Ad Agency

Ad Agency
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ABSTRACT
The main aim of this project is to provide advertisement details like
advertisement cost in various channels. Depending upon the budget the various
channels can allot different advertisements. Here the total front end is developed using
Asp.Net and backend is developed using SQ server.
!f an agenc" does not communicate or rela" its client#s goals and
creative $ishes properl" problems can occur. %ost &ull'Service Agencies $ork on a
combination of fee'based and commission based compensation. The fee is paid b" the
entit" for $hich the marketing is being done. Ho$ ever an agenc" ma" have better
negotiating po$ers than "our compan" and save "ou more mone" in the long run
an"$a"s. There are far more advantages to having the right advertising agenc" than
not
An advertising agency or ad agency is a (service business) dedicated to
creating* planning and handling Advertising +and sometimes other forms of promotion
for its clients. An ad agenc" is independent from the client and provides an outside
point of vie$ to the effort of selling the client,s products or services. An agenc" can
also handle overall marketing and branding strategies and Sales -romotion for its
clients.
Modules:
This project involved mainl" &our modules.

Registration
Administrator
Budget
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Budget List

Modules Description:
Registration:
!n this module he/she has to register himself/herself $ith the personal
details and get the ogin id. After getting the login id he/she has to specif" Ad.
0e1uirements of the kind of Ad he/she has to advertise on behalf of his/her compan"
Administrator:
Administrator should be able to block fraudulent users from using the s"stem.
Admin should be able to add more categories and merge categories.
Normal User:
!n this %odule users can enter into different channels of packages
like short time period or long time. The" can enter into ne$ schemes provided b" ad
agenc". Also the" can upload the videos of their compan" for advertising.
Budget:
Ne$ user#s budget is registered here. The" can 2udget on the advertising ad
$ith the ad agenc" in this module.
Budgets List:
According to budget the advertisements are allotted for specific period.
Here time period the agenc" $ill follo$ up their product is specified.
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INDEX
S. No Contents
1. Introduction
2. Analysis
2.1 System Analysis
2.2 System Specification
3. Design Approach
3.1 Introduction to Design
3.2 UML Diagrams
3.3 Dataflow Diagrams
3.4 E-R Diagrams
4. Project Modules
5. Implementation
5.1 Concepts and Technologies
5.2 Testing
5.2.1 Test Cases
6. Output Screens
7. Conclusion
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8. Future Enhancements
9. Bibliography

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INTRODUCTION
6e don#t sell a 7bo8ed# product. 9ach s"stem $e create for our clients is driven b"
their e8act speci:cations and internal processes. Too often* agencies change their
creative ;o$ and processes to :t technolog". 6e believe it should be the other $a"
around.
clients.
!n order to avoid the above problem this project is to provide
advertisement details like advertisement cost in various channels. Depending upon the
budget the various channels can allot different advertisements. Here the total front end
is developed using Asp.Net and backend is developed using S1l server.
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ANALYSIS
System Analysis:
Existing System:
!f an agenc" does not communicate or rela" its client#s goals and creative
$ishes properl" problems can occur. %ost &ull'Service Agencies $ork on a
combination of fee'based and commission based compensation. The fee is paid b" the
entit" for $hich the marketing is being done. Ho$ ever an agenc" ma" have better
negotiating po$ers than "our compan" and save "ou more mone" in the long run
an"$a"s. There are far more advantages to having the right advertising agenc" than
not.
Proposed System
!n order to avoid the above problem this project is to provide
advertisement details like advertisement cost in various channels. Depending upon the
budget the various channels can allot different advertisements. Here the total front end
is developed using Asp.Net and backend is developed using SQ server.
Objective of the System:
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clients.
System Specifications:
Hardware Requirements
-entium'!? +-rocessor@.
.5< %2 or 51. %2 0am
51. A2 Bache %emor"
Hard disk 1C D2
%icrosoft Bompatible 1C1 or more Ae" 2oard
Software Requirements
Web Technologies : ASP.NET 2.0
Language : C
!atabase : S"L SE#$E# 200%
Web Server : &&S
'(erating Syste) : W&N!'WS *P
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Design
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DESIGN
Introduction:
Design is the first step in the development phase for an"
techni1ues and principles for the purpose of defining a device* a process or s"stem in
sufficient detail to permit its ph"sical realiFation.
Gnce the soft$are re1uirements have been anal"Fed and
specified the soft$are design involves three technical activities ' design* coding*
implementation and testing that are re1uired to build and verif" the soft$are.
The design activities are of main importance in this phase*
because in this activit"* decisions ultimatel" affecting the success of the soft$are
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implementation and its ease of maintenance are made. These decisions have the final
bearing upon reliabilit" and maintainabilit" of the s"stem. Design is the onl" $a" to
accuratel" translate the customer#s re1uirements into finished soft$are or a s"stem.
Design is the place $here 1ualit" is fostered in
development. Soft$are design is a process through $hich re1uirements are translated
into a representation of soft$are. Soft$are design is conducted in t$o steps.
-reliminar" design is concerned $ith the transformation of re1uirements into data.
UML Diagrams:
Actor:
A coherent set of roles that users of use cases pla" $hen interacting $ith the use Hcases.
Use case:
A description of se1uence of actions* including variants* that a
s"stem performs that "ields an observable result of value of an actor.

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I% stands for Inified %odeling anguage. I% is a language for specif"ing*
visualiFing and documenting the s"stem. This is the step $hile developing an" product
after anal"sis. The goal from this is to produce a model of the entities involved in the
project $hich later need to be built. The representation of the entities that are to be
used in the product being developed need to be designed.
There are various kinds of methods in soft$are designJ
The" are as follo$sJ
Ise case Diagram
Se1uence Diagram
Bollaboration Diagram
Activit" Diagram
State chat Diagram
Use case Diagrams:
Ise case diagrams model behavior $ithin a s"stem and helps the developers
understand of $hat the user re1uire. The stick man represents $hat#s called an actor.
Ise case diagram can be useful for getting an overall vie$ of the s"stem and
clarif"ing that can do and more importantl" $hat the" can#t do.
Ise case diagram consists of use cases and actors and sho$s the interaction bet$een
the use case and actors.
The purpose is to sho$ the interactions bet$een the use case and actor.
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To represent the s"stem re1uirements from user#s perspective.
An actor could be the end'user of the s"stem or an e8ternal s"stem.
Use case Diagram
A Ise case is a description of set of se1uence of actions. Draphicall" it is rendered as
an ellipse $ith solid line including onl" its name. Ise case diagram is a behavioral
diagram that sho$s a set of use cases and actors and their relationship. !t is an
association bet$een the use cases and actors. An actor represents a real'$orld object.
-rimar" Actor K Sender* Secondar" Actor 0eceiver.
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%aintenan channels
and budget
ogin
Ad Ne$ !nformation
Select Bhanneels
and 2udget
Admin
Iser
Sequence Diagram
Se1uence diagram and collaboration diagram are called !NT90ABT!GN
D!AD0A%S. An interaction diagram sho$s an interaction* consisting of set of objects
and their relationship including the messages that ma" be dispatched among them.
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A se1uence diagram is an introduction that empathiFes the time ordering of messages.
Draphicall" a se1uence diagram is a table that sho$s objects arranged along the L'a8is
and messages ordered in increasing time along the M'a8is.
Admin
Iser
ogin
!nformation
Bhannels
2udget
-ermission
Bhecking
?ie$
!nformation
Add
!nformation
Select 2udget
Bhecking
Select
Bhannel
Add Bhannel
Add 2udget
-ermission
Add Bhannel
Activity Diagram
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0egister
!nformations
Iser
Admin
Bhannels 2udgets
ogout
DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS :

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The D&D takes an input'process'output vie$ of a s"stem i.e. data objects flo$ into the
soft$are* are transformed b" processing elements* and resultant data objects flo$ out
of the soft$are.
Data objects represented b" labeled arro$s and transformation are represented
b" circles also called as bubbles. D&D is presented in a hierarchical fashion i.e. the
first data flo$ model represents the s"stem as a $hole. Subse1uent D&D refine the
conte8t diagram +level C D&D@* providing increasing details $ith each subse1uent
level.
The D&D enables the soft$are engineer to develop models of the information
domain N functional domain at the same time. As the D&D is refined into greater
levels of details* the anal"st performs an implicit functional decomposition of the
s"stem. At the same time* the D&D refinement results in a corresponding refinement of
the data as it moves through the processes that embod" the applications.
A conte8t'level D&D for the s"stem the primar" e8ternal entities produce
information for use b" the s"stem and consume information generated b" the s"stem.
The labeled arro$ represents data objects or object hierarch".
RULES FOR DFD:
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&i8 the scope of the s"stem b" means of conte8t diagrams.
GrganiFe the D&D so that the main se1uence of the actions
0eads left to right and top to bottom.
!dentif" all inputs and outputs.
!dentif" and label each process internal to the s"stem $ith 0ounded circles.
A process is re1uired for all the data transformation and Transfers. Therefore* never
connect a data store to a data Source or the destinations or another data store $ith just a
Data flo$ arro$.
Do not indicate hard$are and ignore control information.
%ake sure the names of the processes accuratel" conve" ever"thing the process is
done.
There must not be unnamed process.
!ndicate e8ternal sources and destinations of the data* $ith S1uares.
Number each occurrence of repeated e8ternal entities.
!dentif" all data flo$s for each process step* e8cept simple 0ecord retrievals.
abel data flo$ on each arro$.
Ise details flo$ on each arro$.
Ise the details flo$ arro$ to indicate data movements.
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E-R Diagrams:
The 9ntit"'0elationship +90@ model $as originall" proposed b" -eter in 1E=<
OBhen=<P as a $a" to unif" the net$ork and relational database vie$s. Simpl" stated
the 90 model is a conceptual data model that vie$s the real $orld as entities and
relationships. A basic component of the model is the 9ntit"'0elationship diagram
$hich is used to visuall" represent data objects. Since Bhen $rote his paper the model
has been e8tended and toda" it is commonl" used for database design &or the database
designer* the utilit" of the 90 model isJ
!t maps $ell to the relational model. The constructs used in the 90 model can easil"
be transformed into relational tables.
!t is simple and eas" to understand $ith a minimum of training. Therefore* the model
can be used b" the database designer to communicate the design to the end user.
!n addition* the model can be used as a design plan b" the database developer to
implement a data model in specific database management soft$are.
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Connectivity and Cardinality
The basic t"pes of connectivit" for relations areJ one'to'one* one'to'man"* and man"'
to'man". A one-to-one +1J1@ relationship is $hen at most one instance of a entit" A is
associated $ith one instance of entit" 2. &or e8ample* Qemplo"ees in the compan" are
each assigned their o$n office. &or each emplo"ee there e8ists a uni1ue office and for
each office there e8ists a uni1ue emplo"ee.
A one-to-many +1JN@ relationships is $hen for one instance of entit" A* there are Fero*
one* or man" instances of entit" 2* but for one instance of entit" 2* there is onl" one
instance of entit" A. An e8ample of a 1JN relationships is
a department has man" emplo"ees
9ach emplo"ee is assigned to one department
A many-to-many +%JN@ relationship* sometimes called non'specific* is $hen for one
instance of entit" A* there are Fero* one* or man" instances of entit" 2 and for one
instance of entit" 2 there are Fero* one* or man" instances of entit" A. The
connectivit" of a relationship describes the mapping of associated
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ER Notation
There is no standard for representing data objects in 90 diagrams. 9ach
modeling methodolog" uses its o$n notation. The original notation used b" Bhen is
$idel" used in academics te8ts and journals but rarel" seen in either BAS9 tools or
publications b" non'academics. Toda"* there are a number of notations usedR among
the more common are 2achman* cro$,s foot* and !D9&!L.
All notational st"les represent entities as rectangular bo8es and relationships as
lines connecting bo8es. 9ach st"le uses a special set of s"mbols to represent the
cardinalit" of a connection. The notation used in this document is from %artin. The
s"mbols used for the basic 90 constructs areJ
Entities are represented b" labeled rectangles. The label is the name of the entit". 9ntit"
names should be singular nouns.
#elationshi(s are represented b" a solid line connecting t$o entities. The name of the
relationship is $ritten above the line. 0elationship names should be verbs
Attributes* $hen included* are listed inside the entit" rectangle. Attributes $hich are
identifiers are underlined. Attribute names should be singular nouns.
Cardinality of man" is represented b" a line ending in a cro$,s foot. !f the cro$,s foot is
omitted* the cardinalit" is one.
E+istence is represented b" placing a circle or a perpendicular bar on the line. %andator"
e8istence is sho$n b" the bar +looks like a 1@ ne8t to the entit" for an instance is re1uired.
Gptional e8istence is sho$n b" placing a circle ne8t to the entit" that is optional
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PROJECT MODULES
Administrator
Registration
Budget
Budget List
MODULE DESCRIPTION
Name of the module 1: Ad)inistrator
Description:
Administrator should be able to block fraudulent users from using the s"stem.
Admin should be able to add more channels and timing#s.
Sub modules:
Login page
Change password
Isers N Ads
Bhannel Timings
Iser Details
?ie$ ?ideos
Registration Page:
!n this sub module $e add the details of the user like user name* contact
no* email id* pass$ord and report b" taking the primar" constraint user id. And it also
adds these details in database.
Login Page:
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!n this sub module the user gives his login and pass$ord to enter. !f he is
valid he enters into resume $iFard. !f he is not valid he it $ants valid.
Forgot Password:
!f the user forgot his pass$ord* he enter into forget pass$ord page there b"
giving details he get his pass$ord.
Change Password:
!f the user $ants to change his pass$ord he can change his pass$ord b"
giving some details
Users & Ads
Admin has the rights to see users and their ad#s and has a right to accept or
reject it.
Channel Timings
He see the timing that user had re1uested to sho$ his ad according to the
channel.
User Details
He can check the user details if he $ant.
View Videos
He can do$nload and vie$ the video#s that user added to sho$ in channel
Name of the module -2: User
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Description:
6hen the user login t"pe#s of ads appear he can choose this t"pe. Then he
gets ne$ ad information form. He fills that form and chooses the budget and timing#s
Sub modules:
Slides
Animation
Videos
Name of the module -3: ,-!.ET

