Nonwovens

1. Nonwoven means
a) With warp & weft fabrics b) Looped fabrics
c) Interlocking of fibre or web fabric d) Braided fabrics
2. European disposables and non woven association is stands for
a) ADANA b) EDANA c) DDANA d) GDANA
3. One of the most common fibres used in production of nonwovens are
a) High twist yarn b) Rayon fibres c) Orlon yarns d) Hosiery yarns
4. One of the method of web preparation is
a) Wet laid method b) Cut laid method c) Twist laid method d) Normal method
5. Bicomponent fibres with different polymers in the core and sheath are widely used in
___________ process.
a) Needle punching b) Thermal bonding c) Chemical bonding d) Spunlacing
6.___________ fibre is dominating in usage in the nonwoven industry.
a) Polyester b)Polypropylene c)Viscose d) cotton
7. Air laid webs are _________ in structure.
a)Isotropic b) Anisotropic c) Orthotropic d)Quasi-isotropic
8. Parallel laid webs are _________ in structure.
a)Isotropic b) Anisotropic c) Orthotropic d)Quasi-isotropic
9. Cross laid webs are _________ in structure.
a) Isotropic b) Anisotropic c) Orthotropic d)Quasi-isotropic
10. Random laid webs are _________ in structure.
a)Isotropic b) Anisotropic c) Orthotropic d)Quasi-isotropic
11. Flocculation increases with increase in __________ ratio of the fibre in the wet laid process.
a) Length/diameter b) Diameter/length c) Aspect d) Uniformity
12. Dispersibility of fibre is important for _______ laid process.
a) dry b) wet c)polymer d)air
13. Cross lapper is used in _______ process.
a) air laid b)cross laid c)wet laid d) polymer laid
14.__________ is polymer laid process.
a) Melt blown b) cross lapper c) spun bond d) spun lace
15. Polydispersity is important for __________ laid process.
a) Polymer b)dry c)wet d)cross
16. Cotton is not processable in ________ laid process.
a) dry b)polymer laid c) wet d)cross
17. Flocculation is related to _______ process.
a) dry laid b) wet laid c) polymer laid d)cross laid
18.________ is used for bale opening.
a)bale plucker b)step cleaner c) ERM cleaner d)Unimix
19.___________ is coarse fibre opener.
a)step cleaner b)ERM cleaner c) Unimix d) Bale plucker
20.___________is fine fibre opener.
a)step cleaner b)ERM cleaner c) Unimix d) Bale plucker
21._________ is responsible for homogenous blending of fibres.
a)step cleaner b)ERM cleaner c) Unimix d) Bale plucker
22.Nonwoven consists of _________
a)yarn b) fibres c) whiskers d) fabrics
23. __________ technology produces thickest fabrics.
a) Needle punching b)spun bonding c)melt blown d) Spunlacing
24. Water is used in __________ process.
a) spun bond b)melt blown c) needle punching d) spun lace
25. Polyester is used as raw material in ______ process.
a) Needle punching b) spun bonding c) melt blown d) Spunlacing
26.__________ is natural fibre.
a) cotton b)viscose c)polyester d)jute
27. __________ is bast fibre.
a) cotton b)viscose c)polyester d)jute
28. __________ is thermoplastic fibre.
a) cotton b)viscose c)polyester d)jute
29. __________ is regenerated cellulose fibre.
a) cotton b)viscose c)polyester d)jute
30.___________ is widely used in absorbent applications.
a)cotton b) polyester c)PP d) PVC
31.____________ needle punched fabric is widely used in geotextiles applications.
a) Polyester b) cotton c) silk d) wool
32.__________ process produces the thinnest fabric.
a) Needle punching b) tufting c) spun lacing d) melt blown
33.__________ fibre is having moisture regain of 8.5%.
a) cotton b) viscose c)polyester d) wool
34.__________ fibre is having moisture regain of 0.3%.
a) cotton b) viscose c)polyester d) wool
35.__________ fibre is having moisture regain of 13.0%.
a) cotton b) viscose c)polyester d) wool
36.__________ fibre is having moisture regain of 16.0%.
a) cotton b) viscose c)polyester d) wool
37. Production rate of spun bonding is __________ compared to needle punching process.
a) Higher b) lower c) depends on fibre d) same
38. Production rate of melt blown is __________ compared to needle punching process.
a) Higher b) lower c) depends on fibre d) same
39. Production rate of spun lacing is __________ compared to needle punching process.
a) Higher b) lower c) depends on fibre d) same
40. Orientation of fibre in the web can be mapped using _____________
a)optical microscopy b) IR spectroscopy c) X-ray diffraction d) Electron microscopy
41. __________ is the mechanical bonding process.
