Appendi x F

St r ess- St r ai n Fi t t i ng f or t he
Tseng- Lee Model
This model is another candidate to be used for loading histories involving loading and
reverse loading. The model is calibrated using uniaxial st ress-st rai n data as described
next. The monot oni c part of the response (o-a-b) is fitted with the Ramber g- Osgood
fit as described in Appendi x C. For the results in Figure E 1, o-a-b had the following
Ramber g- Osgood parameters:
E - 30.3 103 ksi, Cry - 36.0 ksi, n - 20.0, Crom - - 25.3 ksi, (a)
where c r o m is the proportional limit stress.
The material parameters for the basic hysteresis curve (b-c-d-e), Ec, aoc and h are
obtained as follows:
1. Ec is the elastic modul us of the hysteresis curve; i.e., it is the slope of section b-c of
the unl oadi ng curve. Usually, but not always, Ec --Em.
Figure F.1
6 0
( ~
( ksi ) 4 0 -
l 2 0 -
0 -
- 20 -
- 40 -
D
- 60 " , ,
- 0 . 4 0 0 . 4
Memory Line
Cbn~ ~ . ~ b
f = = ~ ' ~ ~ c 'F"
2 oc
) C ~r
(~ in
- ( ~ b c ~ '
Memory Line
I I I I I
0.8
~(%)
Fit parameters of uniaxial monotonic and hysteresis stress-strain responses for the
Tseng-Lee two-surface model.
383
384 MECHANICS OF OFFSHORE PIPELINES
2. aoc is the radius of the yield surface, calculated as follows. Identify the elastic limit of
the hysteresis curve (point c). Then
1
aoc - - : ( O' b - a c ) , (F.1)
Z
where ag and ac are the stresses corresponding to points b and c on the response.
3. h is a shape parameter representing the hardening characteristics of the hysteresis
curve. It can be evaluated as follows:
Find the slope, Em, of the monot oni c curve at point b. The correspondi ng plastic
modul us at point b is
( ; m 1 ) 1
- - ( F . 2 )
E
The stress at point b, ab, represents the current size of the memor y surface.
Construct the memor y line by drawing a horizontal line through point b, i.e., at
stress o b.
Construct the second memor y line to be the horizontal line a = - - a b .
Evaluate 8in from
~i n = O'c + O'b. (E3)
Choose a point on the unloading curve, point d, and evaluate 3 as follows:
6 = ad + ab. (E4)
Point d is chosen such that
6
0 . 1 < < 0 . 5 . ( E 5 )
- - ~i n - -
Evaluate the plastic strains corresponding to points c and d as follows:
e ac ad
e c - ec and e ~ - ed (F.6)
E c E c
where ec and 8 d are the strains at points c and d, respectively.
h is evaluated by solving the following nonlinear equation
~ i n h
(h - 1) 2
~i n - -
In [ 1 - ( h 6 i n - - h l ) ( 6 i n - S ) ] - 4 ~ - - 1 - - E m P (ec P - e ~) .
(F.7)
For the curve shown in Figure E 1, the following parameters were used for the
hysteresis curve
E c = 28.5 103 ksi, aoc = 18.0 ksi, h = 50.0. (b)
The st ress-st rai n parameters obtained by the procedures described above should be
adjusted by trial and error until a satisfactory fit is obtained. Use the fit parameters
as initial values and perform a numerical simulation of the experiment you are fitting.
APPENDIX F: STRESS-STRAIN FITTING FOR THE TSENG-LEE MODEL 385
Compare the numerical fit of the stress-strain response with the experimental one, and
adjust the parameters (usually vary just h) until you obtain an opt i mum fit.
In case you do not wish to solve the nonlinear equation (E7) in order to evaluate h, a
good initial trial value for h for steels is
40 < h < 60. (c)
Select a value for h and then improve it by trial and error.