Description:
Ne$ user#s budget is registered here. The" can 2udget on the advertising ad
$ith the ad agenc" in this module.
Name of the module -4: ,udget List
Description:
According to budget the advertisements are allotted for specific period.Here
time period the agenc" $ill follo$ up their product is specified
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Overview of Technologies Used
3.1 Front End Technology
Microsoft .NET Framework
The .N9T &rame$ork is a ne$ computing platform that simplifies application
development in the highl" distributed environment of the !nternet. The .N9T
&rame$ork is designed to fulfill the follo$ing objectivesJ
To provide a consistent object'oriented programming environment $hether object
code is stored and e8ecuted locall"* e8ecuted locall" but !nternet'distributed* or
e8ecuted remotel".
To provide a code'e8ecution environment that minimiFes soft$are deplo"ment and
versioning conflicts.
To provide a code'e8ecution environment that guarantees safe e8ecution of code*
including code created b" an unkno$n or semi'trusted third part".
To provide a code'e8ecution environment that eliminates the performance problems
of scripted or interpreted environments.
To make the developer e8perience consistent across $idel" var"ing t"pes of
applications* such as 6indo$s'based applications and 6eb'based applications.
To build all communication on industr" standards to ensure that code based on the
.N9T &rame$ork can integrate $ith an" other code.
The .N9T &rame$ork has t$o main componentsJ the common language runtime and
the .N9T &rame$ork class librar". The common language runtime is the foundation of
the .N9T &rame$ork. Mou can think of the runtime as an agent that manages code at
e8ecution time* providing core services such as memor" management* thread
management* and remoting* $hile also enforcing strict t"pe safet" and other forms of
code accurac" that ensure securit" and robustness. !n fact* the concept of code
management is a fundamental principle of the runtime. Bode that targets the runtime is
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kno$n as managed code* $hile code that does not target the runtime is kno$n as
unmanaged code.
The class librar"* the other main component of the .N9T &rame$ork* is a
comprehensive* object'oriented collection of reusable t"pes that "ou can use to
develop applications ranging from traditional command'line or graphical user interface
+DI!@ applications to applications based on the latest innovations provided b"
AS-.N9T* such as 6eb &orms and L% 6eb services.
The .N9T &rame$ork can be hosted b" unmanaged components that load the common
language runtime into their processes and initiate the e8ecution of managed code*
thereb" creating a soft$are environment that can e8ploit both managed and
unmanaged features. The .N9T &rame$ork not onl" provides several runtime hosts*
but also supports the development of third'part" runtime hosts.
&or e8ample* AS-.N9T hosts the runtime to provide a scalable* server'side
environment for managed code. AS-.N9T $orks directl" $ith the runtime to enable
6eb &orms applications and L% 6eb services* both of $hich are discussed later in
this topic.
!nternet 98plorer is an e8ample of an unmanaged application that hosts the runtime +in
the form of a %!%9 t"pe e8tension@. Ising !nternet 98plorer to host the runtime
enables "ou to embed managed components or 6indo$s &orms controls in HT%
documents. Hosting the runtime in this $a" makes managed mobile code +similar to
%icrosoftS ActiveLS controls@ possible* but $ith significant improvements that onl"
managed code can offer* such as semi'trusted e8ecution and secure isolated file
storage.
The follo$ing illustration sho$s the relationship of the common language runtime and
the class librar" to "our applications and to the overall s"stem. The illustration also
sho$s ho$ managed code operates $ithin a larger architecture.
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Features of the Common Language Runtime
The common language runtime manages memor"* thread e8ecution* code e8ecution*
code safet" verification* compilation* and other s"stem services. These features are
intrinsic to the managed code that runs on the common language runtime.
6ith regards to securit"* managed components are a$arded var"ing degrees of trust*
depending on a number of factors that include their origin +such as the !nternet*
enterprise net$ork* or local computer@. This means that a managed component might
or might not be able to perform file'access operations* registr"'access operations* or
other sensitive functions* even if it is being used in the same active application.
The runtime enforces code access securit". &or e8ample* users can trust that an
e8ecutable embedded in a 6eb page can pla" an animation on screen or sing a song*
but cannot access their personal data* file s"stem* or net$ork. The securit" features of
the runtime thus enable legitimate !nternet'deplo"ed soft$are to be e8ceptionall"
featuring rich.
The runtime also enforces code robustness b" implementing a strict t"pe' and code'
verification infrastructure called the common t"pe s"stem +BTS@. The BTS ensures
that all managed code is self'describing. The various %icrosoft and third'part"
language compilers generate managed code that conforms to the BTS. This means that
managed code can consume other managed t"pes and instances* $hile strictl"
enforcing t"pe fidelit" and t"pe safet".
!n addition* the managed environment of the runtime eliminates man" common
soft$are issues. &or e8ample* the runtime automaticall" handles object la"out and
manages references to objects* releasing them $hen the" are no longer being used.
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This automatic memor" management resolves the t$o most common application
errors* memor" leaks and invalid memor" references.
The runtime also accelerates developer productivit". &or e8ample* programmers can
$rite applications in their development language of choice* "et take full advantage of
the runtime* the class librar"* and components $ritten in other languages b" other
developers. An" compiler vendor $ho chooses to target the runtime can do so.
anguage compilers that target the .N9T &rame$ork make the features of the .N9T
&rame$ork available to e8isting code $ritten in that language* greatl" easing the
migration process for e8isting applications.
6hile the runtime is designed for the soft$are of the future* it also supports soft$are
of toda" and "esterda". !nteroperabilit" bet$een managed and unmanaged code
enables developers to continue to use necessar" BG% components and Ds.
The runtime is designed to enhance performance. Although the common language
runtime provides man" standard runtime services* managed code is never interpreted.
A feature called just'in'time +T!T@ compiling enables all managed code to run in the
native machine language of the s"stem on $hich it is e8ecuting. %ean$hile* the
memor" manager removes the possibilities of fragmented memor" and increases
memor" localit"'of'reference to further increase performance.
&inall"* the runtime can be hosted b" high'performance* server'side applications* such
as %icrosoftS SQ ServerU and !nternet !nformation Services +!!S@. This
infrastructure enables "ou to use managed code to $rite "our business logic* $hile still
enjo"ing the superior performance of the industr",s best enterprise servers that support
runtime hosting.
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.NET Framework Class Library
The .N9T &rame$ork class librar" is a collection of reusable t"pes that tightl"
integrate $ith the common language runtime. The class librar" is object oriented*
providing t"pes from $hich "our o$n managed code can derive functionalit". This not
onl" makes the .N9T &rame$ork t"pes eas" to use* but also reduces the time
associated $ith learning ne$ features of the .N9T &rame$ork. !n addition* third'part"
components can integrate seamlessl" $ith classes in the .N9T &rame$ork.
&or e8ample* the .N9T &rame$ork collection classes implement a set of interfaces that
"ou can use to develop "our o$n collection classes. Mour collection classes $ill blend
seamlessl" $ith the classes in the .N9T &rame$ork.
As "ou $ould e8pect from an object'oriented class librar"* the .N9T &rame$ork t"pes
enable "ou to accomplish a range of common programming tasks* including tasks such
as string management* data collection* database connectivit"* and file access. !n
addition to these common tasks* the class librar" includes t"pes that support a variet"
of specialiFed development scenarios. &or e8ample* "ou can use the .N9T &rame$ork
to develop the follo$ing t"pes of applications and servicesJ
Bonsole applications.
Scripted or hosted applications.
6indo$s DI! applications +6indo$s &orms@.
AS-.N9T applications.
L% 6eb services.
6indo$s services.
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&or e8ample* the 6indo$s &orms classes are a comprehensive set of reusable t"pes
that vastl" simplif" 6indo$s DI! development. !f "ou $rite an AS-.N9T 6eb &orm
application* "ou can use the 6eb &orms classes.
Client Application Development
Blient applications are the closest to a traditional st"le of application in 6indo$s'
based programming. These are the t"pes of applications that displa" $indo$s or forms
on the desktop* enabling a user to perform a task. Blient applications include
applications such as
6ord processors and spreadsheets* as $ell as custom business applications such as
data'entr" tools* reporting tools* and so on. Blient applications usuall" emplo"
