Waste Generation - India MSW generated in India 2012 68.8 million TPY
50% increase in last decade
BAU scenario for 2041 160.5 million TPY
Class I cities contribute 72% to MSW in urban area
In 2021 towns will contribute 60% Source: Environmental Management Centre, LLP, Promoting Recycling in Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Business Models, Project Preparation Support for Livable Cities in Asia, 2012
Governance MSW rules (Management & Handling) came in 2000
ULBs to follow the rules
No ULB is compliant
Special rules for Biomedical waste, E- waste and Plastics with regulatory guidelines framed for recycling of batteries and waste oil. Source: Environmental Management Centre, LLP, Promoting Recycling in Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Business Models, Project Preparation Support for Livable Cities in Asia, 2012
Waste Recycling Waste recycling as prime strategy in sustainable waste management
Establishes waste-resource linkage
Recycling reduces operating and transport costs, emissions; creates green jobs, substitutes virgin materials and yields economic benefits.
Recycling takes place majorly in mega cities which needs to be taken to small towns and cities Source: Environmental Management Centre, LLP, Promoting Recycling in Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Business Models, Project Preparation Support for Livable Cities in Asia, 2012
New waste streams E-Waste, biomedical or health-care waste, construction demolition waste and plastic waste
E-Waste - high generation, high value
Plastic recycling - 1777 units C&D waste Conversion to low cost construction materials
Problem of household hazardous waste and composting Source: Environmental Management Centre, LLP, Promoting Recycling in Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Business Models, Project Preparation Support for Livable Cities in Asia, 2012
Informal waste pickers Informal sector recycles 70% of plastic waste and up to 56% of all recyclable waste
The informal sector in Delhi alone employs about 150,000 people
Delhi Informal sector transports 1088TPD. Thus, ULB saves INR 795 million/year and avoids 1Million tons of CO2Eq
However waste pickers exposed to high risk condition
Source: Environmental Management Centre, LLP, Promoting Recycling in Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Business Models, Project Preparation Support for Livable Cities in Asia, 2012
Recycling of Inerts Extent of waste segregation is low between 30 to 60%
Recycling India 56% Europe and US 30%
Separation of waste however needs space that is not made available as the informal sector is not recognized by the ULBs Source: Environmental Management Centre, LLP, Promoting Recycling in Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Business Models, Project Preparation Support for Livable Cities in Asia, 2012
Houses Offices Market Formal collection (mixed) Informal system (recyclables) Dhalaos Dustbins Municipal truck Landfill Waste pickers Small Kabaris Big kabaris Recyclers Thiawalas S W M
s y s t e m
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I n d i a
Source: CHINTAN. "Space for Waste:Planning for the Informal Recycling Sector." New Delhi, 2003 Recyclers Big Kabaris Small Kabaris Thiawalas Waste pickers Hierarchy of Stakeholders in Hierarchy Informal SWM Source: CHINTAN. "Space for Waste:Planning for the Informal Recycling Sector." New Delhi, 2003 Generator / end user Collection Disposal Waste picker Junk shop Processor Municipal activities Value chain activities Waste recycling in developing countries
Waste recycling in high-Income countries Cash flow Material flow Partial Material flow Formal and Informal SWM systems Generator / end user Collection Disposal Waste picker Junk shop Processor Municipal activities Value chain activities Cash flow Material flow Partial Material flow Adopted from Anne Scheinberg, WIEGO, Informal Sector Integration and High Performance Recycling: Evidence from 20 Cities, Working Paper (Urban Policies) No. 23, 2012 City Number of waste pickers Average earnings (Euro per day) Child earnings (% of adult) Women earnings (as % of mens earnings) Total recycled (formal) % Total recycled (informal) % Total avoided costs for collection plus avoided costs for disposal for waste system (x Euro 1000/year) Cairo (Egypt) 40,000 4,3 - 13% 66% 14,473 Cluj Napoca (Romania) 3,226 6,28 - 87% 5% 9% 63 Lima (Peru) 17,643 5,4 25% 60% 0.3% 20% 15,758 Economic Aspects of the Informal Sector (GIZ Study) Source: GTZ/CWG, Economic Aspects of the Informal Sector in Solid Waste 2007, Agnes 2009; WATSAN 2010 Weigh bridge Sorting Inert Storage Organic storage Bio-methanation or Composting plants Material Recycling Hub Innovation centre Street lights Waste Sorting Centres Gardens Methane gas for street lights and to fuel transport vehicles Processed materials for users Compost to gardens Waste Sorting Centre Waste Generators/ Users City with No Landfill Waste Concern starts pilot community based resource recovery project in Dhaka Regional Urban Developmen t Office (RUDO)- South Asia supports to increase the capacity of the project and to further test the model With support from MoEF, UNDP, Waste Concern under SEMP selected to replicate the model in 5 (five) communities of Dhaka City Partnership agreement signed between public-private sector- community to implement the project Replication of the model in Dhaka, Khulna& Sylhet cities. 38 replications of this model in more than 18 cities/ towns of Bangladesh 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2004 Solid waste management in Bangladesh Source: Solid Waste Management system in Bangladesh, http://www.unescap.org/pdd/prs/ProjectActivities/Ongoing/Best%20practice/Bangladesh.pdf Composting Organic compost - Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium, and other essential micro nutrients.
