322 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 62, NO.

2, JANUARY 15, 2014

Time Domain Channel Estimation for OQAM-OFDM
Systems: Algorithms and Performance Bounds
Dejin Kong, Daiming Qu, and Tao Jiang, Senior Member, IEEE
AbstractIn this paper, we rst present a general time domain
model for the channel estimation in the orthogonal frequency
division multiplexing system with offset quadrature amplitude
modulation (OQAM-OFDM), and utilize the frequency domain
pilots to estimate the time domain channel impulse responses.
Different form the conventional methods, there is no specic
requirement for the length of the symbol interval compared to
the the maximum channel delay spread in the proposed scheme.
Furthermore, with the proposed time domain model, the channel
statistic information could be utilized to improve the performance
of the channel estimation. Then, we propose two channel estima-
tion schemes, i.e., linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE)
and weighted least square (WLS), and we also derive their corre-
sponding Bayesian Cramr-Rao Bound (BCRB) and Cramr-Rao
Bound (CRB) bounds, respectively. Simulation results demon-
strate that the BCRB and CRB bounds could be achieved by the
proposed LMMSE and WLS methods, respectively. Moreover,
simulation results show that the proposed methods are much
robust to the time synchronization error compared to the con-
ventional frequency domain methods, and imply that the pulse
shaping lter with waveforms concentrated in the time domain
could be employed in OQAM-OFDM systems to improve the
channel estimation performance and spectral efciency.
Index TermsChannel estimation, Cramr-Rao Bound, linear
minimun mean square error, OQAM-OFDM, time synchroniza-
tion error, weighted least square.
I. INTRODUCTION
R
ECENTLY, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
systems with offset quadrature amplitude modulation
(OQAM-OFDM) have been attracting increasing attention
[1][5]. Compared to the conventional orthogonal frequency
division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, OQAM-OFDM sys-
tems have higher spectral efciency because they do not require
cyclic prex [6]. Moreover, OQAM-OFDMsystems have lower
spectral sidelobes due to the use of the pulse shaping lters [7].
Recently, the OQAM-OFDM system has been considered as a
Manuscript received July 05, 2013; revised September 27, 2013; accepted
October 21, 2013. Date of publication November 08, 2013; date of current ver-
sion December 24, 2013. The associate editor coordinating the review of this
manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Xiqi Gao. This work was
supported in part by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young
Scholar of China by Grant 61325004, the National Science Foundation of China
by Grant 61172052, the National & Major Project by Grants 2012ZX03003004
and 2013ZX03003016.
The authors are with the Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics,
Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Huazhong University
of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China (e-mail: Tao.Jiang@ieee.
org).
Color versions of one or more of the gures in this paper are available online
at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identier 10.1109/TSP.2013.2290498
promising technique in future wireless communication systems
[7][9].
For wireless communication systems, the received signal is
distorted due to the multi-path fading channel. Thus, channel
estimation has a signicant inuence on the system per-
formance. A major difference between the OQAM-OFDM
and OFDM systems is that the orthogonality condition of
OQAM-OFDM systems only holds in the real eld [1], which
causes the intrinsic imaginary interference to real transmitted
symbols at the receiver. Thus, the intrinsic imaginary interfer-
ence has to be considered for the channel estimation schemes
in OQAM-OFDM systems. Recently, many channel estimation
schemes have been proposed for OQAM-OFDM systems. In
[10], [11], the channel estimation schemes with scattered pilots
were investigated. In [12], the authors proposed two channel
estimation methods with preamble pilots, i.e., the interference
approximation method (IAM) and pairs of pilots (POP) method.
Then, the preamble structures with complex pilots were further
investigated for the IAMmethod in [13], [14]. Later, an iterative
channel estimation method was proposed to support a shorter
preamble with only one-column pilots in [15], which reduces
the residual inter-symbol interference caused by neighboring
symbols. Optimal preambles were studied in [16][18] by
minimizing mean squared error (MSE) with a given transmit
energy. In [19], the prototype lter was redesigned to improve
the performance of channel estimation, at the cost of relaxing
the orthogonality constraint. In [20], a review was given to in-
troduce the existing preamble structures and associated channel
estimation methods for both single-antenna and multiple-an-
tenna systems. However, similar to the IAM method, the above
channel estimation schemes assumed that the symbol interval
is much longer than the maximum channel delay spread. When
this condition is not satised, these channel estimation schemes
will suffer from severe performance degradations.