$indo$s* menus* buttons* and other DI! elements* and the" likel" access local
resources such as the file s"stem and peripherals such as printers.
Another kind of client application is the traditional ActiveL control +no$ replaced b"
the managed 6indo$s &orms control@ deplo"ed over the !nternet as a 6eb page. This
application is much like other client applicationsJ it is e8ecuted nativel"* has access to
local resources* and includes graphical elements.
!n the past* developers created such applications using B/BVV in conjunction $ith the
%icrosoft &oundation Blasses +%&B@ or $ith a rapid application development +0AD@
environment such as %icrosoftS ?isual 2asicS. The .N9T &rame$ork incorporates
aspects of these e8isting products into a single* consistent development environment
that drasticall" simplifies the development of client applications. The 6indo$s &orms
classes contained in the .N9T &rame$ork are designed to be used for DI!
development. Mou can easil" create command $indo$s* buttons* menus* toolbars* and
other screen elements $ith the fle8ibilit" necessar" to accommodate shifting business
needs.
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&or e8ample* the .N9T &rame$ork provides simple properties to adjust visual
attributes associated $ith forms. !n some cases the underl"ing operating s"stem does
not support changing these attributes directl"* and in these cases the .N9T &rame$ork
automaticall" recreates the forms.
This is one of man" $a"s in $hich the .N9T &rame$ork integrates the developer
interface* making coding simpler and more consistent.
Inlike ActiveL controls* 6indo$s &orms controls have semi'trusted access to a user,s
computer. This means that binar" or nativel" e8ecuting code can access some of the
resources on the user,s s"stem +such as DI! elements and limited file access@ $ithout
being able to access or compromise other resources. 2ecause of code access securit"*
man" applications that once needed to be installed on a user,s s"stem can no$ be
safel" deplo"ed through the 6eb. Mour applications can implement the features of a
local application $hile being deplo"ed like a 6eb page.
Server Application Development
Server'side applications in the managed $orld are implemented through runtime hosts.
Inmanaged applications host the common language runtime* $hich allo$s "our
custom managed code to control the behavior of the server. This model provides "ou
$ith all the features of the common language runtime and class librar" $hile gaining
the performance and scalabilit" of the host server.
The follo$ing illustration sho$s a basic net$ork schema $ith managed code running
in different server environments. Servers such as !!S and SQ Server can perform
standard operations $hile "our application logic e8ecutes through the managed code.
Server-side managed code
AS-.N9T is the hosting environment that enables developers to use the .N9T
&rame$ork to target 6eb'based applications. Ho$ever* AS-.N9T is more than just a
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runtime hostR it is a complete architecture for developing 6eb sites and !nternet'
distributed objects using managed code. 2oth 6eb &orms and L% 6eb services use
!!S and AS-.N9T as the publishing mechanism for applications* and both have a
collection of supporting classes in the .N9T &rame$ork.
L% 6eb services* an important evolution in 6eb'based technolog"* are distributed*
server'side application components similar to common 6eb sites. Ho$ever* unlike
6eb'based applications* L% 6eb services components have no I! and are not
targeted for bro$sers such as !nternet 98plorer and Netscape Navigator. !nstead* L%
6eb services consist of reusable soft$are components designed to be consumed b"
other applications* such as traditional client applications* 6eb'based applications* or
even other L% 6eb services. As a result* L% 6eb services technolog" is rapidl"
moving application development and deplo"ment into the highl" distributed
environment of the !nternet.
!f "ou have used earlier versions of AS- technolog"* "ou $ill immediatel" notice the
improvements that AS-.N9T and 6eb &orms offers. &or e8ample* "ou can develop
6eb &orms pages in an" language that supports the .N9T &rame$ork. !n addition*
"our code no longer needs to share the same file $ith "our HTT- te8t +although it can
continue to do so if "ou prefer@. 6eb &orms pages e8ecute in native machine language
because* like an" other managed application* the" take full advantage of the runtime.
!n contrast* unmanaged AS- pages are al$a"s scripted and interpreted. AS-.N9T
pages are faster* more functional* and easier to develop than unmanaged AS- pages
because the" interact $ith the runtime like an" managed application.
The .N9T &rame$ork also provides a collection of classes and tools to aid in
development and consumption of L% 6eb services applications. L% 6eb services
are built on standards such as SGA- +a remote procedure'call protocol@* L% +an
e8tensible data format@* and 6SD +the 6eb Services Description anguage@. The
.N9T &rame$ork is built on these standards to promote interoperabilit" $ith non'
%icrosoft solutions.
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&or e8ample* the 6eb Services Description anguage tool included $ith the .N9T
&rame$ork SDA can 1uer" an L% 6eb service published on the 6eb* parse its
6SD description* and produce BW or ?isual 2asic source code that "our application
can use to become a client of the L% 6eb service.
The source code can create classes derived from classes in the class librar" that handle
all the underl"ing communication using SGA- and L% parsing. Although "ou can
use the class librar" to consume L% 6eb services directl"* the 6eb Services
Description anguage tool and the other tools contained in the SDA facilitate "our
development efforts $ith the .N9T &rame$ork.
!f "ou develop and publish "our o$n L% 6eb service* the .N9T &rame$ork
provides a set of classes that conform to all the underl"ing communication standards*
such as SGA-* 6SD* and L%. Ising those classes enables "ou to focus on the
logic of "our service* $ithout concerning "ourself $ith the communications
infrastructure re1uired b" distributed soft$are development.
&inall"* like 6eb &orms pages in the managed environment* "our L% 6eb service
$ill run $ith the speed of native machine language using the scalable communication
of !!S.
Active Server Pages.NET
AS-.N9T is a programming frame$ork built on the common language runtime that
can be used on a server to build po$erful 6eb applications. AS-.N9T offers several
important advantages over previous 6eb development modelsJ
Enhanced Performance: AS-.N9T is compiled common language runtime code
running on the server. Inlike its interpreted predecessors* AS-.N9T can take
advantage of earl" binding* just'in'time compilation* native optimiFation* and
caching services right out of the bo8. This amounts to dramaticall" better
performance before "ou ever $rite a line of code.
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World-Class Tool Support. The AS-.N9T frame$ork is complemented b" a rich
toolbo8 and designer in the ?isual Studio integrated development environment.
6MS!6MD editing* drag'and'drop server controls* and automatic deplo"ment are
just a fe$ of the features this po$erful tool provides.
Power and Flexibility: 2ecause AS-.N9T is based on the common language
runtime* the po$er and fle8ibilit" of that entire platform is available to 6eb
application developers. The .N9T &rame$ork class librar"* %essaging* and Data
Access solutions are all seamlessl" accessible from the 6eb. AS-.N9T is also
language'independent* so "ou can choose the language that best applies to "our
application or partition "our application across man" languages. &urther* common
language runtime interoperabilit" guarantees that "our e8isting investment in BG%'
based development is preserved $hen migrating to AS-.N9T.
Simplicity. AS-.N9T makes it eas" to perform common tasks* from simple form
submission and client authentication to deplo"ment and site configuration. &or
e8ample* the AS-.N9T page frame$ork allo$s "ou to build user interfaces that
cleanl" separate application logic from presentation code and to handle events in a
simple* ?isual 2asic ' like forms processing model. Additionall"* the common
language runtime simplifies development* $ith managed code services such as
automatic reference counting and garbage collection.
Manageability. AS-.N9T emplo"s a te8t'based* hierarchical configuration s"stem*
$hich simplifies appl"ing settings to "our server environment and 6eb applications.
2ecause configuration information is stored as plain te8t* ne$ settings ma" be
applied $ithout the aid of local administration tools. This QFero local administrationQ
philosoph" e8tends to deplo"ing AS-.N9T &rame$ork applications as $ell. An
AS-.N9T &rame$ork application is deplo"ed to a server simpl" b" cop"ing the
necessar" files to the server. No server restart is re1uired* even to deplo" or replace
running compiled code.
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Scalability and Availability. AS-.N9T has been designed $ith scalabilit" in mind*
$ith features specificall" tailored to improve performance in clustered and
multiprocessor environments. &urther* processes are closel" monitored and managed
b" the AS-.N9T runtime* so that if one misbehaves +leaks* deadlocks@* a ne$ process
can be created in its place* $hich helps keep "our application constantl" available to
handle re1uests.
Customizability and Extensibility. AS-.N9T delivers a $ell'factored architecture