a)Needle punching b) spun bonding c)melt blown d) Infra red bonding
42. __________ is the mechanical bonding process.
a)spun lacing b) spun bonding c)melt blown d) Infra red bonding
43. __________ is the thermal bonding process.
a) Needle punching b) spun bonding c) melt blown d) Infra red bonding
44. __________ is the thermal bonding process.
a) Needle punching b) spun bonding c)melt blown d) calendering
45. __________ is the thermal bonding process.
a) Needle punching b) spun bonding c)melt blown d) Ultrasonic bonding
46.__________ is the non-contact thermal bonding process.
a) Needle punching b) spun bonding c)melt blown d) Infra red bonding
47. Barb is related to __________ process.
a) Needle punching b) spun bonding c) melt blown d) Infra red bonding
48. Barb is related to __________ process.
a) Needle punching b) spun bonding c) melt blown d) Infra red bonding
49. Spinnerette is related to __________ process.
a) Needle punching b) spun bonding c) melt blown d) Infra red bonding
50. High velocity air is blown at die tip in __________ process.
a) Needle punching b) spun bonding c) melt blown d) Infra red bonding
51. Binder is used in ________ bonding process.
a) Needle punching b) spun bonding c) melt blown d) Infra red bonding
52. The polymer flows by surface tension and capillary action to fibre-to fibre crossover points in
___________ bonding process.
a) Needle punching b) spun bonding c) melt blown d) Thermal bonding
53. ________ requires a thermoplastic component to be present in the form of a homofil fibre,
powder, film, web, hot melt ores a sheath as part of a bicomponent fibre.
a) Needle punching b) spun bonding c) melt blown d) Thermal bonding
54. Cohesive bonds are formed in __________ bonding process.
a) Needle punching b) spun bonding c) melt blown d) Thermal bonding
55. In _________, a hot air is forced through a preformed web.
a) calendering b) through air c) IR heat d) Ultrasonic
56. In ___________bonding, friction between contacting fibers due to the application of
ultrasound causes partial melting of the fibers.
a) calendering b) through air c) IR heat d) Ultrasonic
57.Area bonding is possible in ________ bond process.
a) calender b) engraved calender c) embossed calender d) dotted calender
58. Point bonding is possible in ________ bond process.
a) Calender b) engraved calender c) Through air d) IR heat
59. Area bonded fabrics are _________ in nature.
a) Stiff b) limpy c) stronger d) weaker
60. Point bonded fabrics are _______ in nature.
a) Stiff b) limpy c) stronger d) weaker
61. The binder fibre component normally ranges from _________ on weight of' fibre depending
on the physical property requirements of' the final product.
a)5-50% b)1-2% c)90-95% d)70-80%
62. The______ fibre contributes to key physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the fabric in
the thermal bonding process.
a) Base b) binder c) blended d) low density
63. If the binder content is more than ____% of the total blend the fabric behaves like a
reinforced plastic.
a) 1% b) 5% c) 50% d) 10%
64. At a binder content of _____ % the fabric is a bulky, porous and flexible structure with
relatively low strength.
a) 50% b) 55% c) 60% d) 10%
65. Commercially, light-weight webs of 25-30 g/m2 for medical and hygiene applications and
medium-weight webs of l00 g/m2 for interlining and filtration applications are thermally bonded
using ___________.
a) calendering b) through air c) IR heat d) Ultrasonic
66. ________ is the main method of thermally bonding in disposables as diaper, sanitary
products, and medical products.
a) Point bond b) area bond c) IR heat d) Ultrasonic
67. The heating time in point bond hot calendering is typically of the order of _________.
a)seconds b)minutes c)hours d)milliseconds
68. In roller calendaring the heating time is measured in milliseconds whereas in belt bonding,
time in the nip is extended to ______seconds.
a) 1-10 b) 50-60 c) 40-50 d) 30-40
69. Pressure in a calendar roll nip in calender bonding process is in the range _____ N/mm.
a) 10 b) 20 c) 100 d) 1000
70. In belt bonding the pressure does not normally exceed ____ N/mm.
a) 9 b) 20 c) 100 d) 1000
71. In belt calendaring, the roller diameter ranges from 40-250 cm and is usually coated with
________ to increase its life.
a) PTFE b) PU c) PVC d) silicone
72. Working widths up to ____ m and production speeds of up to _____ m/min are claimed for
belt bonding.
a) 6,100 b) 60,100 c) 6, 10 d) 60, 10
73. Fabric distortion minimizes in __________ technique of thermal bonding process.
a) Calender b) engraved calender c) Through air d) IR heat
74. ________ process involves the application of rapidly alternating compressive forces to
localized areas of fibers in the web.
a) Calender b) engraved calender c) Through air d) Ultrasonic
75. No binder is necessary when synthetic fibers are used since these are self-bonding in ______
bonding.
