Thermochemistry Worksheet Energy changes involving phase

changes
Sample Problem: How much energy is needed to convert 23.0 grams of ice at -10.0 C into steam at 109 C?
When solving ro!lems involving hase changes" it is helful to
draw a diagram to visuali#e the different stes involved.
$ach of these stes %1-&' is associated with an energy change that
is reflected in a calculation.
(te 1) *f we start !y loo+ing at melting a secific amount of ice" the
amount of heat needed to !ring the ice u to 0 C is calculated !y
the e,uation H=mCT with)
H - amount of energy %.'
m - mass %grams'
C - secific heat caacity" Cice = 2.10 J/g C
/ - change in temerature % C'
(o" for this samle ro!lem) H - 23.0 grams 2.10 .0g C 10 C - 483 J
(te 2) /he ne1t ste occurs while the ice is melting. /here is no temerature change so we cannot use the same e,uation
as !efore. 2 articular amount of ice ta+es a constant amount of heat to melt it. /his energy is used to !rea+ those hydrogen
!onds that hold the water in the crystal structure that ma+es it ice. /his amount of heat is called the heat %or enthaly' of
fusion. Heat of fusion" Hfus = 334 J/g for water.
23.0 grams 333 .0g - 7682 J
(te 3) 4uring this ste there is a temerature change again" so we use the same e,uation as in (te 1" H-mC/ to
calculate the energy changes. However" we are now wor+ing with a different state of matter" li,uid water" so the secific
heat value is different. Cwater = 4.18 J/g C. /he temerature change is the difference !etween the melting oint and the
!oiling oint" so 0 C to 100 C.
(olving this ste" we get H - 23.0 grams 3.15 .0g C 100 C - 9614 J
(te 3) While the water is !oiling" the temerature does not change. /he heat of apor!"at!o# is the amount of energy it
ta+es to vaori#e a articular ,uantity of a su!stance. 6or water" Hap = 22$0 J/g.
23.0 grams 2270 .0g - 51980 J
(te &) 8nce the water is in the gas hase" a temerature change occurs again to increase the steam from 100 C to
109 C" so the e,uation H-mC/ is used once more. However" we9re using a different state of matter now" water vaor"
so the secific heat value is Csteam = 1.%0 J/g C.
(olving this last ste" H - 23.0 grams 1.:0 .0g C 9 C - 351.9 J
;ow" add all & stes together. 2t the end you should ro!a!ly convert to +..
353 . %ste 1' < :752 . %ste 2' < 9713 . %ste 3' < &1950 . %ste 3' < 3&1.9 . %ste &' - 70110.9 J or 70.1 kJ
Not all problems will go through all 5 steps. iagram it out a!" #hoose the appropriate o!es.
Pra&t!&e Problems:
$se the %alues gi%e! o! the pre%ious page &or sol%i!g these problems.
1. Calculate the heat needed to raise 2:.0 g of water from 10.0 =C to 90.0 =C.
2. How many +. are re,uired to heat 3&.0 g of H28 at 2&.0=C and then !oil it all away?
3. Calculate the amount of energy used when 33.3 grams of ice at 0.00 =C is converted to steam at 1&0.0 =C.
3. How many >oules of heat are needed to change &0.0 grams of ice at -1&.0 =C to steam at 120.0 =C?
&. Calculate the num!er of >oules given off when 32.0 grams of steam cools from 110.0 =C to ice at -30.0 =C.
7. How much energy is re,uired to convert 100.0 g of water at 20.0 =C comletely to steam at 100.0 =C?
:. What amount of ice must !e added to &30.0 g of water at 2&.0 =C to cool the water to 0.0 =C and have no ice
5. Consider the ractice ro!lem on the front and the calculated values for each ste. ;ow loo+ at the heating0cooling
curve diagram in the uer right hand corner. What9s wrong with this diagram?