that allo$s developers to Qplug'inQ their code at the appropriate level. !n fact* it is
possible to e8tend or replace an" subcomponent of the AS-.N9T runtime $ith "our
o$n custom'$ritten component. !mplementing custom authentication or state
services has never been easier.
Security. 6ith built in 6indo$s authentication and per'application configuration*
"ou can be assured that "our applications are secure.
Language Support
The %icrosoft .N9T -latform currentl" offers built'in support for three languagesJ BW*
?isual 2asic* and TScript.
What is ASP.NET Web Forms?
The AS-.N9T 6eb &orms page frame$ork is a scalable common language
runtime programming model that can be used on the server to d"namicall" generate
6eb pages.
!ntended as a logical evolution of AS- +AS-.N9T provides s"nta8
compatibilit" $ith e8isting pages@* the AS-.N9T 6eb &orms frame$ork has been
specificall" designed to address a number of ke" deficiencies in the previous model.
!n particular* it providesJ
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The abilit" to create and use reusable I! controls that can encapsulate common
functionalit" and thus reduce the amount of code that a page developer has to $rite.
The abilit" for developers to cleanl" structure their page logic in an orderl" fashion
+not Qspaghetti codeQ@.
The abilit" for development tools to provide strong 6MS!6MD design support for
pages +e8isting AS- code is opa1ue to tools@.
HAS-.N9T 6eb &orms pages are te8t files $ith an .asp8 file name e8tension. The" can
be deplo"ed throughout an !!S virtual root director" tree. 6hen a bro$ser client
re1uests .asp8 resources* the AS-.N9T runtime parses and compiles the target file into
a .N9T &rame$ork class. This class can then be used to d"namicall" process incoming
re1uests. +Note that the .asp8 file is compiled onl" the first time it is accessedR the
compiled t"pe instance is then reused across multiple re1uests@.
An AS-.N9T page can be created simpl" b" taking an e8isting HT% file and
changing its file name e8tension to .asp8 +no modification of code is re1uired@. &or
e8ample* the follo$ing sample demonstrates a simple HT% page that collects a user,s
name and categor" preference and then performs a form post back to the originating
page $hen a button is clickedJ
AS-.N9T provides s"nta8 compatibilit" $ith e8isting AS- pages. This includes
support for XY YZ code render blocks that can be intermi8ed $ith HT% content
$ithin an .asp8 file. These code blocks e8ecute in a top'do$n manner at page render
time.
Code/,ehind Web 0or)s
AS-.N9T supports t$o methods of authoring d"namic pages. The first is the method
sho$n in the preceding samples* $here the page code is ph"sicall" declared $ithin the
originating .asp8 file. An alternative approach''kno$n as the code'behind method''enables the
page code to be more cleanl" separated from the HT% content into an entirel" separate file.
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Introduction to ASP.NET Server Controls
!n addition to +or instead of@ using XY YZ code blocks to program d"namic content*
AS-.N9T page developers can use AS-.N9T server controls to program 6eb pages.
Server controls are declared $ithin an .asp8 file using custom tags or intrinsic HT%
tags that contain a runat12server2 attributes value. !ntrinsic HT% tags are handled
b" one of the controls in the Syste).Web.-&.3t)lControls namespace.
An" tag that doesn,t e8plicitl" map to one of the controls is assigned the t"pe of
Syste).Web.-&.3t)lControls.3t)l.enericControl. Server controls automaticall"
maintain an" client'entered values bet$een round trips to the server. This control state
is not stored on the server +it is instead stored $ithin an 4in(ut ty(e12hidden25 form
field that is round'tripped bet$een re1uests@. Note also that no client'side script is
re1uired.
!n addition to supporting standard HT% input controls* AS-.N9T enables developers
to utiliFe richer custom controls on their pages. &or e8ample* the follo$ing sample
demonstrates ho$ the 4as(:adrotator5 control can be used to d"namicall" displa"
rotating ads on a page.
AS-.N9T 6eb &orms provide an eas" and po$erful $a" to build d"namic 6eb I!.
AS-.N9T 6eb &orms pages can target an" bro$ser client +there are no script librar"
or cookie re1uirements@.
AS-.N9T 6eb &orms pages provide s"nta8 compatibilit" $ith e8isting AS- pages.
AS-.N9T server controls provide an eas" $a" to encapsulate common functionalit".
AS-.N9T ships $ith 45 built'in server controls. Developers can also use controls
built b" third parties.
AS-.N9T server controls can automaticall" project both up level and do$n level
HT%.
AS-.N9T templates provide an eas" $a" to customiFe the look and feel of list server
controls.
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AS-.N9T validation controls provide an eas" $a" to do declarative client or server
data validation.
Crystal Reports
Br"stal 0eports for ?isual 2asic .N9T is the standard reporting tool for ?isual
2asic.N9TR it brings the abilit" to create interactive* presentation'1ualit" content [
$hich has been the strength of Br"stal 0eports for "ears [ to the .N9T platform.
6ith Br"stal 0eports for ?isual 2asic.N9T* "ou can host reports on 6eb and
6indo$s platforms and publish Br"stal reports as 0eport 6eb Services on a 6eb
server.
To present data to users* "ou could $rite code to loop through record sets and print
them inside "our 6indo$s or 6eb application. Ho$ever* an" $ork be"ond basic
formatting can be complicatedJ consolidations* multiple level totals* charting* and
conditional formatting are difficult to program.
6ith Br"stal 0eports for ?isual Studio .N9T* "ou can 1uickl" create comple8 and
professional'looking reports. !nstead of coding* "ou use the Br"stal 0eport Designer
interface to create and format the report "ou need. The po$erful 0eport 9ngine
processes the formatting* grouping* and charting criteria "ou specif".
Report Experts
Ising the Br"stal 0eport 98perts* "ou can 1uickl" create reports based on "our
development needsJ
Bhoose from report la"out options ranging from standard reports to form letters* or
build "our o$n report from scratch.
Displa" charts that users can drill do$n on to vie$ detailed report data.
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Balculate summaries* subtotals* and percentages on grouped data.
Sho$ TopN or 2ottomN results of data.
Bonditionall" format te8t and rotate te8t objects.
BACK END TECHNOLOGY:
About Microsoft SQL Server 2000
%icrosoft SQ Server is a Structured Quer" anguage +SQ@ based* client/server
relational database. 9ach of these terms describes a fundamental part of the
architecture of SQ Server.
Database
A database is similar to a data file in that it is a storage place for data. ike a data file*
a database does not present information directl" to a userR the user runs an application
that accesses data from the database and presents it to the user in an understandable
format.
A database t"picall" has t$o componentsJ the files holding the ph"sical database and
the database management s"stem +D2%S@ soft$are that applications use to access
data. The D2%S is responsible for enforcing the database structure* includingJ
%aintaining the relationships bet$een data in the database.
9nsuring that data is stored correctl" and that the rules defining data relationships are
not violated.
0ecovering all data to a point of kno$n consistenc" in case of s"stem failures.
Relational Database
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There are different $a"s to organiFe data in a database but relational databases are one
of the most effective. 0elational database s"stems are an application of mathematical
set theor" to the problem of effectivel" organiFing data. !n a relational database* data is
collected into tables +called relations in relational theor"@.
6hen organiFing data into tables* "ou can usuall" find man" different $a"s to define
tables. 0elational database theor" defines a process* normaliFation* $hich ensures that
the set of tables "ou define $ill organiFe "our data effectivel".
Client/Server:-
!n a client/server s"stem* the server is a relativel" large computer in a central location
that manages a resource used b" man" people. 6hen individuals need to use the
resource* the" connect over the net$ork from their computers* or clients* to the server.
98amples of servers areJ !n client/server database architecture* the database files and
D2%S soft$are reside on a server. A communications component is provided so
applications can run on separate clients and communicate to the database server over a
net$ork. The SQ Server communication component also allo$s communication
bet$een an application running on the server and SQ Server.
Server applications are usuall" capable of $orking $ith several clients at the same
time. SQ Server can $ork $ith thousands of client applications simultaneousl". The
server has features to prevent the logical problems that occur if a user tries to read or
modif" data currentl" being used b" others.
6hile SQ Server is designed to $ork as a server in a client/server net$ork* it is also
capable of $orking as a stand'alone database directl" on the client. The scalabilit" and
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ease'of'use features of SQ Server allo$ it to $ork efficientl" on a client $ithout
consuming too man" resources.
Structured Query Language (SQL)
To $ork $ith data in a database* "ou must use a set of commands and statements
+language@ defined b" the D2%S soft$are. There are several different languages that
can be used $ith relational databasesR the most common is SQ. 2oth the American
National Standards !nstitute +ANS!@ and the !nternational Standards GrganiFation
+!SG@ have defined standards for SQ. %ost modern D2%S products support the
9ntr" evel of SQ'E.* the latest SQ standard +published in 1EE.@.
SQL Server Features
%icrosoft SQ Server supports a set of features that result in the follo$ing benefitsJ
Ease of installation, deployment, and use
SQ Server includes a set of administrative and development tools that improve "our
abilit" to install* deplo"* manage* and use SQ Server across several sites.
Scalability
The same database engine can be used across platforms ranging from laptop computers
running %icrosoft 6indo$sS E5/E> to large* multiprocessor servers running
%icrosoft 6indo$s NTS* 9nterprise 9dition.
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Data warehousing
SQ Server includes tools for e8tracting and anal"Fing summar" data for online
anal"tical processing +GA-@. SQ Server also includes tools for visuall" designing
databases and anal"Fing data using 9nglish'based 1uestions.
System integration with other server software
SQ Server integrates $ith e'mail* the !nternet* and 6indo$s.
Databases
A database in %icrosoft SQ Server consists of a collection of tables that contain data*
and other objects* such as vie$s* inde8es* stored procedures* and triggers* defined to
support activities performed $ith the data. The data stored in a database is usuall"
related to a particular subject or process* such as inventor" information for a
manufacturing $arehouse.
SQ Server can support man" databases* and each database can store either
interrelated data or data unrelated to that in the other databases. &or e8ample* a server
can have one database that stores personnel data and another that stores product'related
data. Alternativel"* one database can store current customer order data* and anotherR
related database can store historical customer orders that are used for "earl" reporting.
2efore "ou create a database* it is !mportant to understand the parts of a database and
ho$ to design these parts to ensure that the database performs $ell after it is
implemented.
Normalization theory:
0elations are to be normaliFed to avoid anomalies. !n insert* update and delete
operations. NormaliFation theor" is built around the concept of normal forms. A
relation is said to be in a particular form if it satisfies a certain specified set if
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constraints. To decide a suitable logical structure for given database design the concept
of normaliFation* $hich are briefl" described belo$.
1. 1 st Normal &orm +1 N.&@J A relation is said to be in 1 N& is and onl" if all
unaligned domains contain values onl". That is the fields of an n'set should
have no group items and no repeating groups.
.. . nd Normal &orm +. N.&@ J A relation is said to be in . N& is and onl" if it
is in 1 N& and ever" non ke" attribute is full" dependent on primar" ke". This
normal takes care of functional dependencies on non'ke" attributes.
3. 3 rd Normal &orm +3 N.&@ J A relation is said to be in 3 N& is and onl" if it is
in . N& and ever" non ke" attribute is non transitivel" dependent on the
primar" ke". This normal form avoids the transitive dependencies on the
primar" ke".
4. 2o"ce code Normal &orm +2BN&@ J This is a stronger definition than that of
N&. A relation is said to be in 2BN& if and onl" if ever" determinant is a
Bandidate ke".
5. 4 th Normal &orm +4 N&@ J A relation is said to be in 4 N& if and onl" if
$henever there e8ists a multi valued dependenc" in a relation sa" A'Z'Z2
then all of the relation are also functionall" dependent on A+i.e. A'ZL for all
attributes 8 of the relation.@.
<. 5 th Normal &orm +5 N&@ G0 -rojection Toin Normal &orm +-TN&@J A
relation 0 is in 5 N& .if and onl" if ever" join dependenc" in 0 is implied b"
the candidate ke" on 0. A relation can#t be non'loss split into t$o tables but
can be split into three tables. This is called Toin Dependenc".
Middleware Technology
Activex Data Objects.Net Overview
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ADG.N9T is an evolution of the ADG data access model that directl"
