33

CHAPTER 3
WORK UNDERTAKEN
3.1 Fabrication/Development
The project is fabricated in four main steps
Step 1: Adding 2
nd
Spark Plug in Head of Two Stroke Gasoline Engine:
First of all cylinder head is opened and with help of lathe machine a hole is drilled in the
cylinder head where 2
nd
spark plug is fitted. After that cylinder head is checked for
leaking and leakage is prevent by applying some industrial glue which can withstand at
high temperature and pressure. Figure 3.1 shows the cylinder head having two spark plug.











Figure 3.1: Cylinder Head having two spark plug
Step 2: Pulley is attached to the flywheel










Figure 3.2: Attachment of Pulley with Flywheel
1
st
Spark Plug
2
nd
Spark Plug
Flywheel
Pulley
34

Pulley is attached to flywheel by extending crankshaft. It is useful in measuring brake
power with help of rope brake dynamometer.
Step 3: Mounting Engine on Iron Strip Frame
After attaching the pulley, whole engine is mounted on the frame so that testing can be
done easily.














Figure 3.3: Mounting Engine on Frame
Step 4: Attaching Fuel Bottle for measuring fuel consumption
After mounting the engine on frame, fuel bottle is attached with the input of carburetor.
Main function of this fuel bottle is to supply the fuel to engine.











Figure 3.4: Fuel Bottle arrangement
Iron Frame
Fuel Bottle
35

3.2 Performance Parameters
1. Brake Power
The break power is the power available at the crank shaft. The break power of an I.C.
engine is, usually, measured by means of break mechanism.
Break power (B.P) =
2
60
watts
T = Torque in N-m
= W * L N-m
W = Break load in Newton.
L = Length of arm in meters,
N = Speed of the engine in R.P.M
2. Fuel Consumption
The fuel consumption characteristics of an engine and it is defined as the mass of
fuel consumed per second. Its unit is Kg/sec.
Mass of fuel in kg per second, m
f
=
v
t

v = Volume of fuel consumed per second in m
3
/Sec.
= Density of fuel in Kg/m
3

t = Time in Seconds
3. Brake Thermal Efficiency
It is the ratio of the heat equivalent to one KW hour to the heat in the fuel per B.P
hour. It is also known as overall thermal efficiency of the engine.
Brake thermal efficiency,

=
Brake power
Energy supplied
*100%
Energy Supplied = m
f
*C
m
f
= Mass of fuel consumed in Kg/Sec.
C = Calorific value of fuel in KJ/Kg

3.3 Experimental Procedure
The performance test on the engine was carried out as follows:-
At first, it was checked that the fuel tank was filled by fuel and the fuel line were free
from air.
Then the engine was started.
36

By keeping the load constant speed was varied and data were taken when only 1
st

Spark Plug is turned ON and when both Spark Plugs are turned ON.
For every 10 cc of fuel consumption the time was taken and noted that for a particular
rpm.
The rpm was taken from the crank shaft by the tachometer.
Similarly five data was taken by the previous procedure.










Figure 3.5: Two Stroke Gasoline Engine Test Rig

3.4 Experimental Data
For 1 Kg Load and only one spark plug is turned on
Table 3.1: Experimental data table for 1 Kg Load and 1
st
Spark Plug is ON
S.No.

Speed in rpm Time/10cc fuel consumption
(Sec.)
01

2030 110
02

2223 101
03

2310 98
04

2435 91
05 2555 85
37

Table 3.2: Calculation table for load 1 Kg and 1
st
Spark Plug is ON

For 1 Kg Load and Both Spark Plugs are Turned ON
Table 3.3: Experimental data table for 1 Kg Load and both Spark Plugs are ON


Load
(kg)
S.No. Speed
(rpm)
Time for
10cc fuel
Con.(sec)
Mass of
fuel
consumed
in
Kg per sec
mf*10
-5
Brake
power
(KW)
Brake
thermal
efficiency
(%)


1
01 2030 110 6.73 0.271 8.364
02 2223 101 7.327 0.2969 8.43
03 2310 98 7.55 0.3085 8.49
04 2435 91 8.132 0.3252 8.31
05 2555 85 8.605 0.3412 8.24
S.No.