As another way of research, channel estimation schemes
based on the time domain model also have been studied [21],
[22], in which the time domain channel impulse responses are
estimated by using the frequency domain pilots. The authors in
[21] presented a time domain channel estimator based on the
multiple signal classication (MUSIC) and least square (LS)
algorithm, however, where all pilot symbols transmitted over
the even and odd subcarriers are equal, respectively. In [22], a
per-subchannel estimator was proposed for the OQAM-OFDM
systems, in which the channel impulse responses on each
subcarrier are estimated, respectively. For time domain model,
it does not require the assumption that the symbol interval is
much longer than the maximum channel delay spread, which
is an advantage compared to the IAM method. Furthermore,
1053-587X 2013 IEEE
KONG et al.: TIME DOMAIN CHANNEL ESTIMATION 323
Fig. 1. The equivalent baseband diagram of an OQAM-OFDM system.
the channel statistic information could be utilized to improve
channel estimation. Note that, the channel statistic information
is usually presented in time domain model, which has been
employed to improve the performance of the channel estima-
tion for conventional OFDM systems [25]. To the best of our
knowledge, although the above work have addressed the time
domain channel estimation in some extent, the general time
domain model for channel estimation and its related properties
have not been studied for the OQAM-OFDM systems.
In this paper, we rst present a general time domain model
for the channel estimation in OQAM-OFDM systems, in which
there is no restriction on the structure of preamble pilots and
the time domain channel impulse responses could be directly
estimated with the frequency domain pilots. Since the orthog-
onality condition of OQAM-OFDM systems only holds in the
real eld, the noises on neighboring subcarriers are correlated
in general. Considering such correlation, two channel estima-
tion schemes, i.e., linear minimummean square error (LMMSE)
and weighted least square (WLS), are presented based on the
different levels of a priori knowledge for the channel. To eval-
uate the proposed LMMSE and WLS methods, we also de-
rive the Bayesian Cramr-Rao Bound (BCRB) and Cramr-Rao
Bound (CRB) bounds, respectively. Simulation results demon-
strate that the BCRB and CRB bounds can be achieved by the
proposed LMMSE and WLS methods, respectively. With the
proposed channel estimation model and methods, the symbol
interval or the number of subcarriers is shorter or less than that
of the frequency domain methods for OQAM-OFDM systems.
Furthermore, simulation results also show that the proposed
methods are more robust to the time synchronization error com-
pared to the IAM method. Of course, simulation results also
imply that the pulse shaping lter with waveforms concentrated
in the time domain could be employed in the OQAM-OFDM
systems to improve the channel estimation performance and
spectral efciency.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Channel esti-
mation models are introduced for the OQAM-OFDM systems
in Section II. Then, two channel estimation methods, i.e.,
LMMSE and WLS, are proposed, respectively, in Section III.
In Section IV, the CRB and BCRB bounds are derived. In
Section V, extensive simulations are conducted and analyzed.
The conclusions are drawn in Section VI.
The notations in this paper are as follows: Upper (lower) bold
face letters denote matrices (column vectors). The superscripts
and stand for the transpose and Hermitian operators,
respectively. and are the determinant and trace oper-
ations, respectively. and are respectively the real part
and conjugate of a complex number or matrix. , and
denote the expectation, variance and covariance oper-
ator, respectively. denotes the convolution operation
of and . and represent the rst and second-order
partial derivative operators, i.e., and
.
II. CHANNEL ESTIMATION MODELS FOR OQAM-OFDM
SYSTEMS
A. OQAM-OFDM System Model
As shown in Fig. 1, we consider an equivalent baseband
system of OQAM-OFDM, in which the subcarrier number is
and subcarrier spacing is , with being the complex
symbol interval. The transmitted symbol is real-valued
with frequency index and time index , and is the in-
terval of real-valued symbols. and are obtained
by taking the real and imaginary parts of a complex-valued
symbol from -quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)
constellation, respectively. is a symmetrical real-valued
pulse shaping lter [5], [24]. Therefore, the equivalent base-
band OQAM-OFDM signal is written as
(1)
Assuming a distortion-free channel, perfect reconstruction of
real symbol is obtained owing to the following orthogo-
nality condition
(2)
where if ; and if .