addresses user re1uirements for developing scalable applications. !t $as designed
specificall" for the $eb $ith scalabilit"* statelessness* and L% in mind.
ADG.N9T uses some ADG objects* such as the Bonnection and Bommand objects*
and also introduces ne$ objects. Ae" ne$ ADG.N9T objects include the Dataset* Data
0eader* and Data Adapter.
The important distinction bet$een this evolved stage of ADG.N9T
and previous data architectures is that there e8ists an object '' the Dataset '' that is
separate and distinct from an" data stores. 2ecause of that* the Dataset functions as a
standalone entit".
Mou can think of the Dataset as an al$a"s disconnected record set that kno$s nothing
about the source or destination of the data it contains. !nside a Dataset* much like in a
database* there are tables* columns* relationships* constraints* vie$s* and so forth.
A Data Adapter is the object that connects to the database to fill the Dataset. Then* it
connects back to the database to update the data there* based on operations performed
$hile the Dataset held the data. !n the past* data processing has been primaril"
connection'based. No$* in an effort to make multi'tiered apps more efficient* data
processing is turning to a message'based approach that revolves around chunks of
information. At the center of this approach is the Data Adapter* $hich provides a
bridge to retrieve and save data bet$een a Dataset and its source data store. !t
accomplishes this b" means of re1uests to the appropriate SQ commands made
against the data store.
The L%'based Dataset object provides a consistent programming model that $orks
$ith all models of data storageJ flat* relational* and hierarchical. !t does this b" having
no ,kno$ledge, of the source of its data* and b" representing the data that it holds as
collections and data t"pes. No matter $hat the source of the data $ithin the Dataset is*
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it is manipulated through the same set of standard A-!s e8posed through the Dataset
and its subordinate objects.
6hile the Dataset has no kno$ledge of the source of its data* the managed provider
has detailed and specific information. The role of the managed provider is to connect*
fill* and persist the Dataset to and from data stores. The G9 D2 and SQ Server
.N9T Data -roviders +S"stem.Data.GleDb and S"stem.Data.S1lBlient@ that are part of
the .Net &rame$ork provide four basic objectsJ the Bommand* Bonnection* Data
0eader and Data Adapter. !n the remaining sections of this document* $e,ll $alk
through each part of the Dataset and the G9 D2/SQ Server .N9T Data -roviders
e8plaining $hat the" are* and ho$ to program against them. The follo$ing sections
$ill introduce "ou to some objects that have evolved* and some that are ne$. These
objects areJ
Bonnections. &or connection to and managing transactions against a database.
Bommands. &or issuing SQ commands against a database.
Data 0eaders. &or reading a for$ard'onl" stream of data records from a SQ
Server data source.
Datasets. &or storing* removing and programming against flat data* L% data and
relational data.
Data Adapters. &or pushing data into a Dataset* and reconciling data against a
database.
6hen dealing $ith connections to a database* there are t$o different optionsJ SQ
Server .N9T Data -rovider +S"stem.Data.S1lBlient@ and G9 D2 .N9T Data -rovider
+S"stem.Data.GleDb@. !n these samples $e $ill use the SQ Server .N9T Data
-rovider. These are $ritten to talk directl" to %icrosoft SQ Server. The G9 D2
.N9T Data -rovider is used to talk to an" G9 D2 provider +as it uses G9 D2
underneath@.
Connections
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Bonnections are used to ,talk to, databases* and are represented b" provider'specific
classes such as SQBonnection. Bommands travel over connections and result sets are
returned in the form of streams $hich can be read b" a Data 0eader object* or pushed
into a Dataset object.
Commands
Bommands contain the information that is submitted to a database* and are represented
b" provider'specific classes such as SQBommand. A command can be a stored
procedure call* an I-DAT9 statement* or a statement that returns results. Mou can also
use input and output parameters* and return values as part of "our command s"nta8.
The e8ample belo$ sho$s ho$ to issue an !NS90T statement against the North $ind
database.
Data Readers
The Data 0eader object is some$hat s"non"mous $ith a read'onl"/for$ard'onl"
cursor over data. The Data 0eader A-! supports flat as $ell as hierarchical data. A
Data 0eader object is returned after e8ecuting a command against a database. The
format of the returned Data 0eader object is different from a record set. &or e8ample*
"ou might use the Data 0eader to sho$ the results of a search list in a $eb page.
Datasets
The Dataset object is similar to the ADG 0ecord set object* but more po$erful* and
$ith one other important distinctionJ the Dataset is al$a"s disconnected. The Dataset
object represents a cache of data* $ith database'like structures such as tables* columns*
relationships* and constraints. Ho$ever* though a Dataset can and does behave much
like a database* it is important to remember that Dataset objects do not interact directl"
$ith databases* or other source data. This allo$s the developer to $ork $ith a
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programming model that is al$a"s consistent* regardless of $here the source data
resides. Data coming from a database* an L% file* from code* or user input can all be
placed into Dataset objects. Then* as changes are made to the Dataset the" can be
tracked and verified before updating the source data. The Det Bhanges method of the
Dataset object actuall" creates a second Dataset that contains onl" the changes to the
data. This Dataset is then used b" a Data Adapter +or other objects@ to update the
original data source. The Dataset has man" L% characteristics* including the abilit"
to produce and consume L% data and L% schemas. L% schemas can be used to
describe schemas interchanged via 6eb Services. !n fact* a Dataset $ith a schema can
actuall" be compiled for t"pe safet" and statement completion.
Data Adapters (OLEDB/SQL)
The Data Adapter object $orks as a bridge bet$een the Dataset and the source data.
Ising the provider'specific S1lDataAdapter +along $ith its associated S1lBommand
and S1lBonnection@ can increase overall performance $hen $orking $ith a %icrosoft
SQ Server databases.
&or other G9 D2'supported databases* "ou $ould use the GleDbDataAdapter object
and its associated GleDbBommand and GleDbBonnection objects. The Data Adapter
object uses commands to update the data source after changes have been made to the
Dataset. Ising the &ill method of the Data Adapter calls the S99BT commandR using
the Ipdate method calls the !NS90T* I-DAT9 or D99T9 command for each
changed ro$. Mou can e8plicitl" set these commands in order to control the statements
used at runtime to resolve changes* including the use of stored procedures. &or ad'hoc
scenarios* a Bommand 2uilder object can generate these at run'time based upon a
select statement. Ho$ever* this run'time generation re1uires an e8tra round'trip to the
server in order to gather re1uired metadata* so e8plicitl" providing the !NS90T*
I-DAT9* and D99T9 commands at design time $ill result in better run'time
performance.
1. ADG.N9T is the ne8t evolution of ADG for the .Net &rame$ork.
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.. ADG.N9T $as created $ith n'Tier* statelessness and L% in the forefront. T$o
ne$ objects* the Dataset and Data Adapter* are provided for these scenarios.
ADG.N9T can be used to get data from a stream* or to store data in a cache for
updates.
3. There is a lot more information about ADG.N9T in the documentation.
4. 0emember* "ou can e8ecute a command directl" against the database in order to do
inserts* updates* and deletes. Mou don,t need to first put data into a Dataset in order to
insert* update* or delete it.
5. Also* "ou can use a Dataset to bind to the data* move through the data* and navigate
data relationships
Client-side Script (JAVASCRIPT):
JavaScript:
TavaScript is a ne$ scripting language for 6eb-ages. Scripts $ritten $ith java script
can be embedded into "our HT% pages. 6ith java script "ou have man"
possibilities for enhancing "our HT% page $ith interesting elements. &or e8ample
"ou are able to respond to user'initiated events 1uite easil". Some effects that are no$
possible $ith java script $ere some time ago onl" possible $ith BD!. So "ou can
create reall" sophisticated pages $ith the helps of java script on the !nternet.
How can Java Script scripts run?
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The first bro$ser to support java script $as the Netscape Navigator ..C of course the
higher versions do have java script as $ell. Mou might kno$ that java does not run on
all Netscape Navigators ..C +or higher versions@ versions. 2ut this is not true for java
script 'although there are some problems $ith the different versions.
The %ac version for e8ample seems to have man" bugs. !n the near future there are
going to be some other bro$sers* $hich support java script. The %icrosoft !nternet
e8plorer 3.C is going to support java script. TavaScript enabled bro$sers are going to
spread soon ' it is $orth learning this ne$ techni1ue no$. Mou might realiFe that is
reall" eas" to $rite Tava Script scripts. 6e have to kno$ is some basic techni1ues and
some $ork'around for problems "ou might encounter. Gf course $e need a basic.
Inderstanding HT% before reading this tutorial "ou can find man" reall" good
online resources about HT%. 2est "ou make an online search about 7html# at "ahoo
if "ou $ant to get informed about HT%. No$ ! $ant to sho$ some small scripts so
"ou can learn ho$ the" are implemented into HT%'documents and to sho$ $hich
possibilities "ou have $ith the ne$ scripting language. The follo$ing is a ver" small
script* $hich $ill onl" print a te8t into an HT% document.
XhtmlZ
XheadZ
%" first TavaScript
X/headZ
Xbod"ZXbrZ
This is a normal HT% document
XbrZ
Xscript language\)TavaScript)Z
Document.$rite +(this is a java script)@
X/scriptZXb rZ
2acking HT% again
X/bod"Z
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X/htmlZ
!f "ou are using a java script enabled'bro$ser at the moment then "ou $ill have the
possibilit" to see this script $orking. !f "our bro$ser doesn#t support Tava Script then
this output might be some kind of strange]
This is a normal HT% document
This is java script^
2ack in HT% again.
Functions
&unctions are bet declared bet$een the XHeadZ tag of HT% page. &unctions are
called b" user'initiated events. Seems reasonable to keep the functions bet$een the
XHeadZ tags. The" are loaded first before a user can do an"thing that might call a
function. Scripts can be placed bet$een inside comment fields to ensure that older
bro$ser do not displa" the script itself.
XhtmlZ
XheadZ
Xscript language\)TavaScript)Z
function pushbutton +@
_
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alert +(Hello^)@R
`
X/scriptZ
X/headZ
Xbod"Z
XformZ
Xinput t"pe\)button) name\)2utton1) value\)push me) onclick\)pushbutton +@)Z
X/formZ
X/bod"Z
X/htmlZ
!f $e $ant to test this one immediatel" and "ou are using a Tava Script enabled
bro$ser then please go ahead and push the button.
This script $ill create a button and $hen "ou press it a $indo$ $ill pop up sa"ing
(hello^) !n fact $e have a lot of possibilities just b" adding functions to our scripts.
The common bro$sers transmit the form information b" either methodJ here#s the
complete tag including the D9T transmission method attribute for the previous form
Example
X&orm method \D9T action\httpJ//$$$.m"compan".com/cgi'bin/upfdate.plZ
]]]
X/formZ
Input elements.
Ise the XinputZ tag to define an" one of a number of common form elements
including te8t fields multiple choice lists click able images and submission buttons.
There are man" attributers for this tag onl" that t"pes and name attributes are re1uired
for each element* each t"pe of input element uses onl" a subset of the follo$ed
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attributes. Additional XinputZ attributes ma" be re1uired based upon $hich t"pe of the
form element "ou specif".
Submit button:
The submit button +Xinput t"pe\submitZ@ does $hat its name implies* settings in
motion the form#s submission to the server from the bro$ser. 6e man" have more
than submit buttons $ill be added to the parameter list the bro$ser sends along to the
server.
Example
X !nput t"pe \)submit)Z
X!nput t"pe\)submit) value\)submit) name\)name)Z
Reset button:
The reset button if firm XinputZ button is nearl" self' e8planator"R it lets the user
reset erase or set to some default value all elements in the form. 2" default the
bro$ser displa"s a reset button $orth the label (reset). 6e can change that b"
specif"ing a value attribute $ith tour o$n button label.
DATABASE MODELS
ADG.N9T and accessing the database through applets and ADG.N9T A-! via an
intermediate server resulted server resulted in a ne$ t"pe of database model $hich is
different from the client'server model. 2ased on number of intermediate server
through the re1uest should go it is named as single tire* t$o tire and multi tire
architecture
Single Tier
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!n a single tier the server and client are the same in the sense that a client program that
needs information +client@ and the source of this t"pe of architecture is also possible in
java* in case flat files are used to store the data. Ho$ever this is useful onl" in case of
small applications. The advantage $ith this is the simplicit" and portabilit" of the
application developed.

