
13) They said they had been learning English for ages.
14) They hoped (that) it would be better.
15) They told us (that) she might come with them.
32.2.
1) Jim said (that) he didnt know that girl.
2) They promised (that) they would do it the next day /
the following day.
3) Hannah told me (that) she had lost her passport the
day before / the previous day.
4) They said (that) they didnt like those buildings.
5) He told his wife (that) he was working that day.
6) He told me (that) it was there.
7) They informed their friends (that) they would arrive the
next week / the following week.
8) I told them (that) I would wait there until they asked
me to leave.
9) They said (that) they hadnt been there the week
before / the previous week, but they had been there
three weeks before.
10) The children told their parents (that) they were going
to the disco that night.
32.3.
1) John asked me where I had met my husband.
2) I didnt want to ask them why they were leaving.
3) The question was what I was / we were going to do
about it.
4) No-one knew if he could speak Spanish.
5) He doubted if Jane had ever said anything interesting.
6) The woman asked the man if he was interested in
classical music.
7) They asked Luca s if he went to work by car.
8) She asked him if he liked horror flms.
9) They wanted to know when I we would be back.
10) Their colleagues asked them if they had been on
holiday in Spain or on Greece.
TEST 10
1) C)
2) D)
3) B)
4) A)
5) D)
6) A)
7) D)
8) B)
9) C)
10) D)
11) D)
12) B)
13) C)
14) A)
15) D)
16) B)
17) B)
18) C)
19) B)
20) D)

Angličtina V Kostce

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