Let us denote
(3)
When , , otherwise, is an imagi-
nary value.
324 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 62, NO. 2, JANUARY 15, 2014
The baseband version of the received signal could be written
as
(4)
where is the multi-path fading channel and is the com-
plex additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) with zero mean
and variance . The demodulation of the received signal at the
-th index provides a complex symbol given as
(5)
To recover the transmitted real-valued symbols, the equaliza-
tion and operation of taking real part have to be performed on
[13]. In this paper, since we mainly focus on the channel
estimation problem of the OQAM-OFDM systems, the equal-
ization and operation of taking real part are not discussed.
B. Frequency Domain Model for Channel Estimation
In an OQAM-OFDM system, the channel estimation is
different from that of the conventional OFDM systems. Most
of existing channel estimation schemes are based on the IAM
method, and they suppose that the symbol interval is much
longer than the maximum channel delay spread [12]. There-
fore, the prototype lter function has relatively low variation
over any time interval , i.e.,
(6)
For simplicity, in this paper we assume that the preamble pi-
lots have time index of 0 and they are not interfered by data
symbols due to the insertion of enough zero symbols between
the preamble pilots and data symbols. Then, the received pilot
on the -th subcarrier is obtained as [12]
(7)
where ,
represents the complex channel
frequency response at the -th subcarrier, and is the
demodulated noise at the -th position given as
(8)
With the frequency domain model given by (7), channel estima-
tion based on the IAM method is given as [12]
(9)
Obviously, when the channel delay spread is sufciently
small compared to the symbol interval, the IAM method has
good channel estimation performance. However, when the
channel delay spread is not small enough compared to the
symbol interval, the IAM method would result in a severe
performance degradation of the channel estimation.
C. Time Domain Model for Channel Estimation
In this subsection, we present a preamble-based time domain
model for channel estimation in the OQAM-OFDM systems.
The key idea is to utilize frequency domain pilots to estimate the
time domain channel impulse responses with no requirement on
the length of the symbol interval.
Substituting (1), (4) into (5), the demodulated symbol
is rewritten as
(10)
For the proposed model, the preamble pilots are
used for the channel estimation in the OQAM-OFDM systems.
In practice, the preamble pilots are interfered by the adjacent
data symbols due to the overlapping structure of the adjacent
symbols. Thus, zero symbols are usually inserted between the
preamble pilots and data symbols to reduce the interference to
an acceptable level. For simplicity, we ignore the inter-symbol
interference to preamble pilots by inserting enough zero sym-
bols between the preamble pilots and data symbols. Then, the
received pilot is obtained as
(11)
For convenience, we rewrite (11) in vector notation as
(12)
where ,
is the vector of sampled channel response, the noise vector
. is an matrix determined
by the preamble pilots and pulse shaping lter, and the element
on the -th row and -th column is given as
(13)
The proposed time domain channel estimation model could
be described in Fig. 2, where the estimated time domain channel
impulse is obtained by the transmitted frequency pilots and re-
ceived frequency pilots. Note that, since the orthogonality con-
dition (2) only holds in the real eld, the noises on adjacent
subcarriers are correlated for the OQAM-OFDM systems [18],
[23]. For noise vector , its -th element is
(14)
KONG et al.: TIME DOMAIN CHANNEL ESTIMATION 325
Fig. 2. The proposed time domain channel estimation model in the OQAM-
OFDM systems.
Since is the complex AWGN with zero mean and variance
, it is clear that follows normal distribution. Therefore,
we have the expectation of as
(15)
The variance of is
(16)
Then, the covariance of and for
is written as
(17)
Obviously, (17) shows that correlation among noises on dif-
ferent subcarriers is due to the fact that the orthogonality condi-
tion (2) only holds in the real eld, which is very different from
that of OFDM systems. Then, the covariance matrix of the noise
vector could be obtained as (18).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(18)
According to (18), the probability density function (PDF) of
is obtained as
(19)
Thus, the time domain model of (12) is an extended linear model
[26], and our aim is to get an estimate of from . Obviously,
the conventional LS method employed for OFDM systems [25]
could be readily applied
(20)
However, for the proposed extended linear model, the noise
vector in (12) is correlated, thus, the conventional LS method
is not optimal for the time domain channel estimation model
in OQAM-OFDM systems. In the following section, we will
present the optimal channel estimation schemes for the time do-
main model with taking into account the noise correlation.