Database

Two Tier (client-server)
!n t$o tier architecture the database resides in one machine and client in
different machine the" are connected through the net$ork. !n this t"pe of architecture a
database management takes control of the database and provides access to clients in a
net$ork. This soft$are bundle is also called as the server. Soft$are in different
machines* re1uesting for information are called as the clients.

5>
Server and
client
Server
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Database
Three Tier and N-Tier
!n the three'tier architecture* an" number servers can access the database that
resides on server. 6hich in turn serve clients in a net$orka &or e8ample* "ou $ant to
access the database using java applets* the applet running in some other machine* can
send re1uest onl" to the server from $hich it is do$n loaded. &or this reason $e $ill
need to have a intermediate server $hich $ill accept the re1uests from applets and
them to the actual database server. This intermediate server acts as a t$o'$a"
communication channel also. This is the information or data from the database is
passed on to the applet that is re1uesting it. This can be e8tended to make n tiers of
servers* each server carr"ing to specific t"pe of re1uest from clientsR ho$ever in
practice onl" 3 tiers architecture is popular.
C# Language
C +pronounced B Sharp@ is a multi'paradigm programming language that
encompasses functional* imperative* generic* object'oriented +class'based@* and
component'oriented programming disciplines. !t $as developed b" %icrosoft as part of
the .N9T initiative and later approved as a standard b" 9B%A +EC6A/778@ and !SG
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+&S'9&EC 272:0@. BW is one of the 44 programming languages supported b" the .N9T
&rame$ork,s Bommon anguage 0untime.
BW is intended to be a simple* modern* general'purpose* object'oriented programming
language. Anders Hejlsberg* the designer of Delphi* leads the team $hich is
developing BW. !t has an object'oriented s"nta8 based on BVV and is heavil"
influenced b" other programming languages such as Delphi and Tava. !t $as initiall"
named Bool* $hich stood for QB like Gbject Griented anguageQ. Ho$ever* in Tul"
.CCC* $hen %icrosoft made the project public* the name of the programming language
$as given as BW. The most recent version of the language is BW 3.C $hich $as released
in conjunction $ith the .N9T &rame$ork 3.5 in .CC=. The ne8t proposed version* BW
4.C* is in development.
History
!n 1EE<* Sun %icros"stems released the Tava programming language $ith %icrosoft
soon purchasing a license to implement it in their operating s"stem. Tava $as
originall" meant to be a platform independent language* but %icrosoft* in their
implementation* broke their license agreement and made a fe$ changes that $ould
essentiall" inhibit Tava,s platform'independent capabilities. Sun filed a la$suit and
%icrosoft settled* deciding to create their o$n version of a partiall" compiled* partiall"
interpreted object'oriented programming language $ith s"nta8 closel" related to that
of BVV.
During the development of .N9T* the class libraries $ere originall" $ritten in a
language/compiler called Simple %anaged B +S%B@. !n Tanuar" 1EEE* Anders
Hejlsberg formed a team to build a ne$ language at the time called Bool* $hich stood
for QB like Gbject Griented anguageQ.%icrosoft had considered keeping the name
QBoolQ as the final name of the language* but chose not to do so for trademark reasons.
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2" the time the .N9T project $as publicl" announced at the Tul" .CCC -rofessional
Developers Bonference* the language had been renamed BW* and the class libraries and
AS-.N9T runtime had been ported to BW.
BW,s principal designer and lead architect at %icrosoft is Anders Hejlsberg* $ho $as
previousl" involved $ith the design of ?isual TVV* 2orland Delphi* and Turbo -ascal.
!n intervie$s and technical papers he has stated that fla$s in most major programming
languages +e.g. BVV* Tava* Delphi* and Smalltalk@ drove the fundamentals of the
Bommon anguage 0untime +B0@* $hich* in turn* drove the design of the BW
programming language itself. Some argue that BW shares roots in other languages.
Features of C#:-
2" design* BW is the programming language that most directl" reflects the underl"ing
Bommon anguage !nfrastructure +B!@. %ost of BW,s intrinsic t"pes correspond to
value't"pes implemented b" the B! frame$ork. Ho$ever* the BW language
specification does not state the code generation re1uirements of the compilerJ that is* it
does not state that a BW compiler must target a Bommon anguage 0untime +B0@* or
generate Bommon !ntermediate anguage +B!@* or generate an" other specific format.
Theoreticall"* a BW compiler could generate machine code like traditional compilers of
BVV or &G0T0ANR in practice* all e8isting BW implementations target B!.
Some notable BW distinguishing features areJ
There are no global variables or functions. All methods and members must be
declared $ithin classes. !t is possible* ho$ever* to use static methods/variables $ithin
public classes instead of global variables/functions.
ocal variables cannot shado$ variables of the enclosing block* unlike B and BVV.
?ariable shado$ing is often considered confusing b" BVV te8ts.
BW supports a strict 2oolean data t"pe* bool. Statements that take conditions* such as
while and if* re1uire an e8pression of a boolean t"pe. 6hile BVV also has a boolean
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t"pe* it can be freel" converted to and from integers* and e8pressions such as if (a)
re1uire onl" that a is convertible to bool* allo$ing a to be an int* or a pointer. BW
disallo$s this Qinteger meaning true or falseQ approach on the grounds that forcing
programmers to use e8pressions that return e8actl" bool can prevent certain t"pes of
programming mistakes such as if (a = b) +use of = instead of ==@.
!n BW* memor" address pointers can onl" be used $ithin blocks specificall" marked
as unsafe* and programs $ith unsafe code need appropriate permissions to run. %ost
object access is done through safe object references* $hich are al$a"s either pointing
to a valid* e8isting object* or have the $ell'defined null valueR a reference to a
garbage'collected object* or to random block of memor"* is impossible to obtain. An
unsafe pointer can point to an instance of a value't"pe* arra"* string* or a block of
memor" allocated on a stack. Bode that is not marked as unsafe can still store and
manipulate pointers through the System.IntPtr t"pe* but cannot dereference them.
%anaged memor" cannot be e8plicitl" freed* but is automaticall" garbage collected.
Darbage collection addresses memor" leaks. BW also provides direct support for
deterministic finaliFation $ith the using statement +supporting the 0esource
Ac1uisition !s !nitialiFation idiom@.
%ultiple inheritance is not supported* although a class can implement an" number of
interfaces. This $as a design decision b" the language,s lead architect to avoid
complication* avoid dependenc" hell and simplif" architectural re1uirements
throughout B!.
BW is more t"pe safe than BVV. The onl" implicit conversions b" default are those
$hich are considered safe* such as $idening of integers and conversion from a
derived t"pe to a base t"pe. This is enforced at compile'time* during T!T* and* in
some cases* at runtime. There are no implicit conversions bet$een booleans and
integers* nor bet$een enumeration members and integers +e8cept for literal C* $hich
can be implicitl" converted to an" enumerated t"pe@. An" user'defined conversion
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must be e8plicitl" marked as e8plicit or implicit* unlike BVV cop" constructors
+$hich are implicit b" default@ and conversion operators +$hich are al$a"s implicit@.
9numeration members are placed in their o$n scope.
BW provides s"ntactic sugar for a common pattern of a pair of methods* accessor
+getter@ and mutator +setter@ encapsulating operations on a single attribute of a class*
in form of properties.
&ull t"pe reflection and discover" is available.
BW currentl" +as of 3 Tune .CC>@ has == reserved $ords.
Common Type system (CTS)
BW has a unified type system. This unified t"pe s"stem is called Co))on Ty(e
Syste) ;CTS<.
A unified t"pe s"stem implies that all t"pes* including primitives such as integers* are
subclasses of the System.Object class. &or e8ample* ever" t"pe inherits a
ToString() method. &or performance reasons* primitive t"pes +and value t"pes in
general@ are internall" allocated on the stack.
Categories of data types
BTS separates data t"pes into t$o categoriesJ
?alue t"pes
0eference t"pes
?alue t"pes are plain aggregations of data. !nstances of value t"pes do not have
referential identit" nor a referential comparison semantics ' e1ualit" and ine1ualit"
comparisons for value t"pes compare the actual data values $ithin the instances* unless
the corresponding operators are overloaded. ?alue t"pes are derived from
System.ValueType* al$a"s have a default value* and can al$a"s be created and
copied. Some other limitations on value t"pes are that the" cannot derive from each
other +but can implement interfaces@ and cannot have a default +parameterless@
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constructor. 98amples of value t"pes are some primitive t"pes* such as int +a signed
3.'bit integer@* float +a 3.'bit !999 floating'point number@* char +a 1<'bit Inicode
codepoint@* and System.ateTime +identifies a specific point in time $ith millisecond
precision@.
!n contrast* reference t"pes have the notion of referential identit" ' each instance of
reference t"pe is inherentl" distinct from ever" other instance* even if the data $ithin
both instances is the same. This is reflected in default e1ualit" and ine1ualit"
comparisons for reference t"pes* $hich test for referential rather than structural
e1ualit"* unless the corresponding operators are overloaded +such as the case for
System.String@. !n general* it is not al$a"s possible to create an instance of a
reference t"pe* nor to cop" an e8isting instance* or perform a value comparison on t$o
e8isting instances* though specific reference t"pes can provide such services b"
e8posing a public constructor or implementing a corresponding interface +such as
I!loneable or I!omparable@. 98amples of reference t"pes are object +the ultimate
base class for all other BW classes@* System.String +a string of Inicode characters@*
and System."rray +a base class for all BW arra"s@.
2oth t"pe categories are e8tensible $ith user'defined t"pes.
Boxing and unboxing
Boxing is the operation of converting a value of a value t"pe into a value of a
corresponding reference t"pe.
Example:
int foo \ 4.R // ?alue t"pe...
object bar \ fooR // foo is bo8ed to bar.
Unboxing is the operation of converting a value of a reference t"pe +previousl" bo8ed@
into a value of a value t"pe.
Example:
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int foo \ 4.R // ?alue t"pe.
object bar \ fooR // foo is bo8ed to bar.
int foo. \ +int@barR // Inbo8ed back to value t"pe.
Features of C# 2.0
Ne$ features in BW for the .N9T SDA ..C +corresponding to the 3rd edition of the
9B%A'334 standard@ isJ
Partial class
-artial classes allo$ implementation of a class to be spread bet$een several files* $ith
each file containing one or more class members. !t is primar" useful $hen parts of a
class are automaticall" generated. &or e8ample* the feature is heavil" used b" code'
generating user interface designers in ?isual Studio.
file1.csJ
public partial class %"Blass
_
public void %"%ethod1+@
_
// %anuall" $ritten code
`
`
file..csJ
public partial class %"Blass
_
public void %"%ethod.+@
_
// Automaticall" generated code
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`
`
Generics
Denerics* or parameteriFed t"pes* or parametric pol"morphism is a .N9T ..C feature
supported b" BW. Inlike BVV templates* .N9T parameteriFed t"pes are instantiated at
runtime rather than b" the compilerR hence the" can be cross'language $hereas BVV
templates cannot. The" support some features not supported directl" b" BVV templates
such as t"pe constraints on generic parameters b" use of interfaces. Gn the other hand*
BW does not support non't"pe generic parameters. Inlike generics in Tava* .N9T
generics use reification to make parameteriFed t"pes first'class objects in the B!
?irtual %achine* $hich allo$s for optimiFations and preservation of the t"pe
information.
Static classes
Static classes are classes that cannot be instantiated or inherited from* and that onl"
allo$ static members. Their purpose is similar to that of modules in man" procedural
languages.
A new form of iterator providing generator functionality
A ne$ form of iterator that provides generator functionalit"* using a yiel# return
construct similar to yiel# in -"thon.
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// %ethod that takes an iterable input +possibl" an arra"@
// and returns all even numbers.
public static !9numerableXintZ Det9ven+!9numerableXintZ numbers@
_
foreach +int i in numbers@
_
if +i Y . \\ C@ "ield return iR
`
`
Anonymous delegates
Anon"mous delegates provide closure functionalit" in BW. Bode inside the bod" of an
anon"mous delegate has full read/$rite access to local variables* method parameters*
and class members in scope of the delegate* e8cepting out and ref parameters. &or
example:-
int SumGfArra"9lements+intOP arra"@
_
int sum \ CR
Arra".&or9ach+
arra"*
delegate+int 8@
_
sum V\ 8R
`
@R
return sumR
`
Delegate covariance and contravariance
Bonversions from method groups to delegate t"pes are covariant and contravariant in
return and parameter t"pes* respectivel".
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The accessibility of property accessors can be set independently
Example:
string status \ string.9mpt"R