Speed in rpm Time/10cc fuel
consumption
(Sec.)
01

2038 112
02

2235 104
03

2315 101
04

2431 93
05 2550 88
38

Table 3.4: Calculation table for load 1 Kg and both Spark Plugs are ON

For 1.5 Kg Load and only one Spark Plug is Turned ON
Table 3.5: Experimental data table for 1.5 Kg Load and 1
st
Spark Plug is ON

Load
(kg)
S.No. Speed
(rpm)
Time for
10cc fuel
Con.(sec)
Mass of fuel
consumed
in
Kg per sec
mf*10
-5
Brake
power
(KW)
Brake
thermal
efficiency
(%)


1
01 2038 112 6.60 0.272 8.56
02 2235 104 7.11 0.298 8.71
03 2315 101 7.32 0.309 8.77
04 2431 93 7.95 0.324 8.47
05 2550 88 8.40 0.340 8.41
S.No.

Speed in rpm Time/10cc fuel consumption
(Sec.)
01

1954 97
02

2103 92
03

2265 90
04

2351 84
05 2447 79
39

Table 3.6: Calculation table for load 1.5 Kg and 1
st
Spark Plug is ON

For 1.5 Kg Load and Both Spark Plugs are Turned ON
Table 3.7: Experimental data table for 1.5 Kg Load and both Spark Plugs are ON

Load
(kg)
S.No. Speed
(rpm)
Time for
10cc fuel
Con.(sec)
Mass of fuel
consumed in
Kg per sec
mf*10
-5
Brake
power
(KW)
Brake
thermal
efficiency
(%)


1.5
01 1954 97 7.62 0.3914 10.67
02 2103 92 8.04 0.421 10.90
03 2265 90 8.22 0.453 11.46
04 2351 84 8.80 0.470 11.11
05 2447 79 9.36 0.490 10.88
S.No.

Speed in rpm Time/10cc fuel consumption
(Sec.)
01

1960 100
02

2125 94
03

2293 92
04

2365 88
05 2468 83
40

Table 3.8: Calculation table for load 1.5 Kg and both Spark Plugs are ON

For 2 Kg Load and only one Spark Plug is Turned ON

Table 3.9: Experimental data table for 2 Kg Load and 1
st
Spark Plug is ON


Load
(kg)
S.No. Speed
(rpm)
Time for
10cc fuel
Con.(sec)
Mass of fuel
consumed in
Kg per sec
mf*10
-5
Brake
power
(KW)
Brake
thermal
efficiency
(%)


1.5
01 1960 100 7.40 0.392 11.01
02 2125 94 7.87 0.425 11.22
03 2293 92 8.04 0.459 11.86
04 2365 88 8.40 0.473 11.70
05 2468 83 8.91 0.494 11.52
S.No.

Speed in rpm Time/10cc fuel consumption
(Sec.)
01

1835 77
02

1960 73
03

2042 69
04

2156 67
05 2239 61
41

Table 3.10: Calculation table for load 2 Kg and 1
st
Spark Plug is ON

For 2 Kg Load and Both Spark Plugs are Turned ON
Table 3.11: Experimental data table for 2 Kg Load and both Spark Plugs are ON

Load
(kg)
S.No. Speed
(rpm)
Time for
10cc fuel
Con.(sec)
Mass of fuel
consumed in
Kg per sec
mf*10
-5
Brake
power
(KW)
Brake
thermal
efficiency
(%)


2
01 1835 77 9.61 0.490 10.60
02 1960 73 10.14 0.523 10.72
03 2042 69 10.72 0.545 10.57
04 2156 67 11.04 0.575 10.83
05 2239 61 12.13 0.598 10.24
S.No.

Speed in rpm Time/10cc fuel consumption
(Sec.)
01

1840 79
02

1963 76
03

2049 72
04

2158 70
05 2242 62
42

Table 3.12: Calculation table for load 2 Kg and both Spark Plugs are ON

3.5 Sample Calculation
Density of Gasoline, =740 kg/m
3

Calorific value of Gasoline, C=48100 kj/kg
For 1 Kg Load and Only One Spark Plug is Turned ON
Speed 2310 rpm
Time / 10cc of fuel consumption, t = 98 s
Mass of fuel in kg per second, m
f
=
v
t