III. PROPOSED LMMSE AND WLS METHODS
In this section, two channel estimators for the time domain
model, i.e., LMMSE and WLS, are obtained according to
the different levels of a priori knowledge of the channel,
respectively. When the covariance matrix of the channel is
available as a priori knowledge, the LMMSE estimator could
be obtained by minimizing the Bayesian MSE (BMSE), which
provides optimal channel estimation performance for the time
domain model. However, in practice, it is difcult to obtain
the knowledge about covariance matrix of the channel. When
channel length is the only knowledge available, the WLS
estimator is presented.
A. LMMSE Estimator
When the covariance matrix of the channel is available as a
priori knowledge, the LMMSE estimator could be obtained. In
this paper, we consider a random channel model with sample-
spaced independent Rayleigh fading paths, which has an expo-
nential power delay prole as: , ,
where is the average power of the -th path, and is the
fading factor. Thus, the covariance matrix of the channel vector
could be obtained as
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(21)
Then, the PDF of could be given as
(22)
For the time domain model (12), is the received pilot
vector, is known matrix, is Gaussian noise vector with
zero mean and covariance matrix and is the random vector
of parameters to be estimated. As a priori knowledge, the mean
and covariance of are known. Then, according to the
Bayesian Gauss-Markov theorem [26], the LMMSE estimator
326 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 62, NO. 2, JANUARY 15, 2014
of is obtained by minimizing the BMSE, and BMSE could
be dened as
(23)
where is an estimate of . Then, the LMMSE estimator of
is obtained as
(24)
Since both , and are assumed to be known for the
receiver and the dimension of is
, the complexity of the LMMSE estimator is .
B. WLS Estimator
In some cases, it is hard to obtain the accurate knowledge
about covariance matrix of the channel, whereas, the channel
length is relatively easy to obtain. When channel length is the
only knowledge available, the WLS estimator to minimize the
weighted least square error (WLSE) could be employed [26],
and WLSE is dened as
(25)
where is the weighting matrix. Then, the WLS could be
written as
(26)
Since both and are known for the receiver and the dimen-
sion of is , obviously the com-
plexity of the WLS estimator is .
If the correlation of noises is ignored, is reduced to a
diagonal matrix and the WLS estimator is reduced to the
conventional LS method. Therefore, it is predicted that the
WLS method has a performance gain over the conventional LS
method, which will be veried in the simulation section.
IV. BCRB AND CRB BOUNDS
In this section, we derive the BCRB and CRB bounds for the
time domain channel estimation model. Note that, the deriva-
tion is under the assumption that the preamble pilots are not
interfered by the adjacent data symbols. Obviously, the BCRB
and CRB bounds could be achieved by the LMMSE and WLS
methods when the channel noise is Gaussian [26], respectively.
However, in practice, the preamble pilots are interfered by the
adjacent data symbols. Therefore, the BCRB and CRB bounds
could be employed to evaluate the inuence of the data interfer-
ence on channel estimation.
A. BCRB Bound
The BCRBbound is particularly suited for the problemwhere
the estimated parameter is random with a priori knowledge
[27][29].
Suppose that is an estimate of the channel vector with
known PDF as a priori knowledge, then, we have
(27)
where is the Bayesian information matrix (BIM),
(28)
where is the joint PDF of and , and it could be
obtained as
(29)
where is the conditional PDF of the received pilots
given ,
(30)
Therefore, the BIM is obtained as
(31)
Then, the BCRB bound is
(32)
Obviously, the BCRB bound provides a lower bound on the
achievable MSE by the LMMSE estimator to utilize a priori
knowledge about the covariance matrix of the channel.
B. CRB Bound
Suppose that is an unbiased estimate of the channel vector
, then we have
(33)
where is the Fisher information matrix (FIM) as
(34)
Then, the FIM is obtained as
(35)
Therefore, the CRB bound is
(36)
The CRBbound provides a lower bound on the achievable MSE
by the WLS estimator.