public string Status
_
get _ return statusR ` // an"one can get value of this propert"*
protected set _ status \ valueR ` // but onl" derived classes can change it
`
Nullable types
Nullable value t"pes +denoted b" a 1uestion mark* e.g. int$ i = null%@ $hich add
null to the set of allo$ed values for an" value t"pe. This provides improved
interaction $ith SQ databases* $hich can have nullable columns of t"pes
corresponding to BW primitive t"pesJ an SQ I&T'(') &*++ column t"pe directl"
translates to the BW int$.
Nullable t"pes received an eleventh'hour improvement at the end of August .CC5*
mere $eeks before the official launch* to improve their bo8ing characteristicsJ a
nullable variable $hich is assigned null is not actuall" a null reference* but rather an
instance of struct &ullable,T- $ith propert" .asValue e1ual to false. 6hen
bo8ed* the &ullable instance itself is bo8ed* and not the value stored in it* so the
resulting reference $ould al$a"s be non'null* even for null values. The follo$ing code
illustrates the corrected fla$J
inta i \ nullR
object o \ iR
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if +o \\ null@
Bonsole.6riteine+QBorrect behaviour ' runtime version from September .CC5 or
laterQ@R
else
Bonsole.6riteine+Q!ncorrect behaviour ' pre'release runtime +from before
September .CC5@Q@R
6hen copied into objects* the official release bo8es values from &ullable instances*
so null values and null references are considered e1ual. The late nature of this fi8
caused some controvers" * since it re1uired core'B0 changes affecting not onl"
.N9T.* but all dependent technologies +including BW* ?2* SQ Server .CC5 and
?isual Studio .CC5@.
DATABASE TABLES:
Admin Register Table:
Na)e Null9Not Null Ty(e =ey
uid Not Null int !dentit"+1CCC*1@
name Null varchar+4C@
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p$d Null varchar+4C@
cp$d Null varchar+5C@
phone Null varchar+.C@
email Null varchar+5C@ -rimar" Ae"
address Null varchar+5C@
cit" Null varchar+5C@
petsname Not Null varchar+3C@
groupname Null varchar+3C@
User Registration Table
uid Not Null int !dentit"+1CCC*1@
name Null varchar+4C@
p$d Null varchar+4C@
cp$d Null varchar+5C@
phone Null varchar+.C@
email Null varchar+5C@ -rimar" Ae"
address Null varchar+5C@
cit" Null varchar+5C@
petsname Not Null varchar+3C@
groupname Null varchar+3C@
Budget Videos Table
channelbname Null varchar+5C@
categor" Null varchar+5C@
adbspan Null varchar+5C@
timea Null varchar+5C@
timeb Null varchar+5C@
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timec Null varchar+5C@
timed Null varchar+5C@
timee Null varchar+5C@
Budget Animated Table
Budget Slides Table
Channel Time Table
uid Null int
name Null varchar+.C@
adname Null varchar+1CC@
channel Null varchar+.C@
timings Null varchar+1CC@
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User New ADs Table
uid Null int
email Null varchar+5C@
rdate Null varchar+.C@
censor Null varchar+.C@
director Null varchar+.C@
address Null varchar+.C@
video Not Null varchar+1CC@
Subject s Table
Subjectid Null int -rimar" Ae"
Subjectname Null varchar+.C@
Bountr" Null varchar+.C@
State Null varchar+.C@
location Null varchar+.C@
View Videos Table
uid Null int
email Null varchar+5C@
rdate Null varchar+.C@
censor Null varchar+.C@
permission Null varchar+.C@
FEASIBILITY STUDY:
&easibilit" stud" is conducted once the problem is clearl" understood.
&easibilit" stud" is a high level capsule version of the entire s"stem anal"sis and
design process. The objective is to determine 1uickl" at a minimum e8pense ho$ to
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solve a problem. The purpose of feasibilit" is not to solve the problem but to
determine if the problem is $orth solving.
The s"stem has been tested for feasibilit" in the follo$ing points.
1. Technical &easibilit"
.. 9conomical &easibilit"
3. Gperational &easibilit".
Technical Feasibility
The project entitles QBourier Service S"stem) is technicall" feasibilit"
because of the belo$ mentioned feature. The project $as developed in Tava $hich
Draphical Iser !nterface.
!t provides the high level of reliabilit"* availabilit" and compatibilit". All these
make Tava an appropriate language for this project. Thus the e8isting soft$are Tava is
a po$erful language.
Economical Feasibility
The computeriFed s"stem $ill help in automate the selection
leading the profits and details of the organiFation. 6ith this soft$are* the machine and
manpo$er utiliFation are e8pected to go up b" >C'ECY appro8imatel". The costs
incurred of not creating the s"stem are set to be great* because precious time can be
$anted b" manuall".
Operational Feasibility
!n this project* the management $ill kno$ the details of each project $here
he ma" be presented and the data $ill be maintained as decentraliFed and if an"
in1uires for that particular contract can be kno$n as per their re1uirements and
necessaries.
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Implementation:
!mplementation is the stage $here the theoretical design is turned into a $orking
s"stem. The most crucial stage in achieving a ne$ successful s"stem and in giving
confidence on the ne$ s"stem for the users that it $ill $ork efficientl" and effectivel".
The s"stem can be implemented onl" after thorough testing is done and if it is found to
$ork according to the specification.

!t involves careful planning* investigation of the current s"stem and its constraints on
implementation* design of methods to achieve the change over and an evaluation of
change over methods a part from planning. T$o major tasks of preparing the
implementation are education and training of the users and testing of the s"stem.
The more comple8 the s"stem being implemented* the more involved $ill be the
s"stems anal"sis and design effort re1uired just for implementation.

The implementation phase comprises of several activities. The re1uired hard$are
and soft$are ac1uisition is carried out. The s"stem ma" re1uire some soft$are to be
developed. &or this* programs are $ritten and tested. The user then changes over to his
ne$ full" tested s"stem and the old s"stem is discontinued.
TESTING:

The testing phase is an important part of soft$are development. !t is the
computeriFed s"stem $ill help in automate process of finding errors and missing
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operations and also a complete verification to determine $hether the objectives are met
and the user re1uirements are satisfied.
Soft$are testing is carried out in three stepsJ

1. The first includes unit testing* $here in each module is tested to provide
its correctness* validit" and also determine an" missing operations and to verif"
$hether the objectives have been met. 9rrors are noted do$n and corrected
immediatel". Init testing is the important and major part of the project. So errors are
rectified easil" in particular module and program clarit" is increased. !n this project
entire s"stem is divided into several modules and is developed individuall". So unit
testing is conducted to individual modules.
.. The second step includes !ntegration testing. !t need not be the case*
the soft$are $hose modules $hen run individuall" and sho$ing perfect results* $ill
also sho$ perfect results $hen run as a $hole. The individual modules are clipped
under this major module and tested again and verified the results. This is due to poor
interfacing* $hich ma" results in data being lost across an interface. A module can
have inadvertent* adverse effect on an" other or on the global data structures* causing
serious problems.

3. The final step involves validation and testing $hich determines $hich
the soft$are functions as the user e8pected. Here also some modifications $ere. !n the
completion of the project it is satisfied full" b" the end user.
Maintenance and environment:
AS the number of computer based s"stems* grieve libraries of computer soft$are
began to e8pand. !n house developed projects produced tones of thousand soft program
source statements. Soft$are products purchased from the outside added hundreds of
thousands of ne$ statements. A dark cloud appeared on the horiFon. All of these
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programs* all of those source statements'had to be corrected $hen false $ere detected*
modified as user re1uirements changed* or adapted to ne$ hard$are that $as
purchased. These activities $ere collectivel" called soft$are %aintenance.
The maintenance phase focuses on change that is associated $ith error correction*
adaptations re1uired as the soft$are,s environment evolves* and changes due to
enhancements brought about b" changing customer re1uirements. &our t"pes of
changes are encountered during the maintenance phase.
Borrection
Adaptation
9nhancement
-revention
Correction:
9ven $ith the best 1ualit" assurance activities is lightl" that the customer $ill
uncover defects in the soft$are. Borrective maintenance changes the soft$are to
correct defects.
%aintenance is a set of soft$are 9ngineering activities that occur after soft$are
has been delivered to the customer and put into operation. Soft$are configuration
management is a set of tracking and control activities that began $hen a soft$are
project begins and terminates onl" $hen the soft$are is taken out of the operation.
6e ma" define maintenance b" describing four activities that are undertaken after a
program is released for useJ
Borrective %aintenance
Adaptive %aintenance
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-erfective %aintenance or 9nhancement
-reventive %aintenance or reengineering

