Piling Work

Precast Concrete Piles

A. GENERAL
Precast Concrete Piles shall be obtainable from approved Suppliers/manufacturers.
All concrete piles used shall be precast concrete piles and shall generall !ith "ritish
Standard Code of Practice CP #$$% & '()# *+oundations, unless specified in this
section of the preambles.
". P-LE S-.ES AN/ /ES-GN
0he respective !or1ing load and dimensions of the piles are set out in the Engineer2s
/ra!ings or as directed b the Engineer.
C. PRECAS0 C3NCRE0E /ES-GN
0he precast concrete piles shall be s4uare section and manufactured under factor
controlled conditions b an approved manufacturer. 0he piles shall be designed to
conform !ith the relevant "ritish Standard. 0he grade of concrete shall be Grade %5
6%5 N/mm
#
7 and the main reinforcing bars shall consists of high tensile deformed bars
to conform to ".S. %%%(.
All starter piles shall be complete !ith a flat steel plate fitted at the toe and a female
8ointing plate for pile e9tension at the other end. :here piles are re4uired to penetrate
roc1; cast iron shoes or roc1 shoes shall be fitted at the toe.
/. C3NCRE0E
Aggregate:
Coarse aggregate shall be crushed granite not containing an deleterious material;
mud; salts; organic matter of e9cessive fine.
0he ma9imum nominal si<e of the coarse aggregate shall not e9ceed =$mm or #/5 the
!all thic1ness of the pile !hichever is less.
+ine aggregates shall be clean river sand or !ashed mining sand passing ".S. sieve
No.).
Cement:
Cement shall be ordinar Portland cement to ".S. '#.
Water:
:ater used for producing concrete shall be free of oil; acid; salts; organic matter or
anthing that ma produce harmful reactions !ith the cement or steel. -n particular it
shall not contain an chloride or nitrate ions.
Admixtures:
Admi9tures ma be used provided the shall not contain an chloride or nitrate ions.
A. L-+0-NG P3-N0S
No special lifting bolt or !ire rope is cast into P.C. piles. Lifting is been !rapping
!ire rope round the piles at specific points.
". :EL/-NG
All !elding shall be carried out in accordance !ith the re4uirements of ".S.
5'=5&'()% >?etal@Arc :elding of carbon and carbon@manganese Steel.
0he Contractor shall suppl the S.3. !ith full details of his proposed method of
!elding and shall; if re4uired; arrange for a demonstration. 0he Contractor shall
emplo not less than t!o teams of !elders.
C. 0ES0S +3R APPR3AAL 3+ :EL/ERS
0he Contractor shall arrange for his !elders to be 4ualified in accordance !ith the
re4uirements of A:S Code /'.'. 3nl !elders !ho pass the 4ualifing tests for the
tpe of !eld specified shall be emploed on the :or1s.
/. EBA?-NA0-3N 3+ :EL/S
3ne hundred percent of the fillet !elds shall be tested using magnetic particle or de
penetration test methods. Copies of these tests records and reports shall be furnished
to the S.3. 0he cost of these tests and reports shall be borne b the Contractor.
:here such e9amination reveals defects in the !elds; the 8oints !ill either be re8ected
or the Contractor !ill be permitted to carr out repairs to the !eld and !ill be re@
tested as specified above and re4uired to submit at is e9pense. -f the repeat tests sho!
the !eld to be still defective; the 8oint shall be re8ected. 0he defective !eld shall be
removed; replaced !ith a fresh !eld and re@e9amined.
+or the purpose of this Clause; crac1s; lea1s; laminations; lac1 of complete fusion;
undercutting or reduction in !all thic1ness ad8acent to the !eld shall constitute a
defect be permitted for a pile.
A. 0R-AL P-LES
0he Contractor shall as soon as practicable after the acceptance of his tender; drive
and test trial piles either singl or in groups in permanent position as directed b the
S.3. 0he trial pile shall be in conformit !ith the re4uirements of the relevant clauses
in the Specification.