a) Calender b) engraved calender c) Through air d) Ultrasonic
76. The number of needles in the needle board varies from ___________ needles per meter.
a) 1500-5000 b)15-50 c)150-500 d)1-5
77.__________ carries and interlocks the fibers in needle punching.
a) barb b) shank c)point d)hook
78. If the depth of the barb is ________ or the distance between the barbs is ______, the
dimensional stability is improved during needling.
a) Increased, decreased b) increased, increased c) decreased, increased d) decreased, decreased
79. Mechanical properties of needle punched structures ________ with depth of penetration.
a) improve b) deteriorate c)no influence d) reduce
80. The number of penetrations per area square is termed as _________ in needle punching
process.
a) Stitch density b) Amount of needling c) punch depth d) areal density
81. The web ___________ has a great influence on air permeability in the needle punched fabric.
a) Area mass b) thickness c) strength d) homogeneity
82. The area ratio of the fibre plugs in the needle felt is in the range of ________.
a) 2-12% b) 20-120% c) 15-20% d) 40-50%
83. ____________ process uses fine, high pressure jets of water to cause the fibres to interlace.
a) Hydroentanglement b) spun bond c)melt blown d) needle punching
84. _______due to high kinetic energy reorientates fibers according to the shape of the support
screen.
a)Water jet b)air jet c) needle d) barb
85.Specific Energy is expressed in ________.
a)J/kg b)J/N c)J/g d)J/m
86. The fibrous web is first ________to eliminate air pockets during hydroentanglement process.
a) preheated b)prewetted c)prebonded d) interlaced
87. The pressure of water jets _________ in hydroentanglement process.
a)increases b)decreases c) same d) increases and decreases
88._________ the fibre, better the hydroentanglement effect.
a)coarser b) finer c) stronger d) weaker
89. Hydroentanglement is hampered by __________ stiffness and _______ specific surface.
a) Increasing, small b) increasing, large c) decreasing, small d) decreasing, large
9
a)8-60 b) 80-800 c)10-70 d) 1-8
91. Pressure inside the jet manifold in the hydroentanglement process will be in the range of
____ Mpa.
a) 25-60 b) 2.5 -6.0 c) 250-600 d) 10-20
92. Velocity of water jet the hydroentanglement process will be in the range of_______ m/sec.
a)10-350 b) 1-9 c) 500 d) 1000
93. The typical range of the sieve wire diameter used in the hydroentanglement process is

a)10-130 b) 1-9 c) 200 d) 500
94. No chemical or melt binders used in ___________ process.
a) chemical bonding b)thermal bonding c) belt calendaring d)spun lacing
95.Hydroentanglement is also called as _________ process.
a) chemical bondin b)thermal bonding c) belt calendaring d)spun lacing
96. ________products are employed in carpet backing.
a) spun bond b)melt blown c) needle punched d) spun lace
97. __________is the most widely used polymer for spunbond nonwovens production.
a)Isotactic PP b)syndiotactic PP c) Atactic PP d) Polyester
98. _______spunbond fabrics are produced with weights as low as 10 g/m2 and with excellent
cover and strength.
a) Nylon-6,6 b)PP c) PET d) Nylon 6
99. Venturi tube is related to ___________ process.
a) Spunbond b) melt blown c) spun lace d) needle punching
100. Spun bond web structures are ___________.
a) Isotropic b) anisotropic c) orthotropic d) quasi-isotropic
101. Spun bond web structures have high__________.
a) Opacity b) strength c) orientation d) air permeability
102. Typical GSM achieved in spun bonding process is __________.
a) 10-200 b) 1-9 c) 2000 d) 5000
103. Fiber diameters range between 15 and 35 um is preferred in ____________ process.
a) Spunbond b) melt blown c) spun lace d) needle punching
104. High strength-to-weight ratios compared to other nonwoven, woven, and knitted structures
is achieved in __________process.
a) Spunbond b) melt blown c) spun lace d) needle punching
105. _________ process is a one-step process in which high-velocity air blows a molten
thermoplastic resin from an extruder die tip onto a conveyor or take-up screen to form a fine
fibrous and self-bonding web.
a) Spunbond b) melt blown c) spun lace d) needle punching
106. ___________webs offer random fibre orientation.
a) Spunbond b) melt blown c) spun lace d) needle punching
107. Melt Blown microfibers generally have diameters in the range of ______ m.
a)2-4 b) 20-40 c)200-400 d)2000-4000
108. In the melt blown system, molten polymers are forced through small slit openings and high
temperature _________ air is impinged _________ at both sides of the exiting film.