KONG et al.: TIME DOMAIN CHANNEL ESTIMATION 327
Fig. 3. The frame structure of the OQAM-OFDM system.
V. SIMULATION RESULTS
In this section, the performance of the proposed LMMSE
and WLS methods are presented in terms of the normalized
MSE (NMSE). Some simulations have been conducted in the
OQAM-OFDM systems, where 128 subcarriers and 4-QAM are
employed. The pulse shaping lters are extended Gaussian func-
tion (EGF) lters with the duration of :
,
else,
(37)
where could be obtained with [30],
(38)
where , , and is
a real-valued coefcient and could be computed via the rules
described in [31]. is the Gaussian function as
(39)
A special case of EGF lter, , is called isotropic or-
thogonal transform algorithm (IOTA) function. To evaluate the
performance of the proposed LMMSE and WLS methods, three
EGF lters are employed in the simulations, i.e., IOTA, EGF1
and EGF2 and their parameters are listed in Table I. As shown
in Fig. 3, for the frame structure in the OQAM-OFDM systems,
are the preamble pilots, which are random 1 or .
The real-valued data symbol is obtained by extracting the
real or imaginary part of the corresponding complex-valued
symbol of 4-QAM constellation. To reduce the inter-symbol
interference to preamble pilots caused by data symbols,
columns of zeros are inserted between the preamble pilots and
data symbols. The interference to preamble pilots from data
symbols is smaller when is larger.
The sampling rate of the system is set to . A random
channel model with 47 sample-spaced independent Rayleigh
TABLE I
PARAMETERS OF THE EGF FILTERS.
Fig. 4. NMSE performance comparison between the WLS and IAM method,
with the IOTA lter.
fading paths is adopted in the simulations, which has an expo-
nential power delay prole as: , where and
.
Fig. 4 shows the NMSE performance comparison of the IAM
and proposed WLS methods, where the IOTA lter is employed
and , 2, 3, respectively. Both the WLS and IAM methods
exhibit performance oor at high signal to noise ratio (SNR)
when , mainly due to the inter-symbol interference to
preamble pilots caused by data symbols. As increases, the
performance oor of the WLS method decreases signicantly
along with the reduction of the inter-symbol interference.
Contrarily, the IAM method still suffers high performance oor
when . The reason is that, it indeed needs that the channel
delay spread is much less than the symbol interval in the IAM
method, Unfortunately, it is not valid in the scenario of our
simulations, which results in the NMSE performance loss for
the IAM method. In a word, the proposed channel estimation
with time domain model could outperform the IAM method,
especially when the channel delay spread is relatively large.
Fig. 5 depicts the NMSE performance of the proposed
LMMSE and WLS methods, where the BCRB and CRB
bounds are also presented for comparison. The simulations are
conducted with IOTA lter, and , 2, 3, respectively. It is
observed that, as increases, the performance of the proposed
LMMSE and WLS methods are improved signicantly. When
, the NMSE performance of the LMMSE and WLS
methods achieve the BCRB and CRB bounds, respectively.
Since is required to be as less as possible to ensure a higher
spectral efciency, we set and present in Fig. 6 the NMSE
performance of the proposed LMMSE and WLS methods with
all three lters, along with their corresponding CRB and BCRB
328 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 62, NO. 2, JANUARY 15, 2014
Fig. 5. The NMSE performance of the proposed LMMSE and WLS methods,
with the IOTA lter.
Fig. 6. The NMSE performance of the proposed LMMSE and WLS methods,
with all three lters and , along with their corresponding CRB and BCRB
bounds.
bounds. Obviously, with the EGF1 lter, the LMMSE and WLS
methods achieve the best NMSE performance of channel es-
timation. Therefore, we would suggest to use a pulse shaping
lter with waveforms concentrated in the time domain, like the
EGF1 lter, to improve the channel estimation performance and
spectral efciency.
As shown in Fig. 7, the performance of the proposed WLS
and conventional LS schemes are compared to investigate the
inuence of noise correlation upon channel estimation, where
the EGF1 lter is employed and . Obviously, the WLS
method has a signicant gain over conventional LS method at
low to moderate SNR. The simulation result demonstrates that,
the noise correlation has to be taken into account when de-
signing the channel estimation schemes for the OQAM-OFDM
systems.