-f the pile is re4uired to be e9tend; the Contractor shall 8oint an e9tension pile as
sho!n to the length as directed b the S.3.
After 8oining; the e9tension pile shall be driven to the site re4uired and further load
test shall be carried out.
0he Contractor2s attention is particularl dra!n to the fact that he !ill not be eligible
for an e9tra pament for loss of time for labour or idling plant etc. during this period.
:here positions of test piles are not sho!n on dra!ing; the shall be decided b the
S.3. on site.
". CAN/L-NG
Piles shall be carefull handled and lifted in strictl accordance to manufacturer2s
re4uirement and shall not be 8olted or stac1ed in a manner !hich !ill sub8ect them to
bending. All piles damaged during handling; driving on at an other times shall be
replaced at the Contractor2s e9pense.
A. P-0CC-NG AN/ /R-A-NG AER0-CAL P-LES
Piles shall be pitched accuratel in the positions and driven to the appropriate lines
and levels sho!n on the /ra!ings. Piles ma be suitable constrained to maintain their
correct position b means of gus or guides but no pile !hich has been deflected from
its course; or has been !rongl aligned shall be forcibl brought bac1 to correct
alignment. :here piles are driven belo! the level of the bottom of the leads of the
pile frame; e9tension lead shall be fitted. 0he use of a follo!er !ill not be permitted
e9cept !ith the !ritten approval of the S.3.
/uring driving the heads of the piles shall be protected b a helmet of cast steel or
mild steel fitting closel around the pile. A pac1ing of coiled hemp or asbestos fibre;
', thic1; covering the head of the pile; shall be contained !ithin the helmet and
separate the helmet from the head of the pile. 0he top of the helmet shall be recessed
and fitted !ith a timber stub foll ' foot long. 0he pac1ing and stub doll shall be
rene!ed as often as necessar to revent damage to the piles. 0he tpe of helmet
specified above ma be modified at the discretion of the S.3.
0he Contractor shall maintain a record of the driving of all piles giving sets and other
data re4uired b the Superintending officer to !hom the records shall be submitted on
re4uest. All piles shall be driven to the depth sho!n on the /ra!ings or to such final
set or depth as ma be approved b the S.3. -mmediatel after a pile has been
completel driven a record shall be made of he reduced level of the pile head and
further chec1s shall be made on the level of the head after the driving of ad8acent
piles. Should an pile heave up!ards it shall be re@driven to its original level or; if
necessar; until its specified set is again obtained.
". PLAN0 +3R P-LE /R-A-NG
0he plant used for pile driving shall be such tpe and capacit as meets the approval
of the S.3.
A. L3A/ 0ES0
Soon after the driving of the test piles and before the bul1 of the piles are cast; the
Contractor shall arrange to carr out a load test on one of these piles and such further
test loading as the S.3 ma order. 0he test load shall be applied in an approved
manner and in stages so that observations of the settlement can be recorded at
different increments of load. 0he test load shall be t!o times the design load as
indicated on the /ra!ing. 0he applied load shall be maintained for such periods as
the S.3. ma direct. An increment in load shall not be applied until all movement of
the pile under the previous load has ceased. :hen the ma9imum test load is reached;
this shall be maintained for a minimum period if #% hours after all movements have
ceased. 0he loads shall be removed in stages as directed as directed b the S.3. and
the recover of the pile settlement; if an; shall be recorded at each stage.
3n completion of the load test; the S.3. !ill instruct the Contractor on the lengths of
piles to be cast and the set to !hich the remainder of the piles are to be driven.
/uring the course of the driving the rest of the piles; the S.3. !ill select further piles
for load test and the Contractor shall carr out the test as above described. 0he
residual settlement of the piles under full test load shall not e9ceed D,.
-f the settlement of an pile e9ceeds the specified limit; the contractor shall carr out
three further tests on piles selected b the S.3. for each failure and the cost of
carring out these additional tests shall be borne b the Contractor.
