VIDEO IN MULTIMEDIA

MPT 1203: TECNOLOGY & MEDIA DESIGN

VIDEO IN MULTIMEDIA
Department of Educational Multimedia Department of Educational Multimedia
Faculty of Education, UTM Faculty of Education, UTM
Task of Today (Video Analysis)
In groups of 3, log-on into Youtube and Eduwebtv
website website.
Search the video that related to any subjects in
education for example Science (Photosynthesis, p ( y ,
Chemical Bonds or etc), English (Nouns or
Adjectives) or etc.
Disc ss the instr ctional elements in the ideo Discuss the instructional elements in the video.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the
video especially for learning. p y g
Embed the Youtube code to the e-learning.
Send the link of EduwebTV to the e-learning.
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Present the outcomes to the class at the end to the
session.
CONTENT OUTLINE
Introduction to Digital Video
1
Acquiring Video Files
2
Advantages Of Digital Video
3
Digital Video: Quality Vs File Size
4
Digital Video: File Formats
5
Digital Video: Editing Tools
6
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Digital Video: Editing Tools
6
INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL VIDEO
MPT 1203: TECNOLOGY & MEDIA DESIGN
INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL VIDEO
Department of Educational Multimedia Department of Educational Multimedia
Faculty of Education, UTM Faculty of Education, UTM
INTRODUCTION
The embedding of video in multimedia
li ti i f l t applications is a powerful way to convey
information which can incorporate a personal
element which other media lack.
Video enhances, dramatizes, and gives impact to
lti di li ti your multimedia application.
Your audience will better understand the message Your audience will better understand the message
of your application with the adequate and
carefully planned integration of video.
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INTRODUCTION
The advantage of integrating video into a
multimedia presentation is the capacity to
effectively convey a great deal of information in
the least amount of time the least amount of time.
Motion integrated with sound is a key for your Motion integrated with sound is a key for your
audience's understanding. It also increase the
retention of the presented information
(knowledge).
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MPT 1203: TECNOLOGY & MEDIA DESIGN
ACQUIRING VIDEO FILES
Department of Educational Multimedia Department of Educational Multimedia
Faculty of Education, UTM Faculty of Education, UTM
DIGITIZING THE VIDEO SIGNAL
There are two basic approaches to delivering
video on a computer screen analogue and
digital video.
Analogue video is essentially a product of the
television industry and therefore conforms to television industry and therefore conforms to
television standards.
Digital video is a product of the computing industry
and therefore conforms to digital data standards.
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DIGITIZING THE VIDEO SIGNAL
Video, like audio. Is usually recorded and played
l i l It t th f b di iti d as an analog signal. It must therefore be digitized
in order to be incorporated into a multimedia title.
How?
Capture from analog camera or tape sources
Transfer from digital sources (i.e. Firewire)
Or
Video clip collections (CD Internet etc ) Video clip collections (CD, Internet, etc.)
Other output from software packages such as
screen captures, etc.
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DIGITIZING THE VIDEO SIGNAL
A video source, such as video camera, VCR, TV, or
videodisc, is connected to a video capture card in
a computer.
As the video source is played, the analog signal is
sent to the video capture card and converted into sent to the video capture card and converted into
a digital file that is stored on the hard drive.
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ACQUISITION SCHEMES
Analog Capture
Analog Tape
Storage
Vid t C t C d
Storage
Video to Capture Card
Audio to Sound Card
Set screen size
Set number of frames
Digitize by Card
Set number of frames
Set file format
Set compression
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Digitize by Card
Set audio parameters
TRANSFER PROTOCOL FOR DV
Di it l Digital
Device
Firewire
IEEE 1394 IEEE 1394
T f C d
Video File
To Disk
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Transfer Card
ACQUISITION SCHEMES
Digital Transfer
Digital Tape
Firewire to Card Firewire to Card
Source provides
Digital signals
Storage
g g
Card only
transfers
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ACQUISITION SCHEMES
An analog to digital
(and digital to analog) conversion
ft ti b d i i !
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can often time be made via wires!
MPT 1203: TECNOLOGY & MEDIA DESIGN
ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL VIDEO
Department of Educational Multimedia Department of Educational Multimedia
Faculty of Education, UTM Faculty of Education, UTM
ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL VIDEO
It can be easily edited.
