1.

- It remains to select the size, weight and grade of the strings (liners or casings)
to be run to the shoe depths.
Design End Result
The final design should include the following:
Size, weight and grade
Connection type
Material requirements (e.g. other required equipment)
Inspection requirements (e.g. corrosion monitoring)
Operational procedures and precautions (e.g. ID restrictions, capacity
limitations)
2.- CONDUCTOR PIPE
Depending on the depth of the surface sediments, the setting depth of the pipe
may range from less than
100 feet to 400 feet below the mud line / surface.
CONDUCTOR
To cover unconsolidated formations:
Offshore = To connect BOP and carry subsequent casing string.
Onshore, this function is normally assumed by the surface casing
string.
Depth
Support subsequent casing strings and well head equipment.
Provide a circulation system for the drilling mud without leak of mud
at the casing shoe
during the next drilling phase.
Equipment
Onshore: 20" a 42" pipes with quick make up or easy run
connections
SURFACE CASING
Planned setting depth determined
by anticipated hole instability, lost
circulation problems and to
protect fresh water sands (land
based).
Surface casing must provide
sufficient fracture strength to allow
drilling the next hole interval with
a sufficient kick tolerance.
The casing is pressure tested and
the shoe is tested to a maximum
anticipated pressure or to leak-off
Structural Support for WH and
BOP.
SURFACE CASING
Role:
To prevent caving of weak formation.
To isolate thief zones or shallow aquifers.
To protect build-up sections of deviated wells.
To protect against shallow blowouts.
Onshore, connection of BOP and supports subsequent casing
string.
Types:
Seamless (hot working steel) or electric-welded
12 to 15 m long with threaded coupling API connection, quick make
up or easy run
3.-
CONNECTIONS
MATERIALS
Source: Viking Engineering. Casing Design.
API
8 Round: NUE (non-upset end), EUE (external upset end), STC (short
threaded
and coupled), and LTC (long threaded and coupled)
BTC (buttress thread casing)
Extreme Line
Standards and Specifications
Low Cost
The EL connection is the only API connection that has a metal to metal
seal at the end of the
pin and at the external shoulder of the connection, whereas all of the
other API connections
rely upon the thread compound, used to make up the connection, to seal
off the leak path
between the threads of the connection.
PROPRIETARY (premium)
No Standards
Improved performance: resistance, sealing, running
Higher Cost
4.-
5.- The primary consideration is to prevent failure of the formation
below the casing
shoe and to ensure the open hole section remains intact for all of
the anticipated
load conditions.
MUD WINDOW: maximum and minimum MW always
between PP and FG preliminary shoe depths
KICK TOLERANCE
The location, or depth, at which drilling an interval of a particular diameter
hole stops, so that
casing of a given size can be run and cemented.
The casing point may be a predetermined depth, or it may be selected onsite
according to
geological observations or dictated by problems in the open hole section.
In many cases, underpressure or weak zones must be protected by casing to
enable mud-weight
adjustments that control unstable formations or overpressure zones deeper in the
wellbore.
The choice of setting depths for all the casing strings is a vital part of the well
planning process.
An incorrect decision with the casing setting depths too shallow could have
serious consequences.
An unnecessarily deep setting depth could have adverse economic
consequences when
considering the extra time needed to drill the hole deeper and the extra amount of
casing required
to be run and cement.
The selection of deeper casing setting depths will use different criteria to those
used for shallow
casing seats.
6.-
7.-
ApYp Pbody =
= 0.7854(7^2-6.184^2)*55000
9.-
10