Fig. 7. The NMSE performance of the proposed WLS and conventional LS
methods, with the EGF1 lter and .
Fig. 8. The NMSE performance of the proposed WLS method considering time
synchronization error, with the EGF1 lter and .
Time synchronization has a signicant inuence on the
system performance. A good channel estimator should be
able to tolerate some degree of time synchronization error.
To investigate the sensitivity of the proposed methods to time
synchronization error, the NMSE performance of the proposed
WLS is compared to the IAM method in Fig. 8, where the
EGF1 lter is employed and . The time synchronization
error is set to , and , respectively. As the time
synchronization error becomes larger, the IAM method suffers
more performance loss, which is because that the channel
spread is signicantly extended with time synchronization
error and longer channel spread results in more performance
degradation of channel estimation. However, it is interesting
to note that, the WLS exhibits a small gain at high SNR when
the time synchronization error increases. The reason is that the
data symbols have smaller interference to preamble pilots with
synchronization errors given in the simulation. In conclusion,
KONG et al.: TIME DOMAIN CHANNEL ESTIMATION 329
compared to the IAM method, the WLS is more robust to time
synchronization error.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, we have presented a general time domain
model for channel estimation in the OQAM-OFDM systems.
Then, two channel estimators, i.e., the LMMSE and WLS, were
proposed, which could achieve the BCRB and CRB bounds,
respectively. The major advantages of the proposed channel es-
timation model include: the channel statistic information, which
could be obtained in advance, could be employed to improve
channel estimation; and the proposed model does not require
the symbol interval to be much longer than the maximum
channel delay spread, resulting in the OQAM-OFDM systems
could use less number of subcarriers or shorter symbol interval
than those using frequency domain methods. Therefore, the
proposed channel estimation method has less computational
complexity and greater capability of adapting to fast channel
variations. Furthermore, it has also been demonstrated that the
proposed methods are more robust to time synchronization
error compared to the conventional IAM method, and the pulse
shaping lter with waveforms concentrated in the time domain,
could be employed in the OQAM-OFDM systems to improve
the channel estimation performance and spectral efciency.
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Dejin Kong received the B.S. degree fromHuazhong
University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R.
China, in 2011.
He is currently working towards the Ph.D. degree
at Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
Wuhan. His current research interests include the
areas of wireless communications, especially for
FBMC systems with emphasis on channel estima-
tion.
330 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 62, NO. 2, JANUARY 15, 2014
Daiming Qu received the Ph.D. degree in in-
formation and communication engineering from
Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
Wuhan, China, in 2003.
He is currently a Professor in the Department of
Electronics and Information Engineering, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology. His current
research interests include signal processing, coding,
and dynamic spectrum techniques for wireless com-
munications.
Tao Jiang (M06SM10) received the Ph.D. degree
in information and communication engineering from
the Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
Wuhan, China, in 2004.
He is currently a Full Professor with the Wuhan
National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Depart-
ment of Electronics and Information Engineering,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
He has authored and coauthored over 100 technical
papers in major journals and conferences and ve
books/chapters in the areas of communications. His
current research interests include the areas of wireless communications and
corresponding signal processing, especially cognitive wireless access, OFDM
and MIMO, cooperative networks, and smart grids.
Dr. Jiang has served or is serving as a Symposium Technical Program Com-
mittee Member of many major IEEE conferences, including INFOCOM, ICC,
and GLOBECOM, etc. He has been invited to serve as the TPC Symposium
Co-Chair for the IEEE GLOBECOM 2013 and IEEEE WCNC 2013, and as a
General Co-Chair for the Workshop of M2M Communications and Networking
in conjunction with IEEE INFOCOM 2011. He has served or is serving as
an Associate Editor of some technical journals in communications, including
IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials and the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY. He has served as a Guest Editor of the IEEE Com-
munications Surveys and Tutorials for Special Issue on energy and smart grid.
He was a recipient of the Best Paper Awards in IEEE CHINACOM09 and
WCSP09. He is a member of the IEEE Communication Society, IEEE Vehic-
ular Technology Society, IEEE Broadcasting Society, IEEE Signal Processing
Society, and IEEE Circuits and Systems Society.