". /E+EC0-AE P-LES
0he method used in driving piles shall not sub8ect them to e9cessive and undue abuse
producing crushing and spalling on concrete. ?anipulation of piles to force them into
proper position; if considered b the S.3. to be e9cessive; !ill be permitted. An pile
damaged in driving b reason of internal defects; or b improper driving; or driven
out of its proper location in e9cess of the allo!able tolerance; or driven belo! the
elevation fi9ed b the /ra!ings or b the S.3. shall be corrected b the Contractor
!ithout added compensation of one of the follo!ing methods approved b the S.3.
for the pile in 4uestion&
'7 0he pile shall be !ithdra!n and replaced b a ne! and; !hen necessar;
longer pile.
#7 A second pile shall be driven ad8acent to the defective pile. As re4uired b
design consideration to be determined b the S.3.; all additional !or1
necessar shall be carried out; including provision of a third pile and an
alteration to pile caps.
=7 0he pile shall be spliced or built up as other!ise provided herein or a
sufficient portion of the footing e9tends to properl embed the pile. All piles
pushed up b the driving of ad8acent piles or b an other cause shall be
driven do!n again. A pile !ill be considered defective if it has a visible crac1;
or crac1s; e9tending around the entire peripher of the pile or through the !all
or the pile; or an defect !hich; as determined b the S.3.; affects the strength
or life of the pile.
A. CE00-NG 3++ AN/ CAPP-NG P-LES
0ops of foundation piles shall be embedded in the concrete footing or pile cap; a
minimum depth of '5$mm 6measured at centre line of pile7 unless other!ise sho!n
on the /ra!ings. Piles shall be cut off level or as sho!n on the dra!ings; at the
elevation indicated on the /ra!ings. 0he length of pile cut@off shall be sufficient to
permit the removal of all damaged material. 0he distance from the side of an pile the
nearest edge of the footing shall be as sho!n on the /ra!ings. 0hen the top elevation
of pile is belo! the elevation of the bottom of the cap; the pile; shall; if approved b
the S.3. be built up from the butt of the pile to the elevation of the bottom of the cap
b approved method. 0he cuts shall be made accuratel in clean; straight linesF care
shall be e9ercised to avoid damaging the remaining pile and to ensure full bearing
bet!een the footings 6or caps7 and piles.
0he piles cut@off lengths; if not re4uired b the S.3.; shall be dispose b the
Contractor from the Site at the Contractor2s e9pense.
0he Contractor shall submit to the S.3. for approval his proposed method of cutting
off piles.
Piles shall be driven in accordance !ith the specified criteria and as ordered b the
S.3.; and shall not overdriven to avoid cutting off; !ithout the approval of the S.3.
0he cast@in@place non@shrin1 concrete cap shall not be poured until the inside of the
precast pile has been inspected b the S.3. and his approval is obtained.
A. EN-0 RA0ES
0he pa length for deliver; transport; and suppl of the piles shall be the length
bet!een the toes of pile to e9isting platform level.
0he pa length for driven shall be measured from the length bet!een the toes of pile
to e9isting platform level.
0he rate for cutting off pile hall include for carting a!a the surplus length from site.
". P-LES 3E0 3+ AL-GN?EN0
A ma9imum deviation of =in. 6)5mm7 from the location as sho!n on the dra!ings
shall be permitted. 0he ma9imum deviation from the vertical shall not e9ceed '.=
percent on an section of the length. 0he cut@off level shall be !ithin 'in. 6#5mm7 to
that sho!n on the dra!ing.
Piles not meeting these tolerances !ill be re8ected and corrective measures shall be
approved b the S.3. -f an one re8ected pile re4uires one or more replacement piles
onl one pile shall be measured for pament.
0he e9tra cost for modifing the sub@structure !or1s shall be borne b the Contractor
if in the opinion of the S.3. such variation has been occasioned b the in@competenc
and/or negligence of the Contractor.