a) 2300C, 300 miles/hr b) 1000C, 300 miles/hr c) 2300C, 100 miles/hr d) 1000C, 100 miles/hr
109. The ___________supply the high velocity hot air (also called as primary air) through the
slots on the top and bottom sides of the die nosepiece.
a) air manifolds b) extruder c) die nosepiece d) spinneret
110. The _______ and __________basically control the final fiber diameter, fiber entanglements
and the extent of zone of attenuation in the melt blown process.
a) Polymer, air throughput rate b) fibre, air throughput rate c) fibre, polymer d) die, extruder
111. The __________ generally affects the openness of the fabric and fiber-to-fiber thermal
bonding in melt blown process.
a) die-to-collector distance b) polymer type c) die temperature d) air throughput
112. The ___________increases slightly with increase in die-to-collector distance in the melt
blown process.
a) fibre diameter b) fibre crimp c) fibre strength d) fibre length
113. The _______________in conjunction with air flow rate affect the appearance and hand of
the fabric, fabric uniformity and fabric defects in the production.
a) polymer/die and air temperatures b) polymer throughput rate c) air throughput d) polymer type
114. ___________is difficult to draw because of its melt elasticity in melt blown process.
a) Polyethylene b) PP c) Nylon d) cotton
115. __________ is more difficult to melt-blow into fine fibrous webs than is polypropylene.
a) Polyethylene b) PP c) Nylon d) cotton
116. Melt blown web structures are ___________.
a) Isotropic b) anisotropic c) orthotropic d) quasi-isotropic
117. _________ is caused by uncontrolled turbulence in the air-stream and by movement of
fibers during and after lay down.
a) Roping b) shot c) fly d) neps
118. _______ are small, spherical particles of polymer formed during the blowing operation.
a) Roping b) shot c) fly d) neps
119. ________ is a defect that does not go directly into the web, but instead contaminates the
surrounding environment.
a) Roping b) shot c) fly d) neps
120. ______ are generally caused by excessively high temperatures or by too low a polymer
molecular weight.
a) Roping b) shot c) fly d) neps
121. _________ is composed of very short and very fine microfibers not trapped on the drum or
belt during lay down.
a) Roping b) shot c) fly d) neps
122. __________can be caused by too violent blowing conditions.
a) Roping b) shot c) fly d) neps
123. The number of fibers and resulting surface area are greatly increased as
_________decreases in the melt blown process.
a) fibre diameter b) fibre strength c) fibre length d) fibre crimp
124.______________ fibre is having high Melt Flow Rate.
a) PP b) PET c) PU d) PVC
125. A typical melt blowing process consumes about _______ kWh/kg of polymer process.
a) 7-8 b) 70-80 c) 700-800 d) 0.7-0.8
126. A typical spunbond process consumes _________ kWh/kg.
a) 2-3 b) 20-30 c) 200-300 d) 0.2-0.3
127. ___________ processing is more energy intensive because of compressed hot air is used for
fiber attenuation.
a) Melt blown b) spun bond c) spun lace d) needle punching
128. The production speed of __________ is inherently faster than that of _________.
a) spun bonding, melt blowing b) melt blowing, spun bonding c) needle punching, spun bonding
d) needle punching, melt blowing
129.____________ bonding is an example of chemical bonding.
a) saturation b) calendaring c) needle punching d) IR bonding
130. _________ bonding is used in conjunction with processes which require rapid binder
addition.
a) saturation b) calendaring c) needle punching d) IR bonding
131. ________ bonding is a means to apply binder at low water and high binder-solids
concentration levels.
a) saturation b) calendaring c) Foam d) IR bonding
132. Calendaring of nonwoven fabric improves_____________.
a) Smoothness b) strength c) lustre d) GSM
133._____________ form is preferred for nonwoven fabric during coloration.
a) Open width b) rope c) tubular d) twisted
134.___________ dyeing machine is preferred for processing low density nonwovens.
a) Beam b) Jet c) Jigger d) soft flow
135.The size of the test sample for testing mass per unit area of nonwoven is _______ cm2.
a) 500 b) 50 c)100 d) 5
136.The pressure level recommended for testing nonwoven with less than 20 mm thickness is
a)0.02 kPa b) 2 kPa c) 20 kPa d)1 kPa
137.The recommended gauge length for testing tensile strength of nonwoven is _______ mm.
a) 200 b) 100 c) 20 d)10
138. Linear density of filament is measured by __________ tester.
a) Vibrodyn b) Vibroscope c) CTT d) Sheffield Micronaire
139. The minimum number of test samples required for testing mass per unit area is _____.
a) 2 b) 3 c) 10 d) 20
140. AFIS is used to evaluate ___________ in the fibres.
a) Length, Neps, Trash b) Length, maturity, Strength c) Crimp, neps, trash d) fineness