Ch.

2 page 1 of 3
CHAPTER 2
KINEMATICS IN ONE DIMENSION

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9. REASONING Since the woman runs for a known distance at a known constant speed, we
can find the time it takes for her to reach the water from Equation 2.1. We can then use
Equation 2.1 to determine the total distance traveled by the dog in this time.

SOLUTION The time required for the woman to reach the water is

woman
woman
4.0 km 1000 m
Elapsed time = 1600 s
2.5 m/s 1.0 km
d
v

= =




In 1600 s, the dog travels a total distance of

3
dog dog
(4.5 m/s)(1600 s) = 7.2 10 m d v t = =

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27. REASONING Since the belt is moving with constant velocity, the displacement
( x
0
= 0 m) covered by the belt in a time t
belt
is giving by Equation 2.2 (with x
0
assumed to
be zero) as

x = v
belt
t
belt

(1 )

Since Clifford moves with constant acceleration, the displacement covered by Clifford in a
time t
Cliff
is, from Equation 2.8,

x = v
0
t
Cliff
+
1
2
at
Cliff
2
=
1
2
at
Cliff
2
(2 )

The speed v
belt
with which the belt of the ramp is moving can be found by eliminating x
between Equations (1) and (2).

SOLUTION Equating the right hand sides of Equations (1) and (2), and noting that
t
Cliff
=
1
4
t
belt
, we have
( )
2
1 1
belt belt belt 2 4
v t a t =

2
1 1
belt belt 32 32
(0.37 m/s )(64 s) = 0.74 m/s v at = =

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53. REASONING AND SOLUTION The stone requires a time, t
1
, to reach the bottom of the
hole, a distance y below the ground. Assuming downward to be the positive direction, the
variables are related by Equation 2.8 with v
0
= 0 m/s:

Ch. 2 page 2 of 3

y =
1
2
at
1
2

(1 )

The sound travels the distance y from the bottom to the top of the hole in a time t
2
. Since
the sound does not experience any acceleration, the variables y and t
2
are related by
Equation 2.8 with a = 0 m/s
2
and v
sound
denoting the speed of sound:

sound 2
y v t =

(2)

Equating the right hand sides of Equations (1) and (2) and using the fact that the total
elapsed time is t = t
1
+ t
2
, we have

2 2 1 1
1 sound 2 1 sound 1 2 2
or ( ) at v t at v t t = =


Rearranging gives
2 1
1 sound 1 sound 2
0 at v t v t + =


Substituting values and suppressing units for brevity, we obtain the following quadratic
equation for t
1
:
4.90t
1
2
+ 343t
1
514 = 0



From the quadratic formula, we obtain

2
1
343 (343) 4(4.90)(514)
1.47 s or 71.5 s
2(4.90)
t

= =


The negative time corresponds to a nonphysical result and is rejected. The depth of the hole
is then found using Equation 2.8 with the value of t
1
obtained above:

( )( )
2 2 2
1 1
0 1 1 2 2
0 m/s 1.47 s (9.80 m/s )(1.47 s) = 10.6 m y v t at = + = +

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67. REASONING AND SOLUTION
a. The magnitude of the acceleration can be found from Equation 2.4 (v = v
0
+ at) as

2
0
3.0 m/s 0 m/s
1.5 m/s
2.0 s
v v
a
t

= = =


b. Similarly the magnitude of the acceleration of the car is


Ch. 2 page 3 of 3
2 0
41.0 m/s 38.0 m/s
1.5 m/s
2.0 s
v v
a
t

= = =


c. Assuming that the acceleration is constant, the displacement covered by the car can be
found from Equation 2.9 (v
2
= v
0
2
+ 2ax):

2 2 2 2
0
2
(41.0 m/s) (38.0 m/s)
79 m
2 2(1.5 m/s )
v v
x
a

= = =


Similarly, the displacement traveled by the jogger is

x =
v
2
v
0
2
2a
=
(3.0 m/s)
2
(0 m/s)
2
2(1.5 m/s
2
)
= 3.0 m


Therefore, the car travels 79 m 3.0 m = 76 m further than the jogger.
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