Gnl" about .C percent of all maintenance $ork are spent Qfi8ing mistakesQ. The
remaining >C percent are spent adapting e8isting s"stems to changes in their e8ternal
environment* making enhancements re1uested b" users* and reengineering an
application for use.
ADAPTATION:
Gver time* the original environment +9ZD.* B-I* operating s"stem*
business rules* e8ternal product characteristics@ for $hich the soft$are $as developed
is likel" to change. Adaptive maintenance results in modification to the soft$are to
accommodate change to its e8ternal environment.
ENHANCEMENT:
As soft$are is used* the customer/user $ill recogniFe additional functions that $ill
provide benefit. -erceptive maintenance e8tends the soft$are be"ond its original
function re1uirements.
PREVENTION:
Bomputer soft$are deteriorates due to change* and because of this* preventive
maintenance* often called soft$are re engineering* must be conducted to enable the
soft$are to serve the needs of its end users. !n essence* preventive maintenance makes
changes to computer programs so that the" can be more easil" corrected* adapted* and
enhanced. Soft$are configuration management +SB%@ is an umbrella activit" that is
applied throughout the soft$are process.
SOFTWARE METHODOLOGY
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The soft$are methodolog" follo$ed in this project includes the object'oriented
methodolog" and the application s"stem development methodologies. The description
of these methodologies is given belo$.
Application System Development A Life cycle Approach
Although there are a gro$ing number of applications +such as decision support
s"stems@ that should be developed using an e8perimental process strateg" such as
protot"ping* a significant amount of ne$ development $ork continue to involve major
operational applications of broad scope. The application s"stems are large highl"
structured. Iser task comprehension and developer task proficienc" is usuall" high.
These factors suggest a linear or iterative assurance strateg". The most common
method for this stage class of problems is a s"stem development life c"cle modal in
$hich each stage of development is $ell defined and has straightfor$ard re1uirements
for deliverables* feedback and sign off. The s"stem development life c"cle is described
in detail since it continues to be an appropriate methodolog" for a significant part of
ne$ development $ork.
The basic idea of the s"stem development life c"cle is that there is a $ell'defined
process b" $hich an application is conceived and developed and implemented. The life
c"cle gives structure to a creative process. !n order to manage and control the
development effort* it is necessar" to kno$ $hat should have been done* $hat has
been done* and $hat has "et to be accomplished. The phrases in the s"stem
development life c"cle provide a basis for management and control because the"
define segments of the flo$ of $ork* $hich can be identified for managerial purposes
and specifies the documents or other deliverables to be produced in each phase.
The phases in the life c"cle for information s"stem development are described
differentl" b" different $riters* but the differences are primaril" in the amount of
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necessit" and manner of categoriFation. There is a general agreement on the flo$ of
development steps and the necessit" for control procedures at each stage.
The information s"stem development c"cle for an application consists of three major
stages.
Definition.
Development.
!nstallation and operation.

The first stage of the process* $hich defines the information re1uirements for a
feasible cost effective s"stem. The re1uirements are then translated into a ph"sical
s"stem of forms* procedures* programs etc.* b" the s"stem design* computer
programming and procedure development. The resulting s"stem is test and put into
operation. No s"stem is perfect so there is al$a"s a need for maintenance changes. To
complete the c"cle* there should be a post audit of the s"stem to evaluate ho$ $ell it
performs and ho$ $ell it meets the cost and performance specifications. The stages of
definition* development and installation and operation can therefore be divided into
smaller steps or phrases as follo$s.
Definition
-roposed definition J preparation of re1uest for proposed applications.
&easibilit" assessmentJ evaluation of feasibilit" and cost benefit of proposed s"stem.
!nformation re1uirement anal"sisJ determination of information needed.
Design
Bonceptual design J Iser'oriented design of application development.
-h"sical s"stem designJ Detailed design of flo$s and processes in applications
processing s"stem and preparation of program specification.
Development
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-rogram development J coding and testing of computer programs.
-rocedure development J design of procedures and preparation of user instructions.
Installation and operation
Bonversion J final s"stem test and conversion.
Gperation and maintenanceJ %onth to month operation and maintenance
-ost audit J 9valuation of development process* application s"stem
and results of use at the completion of the each phase* formal approval sign'off is
re1uired from the users as $ell as from the manager of the project development.
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C# CODE
using S"stemR
using S"stem.DataR
using S"stem.BonfigurationR
using S"stem.BollectionsR
using S"stem.6ebR
using S"stem.6eb.Securit"R
using S"stem.6eb.I!R
using S"stem.6eb.I!.6ebBontrolsR
using S"stem.6eb.I!.6ebBontrols.6eb-artsR
using S"stem.6eb.I!.HtmlBontrolsR
using S"stem.Data.S1lBlientR
using S"stem.!GR
using S"stem.%ediaR
public partial class adinfo J S"stem.6eb.I!.-age
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S1lBonnection con \ ne$
S1lBonnection+Bonfiguration%anager.AppSettingsOQeeQP.ToString+@@R
protected void -ageboad+object sender* 9ventArgs e@
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Te8tbo81.Te8t \ SessionOQu"QP.ToString+@R
con.Gpen+@R
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if +&ileIpload1.Has&ile@
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b \ ne$ b"teOsiFePR
&ileIpload1.-osted&ile.!nputStream.0ead+b*C*siFe@R
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Testing
Testing is a process of e8ecuting a program $ith the indent of finding an error.
Testing is a crucial element of soft$are 1ualit" assurance and presents ultimate revie$
of specification* design and coding.
S"stem Testing is an important phase. Testing represents an interesting anomal" for
the soft$are. Thus a series of testing are performed for the proposed s"stem before the
s"stem is read" for user acceptance testing.
A good test case is one that has a high probabilit" of finding an as undiscovered error.
A successful test is one that uncovers an as undiscovered error.
Testing Objectives:
1. Testing is a process of e8ecuting a program $ith the intent of finding an error
.. A good test case is one that has a probabilit" of finding an as "et undiscovered error
3. A successful test is one that uncovers an undiscovered error
Testing Principles:
All tests should be traceable to end user re1uirements
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Tests should be planned long before testing begins
Testing should begin on a small scale and progress to$ards testing in large
98haustive testing is not possible
To be most effective testing should be conducted b" a independent third part"
The primar" objective for test case design is to derive a set of tests that has the
highest livelihood for uncovering defects in soft$are. To accomplish this objective t$o
different categories of test case design techni1ues are used. The" are
6hite bo8 testing.
2lack bo8 testing.
White-box testing:
6hite bo8 testing focus on the program control structure. Test cases are derived to
ensure that all statements in the program have been e8ecuted at least once during
testing and that all logical conditions have been e8ecuted.
Block-box testing:
2lack bo8 testing is designed to validate functional re1uirements $ithout regard to the
internal $orkings of a program. 2lack bo8 testing mainl" focuses on the information
domain of the soft$are* deriving test cases b" partitioning input and output in a
manner that provides through test coverage. !ncorrect and missing functions* interface
errors* errors in data structures* error in functional logic are the errors falling in this
categor".
Testing strategies:
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A strateg" for soft$are testing must accommodate lo$'level tests that are necessar" to
verif" that all small source code segment has been correctl" implemented as $ell as
high'level tests that validate major s"stem functions against customer re1uirements.
Testing fundamentals:
Testing is a process of e8ecuting program $ith the intent of finding error. A good test
case is one that has high probabilit" of finding an undiscovered error. !f testing is
conducted successfull" it uncovers the errors in the soft$are. Testing cannot sho$ the
absence of defects* it can onl" sho$ that soft$are defects present.
Testing Information flow:
!nformation flo$ for testing flo$s the pattern. T$o class of input provided to test the
process. The soft$are configuration includes a soft$are re1uirements specification* a
design specification and source code.
Test configuration includes test plan and test cases and test tools. Tests are conducted
and all the results are evaluated. That is test results are compared $ith e8pected results.
6hen erroneous data are uncovered* an error is implied and debugging commences.
Unit testing:
Init testing is essential for the verification of the code produced during the coding
phase and hence the goal is to test the internal logic of the modules. Ising the detailed
design description as a guide* important paths are tested to uncover errors $ith in the
boundar" of the modules. These tests $ere carried out during the programming stage
itself. All units of ?ienna SQ $ere successfull" tested.
Integration testing:
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!ntegration testing focuses on unit tested modules and build the program structure that
is dictated b" the design phase.
System testing:
S"stem testing tests the integration of each module in the s"stem. !t also tests to find
discrepancies bet$een the s"stem and it#s original objective* current specification and
s"stem documentation. The primar" concern is the compatibilit" of individual
modules. 9ntire s"stem is $orking properl" or not $ill be tested here* and specified
path GD2B connection $ill correct or not* and giving output or not are tested here
these verifications and validations are done b" giving input values to the s"stem and b"
comparing $ith e8pected output. Top'do$n testing implementing here.
Acceptance Testing:
This testing is done to verif" the readiness of the s"stem for the implementation.
Acceptance testing begins $hen the s"stem is complete. !ts purpose is to provide the
end user $ith the confidence that the s"stem is read" for use. !t involves planning and
e8ecution of functional tests* performance tests and stress tests in order to demonstrate
that the implemented s"stem satisfies its re1uirements.
Tools to special importance during acceptance testing includeJ
Test coverage Anal"Fer K records the control paths follo$ed for each test case.
Timing Anal"Fer K also called a profiler* reports the time spent in various regions of
the code are areas to concentrate on to improve s"stem performance.
Boding standards K static anal"Fers and standard checkers are used to inspect code for
deviations from standards and guidelines.
Test Cases:
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Test cases are derived to ensure that all statements in the program have been e8ecuted
at least once during testing and that all logical conditions have been e8ecuted.
Ising 6hite'2o8 testing methods* the soft$are engineer can drive test cases that
Duarantee that logical decisions on their true and false sides.
98ercise all logical decisions on their true and false sides.
98ecute all loops at their boundaries and $ith in their operational bounds.
98ercise internal data structure to assure their validit".
The test case specification for s"stem testing has to be submitted for revie$ before
s"stem testing commences.
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Home Page
E4
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E5
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Admin Login Page
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Forgot Password
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Admin Login
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Admin Welcome Page
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User and Ads

1CC
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Channel Timings
1C1
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User Details
1C.
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View Video
1C3
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User Login
1C4
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User Welcome and Choose Type
1C5
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New Information
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Select Channel
1C=
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Budget
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Contact Us
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Conclusion
The package $as designed in such a $a" that future modifications can be
done easil". The follo$ing conclusions can be deduced from the development of the
project.
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Automation of the entire s"stem improves the efficienc"
!t provides a friendl" graphical user interface $hich proves to be better $hen
compared to the e8isting s"stem.
!t gives appropriate access to the authoriFed users depending on their permissions.
!t effectivel" overcomes the dela" in communications.
Ipdating of information becomes so easier.
S"stem securit"* data securit" and reliabilit" are the striking features.
The S"stem has ade1uate scope for modification in future if it is necessar".
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Future Enhancements :

This application avoids the manual $ork and the problems concern $ith it.
!t is an eas" $a" to obtain the information regarding the various products information
that is present in the markets.
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6ell ! and m" team members have $orked hard in order to
present an improved $ebsite better than the e8isting one#s regarding the information
about the various activities. Still* $e found out that the project can be done in a better
$a". -rimaril"* $hen $e re1uest information about a particular Ad it just sho$s the
compan"* seller details and no. of 1uantities available. So* after getting the information
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
The follo$ing books $ere referred during the anal"sis and e8ecution phase of the
project
6&C#'S'0T .NET W&T3 C
%icrosoft .net series
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ASP .NET 2.0 P#'0ESS&'NAL
6ro8 -ublishers
ASP .NET W&T3 C 200%
Apress -ublications
C C''= ,''=
G reill" -ublications
P#'.#A66&N. 6&C#'S'0T ASP .NET 2.0 APPL&CAT&'N
6ro8 -rofessional Duide
,E.&NN&N. ASP .NET 2.0 E/C'66E#CE &N C 200%
Novice to -rofessional.
WE,S&TES:
$$$.google.com
$$$.microsoft.com
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Customizability and Extensibility. AS-.N9T delivers a $ell'factored architecture

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