India centralized and decentralized Potential - 4.3 million tons of compost each year from MSW
Compost sold to city gardens and residential areas
70 centralized plants in India Decentralized plants are getting implemented but need to be promoted Segregation at source is the key Source: Environmental Management Centre, LLP, Promoting Recycling in Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Business Models, Project Preparation Support for Livable Cities in Asia, 2012
Waste to energy Waste to energy business in India looks at four routes Biomethanation focusing on organic fraction Refuse Derived Fuels (RDFs) Direct combustion or Mass burn Landfill Gas (LFG) Recovery
Source: Environmental Management Centre, LLP, Promoting Recycling in Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Business Models, Project Preparation Support for Livable Cities in Asia, 2012
Biomethanation Decentralized cooking fuel
Fuel to electricity for commercial units -Business models not still attractive
Bio-gas used to fuel buses Swedish technology Pilots proposed in Mysore Source: Environmental Management Centre, LLP, Promoting Recycling in Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Business Models, Project Preparation Support for Livable Cities in Asia, 2012
RDF RDF an alternative to coal
India 2.48 million TPY of RDF, 8 RDF facilities (Four not in working conditions)
Source: Environmental Management Centre, LLP, Promoting Recycling in Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Business Models, Project Preparation Support for Livable Cities in Asia, 2012
Mass burn plants Not present in India Use of high temperature technologies such as Plasma Arc Barriers high capital costs, need of auxiliary fuel high costs of emission control and monitoring and resistance from local neighborhood and environmental groups Source: Environmental Management Centre, LLP, Promoting Recycling in Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Business Models, Project Preparation Support for Livable Cities in Asia, 2012
7 LGFs potential in India - 7.4 million tons of CO 2 equivalent emission reduction
Gorai - GHG emissions reduction of 2.2 million tons of CO 2
equivalents by 2028
Source: Environmental Management Centre, LLP, Promoting Recycling in Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Business Models, Project Preparation Support for Livable Cities in Asia, 2012
Landfill mining Recovering valuable materials from land filled MSW Landfill mining
Prime objective To clear space or incoming land
Still an untapped resource of economic gains, resource saving, generating employment, reduce risks to neighborhood environment
Business models not yet established
Source: Environmental Management Centre, LLP, Promoting Recycling in Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Business Models, Project Preparation Support for Livable Cities in Asia, 2012
Observation India - WTE market not yet mature, High capital costs, environmental and social concerns
Biomethanation attractive choice
LFG Still unexplored on larger scale, attractive with accrual of carbon credits Source: Environmental Management Centre, LLP, Promoting Recycling in Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Business Models, Project Preparation Support for Livable Cities in Asia, 2012
40 waste Recycling Companies contacted 1. Profile 2. Impact 3. Contact Highlight Photo E-coli Waste E-coli waste is a profit organization deals with E-waste and Biomedical waste in Ahmadabad. They follow collect-segregate-process-sell operation. E.coli Waste Management Company has signed MOU with Government of Gujarat for recycling the e-waste generated by corporate small entities and individuals due to dumping of electric and electronic equipments like mobiles, computers ACs etc. .. They claim as the only company of Gujarat which is actively involved in recycling of e-waste in a systematic & eco-friendly manner following the safety norms set by the pollution control board. Website http://www.ecoliwaste.com Place: Email iinfo@ecoliwaste.com Number 079-27556348 9825494049
Contact Person At E-Coli waste management system the collection of Bio-medical waste is done in accordance with direction contained in the notification of BMW rules as per the provisions of the BMW rules '98 - BY (GPCB). They provides technical as well as legal guidelines to institute for safe collection, storage & disposal of biomedical waste as well as necessary statutory requirement of State Pollution Control Board as per BMW rules. THANK YOU