Analog video, such as a videotape, is linear;
there is a beginning middle and end If you there is a beginning, middle, and end. If you
want to edit it, you need to continually rewind,
pause, and fast forward the tape to display the p , p p y
desired frames.
Digitized video allows random access to any
part of the video, and editing can be as easy as
the cut and paste process in a word processing
program
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program.
ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL VIDEO
Other advantages:
It can be copied with no loss in quality, and also
can be transmitted over standard computer can be transmitted over standard computer
networks.
Unlike analog video digital video requires Unlike analog video, digital video requires
neither a video board in the computer nor an
external device (which adds extra costs and
complexity) such as a videodisc player.
In addition, adding special effects such as fly-in
titl d t iti i l ti l i l
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titles and transitions is relatively simple.
DIGITAL VIDEO:
MPT 1203: TECNOLOGY & MEDIA DESIGN
DIGITAL VIDEO:
QUALITY vs FILE SIZE
Department of Educational Multimedia Department of Educational Multimedia
Faculty of Education, UTM Faculty of Education, UTM
QUALITY VS SIZE FILE
Digitized video files can be extremely large. A
i l d f hi h lit l id th t single second of high-quality color video that
takes up only one-quarter of a computer screen
can be as large as 1 MB. can be as large as 1 MB.
Several elements determine the file size; in
addition to the length of the video, these
include :
Frame Rate
Image Size
Color Depth
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Audio Capture Rate
QUALITY VS SIZE FILE
Frame Rate
Number of images displayed within a specified
amount of time to convey a sense of motion. amount of time to convey a sense of motion.
Usually measured in frames per second
Standard video movie 30 fps, movie film 24
fps
Video digital at least 15 fps
Anything less results in a jerky motion as the Anything less results in a jerky motion, as the
eye detects the changes from one frame to the
next.
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QUALITY VS SIZE FILE
Frame Rate
Number of captured video frames determines
overall file size. overall file size.
More Larger
Frames Files
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QUALITY VS SIZE FILE
Frame Size
Frame size: the height and width of each
individual frame or image individual frame or image.
Digital video at 640 by 480 (or more) requires a
significant investment in image storage and significant investment in image storage and
processing power.
As a rule, specify a smaller frame size in video. p y
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FRAME OR DISPLAY SIZE
640 X 480
Full Screen Full Screen
160 X 120
320 X 240
240 X 180 0 80
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QUALITY VS SIZE FILE
Frame Size
Frame sizes always maintain an aspect ratio of
4:3 to reflect the resolution of computer monitors 4:3 to reflect the resolution of computer monitors
and resolutions.
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QUALITY VS SIZE FILE
Frame Size
Common frame sizes utilized when presenting
digital video in multimedia products include: digital video in multimedia products include:
640 by 480, full screen VGA display 640 by 480, full screen VGA display
320 by 240, quarter of a VGA display
240 by 180, about a sixth of a VGA display
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QUALITY VS SIZE FILE
Color Depth
Digitized video is really made up of a series of
still graphic bitmaps. still graphic bitmaps.
Hence the quality of a video is dependent on
the color quality (related to the number of
l ) f h bit ) colors) for each bitmap).
An 8-bit color depth provides 256 colors.
16-bit provides more than 64 000 colors 16-bit provides more than 64, 000 colors
24-bit provides over 16 million colors.
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QUALITY VS SIZE FILE
Color Depth
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QUALITY VS SIZE FILE
Audio Capture Rate
More Larger
Audio
Data
Video
Files
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QUALITY VS SIZE FILE
Using the following formula, you can estimate
th fil i f 1 d f di iti d id the file size of 1 second of digitized video:
File size Frame size x frame rate x color depth File size = Frame size x frame rate x color depth
/ 8 x time
Where:
Frame size =image size ( width * height in pixels)
Frame rate = frames per second
Color depth = measured in bit
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time = time in seconds
QUALITY VS SIZE FILE
Thus 1 second of a video at a frame rate of 15
f ith f i f 320 240 d l fps, with a frame size of 320 x 240 and a color
depth of 24 bits, would equal a file size of 3.5
MB. MB.
This means that a single CD could hold only g y
three minutes of digitized video with the stated
frame rate, frame size, and color depth.