=
7401010
6
98

= 7.55 10
5
kg/s
Energy supplied by fuel =

= 7.55 10
5
48100
= 3.63 kw
Brake power, B.P. =
T2N
60
=
19.81.1323.14162310
60

= 0.3085 kw
Brake thermal efficiency,

=
Brake power
Energy supplied
*100%
Load
(kg)
S.No. Speed
(rpm)
Time for
10cc fuel
Con.(sec)
Mass of fuel
consumed
in
Kg per sec
mf*10
-5
Brake
power
(KW)
Brake
thermal
efficiency
(%)


2
01 1840 79 9.36 0.491 10.91
02 1963 76 9.73 0.524 11.19
03 2049 72 10.27 0.547 11.07
04 2158 70 10.57 0.576 11.32
05 2242 62 11.93 0.599 10.43
43

=
0.3085
3.63
*100% = 8.49%
For 1 Kg Load and both Spark Plugs are Turned ON
Speed 2315 rpm
Time / 10cc of fuel consumption, t = 101 s
Mass of fuel in kg per second, m
f
=
v
t

=
7401010
6
101

= 7.32 10
5
kg/s
Energy supplied by fuel =

= 7.32 10
5
48100
= 3.52 kw
Brake power, B.P. =
T2N
60
=
19.81.1323.14162315
60

= 0.309 kw
Brake thermal efficiency,

=
Brake power
Energy supplied
*100%
=
0.309
3.52
*100%
= 8.77%
For 1.5 Kg Load and Only One Spark Plug is Turned ON
Speed 2265 rpm
Time / 10cc of fuel consumption, t = 90 s
Mass of fuel in kg per second, m
f
=
v
t

=
7401010
6
90

= 8.22 10
5
kg/s
Energy supplied by fuel =

= 8.22 10
5
48100
= 3.95 kw
Brake power, B.P. =
T2N
60
=
1.59.81.1323.14162265
60

= 0.453 kw
44

Brake thermal efficiency,

=
Brake power
Energy supplied
*100%
=
0.453
3.95
*100% = 11.46%
For 1.5 Kg Load and both Spark Plugs are Turned ON
Speed 2293 rpm
Time / 10cc of fuel consumption, t = 92 s
Mass of fuel in kg per second, m
f
=
v
t

=
7401010
6
92

= 8.04 10
5
kg/s
Energy supplied by fuel =

= 8.04 10
5
48100
= 3.867 kw
Brake power, B.P. =
T2N
60
=
1.59.81.1323.14162293
60

= 0.459 kw
Brake thermal efficiency,

=
Brake power
Energy supplied
*100%
=
0.459
3.867
*100%
= 11.86%
For 2 Kg Load and Only One Spark Plug is Turned ON
Speed 2156 rpm
Time / 10cc of fuel consumption, t=67 s
Mass of fuel in kg per second, m
f
=
v
t

=
7401010
6
67

= 11.045 10
5
kg/s
Energy supplied by fuel =m
f
c
=11.045 10
5
48100
=5.312 kw
Brake power, B.P. =
T2N
60
=
29.81.1323.14162156
60

45

= 0.5758 kw
Brake thermal efficiency,

=
Brake power
Energy supplied
*100%
=
0.5758
5.312
*100%
= 10.83%
For 2 Kg Load and both Spark Plugs are Turned ON
Speed 2158 rpm
Time / 10cc of fuel consumption, t = 70 s
Mass of fuel in kg per second, m
f
=
v
t

=
7401010
6
70

= 10.57 10
5
kg
s

Energy supplied by fuel =

= 10.57 10
5
48100
= 5.084 kw
Brake power, B.P. =
T2N
60
=
29.81.1323.14162158
60

= 0.576 kw
Brake thermal efficiency,

=
Brake power
Energy supplied
*100% =
0.576
5.084
100%
= 11.32%
3.6 Costing Details
Costing details of the fabrication of project is as follows:
Table 3.13: Costing Details
Sr.
No.
Items Cost ( )
1. Two Stroke Gasoline Engine 5500
2. Spark Plug 300
3. Iron Frames Strips 1200
4. Switching Arrangement 700
5. Lathe Work 1000
6. Pulley with Lathe Machine Work 500
7. Extension of Crank Shaft 450
46


8. Carburetor Arrangement with Speed Wire 800
9. Miscellaneous Arrangements 200
Total 10,650