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DIGITAL VIDEO:
MPT 1203: TECNOLOGY & MEDIA DESIGN
DIGITAL VIDEO:
COMPRESSION
Department of Educational Multimedia Department of Educational Multimedia
Faculty of Education, UTM Faculty of Education, UTM
VIDEO COMPRESSION
Because of the large sizes associated with
id fil id i /d i video files, video compression/decompression
programs, known as codecs, have been
developed. developed.
These programs can substantially reduce the p g y
size of video files, which means that more video
can fit on a single CD and that the speed of
t f i id f CD t th t transferring video from a CD to the computer
can be increased.
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VIDEO COMPRESSION
Compression:
The process of removing or restructuring data to
decrease file size.
Ideally compression must achieve a balance Ideally, compression must achieve a balance
between controlling data rate and maintaining
picture/display quality. p / p y q y
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VIDEO COMPRESSION
There are two types of compression:
Lossless compression
Lossy compression
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VIDEO COMPRESSION
Lossless Compression
Lossless compression preserves the exact
image throughout the compression and image throughout the compression and
decompression process.
An example of when this is important is in the
f t t i T t d t use of text images. Text needs to appear
exactly the same before and after file
compression.
One technique for text compression is to
identify repeating words and assign them a
code
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code.
VIDEO COMPRESSION
Lossy Compression
Lossy compression actually eliminates some of
the data in the image and therefore provides the data in the image and therefore provides
greater compression ratios than lossless
compression.
Th t th i ti h th The greater the compression ratio, however, the
poorer the decompressed image. Thus, the
trade-off is file size versus image quality.
Lossy compression is applied to video because
some drop in the quality is not noticeable in
moving images
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moving images.
VIDEO COMPRESSION
Lossless Compression
For example, if the word multimedia appears
several times in a text file it would be assigned several times in a text file, it would be assigned
a code that takes up less space than the actual
word.
During decompression, the code would be
changed back to the word multimedia.
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MPT 1203: TECNOLOGY & MEDIA DESIGN
DIGITAL VIDEO: FILE FORMATS
Department of Educational Multimedia Department of Educational Multimedia
Faculty of Education, UTM Faculty of Education, UTM
VIDEO FILE FORMATS
Digital video is developed in a variety of file
f t hi h h ifi t d d f h formats which have specific standards for how
data is organized, stored, delivered, and
viewed. viewed.
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VIDEO FILE FORMATS
Common Video Format
.avi : Short for audio/video interleaved. Run on
Windows Windows.
.mov: These movie file types are based on the
Quicktime (QT) system Macintosh good Quicktime (QT) system. Macintosh, good
compress scheme. Can run on Windows.
.mpeg : Motion Picture Expert Group. p g p p
Compression technique is "lossy. MPEG-2 is a
common DVD format.
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VIDEO FILE FORMATS
Common Video Format
.wmv (video) or .wma (audio) : Windows Media
Format Format.
.rm:Real Media files (Streaming video).
asf : Advanced Streaming FormatDeveloped .asf : Advanced Streaming FormatDeveloped
by Microsoft as a multimedia successor to AVI
and other individual media file formats.
.flv: Flash Video
.dv: Digital Video
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VIDEO EDITING TOOLS
MPT 1203: TECNOLOGY & MEDIA DESIGN
VIDEO EDITING TOOLS
Department of Educational Multimedia Department of Educational Multimedia
Faculty of Education, UTM Faculty of Education, UTM
VIDEO EDITING TOOLS
Video Editor
Windows Movie Maker
iMovie
Sony Vegas
Ul d Vid St di Ulead Video Studio
Adobe Premiere 6
A i X Avis Xpress
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Wrap Up
iMovie
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FinalCut Pro
VIDEO EDITING TOOLS
Video editing software is capable of:
Compressing raw digital video to much smaller
files files
Copying, cutting, pasting, and deleting video
frames from a video file frames from a video file
Combining frames from two or more video data
sources
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VIDEO EDITING TOOLS
Video editing software is capable of:
Changing the size or frame rate of the video
data segment data segment
Editing the audio by removing, copying, or
adding to it adding to it
Adding special effects to video clips such as
titles or transitions between video segments g
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jharun@utm.my